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Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms Agitator A type of mechanical mixing device; used in copiers in the toner supply to keep toner particles separated; also used in the development unit to combine toner and carrier, creating two—component developer. AI Short Protocol Artificial Intelligence Short Protocol reduces the time required for the protocol exchange with a particular terminal by saving the communication parameters and the modem rate used to send the last page of a transmission. These parameters are used for the start of the next transmission to that terminal. Air Knife (or Air The air knife paper separation process uses jets of air to separate sheets of paper for Separation) paper feed. Attenuation After the modem converts data to serial and modulates it, the data passes through an attenuator, which adjusts the TX level. Auger A screw-like mechanical transport device used to move bulk materials in many different applications. It relies on a large screw with deep, wide-pitched threads turning inside a close-fitting cylinder. The threads act like an endless scoop or wedge to lift material from one end of the cylinder to the other. Automatic Document A motorized device that allows automatic feeding, alignment and stacking of multiple Feeder (ADF) originals, greatly improving the overall efficiency of photocopying. 10 March 2004 1 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms Automatic Document An advanced type of document feeder that can recycle and reverse originals. Handler (ADH) Autorouting When a G3 fax message with a SUB code is received, the machine compares it with the personal codes stored in the machine with e-mail addresses. If there is a match, the machine automatically routes the message to that e-mail address. Baud Rate The Baud Rate is the number of bits per second divided by the number of bits per Baud. Bias Roller A bias roller is a roller that has a constant electric voltage applied to it. Such rollers are used at various places in copiers and printers. A typical use is in a copier’s cleaning system, where a bias roller is often used to attract toner removed by a cleaning blade or brush. Bipolar Junction A bipolar junction transistor contains two junctions between p and n type Transistor semiconductor, and three electrodes (the collector, the base, and the emitter). See Transistors. Block Diagram A kind of electronic map that divides a system into a number of functional “blocks”; it shows all the interconnections among the blocks, but generally does not show detail inside them. Bond A category of papers, consisting of many individual types. Most bond papers are suitable for use in plain-paper copiers. Breakdown Voltage The voltage at which current will flow in reverse through a diode. Regular diodes will generally be destroyed if a reverse voltage greater than the breakdown voltage is applied; however, zener diodes are designed to operate at the breakdown voltage. See Zener Diode. 10 March 2004 2 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms Brushless DC Motor In standard DC motors, the magnet is stationary while the coil rotates, and brushes complete the electrical contact to the rotor. However, In a brushless DC motor, the coil is stationary and the magnet moves. Call Collision After the scanning the document, the machine checks whether there is an incoming Prevention fax message. The machine cannot dial if there is an incoming message. This differs between North American, and European and Asian models. See North American models and European and Asian models. Carrier (copiers) Carrier is one of the components of a two-component developer. Carrier consists of tiny iron-based beads that attract toner particles through a triboelectric charge and transport them to the photoconductor during the development process. See Triboelectric Charge. Carrier (facsimile) The carrier is the base frequency wave that fax machines use for communication. To transmit data, fax machines superimpose a modulating signal onto the carrier wave by varying the frequency, amplitude, or phase (or a combination of these) in a standard manner. See Modulation Techniques. Central Processing Unit A microprocessor chip that is used as the primary control and information processing (CPU) device in a sophisticated electronic system. Charge The first step in the copy process; during the charge process, an even electrical charge is applied to the photoconductor, preparing it to receive the image of an original during exposure. Charge Corona Unit A corona unit used for the first step in the copy process, to apply an even high— voltage charge to the photoconductor; usually ventilated by a blower to help distribute ions during charging. 10 March 2004 3 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms Charge Coupled A solid-state component made from a number of very small light-sensitive elements; Device (CCD) the amount of light falling on each element produces an electrical signal of corresponding strength. CCDs are used in laser-based copiers, fax machines and some television cameras. Cleaning That step in the copy process during which residual toner particles—those left behind after image transfer—are removed from the photoconductor. Cleaning relies mainly on mechanical systems but electrostatic forces may also be used. Cleaning Blade An element in a copier’s cleaning system. After a copy has been made, the cleaning blade acts like a windshield wiper, riding along the surface of the photoconductor to wipe off all remaining toner particles. Cleaning Brush An element in a copier’s cleaning system. After a copy has been made, the cleaning brush removes the residual toner from the surface of the photoconductor. See Bias Roller. Clutch A control device for rotational movement; a clutch will either be engaged, locking its components together and transferring rotation, or disengaged, letting its components turn separately and preventing the transfer of rotation. Clutch, Magnetic See Magnetic Clutch. Clutch, Magnetic See Magnetic Spring Clutch Spring Clutch, Slip See Torque Limiter Clutches. See Slip Clutch. Clutch, Spring See Spring Clutch. Clutch, Torque Limiter See Torque Limiter Clutches. 10 March 2004 4 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms Coefficient of Friction The coefficient of friction directly affects the efficiency of paper feeding. It must be high (of paper) enough that the feed and transport rollers can get a good grip. However, it must be low enough that the sheets of paper slip over each other. Cold Cathode A variation of the fluorescent lamp. See Fluorescent Lamps, Applications. Fluorescent Lamp Contact Image Sensor The contact image sensor (CIS) is a compact image reading assembly containing an LED array, an array of self-focusing optic fibers (SELFOC), and a strip of light (CIS) detectors, such as phototransistors. The CIS is used instead of the CCD in the most compact of fax machines. Corona Unit A copier component that uses a high electrical voltage to create a localized electrical field of charged ions; various kinds of corona units are used at different points in the copy process. See Pre-Cleaning, Quenching, Transfer And Separation Corona Units. Corona Wire A thin wire usually made from tungsten and coated with carbon. Mounted inside a corona unit, it carries the high voltage needed to generate an electrical field for a specific copier application. Cross Mixing The process by which toner and carrier are mixed together inside a copier; also creates and distributes the triboelectric charge that binds the toner to the carrier particles. Current The rate of flow of electricity through a conductor; current is measured in Amperes or Amps. Data Compressor and Part of a fax circuit; it compresses the data before sending it out over the telephone Reconstructor - DCR line. It also reconstructs compressed data coming in from the telephone line. DC Motor A motor that operates on direct current. 10 March 2004 5 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms DC motor, Brushless See Brushless DC motor. Developer, See Mono-component Developer. Mono-component Developer, Also called dual-component developer. See Two-component Developer. Two-component Development That step in the copy process which first produces a visible image on the photoconductor. During development, toner is applied to the photoconductor, where it is electrically attracted to the latent image formed during exposure. Development Roller Part of a copier’s development system. Development rollers use some combination of magnetism, triboelectric charge and/or bias voltage to apply toner to the latent image on the photoconductor. Diode A p-type semiconductor joined to an n-type semiconductor. A diode allows current to move in only one direction. See Diodes. Diode, Zener See Zener Diode. DNS Domain Name System is a service that enables the IP address to be obtained from the host under the TCP/IP network environment. Doctor Blade Part of a copier’s development system. It limits the thickness of developer picked up by the development roller by scraping off the excess as the roller turns. It determines the height of the magnetic brush. Dual Component Toner Toner designed to work in a dual-component development system. This toner is similar to the non-magnetic type monocomponent toner. It works with a separate particle known as a carrier. The mixture of toner and carrier is known as developer. 10 March 2004 6 Appendix 1 Glossary of Terms Duplex Unit A paper handling device that permits the making of two-sided copies without manual intervention by the user. Available through the installation of a peripheral duplex unit on mid-size copiers, duplexing is a standard feature on most high-volume machines. Duplexing Making two-sided copies. ECM Memory Error Correction Mode memory, an optional extension to Group 3 protocol, is a countermeasure for the frequent data errors that occur in areas that suffer from noisy telephone lines. See ECM. Electromagnetic Clutch A type of clutch which contains its own electromagnetic actuator.

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