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Nicksn NOTCHES JANUARY 2012 NICKSn NOTCHES Annual summary of the activities and findings of the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, a collaborative component of the Chicago Zoological Society’s Dolphin Research and Conservation Institute A year of conservation capacity building By Randall Wells, PhD, Director, Sarasota Dolphin Research Program Conservation research, education, and training are among the core activities of the Sarasota Dolphin Research Program. Professional training, especially as it relates to conservation capacity building, is an important aspect of our program’s mission and that of its parent division of the Chicago Zoological Society, the Conservation, Education, and Training group. The year 2011 provided a number of opportunities for our program to help build dolphin conservation capacity at sites across the globe. Research teams from Brazil, Taiwan, and Cuba participated in our bottlenose dolphin health assessment in Sarasota Bay to learn safe and proven techniques for potential application to dolphin conservation situations in their own countries. The Brazilian team was preparing for the first-ever tagging of endangered Franciscana dolphins in their country, to learn about ranging patterns and habitat use of dolphins threatened by coastal development and gill-netting. The Taiwanese team came to determine if such an approach would be appropriate and feasible for use with an endangered population of humpback dolphins in a region of Taiwan threatened with extensive coastal development. The Cuban team, one of the first marine research teams to get U.S. state department clearance to come to this country, came to learn how to standardize sample and data collection to facilitate comparisons of bottlenose dolphin health in two of the three countries bordering the Gulf of Mexico. As you will read inside this issue, our work with the Brazilians was the culmination of several years of preparation and training in Argentina and Sarasota. We have worked with Argentinean Franciscana researchers, led by Pablo Bordino, since 2005, helping to develop their capacity for field work including tagging, tracking, and photo-identification. In preparation for the project in Brazil, several members of the Brazilian team participated in the 2010 Franciscana tagging project in Argentina and in the Sarasota Bay health assessment. Additional Brazilian team members came to Sarasota for training in May 2011. In October 2011, experienced Argentinean Franciscana researchers and Sarasota Dolphin Research Program staff converged at São Francisco do Sul, Brazil, to assist Dr. Marta Cremer and her team with tagging Franciscana dolphins. The tri- national collaboration could not have worked any better! Closer to home, over the past year we engaged in capacity building within our own program, as Katie McHugh and Brian Balmer, who both started with the SDRP as interns in 2000, completed their doctoral dissertations and became CZS post-doctoral scientists working with our program. These newly fledged scientists will greatly expand our ability to seek and engage in new research. Another SDRP intern from 2000, Leslie Burdett Hart, completed her dissertation in 2011 and is working as a post-doctoral scientist with NOAA’s National Ocean Service, engaged in dolphin health research including ongoing collaborations with the SDRP. One of our 2010 interns, Sunnie Hart, joined our program’s staff in the past year, and another, Mary Gryzbek, enrolled as a Master’s student at the University of Florida, engaged in bottlenose dolphin health research through our program. Among the 17 new interns training with our program in 2011 were participants from Argentina, Canada, and Denmark, who we hope will apply their training in their own countries. Conservation capacity building, in the form of developing collaborations among researchers across the Gulf of Mexico, should provide benefits for coastal bottlenose dolphins. A 3-year grant from the Disney Worldwide Conservation Fund is facilitating the development of a Gulf-wide bottlenose dolphin photographic identification catalog, integrating the work of researchers engaged in photo-ID efforts throughout the region. Compilation and sharing of identification images will help with definition of ranging patterns, habitat use, and stock identification, detection of long-range movements, abundance estimation, and assessment of body condition. In light of the ongoing unusual mortality event(s) in the northern Gulf and large-scale environmental perturbations to the Gulf of Mexico from such sources as the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and floodwaters from the Mississippi River, the combined, collaborative efforts of large numbers of dedicated scientists have the potential to make an important difference for these animals. www.sarasotadolphin.org 1 2011 - a year of much activity for the resident Sarasota Bay dolphins as well as the resident dolphin research team 2 www.sarasotadolphin.org Our approach toward helping dolphins By Randall Wells, PhD Our desire with each research or conservation project in The collaborative work done in partnerships toward achieving Florida or elsewhere is to contribute to a better understanding of the these goals is conducted under the umbrella of the “Sarasota structure and dynamics of populations of small cetaceans (dolphins, Dolphin Research Program.” This name links the efforts of whales, and porpoises), as well as the natural and anthropogenic several organizations and individuals that work together to insure factors (factors of human origin) that impact them. We use an the continuity of the long-term dolphin research in Sarasota Bay. interdisciplinary and collaborative approach in conducting studies The SDRP has been operated by the Chicago Zoological Society of bottlenose dolphins within a unique long-term natural laboratory. (CZS) since 1989, and is administered through the CZS Dolphin The primary goals of our program include: Research and Conservation Institute. Dolphin Biology Research Institute, a Sarasota-based 501{c}3 non-profit corporation (1) collecting biological, behavioral, ecological, and health data established in 1982, provides logistical support with its fleet of of importance to the conservation of small cetaceans, especially four small research vessels, two towing vehicles, computers, bottlenose dolphins, cameras, field equipment, etc. The program got its start at Mote (2) providing requisite information for bottlenose dolphin Marine Laboratory during 1970-72, and since 1992, Mote has conservation to wildlife management agencies, provided a convenient base on City Island in Sarasota Bay, with (3) disseminating the information generated by our program to office, storage and dock space, and easy access to good boat scientific and general audiences in order to aid dolphin conservation launching ramps. The SDRP maintains academic connections efforts, including graduate student opportunities primarily through the (4) using our model program to develop and refine hypotheses University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of North regarding bottlenose dolphins in other parts of the species' range as Carolina at Wilmington, Duke University, University of Florida, well as other species of small cetaceans, and the University of South Florida. (5) using the established natural laboratory to develop and test All of our bottlenose dolphin research in the United States new research tools and methodologies of potential benefit to is conducted under NOAA Fisheries Scientific Research Permits conservation efforts, and Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approvals (6) training cetacean conservation workers and students from through the appropriate institutions. around the world in the use of these techniques, (7) applying our unique expertise to dolphin rescue operations and post-release follow-up monitoring, and (8) applying the information we gather from free-ranging dolphins to improve the quality of care for dolphins in zoological park settings. In This Issue Human Interactions and Impacts...................................................................................................................Page 4 Social Structure, Behavior, and Communication..........................................................................................Page 14 Health and Physiology...................................................................................................................................Page 15 Ecology, Population Structure, and Dynamics.............................................................................................. Page 21 Dolphin Rescues, Releases, and Follow-up Monitoring...................................................................... .........Page 28 Involvement in Other Marine Mammal Conservation and Research Activities........................................... Page 31 Education, Outreach, and Training................................................................................................................ Page 34 Program Operations...................................................................................................................................... Page 43 Opportunities to Help Dolphin Research and Conservation......................................................................... Page 46 www.sarasotadolphin.org 3 Human Interactions and Impacts Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Responding to threats to dolphins along the central west coast of Florida By Brian C. Balmer, PhD, Jason Allen, BS, and Randall S. Wells, PhD, Chicago
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