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N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway Archaeological Resolution Project Mountshannon Site 1, E2334, Co

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N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway Archaeological Resolution Project Mountshannon Site 1, E2334, Co N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway Archaeological Resolution Project Mountshannon Site 1, E2334, Co. Limerick Final Excavation Report Author: Caoimhe Ní Thóibín Director: Aine Richardson Site Chainage Ordnance Datum NGR Mountshannon Site 1 760.000 30.079 165266/158496 Date: September 2008 Client: Limerick County Council Headland Project Code: NNL06 Townland: Mountshannon Parish: Stradbally Barony: Clanwilliam County: Limerick OS 6” Sheet No: LI‐006 Report Status: Approved N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway Archaeological Resolution Project Mountshannon Site 1, E2334, Co. Limerick Final Excavation Report Author: Caoimhe Ní Thóibín Director: Aine Richardson Site Chainage Ordnance Datum NGR Mountshannon Site 1 760.000 30.079 165266/158496 Date: September 2008 Client: Limerick County Council Headland Project Code: NNL06 Townland: Mountshannon Parish: Stradbally Barony: Clanwilliam County: Limerick OS 6” Sheet No: LI‐006 Report Status: Approved Headland Archaeology Ltd: N7 Nenagh to Limerick HQDC Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 Final Report CONTENTS PAGE 1 Executive Summary 2 2 Introduction 2 3 Site description and location 2 4 Historical and archaeological background 3 5 Aims and methodology 4 6 Summary of excavation results 4 7 Discussion 4 8 Archive quantities 4 9 Further work / Recommendations 5 10 References 5 11 Acknowledgements 5 List of Figures 1 N7 Nenagh to Limerick Dual Carriageway: Location of Mountshannon site 1, E2334 2 N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway: Location of Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 on RMP extract 3 N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway: Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 Site layout 4 N7 Nenagh to Limerick High Quality Dual Carriageway: Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 West‐facing section of hearth (005) Appendices Appendix 1 Context Register and Matrix Appendix 2 Sample Register Appendix 3 Photograph Register Appendix 4 Drawing Register 1 Headland Archaeology Ltd: N7 Nenagh to Limerick HQDC Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 Final Report 1 Executive Summary This report presents the results of archaeological investigations carried out on behalf of Limerick County Council as part of the N7 Nenagh ‐ Limerick Archaeological Resolution Contract. Phase 1 test trenching of the route was carried out by Judith Carroll and Company Ltd and Aegis Archaeology Ltd. between January and March 2006, under Ministerial Direction Number A026. One Site of archaeological potential was identified in the townland of Mountshannon, which during testing was assigned the sub‐scheme number A026/181. For the purposes of excavation this site was given the registration number E2334 and named Mountshannon site 1. The Minister for the Environment, Heritage & Local Government, following consultation with the National Museum of Ireland, directed that Phase 2 Archaeological Resolution should proceed. Archaeological test trenching carried out by Aegis Archaeology Ltd in 2006 in the area of Mountshannon Site 1 revealed a feature consisting of a ’ firm deposit of fire burnt clay with moderate inclusions of red and yellow brick fragments. The eastern edge of the feature consisted of a metalled/rough cobbled surface set into a mid‐greyish brown silty clay. The feature measures 1.3m north to south by 1.50m east to west’ (Hayes 2006). Full archaeological resolution of Mountshannon Site 1 took place between 15 and 19 December 2006. A circular area of burnt clay was the only feature of significance identifed on the site. A summary Report of works on the site was completed by Headland Archaeology in April 2007. 2 Introduction The scheme consists of 35.7 km of High Quality Dual Carriageway. It starts at the existing Newport Junction in the townlands of Carrowkeel and Mountshannon and runs northeastwards towards Nenagh (Carrigatogher), excluding two areas of bog in Lisnagry (Drominboy) and in Gooig (Annaholty) and continues to Ballintotty at the end of the Nenagh Bypass, which will be widened. The work described here was undertaken under the N7 Nenagh‐Limerick Archaeological Resolution Contract. The project is funded by the Irish Government and the European Union, through Limerick County Council/ National Roads Authority and under the National Development Plan 2000‐2006. Headland Archaeology Ltd. was commissioned by Limerick County Council to undertake the works. An Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) was prepared in 2003, with Margaret Gowen & Co. compiling the Architectural and Cultural Heritage Assessment for the route. This formed Section 5.12 of the EIS produced as a joint venture by RPS MCOS Scetauroute. 3 Site description and location (Figure 1) Mountshannon Site 1 was located at NGR 165266/158496, at chainage 760.00 in a fallow greenfield site bounded to the east by the existing N7 and to the northeast by a local access road. It formed the eastern boundary of Mountshannon Demesne from which the main entrance was accessed. This access road possibly formed the southern part of a recorded monument: L1006‐007 representing the original road from Limerick to Castleconnell noted as having being used as a routeway by Cromwell’s son‐in‐law, General Ireton in 1651. 2 Headland Archaeology Ltd: N7 Nenagh to Limerick HQDC Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 Final Report The rolling landscape of this area is composed of glacial sands and gravels of mixed sandstone‐shale with limestone in places, and is characteristic of the lowlands in a broad area stretching between Newport and Birdhill (Gowen 2003). Further sites of archaeological potential in the vicinity were also identified during archaeological testing undertaken by Avril Hayes of Aegis Archaeology Ltd. In February 2006 the surrounding land to the northeast and north contained ditch features (Richhill site 3), burnt mounds and associated features (Richhill Site 1, Areas A, B and C and Lisnagry Site 1) and a circular enclosure with associated features (Richhill site 2). 4 Historical and archaeological background (Figure 2) The townland name Mountshannon was introduced by settlers and replaced the original name of Ballingown from the Irish ‘Baile na gobhan’ meaning town of the smiths or ‘Baile an Ghaill’ meaning town of the foreigners. This name now refers to the nearby townland Ballynagowan. Mountshannon House is shown on Taylor and Skinners 1778 map as Ballingown (Gowen 2003). The archaeological potential of Mountshannon townland had been documented in the EIS for the project (Gowen 2003). Here it was noted that Mountshannon house and all associated features are listed as a protected structure in the Limerick County Development Plan 1998. The demesne wall is all that survives in this townland and was not within sight of Mountshannon Site 1. Details of this wall are included in the EIS as follows: ID No. 1 Townland Carrowkeel/Mountshannon County Limerick OS Sheet No. 006 NGR or chainage Ch 0+530.00‐0+670.00 RMP No. (if any) Not applicable Property No. (if any) Not applicable Site Type Demesne Wall Random coursed stone and mortar wall surviving in heights from between 1‐2.5 m and overhung with dense clumps of ivy; Site Description already broken through with construction of the Limerick Southern Ring Road Mountshannon House is listed as a protected structure in Legal protection or Limerick County Development Plan 1998; all associated features status i.e. it’s cartilage, are also protected Proximity to route Within the fenceline Remaining estate/landscape feature connected with Significance Mountshannon Demesne The wall has been previously damaged to facilitate access to dwellings now fronting the N7 and during construction of the Limerick Southern Ring Road. It also no longer encloses a Sensitivity surviving demesne landscape; Mountshannon wood has all but disappeared and the demesne land subdivided. No specific mitigation requirements will apply 3 Headland Archaeology Ltd: N7 Nenagh to Limerick HQDC Mountshannon Site 1, E2334 Final Report The RMP LI006‐064 cited as a possible enclosure was located c.250 m to the west of Mountshannon Site 1 but not within the road take. 5 Aims and methodology The objective of the work was the excavation and recording of the archaeological features found during Contract 1 Archaeological Testing undertaken by Aegis Archaeology Ltd in 2006 (see summary above). Also the excavation and recording of any additional archaeological features identified within the stripped areas. Topsoil stripping of the site was conducted using a 360° tracked machine fitted with a 1.9 m wide ditching (toothless) bucket under archaeological supervision. A total area of 120.986 m² was exposed. The resulting surface was cleaned and all potential features investigated by hand. Archaeological contexts were recorded by photograph and on pro forma record sheets. Plans and sections were drawn at an appropriate scale. Registers are provided in the appendices. Ordnance Datum levels and feature locations were recorded using Penmap and an EDM. Environmental samples were taken on any deposits potentially suitable for analysis or dating as per company environmental guidelines and following consultation with environmental archaeologist and archaeobotanist Karen Stewart. One soil sample was taken from this site. It is being processed for environmental and dating analysis. 6 Summary of excavation results The features excavated on Mountshannon Site 1 (Figure 3) consisted of a circular area of oxidised clay (005) which was located in the northern corner of the site. It measured 1.02 m in length, 0.98 m in width and 0.09 m in depth (Figure 4). It had a moderate break of slope at
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