DOCSLIB.ORG

Vascularization of the Alouatta Belzebul Brain Base1 Dayane Kelly Sabec-Pereira2*, Fabiano C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vascularization of the Alouatta Belzebul Brain Base1 Dayane Kelly Sabec-Pereira2*, Fabiano C Pesq. Vet. Bras. 40(4):315-323, April 2020 DOI: 10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-6536 Original Article Animal Morphophysiology ISSN 0100-736X (Print) ISSN 1678-5150 (Online) PVB-6536 MF Vascularization of the Alouatta belzebul brain base1 Dayane Kelly Sabec-Pereira2*, Fabiano C. Lima3, Fabiano R. Melo4, Fabiana Cristina S.A. Melo4, Kleber Fernando Pereira5 and Valcinir Aloisio S. Vulcani2.3 ABSTRACT.- Sabec-Pereira D.K., Lima F.C., Melo F.R., Melo F.C.S.A., Pereira K.F. & Vulcani V.A.S. 2020. Vascularization of the Alouatta belzebul brain base. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 40(4):315-323. Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] Alouatta belzebul primate. The material had the arterial system perfused (water at 40°C), injected with stained We studied the arterial circle in the brain of five specimens of the Título Original latexthe vertebra-basilar (Neoprene 650), and fixed the carotidin aqueous ones, formaldehyde which anastomose solution to close (10%) the andarterial dissected circuit. for In vesselthe caudal verification. portion ofThe the arterial arterial circle circle, of therethis primate are the isvertebral composed arteries of two and vascular their branches: systems: the rostral spinal artery and the caudal inferior cerebellar artery. The anastomosis of the [Título traduzido]. vertebral arteries gives rise to the basilar artery. It presented an anatomical variation at the beginning of its path, forming a double basilar artery, called arterial island. In its course, it emitted branches giving rise to the rostral inferior cerebellar artery, the pontine arteries, the rostral cerebellar arteries, the satellite rostral cerebellar arteries and its terminal branch, Autores the caudal cerebral artery, which presented itself in two segments: the pre-communicating one and post-communicating, joining the internal carotid artery and originating the caudal communicating artery. This group of arteries and anastomoses enclose the caudal portion of the arterial circle. From the right and left internal carotid arteries begins the rostral portion of the arterial circle, which consists of the right and left rostral cerebral arteries and the right and left middle cerebral arteries. The rostral cerebral arteries anastomose into a single trunk, giving rise to the interhemispheric artery, and in A. belzebul and Sapajus libidinosus, the rostral communicating artery is absent. The interhemispheric artery goes to the midbrain region and the corpus callosum knee divides into pericalous artery and callosarginal artery, which will supply the pre and post-central regions of the cerebral hemispheres of this species, as rostral cerebral artery, there is a direct inosculation between the recurrent branch of the wellrostral as cerebralother non-human artery and and left humanmiddle cerebralprimates. artery It is noted to supply that the in the entorhinal first part region. of the This left fact also occurs in Pongo spp. The middle cerebral artery travels along the lateral sulcus regions of the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. It is not part of the arterial circle but is wherethe terminal it emits branch several of superficial the internal branches carotid artery.to irrigate A. belzebul the superior can be and considered inferior lateral to depend cortical on two sources of supply to the brain: the vertebra-basilar and carotid systems, contributing to the intervention of veterinarians during clinical and surgical procedures in other primates, as well as the preservation of wild animals. INDEX TERMS: Vascularization, Alouatta belzebul, brain base, arterial circle, neotropical primate, carotid system. 1 Received on November 19, 2019. de Araújo, Jataí, GO 75801-615, Brazil. E-mails:[email protected], Accepted for publication on December 16, 2019. [email protected] 2 Escola de Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), 4 Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Av. Peter Henry Rolfs s/n, Campus Avenida Esperança s/n, Campus Samambaia, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil. Universitário, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil. E-mails: [email protected], [email protected] E-mail: [email protected]; *Corresponding author: [email protected] 5 Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Campus Toledo, Rodovia PR- 3 Universidade Federal de Jataí (UFJ), Campus Jatoba, Campus Jatobá, BR- 182 Km 320/321, Cx. Postal 2028, Toledo, PR 85919-899, Brazil. E-mail: Cruciano [email protected] 364 Km 195, Setor Parque Industrial 3800, Cidade Universitária José 315 316 Dayane Kelly Sabec-Pereira et al. RESUMO- [Vascularização da base do encéfalo de Alouatta belzebul.] approach of nonhuman primates is given to Old World species, Alouatta belzebul. O material teve suchanatomical as Papio studies. spp., (Nunes popularly & Catão-Dias known as 2006). baboon The and anatomical Macaca o sistema arterialEstudamos perfundido o círculo (água arterial a 40°C),no encéfalo injetado de cinco com mulatta, known as monkey rhesus (Ribeiro 2006). Studies in espécimes do primata animals of the New World began in the last century (Tilney látex corado (Neoprene 650), fixado em solução aquosa de and the clinical and surgical routine of veterinary medicine. formaldeído (10%) e dissecado para verificação dos vasos. O 1928)Anatomical which becomes studies inrestricted different tospecies the scientific provide informationcommunity círculo arterial deste primata é composto por dois sistemas that add up and become an important source of consultation for vasculares: vértebro-basilar e o sistema carotídeo, que se anastomosam para fechar o circuito arterial. Na porção caudal that the knowledge of the various aspects of neuroanatomy do círculo arterial encontra-se as artérias vertebrais e seus society and the scientific community. This way, it is understood ramos: artéria espinal rostral e a cerebelar inferior caudal. of nonhuman primates, scarce in the literature, are important A anastomose das artérias vertebrais dá origem a artéria not only for their intrinsic value, but also for providing a better basilar.ilha arterial. Esta apresentou Em seu trajeto uma variaçãoemitiu ramos anatômica dando no origem início do a understanding of the evolutionary process of these animals, seu trajeto, formando uma dupla artéria basilar, denominada which represents a relevant factor for its preservation and protection (Aversi-Ferreira et al. 2005). artéria cerebelar inferior rostral, as artérias pontinas, as The arterial circuit of the base of the brain has been artérias cerebelares rostrais, as artérias cerebelares rostrais described by other authors aiming at detailing the brain satélites e o seu ramo terminal, a artéria cerebral caudal, vascularization in comparative character between human, que apresentou-se em dois segmentos: o pré-comunicante non-human primates and other vertebrates (Ferreira & Prada e pós-comunicante, unindo-se a artéria carótida interna e 2009, Prada 2014). The arterial circle is a very important originando a artéria comunicante caudal. Este grupo de artérias vascular pathway of the brain. Anatomocomparative studies e anastomoses encerram a porção caudal do círculo arterial. Das artérias carótidas internas direita e esquerda, inicia-se a anatomical variations that occur in different species of porção rostral do círculo arterial, ao qual é constituído pelas faunaof vessels may responsiblefacilitate the forunderstanding cerebral blood of the flow mechanisms and their artériasrostrais se cerebrais anastomosam rostrais em direita um tronco e esquerda único dando e as origemartérias a responsible for the proper functioning or dysfunction of this cerebrais médias direita e esquerda.A. belzebul As e Sapajusartérias libidinosus cerebrais, organ (Kapoor et al. 2003, Kuchinka et al. 2008). Studies that allow for the determination of the organization, distribution, artéria inter-hemisférica e em and potential differences in blood vessels at the base of the a artéria comunicante rostral se encontra ausente. A artéria brain may also contribute to phylogenesis and ontogenesis inter-hemisférica segue para região média do encéfalo e no joelho do corpo caloso se divide em artéria pericalosa e artéria of the brain artery (Bugge 1974). The aim of this paper is to calosomarginal, que vão suprir as regiões pré e pós-central describe the vascularization of the brain base of the Neotropical dos hemisférios cerebrais desta espécie, assim como outros primate A. belzebul, focusing on the anatomical aspects of the primatas não humanos e humano. Nota-se que na primeira parte arterial circle of this species. da artéria cerebral rostral esquerda, ocorre uma inosculação direta entre o ramo recorrentePongo da artéria cerebral rostral e MATERIALS AND METHODS artéria cerebral média esquerda para suprir a região entorrinal, Alouatta belzebul brains, collected esse fato também ocorre em spp. A artéria cerebral during the rescue of terrestrial fauna during vegetation suppression média segue seu trajeto pelo sulco lateral onde emite vários activitiesFor this study, for the we implementation used five of Belo Monte hydroelectric ramos superficiais para irrigar as regiões corticais supero e exploitation, Brasília/DF, conducted by IBAMA process number ínfero lateral do lobo frontal, parietal e A.temporal, belzebul estadepende não faz parte do círculo arterial mas é o ramo terminal da artéria 02001.001848/2006-75 and authorization number 473/2014 - 2nd carótida interna. Pode-se considerar que de
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Caused by Carotid Artery Dissection
    brain sciences Case Report Endovascular Treatment of Stroke Caused by Carotid Artery Dissection Grzegorz Meder 1,* , Milena Swito´ ´nska 2,3 , Piotr Płeszka 2, Violetta Palacz-Duda 2, Dorota Dzianott-Pabijan 4 and Paweł Sokal 3 1 Department of Interventional Radiology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland 2 Stroke Intervention Centre, Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Jan Biziel University Hospital No. 2, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] (M.S.);´ [email protected] (P.P.); [email protected] (V.P.-D.) 3 Department of Neurosurgery and Neurology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru´n,Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Ujejskiego 75 Street, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] 4 Neurological Rehabilitation Ward Kuyavian-Pomeranian Pulmonology Centre, Meysnera 9 Street, 85-472 Bydgoszcz, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +48-52-3655-143; Fax: +48-52-3655-364 Received: 23 September 2020; Accepted: 27 October 2020; Published: 30 October 2020 Abstract: Ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) is a devastating condition. Most LVOs are embolic in nature. Arterial dissection is responsible for only a small proportion of LVOs, is specific in nature and poses some challenges in treatment. We describe 3 cases where patients with stroke caused by carotid artery dissection were treated with mechanical thrombectomy and extensive stenting with good outcome. We believe that mechanical thrombectomy and stenting is a treatment of choice in these cases. Keywords: stroke; artery dissection; endovascular treatment; stenting; mechanical thrombectomy 1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Unique Temporary Collateral Pathway Between Carotid-Vertebrobasilar
    Liu et al. BMC Neurology (2020) 20:97 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-020-01651-1 CASE REPORT Open Access A unique temporary collateral pathway between carotid-vertebrobasilar arteries in a carotid dissection patient Xiaogang Liu1†, Bing Li2†, Ying Liu3, Hongliang Wu2* , Huilong Zhang2, Lianwei Dou2 and Chuanyu Liu2 Abstract Background: In adults, the anastomosis between carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries is usually the posterior communicating artery, sometimes the primitive trigeminal artery. In this case, the basilar artery fed the internal carotid artery through the pontine-to-tentorial artery anastomosis after severe stenosis from traumatic carotid dissection. Case presentation: A 32-year-old female was diagnosed with ischemic stroke caused by traumatic carotid artery dissection. Aspirin (100 mg/day) and clopidogrel (75 mg/day) were prescribed. Digital subtraction angiography performed 6 days after stroke onset showed a dissection in the cervical segment of left internal carotid artery with severe local stenosis, and a collateral pathway from BA to the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery through the lateral pontine and tentorial artery. Without interventional therapy, clinical symptoms improved significantly within 10 days after onset. At 3-month follow-up, left common carotid artery angiography showed the stenosis had been significantly improved with a residual aneurysm. There was no collateral pathway between carotid-vertebrobasilar arteries, and a residual small artery originated from the posterior vertical segment of cavernous internal carotid artery. The small artery was clearly visualized by 3-dimensional rotational angiography and identified the tentorial artery. Conclusion: To the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of a collateral pathway between carotid vertebrobasilar arteries through the pontine-to-tentorial artery anastomosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    ONLINE FIRST This is a provisional PDF only. Copyedited and fully formatted version will be made available soon. ISSN: 0015-5659 e-ISSN: 1644-3284 Two cases of combined anatomical variations: maxillofacial trunk, vertebral, posterior communicating and anterior cerebral atresia, linguofacial and labiomental trunks Authors: M. C. Rusu, A. M. Jianu, M. D. Monea, A. C. Ilie DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2021.0007 Article type: Case report Submitted: 2020-11-28 Accepted: 2021-01-08 Published online: 2021-01-29 This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance. It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Folia Morphologica" are listed in PubMed. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Two cases of combined anatomical variations: maxillofacial trunk, vertebral, posterior communicating and anterior cerebral atresia, linguofacial and labiomental trunks M.C. Rusu et al., The maxillofacial trunk M.C. Rusu1, A.M. Jianu2, M.D. Monea2, A.C. Ilie3 1Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania 2Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babeş” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania 3Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania Address for correspondence: M.C. Rusu, MD, PhD (Med.), PhD (Biol.), Dr. Hab., Prof., Division of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroilor Sanitari Blvd., RO-76241, Bucharest, Romania, , tel: +40722363705 e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Background: Commonly, arterial anatomic variants are reported as single entities.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Thrombectomy in Basilar Artery Occlusion Presence of Bilateral Posterior Communicating Arteries Is a Predictor of Favorable Clinical Outcome
    Clin Neuroradiol (2019) 29:153–160 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00062-017-0651-3 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Mechanical Thrombectomy in Basilar Artery Occlusion Presence of Bilateral Posterior Communicating Arteries is a Predictor of Favorable Clinical Outcome Volker Maus 1 ·AlevKalkan1 · Christoph Kabbasch1 · Nuran Abdullayev1 · Henning Stetefeld2 · Utako Birgit Barnikol3 · Thomas Liebig4 · Christian Dohmen2 · Gereon Rudolf Fink2,5 · Jan Borggrefe1 · Anastasios Mpotsaris6 Received: 17 August 2017 / Accepted: 21 November 2017 / Published online: 19 December 2017 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2017 Abstract Results The favorable clinical outcome at 90 days was 25% Background Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) of basilar and mortality was 43%. The rate of successful reperfusion, artery occlusions (BAO) is a subject of debate. We inves- i.e. modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (mTICI) ≥ tigated the clinical outcome of MT in BAO and predictors 2b was 82%. Presence of bilateral PcoAs (area under the of a favorable outcome. curve, AUC: 0.81, odds ratio, OR: 4.2, 2.2–8.2; p < 0.0001), Material and Methods A total of 104 MTs of BAO (carried lower National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) out between 2010 and 2016) were analyzed. Favorable out- on admission (AUC: 0.74, OR: 2.6, 1.3–5.2; p < 0.01), PC- come as a modified Rankin scale (mRS) Ä 2at90days ASPECTS ≥ 9 (AUC: 0.72, OR: 4.2, 1.5–11.9; p < 0.01), was the primary endpoint. The influence of the follow- incomplete BAO (AUC: 0.66, OR: 2.6, 1.4–4.8; p < 0.001), ing variables on outcome was investigated: number of de- and basilar tip patency (AUC: 0.66, OR: 2.5, 1.3–4.8; p < tectable posterior communicating arteries (PcoAs), patency 0.01) were associated with a favorable outcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Camelus Dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758)
    Int. J. Morphol., 37(3):1095-1100, 2019. Morphological Configuration and Topography of the Brain Arterial Supply of the One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758) Configuración Morfológica y Topografía del Suministro Arterial del Encéfalo del Camello de una Joroba (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758) Hassen Jerbi1; Noelia Vazquez2 & William Pérez2 JERBI, H.; VAZQUEZ, N. & PÉREZ, W. Morphological configuration and topography of the brain arterial supply of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758). Int. J. Morphol., 37(3):1095-1100, 2019. SUMMARY: This study investigated the anatomy of the arteries of the brain, including the arterial circle of the brain, its branches and junctions, in five camel (Camelus dromedarius, Linnaeus 1758) following intravascular injection of colored latex via common carotid artery. The course and distribution of the arterial supply to the brain was described and morphological analysis was made. The basilar artery contributed to the blood supply of the brain in the camel in contrast to the situation in other Artiodactyla order. KEY WORDS: Anatomy; Blood vessels; Camelidae; Circulatory system; Cerebral arterial circle. INTRODUCTION Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis gave the most the cerebral arterial circle (circle of Willis) (Kanan, 1970; Smuts detailed anatomic description of the arterial anastomosis at & Bezuidenhout, 1987; Ocal et al., 1999). the base of the brain, surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid. The arterial anastomotic ring that connects the internal carotid The most detailed description of circulus arteriosus arteries, and vertebrobasilar circulation by communicating cerebri was published by Kanan, but this work don´t showed arteries is called circle arteriosus cerebri. In humans and black photographs and topography by sections of these vessels in bears, blood supply to the brain is provided by two internal relation to the different parts of the head and encephalon.
    [Show full text]
  • Vertebrobasilar Contribution to Cerebral Arterial System of Dromedary Camels (Camelus Dromedarius)
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 11 June 2021 doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.696707 Vertebrobasilar Contribution to Cerebral Arterial System of Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) Ahmad Al Aiyan 1*, Preetha Menon 1, Adnan AlDarwich 1, Moneeb Qablan 1, Maha Hammoud 1, Turke Shawaf 2 and Ken Richardson 3 1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates, 2 Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, 3 College of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia It is hypothesized that in the “more highly evolved” mammals, including the domesticated mammals, that the brainstem and the cerebellum receive arterial blood through the vertebrobasilar system whilst the internal carotid arteries primarily supply the forebrain. Edited by: In camels, the arterial blood supply to the brain differs from that of ruminants since the George M. Strain, internal carotid artery and the rostral epidural rete mirabile (RERM) are both present and Louisiana State University, United States the basilar artery contributes a significant proportion of cerebral afferent blood. In this Reviewed by: study, we described the anatomical distribution of the vertebrobasilar system arterial Michelle Osborn, supply in the dromedary. Secondly, we determined the direction of blood flow within the Louisiana State University, vertebral and basilar arteries using transcranial color doppler ultrasonography. Thirdly, we United States Louis R. Caplan, quantified the percentage arterial contributions of the carotid and vertebrobasilar systems Harvard Medical School, to the dromedary brain. Fifty-five heads of freshly slaughtered male Omani dromedaries United States aged 2–6 years were dissected to determine the distribution and topography of the *Correspondence: Ahmad Al Aiyan arterial distribution to the brain.
    [Show full text]
  • Parts of the Body 1) Head – Caput, Capitus 2) Skull- Cranium Cephalic- Toward the Skull Caudal- Toward the Tail Rostral- Toward the Nose 3) Collum (Pl
    BIO 3330 Advanced Human Cadaver Anatomy Instructor: Dr. Jeff Simpson Department of Biology Metropolitan State College of Denver 1 PARTS OF THE BODY 1) HEAD – CAPUT, CAPITUS 2) SKULL- CRANIUM CEPHALIC- TOWARD THE SKULL CAUDAL- TOWARD THE TAIL ROSTRAL- TOWARD THE NOSE 3) COLLUM (PL. COLLI), CERVIX 4) TRUNK- THORAX, CHEST 5) ABDOMEN- AREA BETWEEN THE DIAPHRAGM AND THE HIP BONES 6) PELVIS- AREA BETWEEN OS COXAS EXTREMITIES -UPPER 1) SHOULDER GIRDLE - SCAPULA, CLAVICLE 2) BRACHIUM - ARM 3) ANTEBRACHIUM -FOREARM 4) CUBITAL FOSSA 6) METACARPALS 7) PHALANGES 2 Lower Extremities Pelvis Os Coxae (2) Inominant Bones Sacrum Coccyx Terms of Position and Direction Anatomical Position Body Erect, head, eyes and toes facing forward. Limbs at side, palms facing forward Anterior-ventral Posterior-dorsal Superficial Deep Internal/external Vertical & horizontal- refer to the body in the standing position Lateral/ medial Superior/inferior Ipsilateral Contralateral Planes of the Body Median-cuts the body into left and right halves Sagittal- parallel to median Frontal (Coronal)- divides the body into front and back halves 3 Horizontal(transverse)- cuts the body into upper and lower portions Positions of the Body Proximal Distal Limbs Radial Ulnar Tibial Fibular Foot Dorsum Plantar Hallicus HAND Dorsum- back of hand Palmar (volar)- palm side Pollicus Index finger Middle finger Ring finger Pinky finger TERMS OF MOVEMENT 1) FLEXION: DECREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 2) EXTENSION: INCREASE ANGLE BETWEEN TWO BONES OF A JOINT 3) ADDUCTION: TOWARDS MIDLINE
    [Show full text]
  • The Common Carotid Artery Arises from the Aortic Arch on the Left Side
    Vascular Anatomy: • The common carotid artery arises from the aortic arch on the left side and from the brachiocephalic trunk on the right side at its bifurcation behind the sternoclavicular joint. The common carotid artery lies in the medial part of the carotid sheath lateral to the larynx and trachea and medial to the internal jugular vein with the vagus nerve in between. The sympathetic trunk is behind the artery and outside the carotid sheath. The artery bifurcates at the level of the greater horn of the hyoid bone (C3 level?). • The external carotid artery at bifurcation lies medial to the internal carotid artery and then runs up anterior to it behind the posterior belly of digastric muscle and behind the stylohyoid muscle. It pierces the deep parotid fascia and within the gland it divides into its terminal branches the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery. As the artery lies in the parotid gland it is separated from the ICA by the deep part of the parotid gland and stypharyngeal muscle, glossopharyngeal nerve and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus. The I JV is lateral to the artery at the origin and becomes posterior near at the base of the skull. • Branches of the ECA: A. From the medial side one branch (ascending pharyngeal artery: gives supply to glomus tumour and petroclival meningiomas) B. From the front three branches (superior thyroid, lingual and facial) C. From the posterior wall (occipital and posterior auricular). Last Page 437 and picture page 463. • The ICA is lateral to ECA at the bifurcation.
    [Show full text]
  • THE SYNDROMES of the ARTERIES of the BRAIN AND, SPINAL CORD Part II by LESLIE G
    I19 Postgrad Med J: first published as 10.1136/pgmj.29.329.119 on 1 March 1953. Downloaded from - N/ THE SYNDROMES OF THE ARTERIES OF THE BRAIN AND, SPINAL CORD Part II By LESLIE G. KILOH, M.D., M.R.C.P., D.P.M. First Assistant in the Joint Department of Psychological Medicine, Royal Victoria Infirmary and University of Durham The Vertebral Artery (See also Cabot, I937; Pines and Gilensky, Each vertebral artery enters the foramen 1930.) magnum in front of the roots of the hypoglossal nerve, inclines forwards and medially to the The Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery anterior aspect of the medulla oblongata and unites The posterior inferior cerebellar artery arises with its fellow at the lower border of the pons to from the vertebral artery at the level of the lower form the basilar artery. border of the inferior olive and winds round the The posterior inferior cerebellar and the medulla oblongata between the roots of the hypo- Protected by copyright. anterior spinal arteries are its principal branches glossal nerve. It passes rostrally behind the root- and it sometimes gives off the posterior spinal lets of the vagus and glossopharyngeal nerves to artery. A few small branches are supplied directly the lower border of the pons, bends backwards and to the medulla oblongata. These are in line below caudally along the inferolateral boundary of the with similar branches of the anterior spinal artery fourth ventricle and finally turns laterally into the and above with the paramedian branches of the vallecula. basilar artery. Branches: From the trunk of the artery, In some cases of apparently typical throm- twigs enter the lateral aspect of the medulla bosis of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, oblongata and supply the region bounded ventrally post-mortem examination has demonstrated oc- by the inferior olive and medially by the hypo- clusion of the entire vertebral artery (e.g., Diggle glossal nucleus-including the nucleus ambiguus, and Stcpford, 1935).
    [Show full text]
  • Arterial Supply of the Trigeminal Ganglion, a Micromorphological Study M
    Folia Morphol. Vol. 79, No. 1, pp. 58–64 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2019.0062 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2020 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 journals.viamedica.pl Arterial supply of the trigeminal ganglion, a micromorphological study M. Ćetković1, B.V. Štimec2, D. Mucić3, A. Dožić3, D. Ćetković3, V. Reçi4, S. Çerkezi4, D. Ćalasan5, M. Milisavljević6, S. Bexheti4 1Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia 2Faculty of Medicine, Teaching Unit, Anatomy Sector, University of Geneva, Switzerland 3Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia 4Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Tetovo, Republic of North Macedonia 5Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia 6Laboratory for Vascular Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia [Received: 13 March 2019; Accepted: 14 May 2019] Background: In this study, we explored the specific microanatomical properties of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) blood supply and its close neurovascular relationships with the surrounding vessels. Possible clinical implications have been discussed. Materials and methods: The internal carotid and maxillary arteries of 25 adult and 4 foetal heads were injected with a 10% mixture of India ink and gelatin, and their TGs subsequently underwent microdissection, observation and morphometry under a stereoscopic microscope. Results: The number of trigeminal arteries varied between 3 and 5 (mean 3.34), originating from 2 or 3 of the following sources: the inferolateral trunk (ILT) (100%), the meningohypophyseal trunk (MHT) (100%), and from the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (92%).
    [Show full text]
  • Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion Using Various Techniques Of
    r Me ula dic sc in a e V & f o S l u a Journal of Vascular r Knap et al., Vasc Med Surg 2016, 4:1 g n r e u r y o DOI: 10.4172/2329-6925.1000241 J ISSN: 2329-6925 Medicine & Surgery Review Article Open Access Treatment of Basilar Artery Occlusion using Various Techniques of Interventional Radiology Daniel Knap1, Tomasz Kirmes2*, Maciej Honkowicz2, Marcin Koroński2, Marzena Kysiak2, Mateusz Bukański2, Natalia Orlecka2 and Jan Baron1 1Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland 2Medical Scientific Society under the Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, Medykow Street 14, 40-752 Katowice, Poland Abstract Basilar Artery Occlusion (BAO) is a rare cause of stroke, occurring in about 1% of all the cases. BAO is characterized by bad prognosis and high death rate, which is about 75-91%. Neurological symptoms which accompany BAO are of large variety. BAO may occur suddenly, with or without previous prodromal symptoms or it may proceed progressively. Basilar artery occlusion always demands quick diagnosis and treatment. We are describing 5 cases of patients with basilar artery occlusion who were subjected to endovascular methods. The patients were treated with different intravascular techniques. Two patients had a stent Solitaire FR inserted, two others were applied targeted thrombolysis, one patient had combined therapy using targeted thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy- Penumbra device. Neurological symptoms were determined by using National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). 60% of patients achieved the result, according to NIHSS, equal 0 or 1 point or improvement of ≥ 10 points, which is defined as neurological state changing for the better as well as the reduction of symptoms.
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Variant Posterior Cerebral Circulation and Its Clinical Relevance
    ogy: iol Cu ys r h re P n t & R y e s Anatomy & Physiology: Current m e o a t r a c n h Sawanth and Rizvi, Anat Physiol 2017, 7:3 A Research ISSN: 2161-0940 DOI: 10.4172/2161-0940.1000264 Research Article Open Access Study of Variant Posterior Cerebral Circulation and its Clinical Relevance Sawant SP* and Rizvi S Department of Anatomy, KJ Somaiya Medical College, Somaiya Ayurvihar, Eastern Express Highway, Sion, Mumbai, India *Corresponding author: Sawanth SP, Department of Anatomy, KJ Somaiya Medical College, Somaiya Ayurvihar, Eastern Express Highway, Sion, Mumbai, India, Tel: +9322061220; E-mail: [email protected] Received Date: April 24, 2017; Accepted Date: May 03, 2017; Published Date: May 10, 2017 Copyright: © 2017 Sawanth SP, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The cerebral blood flow is divided into an anterior circulation and a posterior circulation connected to each other in the form of a circle called Circle of Willis (CW). It is formed by the unification of the internal carotid (ICA) and vertebrobasilar systems Posteriorly, the basilar artery, formed by the left and right vertebral arteries, branches into a left and right posterior cerebral artery (PCA), forming the posterior circulation. The internal carotid system lies anteriorly and is joined to the posterior circulation by posterior communicating (PCoA) arteries. The internal carotid artery divides into anterior and middle cerebral artery.
    [Show full text]