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Pengembangan Pariwisata Alam Kawasan Ciwidey Di Kabupaten Bandung

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Pengembangan Pariwisata Alam Kawasan Ciwidey Di Kabupaten Bandung PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA ALAM KAWASAN CIWIDEY DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG Fatimah Azzahra [email protected] Sujali [email protected] Abstract One area in Bandung regency that has function for tourism is Ciwidey. Its’ tourism potential surely need to be well managed so that all the existed potentials can develop to be better and more sustainable. The attraction that has highest offers potential among the six samples is Kawah Putih, while the lowest is Situ Lembang. The shared problem of those attractions is the lack of accessibility to the attractions areas. The selected development strategies are improving the investment climate, performing maintenance of existing facilities, improving cleanness of areas, adding facilities, doing more massive promotion, repairing main road to the attractions, starting the construction of Soroja toll road, and improving coordination between local government and attractions managers. Keywords: development, tourism, supply Abstrak Salah satu kawasan di Kabupaten Bandung yang berfungsi untuk pariwisata adalah kawasan Ciwidey. Potensi pariwisata yang ada ini tentunya harus dikelola dengan baik agar segala potensi yang telah ada dapat berkembang dengan lebih baik dan berkelanjutan. Objek wisata yang memiliki potensi penawaran yang paling tinggi diantara keenam sampel adalah Kawah Putih sedangkan yang paling rendah adalah Situ Lembang. Permasalahan yang masih menjadi permasalahan bersama adalah terkait aksesibilitas menuju kawasan ini yang dirasa masih kurang. Strategi yang diusulkan adalah meningkatkan iklim investasi, melakukan perawatan terhadap sarana yang telah ada, meningkatkan kebersihan kawasan, menambah fasilitas pendukung yang masih kurang, melakukan promosi yang lebih masif, perbaikan jalan utama menuju kawasan ini, merealisasikan pembangunan tol Soroja, dan meningkatkan koordinasi pemerintah daerah dan pengelola objek wisata. Kata kunci: pengembangan, pariwisata, penawaran 267 daerah tujuan wisata, baik secara PENDAHULUAN lokal, regional atau ruang lingkup Sektor pariwisata merupakan nasional pada suatu negara sangat erat salah satu sektor yang menjadi sumber kaitannya dengan pembangunan devisa Negara. Pariwisata dapat daerah tersebut. Berkembangnya diharapkan menjadi penentu dan pariwisata di suatu daerah akan katalisator untuk mengembangkan mendatangkan banyak manfaat bagi pembangunan sektor lainnya secara masyarakat, yakni secara ekonomis, bertahap (Yoeti, 2000). Dewasa ini, sosial, dan budaya. Namun, jika banyak negara berkembang menaruh pengembangannya tidak dipersiapkan perhatian khusus terhadap industri dan dikelola dengan baik, justru akan pariwisata. Hal ini terlihat dari menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan banyaknya program pengembangan yang menyulitkan atau bahkan kepariwisataan di negara masing- merugikan masyarakat. masing atau dari slogan-slogan yang Berkembangnya suatu kawasan wisata dibuat oleh masing-masing negara, tidak terlepas dari usaha-usaha yang misalnya Malaysia dengan slogannya dilakukan melalui kerjasama para “Malaysia Truly Asia”. Hal ini tentu stakeholder kepariwisataan, mengakibatkan industri pariwisata masyarakat, dan pemerintah. semakin kompetitif sehingga sangat Marpaung (2000, dalam penting untuk merencanakan Widyasmi 2012) menyatakan bahwa: pariwisata agar dapat bersaing dengan “Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam negara-negara lainnya (Faizi Zahari, pengembangan suatu daya tarik wisata 2012). yang potensial harus dilakukan Jika dibandingkan dengan penelitian, inventarisasi dan evaluasi negara-negara di Asia lainnya, sebelum fasilitas wisata pariwisata di Indonesia masih kurang dikembangkan. Hal ini penting agar dilirik sebagai tujuan wisata oleh perkembangan daya tarik wisata yang masyarakat dunia. Padahal jika ada dapat sesuai dengan keinginan dibandingkan, Indonesia memiliki pasar potensial dan untuk menentukan potensi wisata yang jauh lebih besar pengembangan yang tepat dan sesuai” dibandingkan negara lainnya. Salah satu wilayah yang Indonesia yang memiliki kekayaan memiliki daya tarik wisata yang cukup alam dan budaya yang melimpah besar di Provinsi Jawa Barat adalah sebenarnya sangat menjanjikan untuk Kabupaten Bandung. Berdasarkan mendukung keberlangsungan sektor data statistik Jawa Barat Dalam Angka pariwisata. Namun, pada 2010, tercatat bahwa Kabupaten kenyataannya di lapangan, sektor merupakan peringkat ke-6 dalam pariwisata masih belum potensi objek dan daya tarik wisata termaksimalkan dengan baik. dengan jumlah 34 objek wisata. Objek-objek wisata tentunya Bahkan saat ini tercatat bahwa objek harus terus dikembangkan karena wisata di Kabupaten Bandung menjadi pengembangan pariwisata pada suatu 36 objek wisata. Berdasarkan 268 Dokumen Rencana tata Ruang tertentu. Karakteristik tersebut antara Wilayah Kabupaten Bandung 2007- lain : 2027, salah satu kawasan yang a. “Something to see” artinya objek memiliki fungsi kegiatan khusus wisata harus memiliki suatu pariwisata adalah kawasan Ciwidey. atraksi wisata yang bisa dilihat Kawasan Ciwidey ini terdiri dari atau dijadikan tontonan bagi para beberapa kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan wisatawan. Rancabali, Kecamatan Ciwidey, dan b. “Something to do” artinya objek Kecamatan Pasirjambu. Beberapa wisata harus memiliki sesuatu objek wisata yang berada di Kawasan misalnya berupa fasilitas rekreasi Ciwidey diantaranya, Situ Patengan, baik itu arena bermain ataupun Pranatirta Rancabali, Situ Lembang, tempat makan sehingga ada Curug Cisabuk, Taman Wisata Alam sesuatu yang bisa dilakukan oleh Cimanggu, Air Panas Walini, wisatawan. Punceling, Ranca Upas, Wana Wisata c. “Something to buy” artinya objek Gunung Tangsi, Taman Sari Alam, wisata harus menyediakan Kawah Putih, Gunung Padang, fasilitas bagi para wisatawan Gambung, dan Kawah Cibuni. untuk berbelanja terutama barang- Objek-objek wisata dan sarana barang souvenir dan kerajinan wisata yang ada tentunya harus tangan rakyat. dikelola dengan baik agar segala Dalam pengembangan objek potensi wisata yang telah ada dapat wisata hendaknya merancang langkah- berkembang dengan lebih baik dan langkah yang terarah dan terpadu dapat berkelanjutan. Berdasarkan pada terutama terkait pendidikan tenaga uraian yang telah dijelaskan di atas kerja dan perencanaan pengembangan maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah fisik. Keterkaitan antara keduanya : diharapkan membuat pengembangan 1. Mendeskripsikan daya tarik wisata tersebut menjadi realistis dan alam yang terdapat di Kawasan proporsional. Menurut Soekadijo Ciwidey dan persebarannya (1996), sebuah objek wisata yang baik 2. Mendeskripsikan potensi harus dapat menarik wisatawan penawaran yang dimiliki objek sebanyak-banyaknya, menahan wisata alam di Kawasan Ciwidey wisatawan untuk tinggal dalam waktu 3. Menyusun strategi pengembangan yang cukup lama dan memberi objek wisata alam yang mungkin kepuasan kepada wisatawan. dapat dilakukan di Kawasan Menurut Medlik, 1980 (dalam Ciwidey untuk masa yang akan Gautama 2011), ada empat aspek (4A) datang yang harus diperhatikan dalam Menurut Yoeti (1985), terdapat penawaran pariwisata. Aspek-aspek 3 karakteristik utama objek wisata tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: yang harus diperhatikan dalam upaya 1. Attraction (daya tarik); daerah pengembangan suatu objek wisata tujuan wisata (selanjutnya disebut DTW) hendaknya memiliki daya 269 tarik, baik daya tarik berupa alam dalam penelitian ini peneliti maupun masyarakat dan menggunakan aspek penawaran saja budayanya untuk menarik untuk menyusun strategi wisatawan pengembangan. 2. Accesable (dapat dicapai); hal ini bertujuan agar wisatawan METODE PENELITIAN domestik dan mancanegara dapat Pengumpulan data merupakan dengan mudah mencapai tempat langkah yang paling strategis dalam wisata suatu penelitian, bahkan merupakan 3. Amenities (fasilitas); fasilitas suatu keharusan bagi seorang peneliti. merupakan salah satu syarat Hal ini dikarenakan tujuan utama dari daerah tujuan wisata sehingga penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan wisatawan dapat betah tinggal data. Untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih lama di daerah tersebut. diperlukan dalam penelitian ini, maka 4. Ancillary (adanya lembaga peneliti menggunakan beberapa pariwisata); keberadaan lembaga metode dalam proses pengumpulan pariwisata dapat membuat data, yaitu metode dokumentasi, wisatawan merasa lebih aman metode observasi, dan metode (protection of tourism) dan wawancara. terlindungi sehingga akan Berdasarkan data yang semakin sering dikunjungi dan diperoleh dari DISPOPAR Kabupaten dicari wisatawan. Bandung dan hasil survey lapangan Jackson, 1989 (dalam Pitana, didapat bahwa jumlah objek wisata 2005) melihat bahwa faktor penting alam yang terdapat di Kawasan yang menentukan permintaan Ciwidey adalah 14 objek wisata pariwisata berasal dari komponen dengan masing masing 7 (tujuh) objek daerah asal wisatawan antara lain, wisata tirta, 2 (dua) objek wisata jumlah penduduk (population size), minat khusus, dan 5 (lima) objek kemampuan finansial masyarakat wisata panorama. Dilihat dari (financial means), waktu senggang komposisi tersebut maka diambil 3 yang dimiliki (leisure time), sistem (tiga) sampel untuk objek wisata tirta, transportasi, dan sistem pemasaran 1 (satu) sampel untuk objek wisata pariwisata yang ada. Berdasarkan hal minat khusus, dan 2 (dua) untuk objek tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan wisata panorama. Objek wisata yang bahwa aspek permintaan lebih dijadikan sebagai sampel untuk ditentukan oleh faktor-faktor yang mendapatkan data primer terkait aspek terdapat di daerah asal wisatawan penawaran yang dimiliki objek wisata sehingga sifatnya lebih sulit untuk tersebut dianalisis secara deskriptif.
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