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Essai De Modelisation De L'hydrosysteme

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Essai De Modelisation De L'hydrosysteme UNIVERSITE FRANÇOIS RABELAIS TOURS Ecole Doctorale : Santé, Sciences, Technologies Année Universitaire : 2001-2002 THESE POUR OBTENIR LE GRADE DE DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITE DE TOURS Discipline : Sciences de la Vie Spécialité : Ecologie végétale présentée et soutenue publiquement par Thierry CORNIER le 14 mai 2002 LA VEGETATION ALLUVIALE DE LA LOIRE ENTRE LE CHAROLAIS ET L’ANJOU : ESSAI DE MODELISATION DE L’HYDROSYSTEME Tome 2 : Annexes Directeur de thèse : Professeur Jean-Pierre BERTON JURY : BARBERO Marcel, Professeur, Université d’Aix-Marseille III Rapporteur BERTON Jean-Pierre, Professeur, Université de Tours Directeur de thèse CARBIENER Roland, Professeur honoraire, Université de Strasbourg I Président HAURY Jacques, Professeur, Ecole Nationale Agronomique de Rennes Rapporteur SCHNITZLER Annik, Professeur, Université de Metz Codirectrice de thèse Membre invité : MAMAN Lucien, Ingénieur écologue, Agence de l’Eau Loire-Bretagne ANNEXES Annexe 1 : Graphiques de l’évolution de la qualité des eaux de la Loire de la source à l’estuaire Annexe 2 : Quelques genres et groupes d’espèces réputés difficiles dans le contexte ligérien Annexe 3 : Liste des plantes vasculaires du lit de la Loire Annexe 4-A : Caractéristiques des relevés phytoécologiques Annexe 4-B : Fréquence et recouvrement moyen des taxons présents dans les relevés phytoécologiques Annexe 4-C : Tableaux phytoécologiques bruts (par groupes syntaxonomiques) Annexe 5 : Suivi des piézomètres Annexe 6-A : Analyses de substrat : résultats des analyses pratiquées par le Laboratoire de Touraine Annexe 6-B : Caractéristiques du substrat (horizon de surface) de 38 relevés phytoécologiques Annexe 7 : Caractéristiques topographiques, hydrologiques et texturales des relevés phytoécologiques Annexe 8 : Résultats des analyses d’eau Annexe 9-A : Protocole de prise de mesures sur le terrain pour la réalisation des profils architecturaux Annexe 9-B : Données du profil architectural de la forêt de bois tendres de Bréhémont Annexe 9-C : Données du profil architectural de la forêt de bois durs au Bec d’Allier Annexe 9-D : Relevés phytoécologiques du profil architectural de la forêt de bois durs du Bec d’Allier Annexe 10 : Les groupements végétaux du lit de la Loire. Synthèse au niveau de l’association (ou de la sous-association) Annexe 11-A : Caractérisation des taxons en fonction de la fréquence d’inondation (taxons classés par ordre alphabétique) Annexe 11-B : Caractérisation des taxons en fonction de l’éloignement par rapport aux chenaux actifs (taxons classés par ordre alphabétique) Annexe 11-C : Caractérisation des taxons en fonction de la texture superficielle du substrat (taxons classés par ordre alphabétique) Annexe 12 : Liste des espèces inventoriées sur les trois sites principaux Thierry CORNIER – La végétation alluviale de la Loire entre le Charolais et l’Anjou : essai de modélisation de l’hydrosystème ANNEXE 1 Graphiques de l’évolution de la qualité des eaux de la Loire de la source à l’estuaire (source : RNB, Agence de l’Eau Loire-Bretagne, données 1996-2000) chlorophylle a oxygène dissous oxygène dissous et pourcentage de saturation matières en suspension nitrates ammoniaque azote Kjeldahl nitrites orthophosphates sulfates chlorures demande biologique en oxygène à 5 jours demande chimique en oxygène Indice Biologique Global Normalisé Chlorophylle a (mg/m3) 100 150 200 250 300 50 0 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Evolution delateneurenchlorophylleadeseaux delaLoirelesourceàl'estuaire Vorey Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) moyenne Briennon Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat minimum Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien maximum Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois médiane Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire Oxygène dissous (mg/l) 10 12 14 16 18 20 0 2 4 6 8 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Evolution delateneurenoxygènedissousdes eauxdelaLoirelesourceàl'estuaire Vorey Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) moyenne Briennon Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat minimum Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien maximum Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois médiane Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire Oxygène dissous (mg/l) 10 12 14 0 2 4 6 8 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Evolution delateneurenoxygènedissousetdupourcentage desaturationdeseauxlaLoirelesourceàl'estuaire Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Vorey Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) Briennon moyenne O2dissous Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien moyenne %saturation Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Pourcentage de saturation matières en suspension (mg/l) 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 50 0 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Evolution delateneurenmatièressuspension totalesdeseauxdelaLoire(horsestuaire) Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Vorey Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains moyenne Feurs Villerest (pont) Briennon Luneau minimum Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat Decize maximum Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien Châteauneuf/Loire médiane Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Nitrates (mg/l) 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 0 5 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Vorey Beauzac Evolution delateneurennitratesdeseaux laLoiredelesourceàl'estuaire Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) moyenne Briennon Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat minimum Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien maximum Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois médiane Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire Ammonium (mg/l) 10 12 0 2 4 6 8 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Evolution delateneurenammoniaquedeseaux delaLoirelesourceàl'estuaire Vorey Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) moyenne Briennon Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat minimum Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien maximum Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois médiane Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire Orthophosphates (mg/l) 2,5 1,5 0,5 3 2 1 0 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Evolution delateneurenorthoposphatesdes eaux delaLoirelesourceàl'estuaire Vorey Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) moyenne Briennon Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat minimum Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien maximum Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois médiane Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire Sulfates (mg/l) 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Vorey Evolution delateneurensulfatesdeseaux la Loiredelesourceàl'estuaire Beauzac Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert Andrézieux-Bouthéon Veauchette Montrond-les-Bains Feurs Villerest (pont) moyenne Briennon Luneau Lamotte-St-Jean Bourbon-Lancy Cronat minimum Decize Nevers Fourchambault Saint-Saturnin Gien maximum Châteauneuf/Loire Orléans St-Pryvé-St-Mesmin Meung/Loire Muides/Loire Blois médiane Chaumont/Loire Mosnes Amboise Montlouis/Loire Tours Villandry Langeais Chouzé/Loire Montsoreau Saumur La Possonnière St-Géréon Ste-Luce/Loire Rézé Nantes Coueron Cordemais Paimboeuf St-Nazaire Chlorures (mg/l) 100 120 140 160 180 20 40 60 80 0 Ste-Eulalie Salettes Goudet Coubon Brives-Charensac Le Puy-en-Velay Le Puy-en-Velay St-Vincent Vorey Beauzac Evolution delateneurenchloruresdeseaux laLoire(horsestuaire) Bas-en-Basset Malvalette St-Just-St-Rambert
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