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Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh

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Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Contributors and acknowledgements to the report The report – Independent evaluation of community based health services in Bangladesh was produced under the overall direction of Professor Dr Abul Kalam Azad, Director General, Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS), Dr Makhduma Nargis, Vice President, Community Clinic Health Trustee Board and Professor Dr Md Abul Hashem Khan, Line Director, Community Based Health Care (CBHC), DGHS. The concept and design of the report was led by Dr Valeria de Oliveira Cruz and Dr Murad Sultan from WHO Bangladesh with valuable contributions from Tasmia Islam, Ai Tanimizu, Dr Tahnin Nur-A-Tasmin and Inga Williams from WHO Bangladesh and Dr Md Jahangir Rashid, Dr Barendra Nath Mandal, Dr Gita Rani Debi and Dr Farzana Taher Munmun from CBHC, DGHS. The writing team consisted of Marta Medina, Dr Syed Abdul Hamid, Dr A.T.M Iqbal Anwar, Dr Julia Ahmed and Garth Singleton from hera - HAL Consortium (commissioned by WHO Bangladesh). Helpful suggestions and inputs were provided by Dr Touhidul Islam, Md Nuruzzaman, Sangay Wangmo, Mohamed Ismail and Shila Sarkar from WHO Bangladesh and Dr Phyllida Travis, Anjana Bhushan, Lluis Vinals Torres, Klara Tisocki from WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia (SEARO). The layout, cover and creative design was developed by A K M Rahmat Ali Howlader, WHO Bangladesh. The report was edited by Vani Kurup. Suggested citation: Independent evaluation of community-based health services in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Directorate General of Health Services, Community Based Health Care programme and World Health Organization (WHO) Bangladesh; 2019. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. ii Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Message I am very much pleased to know that an independent evaluation on community-based health services commissioned by WHO, has been conducted and a report is ready for publication. In 1998, Bangladesh introduced a well-structured Community Based Health Care programme in the Health, Population Sector Program (HPSP). With a further change in government in 2009, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW) revamped through the project” Revitalization of the Community Health Care Initiative in Bangladesh” (RCHCIB), 2009 - 2016. Community Clinics (CCs) were established in order to extend Primary Health Care (PHC) at “the door steps of rural people” all over the country. Since its inception, having placed great efforts towards the physical expansion of services, the CBHC initiative now seeks to improve the quality of services and its closer alignment with the strategic directions of the health sector in order to establish a more effective and sustainable ‘one stop’ service outlet for the community people of Bangladesh. Indeed, we welcome the effort of dissemination of report for better understanding of the situation for CCs regarding effectiveness in delivery of health services, alignment with policies, community engagement and high esteem patient satisfaction including perspectives of health managers. In the report, various aspects of gaps and issues have been delineated with respect to effectiveness in implementation of essential service package, the readiness of services by which CCs will be able to contribute in achieving universal health coverage with immediate and long-term action plan. Though the report has mentioned administrative and resource constraints for a very extensive assessment to conduct for community clinics, but within a constructive platform, it has described efficiently what needs to be required as usefulness for policy maker and health managers to extract guidance and solutions of various problems and challenges that the evaluation team has assessed and observed. We are very much in debt to WHO and team consisted of reputed experienced international public health expertise and national experts for completing tasks and yielded very encouraging and substantive recommendations as way forward. We are thankful to WHO and all experts and other technical staff involved in this very valuable document preparation for evaluation and also acknowledge experts of various fields of public health including facilities managers, health care providers and community group and support group for making contributions for the publication. Professor Dr. Syed Modasser Ali President Community Clinic Health Support Trustee Board iii Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Message Community-based health care initiative is considered one of the pragmatic strategies in delivering on the promise of universal health coverage (UHC) across the world. Community clinics in Bangladesh, a population based grass-root level health care delivery network- has set up a model of increasing access to basic health care by the rural people specially by the women and the children, with a remarkable improvement in equity. The model envisioned and introduced by Hon'ble Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, long before the launching of SDGs and the target of UHC in 2015 has now become the core element of primary health care system in Bangladesh. This Report is the outcome of an independent assessment of the organization and functioning of the community clinics undertaken with a view to making the system more effective and reaping its full potentials. The assessment followed a structured methodology and tends to make some important findings on the key challenges and impediments in various level of operational management of the system. It has focused on the leadership and governance issues and more importantly, issues related to health workforce, coordination, and rational use of medicines. These are the limitations in primary health care system elsewhere in the developing world, however, analysis of those from different perspectives will hopefully assist to figure out ways to establish linkages across different health interventions for synergetic actions and to optimize limited resources. It will also help in taking a fresh look into the efficiency gains. We are happy to have the findings and recommendations that the team attempted to make through the assessment and evaluation of all secondary data and literature available in the context. I would like to congratulate Team that has carried out the assessment and also like to acknowledge the leadership of CBHC, and technical support of WHO to the whole process. I sincerely hope that the Report will serve an important document for deciding policy options on the further development of Community Clinics in our country. Md Ashadul Islam Secretary Health Services Division Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh iv Independent Evaluation of Community Based Health Services in Bangladesh Message Bangladesh has committed to ensure ‘Health for All’-a declaration of the Alma-Ata made on Primary Health Care (PHC) that unanimously adopted by the member states forty years back. In line with the declaration, Bangladesh cherished to provide the right to access quality healthcare without facing financial hardship to all citizens particularly rural population to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) and Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Under primary health care system, government in 1998 planned to establish 13500 Community Clinics (CC), one CC for around 10,000-12,000 population in rural Bangladesh, a great initiative evolved over the time in public health. This unprecedented initiative was highly welcome by the rural population through community participation which was ensured as CCs were constructed on community donated land. Through geolocations of CCs operating across the country, has been proven to be effective as one stop service delivery point and to provide basic health care to the rural people. I am pleased to know that an independent evaluation has been conducted for primary health services from perspectives of its relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of present structure of community clinics management in health sector, through the involvement of international and national expertise supported by WHO. The report of evaluation is going to be published, has brought various issues in the research and highlighted areas of good works and stories of incurred benefits for the people under primary health care system and value for money in investing such a programme under the sector programme. The report depicted how the community based health care programme was efficient and effective in addressing essential health service aligned and close to the aspiration of population served. We hope we will be able to derive guidance and directions from recommendations enumerated in the report for changing and adopting relevant policy decision to address constraints and challenges in a more pragmatic approach that puts barriers for rural population to enjoy health wellbeing. We are confident that this a credible document and will serve as an instrument in solving many issues that requires immediate and a long-term solution. We are thankful to WHO and all experts and other technical
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