Effectiveness and Sustainability of the Catholic Church’S Environmental Programmes in Chingola District of Zambia
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EFFECTIVENESS AND SUSTAINABILITY OF THE CATHOLIC CHURCH’S ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMMES IN CHINGOLA DISTRICT OF ZAMBIA BY BRIAN KATUNANSA A dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Education (Religious Studies) THE UNIVERSITY OF ZAMBIA LUSAKA 2017 COPYRIGHT All rights reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced, stored in any form or transmitted in any form or by any means without permission from the University of Zambia. © Brian Katunansa, 2017. ii AUTHOR’S DECLARATION iii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL iv DEDICATION I dedicate this work to my late Mother Matilda Chibanda Katunansa for her love and care. I also dedicate it to Loveness and Benedictus who were very supportive during the course of the study. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my sincere gratitude to God for his continued abounding mercy and love he keeps showing in my life. I would also like to thank my supervisor Dr. Tomaida C Milingo for her tireless constructive guidance and encouragements rendered to me throughout the course of this work. I extend my thanks also to the diocesan curia of Catholic Diocese of Ndola for allowing me to carry out my research in their district and for participating in the interviews. I will do myself a disservice if I fail to acknowledge my lecturers at the University of Zambia especially in the Religious Studies Department, Professor Cheyeka, Dr Masaiti and Dr Simuchimba who helped me in many ways throughout my first part of my Masters programme. I cannot forget to appreciate the support I got from the following friends, Mr Ngoma Christopher senior, Mrs Milanzi (Amai Busa), Mulimbika Loveness, Mulenga Benedictus, Kabwe Simeo, Kaunda Godfrey, and Cholwe Katengula, during the course of study. vi ABSTRACT The study investigated the effectiveness and sustainability of the Catholic Church‟s environmental programmes in Chingola district of Zambia. The theory that guided the study was social ecology of Murray Bookchin (1990) which states that environmentalism was a social movement, and the problems it confronts were social problems. It, therefore, recommends that social solutions should be employed to protect the environment. The research design used in the study was a case study. The study employed qualitative approach that used the following research instruments to collect data: interview guides, focus group discussion, observation checklist and documents. The sample size was 28 participants. The following were purposively sampled, 1 diocesan pastoral coordinator, 1 director of Green Life Evolution, 1 Caritas director and 4 parish priests in Chingola district. And the following were randomly sampled for focus group discussions, 7 men, 6 women and 8 youths. Data was analysed according to emerging themes. The findings of the study revealed that, there were Catholic Church‟s programmes in Chingola District that are concerned with environmental protection. However, considering the participants‟ responses, the research found out that the Catholic Church‟s environmental programmes in Chingola District are not very effective. Only few people were aware of the Catholic Church‟s environmental activities. Despite the Church‟s sensitizations, it was revealed that only few people participated in planting of trees and appropriate litter disposal. Sustainability programmes such as monitoring, ongoing sensitization and security were not very effective. Basing on the above findings, it could be concluded that the Catholic Church‟s environmental programmes in Chingola district are not very effective and difficult to sustain. The study recommended that the Catholic Church includes environmental issues in their catechism classes and that sensitization should not only be limited to the Catholic Church members only but work in partnership with other churches for the exercise to have greater impact. There is need for further research on how other religious organisations are contributing to environmental protection in Zambia. Key words: Environmental programmes, Effectiveness, Sustainability. TABLE OF CONTENTS COPYRIGHT .................................................................................................................................. ii vii AUTHOR‟S DECLARATION ...................................................................................................... iii CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL .................................................................................................. iv DEDICATION ................................................................................................................................ v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................................. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................. vii LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... xi LIST OF PICTURES .................................................................................................................... xii LIST OF APPENDICES .............................................................................................................. xiii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ...................................................................................................... xiv CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Statement of the Problem ................................................................................................. 3 1.4 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................................ 3 1.5 Study Objectives .............................................................................................................. 4 1.6 Research Questions .......................................................................................................... 4 1.7 Significance of the Study ................................................................................................. 4 1.8 Scope of the study (Delimitation) .................................................................................... 5 1.9 Limitations ....................................................................................................................... 5 1.10 Theoretical Framework ................................................................................................. 5 1.11 Conceptual Framework ............................................................................................... 6 1.12 Operational Definitions ................................................................................................ 7 1.13 Structure of the Dissertation ......................................................................................... 7 1.14 Summary ....................................................................................................................... 8 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 9 viii LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................ 9 2.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 Environmental and conservation issues in Africa .......................................................... 13 2.4 Sustaining of the environmental activities ..................................................................... 15 2.5 Zambian perspective on the Environment and Religion ................................................ 16 2.6 Environmental Stewardship and Bible ........................................................................... 18 2.7 Caring for the Environment in the Catholic Church`s social Teaching ......................... 18 2.9 Summary ........................................................................................................................ 20 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 22 METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................................ 22 3.2 Research Design ............................................................................................................. 22 3.3 Study Site ....................................................................................................................... 23 3.4 Target Population ..........................................................................................................