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Outcome and Future Perspectives of Pioneering Integrative Medicine American Journal of Educational Research, 2019, Vol. 7, No. 1, 69-75 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/education/7/1/11 Published by Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/education-7-1-11 Outcome and Future Perspectives of Pioneering Integrative Medicine Education in Taibah University: Ten Years' Experience in Saudi Arabia Medical Schools (A Medical Education Article) Osama Hamouda1,2, Mohammad Sweilam3, Antar Abdellah4, Moutasem Salih Aboonq5, Osama Bashir Abdel-Halim6,7, Salah Mohamed El Sayed8,9,*, Ahmed Osama Hamouda10 1Integrative Medicine Course, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Dermatology, Maternity and Children Hospital, Ministry of Health and Assistant professor in Integrative Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, K.S.A 3Department of Statistics, Community College, Taibah University 4Department of Curriculum Studies, College of Education, Taibah University 5Department of Physiology, Taibah College of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia 6Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Al madinah Almonwwarah, Saudi Arabia 7Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516 Egypt 8Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Taibah Faculty of Medicine, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Saudi Arabia 9Department of Medical Biochemistry, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Egypt 10Residency Training Program, Mansoura university hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received November 12, 2018; Revised December 28, 2018; Accepted January 18, 2019 Abstract Background: Patients prefer treatments that are safe, curative and cheap. Integrative medicine (IM) gathers the best of modern medicine and other types of human medicine e.g. prophetic medicine and others. College of Medicine at Taibah University (CMTU, Saudi Arabia) is the first pioneering medical school in Saudi Arabia and the Middle East in introducing IM education. Patients' needs to IM increase in case of treatment failure e.g. cancer patients who can't afford chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Unfortunately, lack of teaching IM at medical schools deprives both physicians and patients from many therapeutic benefits e.g. Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine), nigella sativa and others depriving. Objectives: to investigate medical students' satisfaction with IM medical education for better health benefits. Design: A prospective cross-sectional study. Settings: College of Medicine at Taibah University (CMTU, Saudi Arabia). Subjects and Methods: CMTU introduced IM education in its medical curriculum to enhance patients and physicians medical knowledge. Taking ethical committee approval and agreements of participating students, this study was done in CMTU over the past ten years (2007-2016). 650 students (out of 1000 students) shared in the study questionnaire. Sample size: 650 medical students. Main Outcome Measures: Vast majority of the investigated students (611/650, 94%) were satisfied with IM course. RESULTS: 320 students (49%) considered the IM course to be excellent to very good for both physicians and patients' medical knowledge. 93.8% (610/650) gave a positive evaluation. 55% (360/650) evaluated the course knowledge as good to very good for benefiting patients in the future. 47% (305/650) liked to take IM as a future minor while 38% (247/650) of the investigated students already decided their future IM subspecialties. 91% (591/650) accepted Arabic language (student' mother tongue) to be the main language of studying IM. Conclusion: Teaching IM at CMTU is promising, welcomed by medical students, expected to gain better patients preference and should be generalized in other Saudi and international medical schools. Keywords: integrative medicine, feedback, Taibah University, students' attitudes, medical education Cite This Article: Osama Hamouda, Mohammad Sweilam, Antar Abdellah, Moutasem Salih Aboonq, Osama Bashir Abdel-Halim, Salah Mohamed El Sayed, and Ahmed Osama Hamouda, “Outcome and Future Perspectives of Pioneering Integrative Medicine Education in Taibah University: Ten Years' Experience in Saudi Arabia Medical Schools (A Medical Education Article).” American Journal of Educational Research, vol. 7, no. 1 (2019): 69-75. doi: 10.12691/education-7-1-11. 70 American Journal of Educational Research and medical education of CAM treatments and co-directed two Harvard Medical Schools (HMS) continuous medical 1. Introduction education courses devoted to CAM therapies. Eisenberg co-directed a fellowship training program funded by the Patients are adherent to medical treatments that are national institutes of health (NIH) in CAM at HMS. [9] curative or at least effective, safe and economic. To be Now, Arizona Center for IM at University of Arizona more adherent to physicians' advices, patients' treatments Health Sciences is a leading international research center are better to be given in a pure medical environment under in IM. [10] close medical supervision. When a treatment failure is Our study is a cross-sectional study that was done at the reached where physicians decide that patients should college of medicine of Taibah University (CMTU, Saudi receive no active treatment e.g. surgery or chemotherapy Arabia) over a relatively long period (2007 – 2016). for unfit patients, patients usually seek for a second Our study aimed at evaluating the medical students' opinion and they may ask for medical advices from other future perspective towards including IM remedies in the physicians or from non-medical healers. Here is the major medical curriculum for evaluating the expected patients' problem where non-qualified non-medical personnel may preferences regarding IM. The study included a decide remedies or treatment options for the patients. questionnaire-based approach putting into account that Integrative medicine (IM) is the medical science that physicians' medical education is the cornerstone for future integrates the best of complementary and alternative patients' benefits and compliance. medicine (CAM) practices e.g. prophetic medicine (Arabic medicine), Chinese medicine, Ayurveda (Indian medicine), chiropractic, acupuncture, massage, and 2. Subjects and Methods others with the best of conventional medicine. [1] IM treats the "whole person" and focuses on the wellness and 2.1. Ethics Committee Approval and Consent health rather than on treating a particular disease and to Participate in the Study emphasizes the patient-physician relationship. [2] IM tools include evidence-based conventional (modern) medicine, This cross-sectional study was done over the past ten complementary medicine and nutritional therapy to years (2007-2016) where 650 students (out of 1000 improve life quality. [3] An example of a useful remedy students) shared in it. Ethics committee agreement for that is preferred by many patients in the Arabic world is performing the study was gained from the ethical Al-hijamah (wet cupping therapy of prophetic medicine) committee of CMTU. Joining the study questionnaire was that treats many diseases differing in etiology and pathogenesis a voluntary choice. All participating medical students gave through excreting noxious substances outside the human a written agreement prior to joining the study. Our study body in addition to exerting many other therapeutic benefits. did not contain any individual person's data. [4] So many patients worldwide prefer including Al-hijamah Our study took a relatively long period (from in the medical curriculum for regular practice in outpatient September 2007 till June 2016). IM academic educational clinics and hospitals. [4] IM consultation is more than course was introduced in 30 hours (lecture-based learning) providing reliable information to patients about the proper per year (3rd year medical students) for the first two years use of IM therapies to alleviate disease symptoms. Physicians (2007-2008) then it was reduced later to 15 hours (also should have extensive IM knowledge for addressing the lecture-based learning). In 2016, the medical educational unmet needs of patients e.g. cancer patients. [5] system in CMTU changed to the Manchester medical Historically, the University of Arizona (USA) was educational system (Problem-based learning, PBL). pioneering in introducing CAM and IM academic In the former (lecture-based learning), medical students education where IM lectures were continuously offered received detailed IM lectures where the teaching effort since 1975. [6] To the authors of this article, the main aim done by the teacher was more in explaining IM details of teaching IM in medical schools is to make medical while in the latter (PBL), the educational system had students familiar with IM, which will satisfy the patients' changed completely to be student-centered with decreased needs and attract them for being more compliant and IM details in the lectures. IM course topics usually handle adherent. Otherwise, future physicians may deny IM in the independent themes like: defining IM, development of future and stand against it giving the chance to unqualified sickness, nutritional treatments, balanced diets, macrobiotics, and non-specialist personnel to malpractice IM that may medicinal plants, prophetic medicine, traditional Chinese cause patients harm. IM medical education aims also at
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