DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sephardi in Israel: the Gap; to Be Bridged

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sephardi in Israel: the Gap; to Be Bridged TISHREI, 5739 I OCT. 1978 . VOLUME XIIJ, NUMBER 6 Tl-IE $1.25 The Sephardi in Israel: The Gap; to be Bridged The.Electrical Theory of Prejudice THE JEWISH BSERVER THE JEWISH OBSERVER is pub­ lished monthly, except July and August, by the Agudath Israel of America, 5 Beekman Street, New in this issue ... York, N.Y. 10038. Second class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $9.00 per year; two years, $17.50; three years, $25.00; The Sephardi in Israel: outside of the United States, $9.50 Victim of Privilege and Prejudice per year. Single copy, $1.25. The Gap to be Bridged, Ezriel Tosha vi..................... ... 4 Printed in the U.S.A. The Electrical Theory of Prejudice, Nehama Consuelo Nahmoud ·-···········-························· 7 RABBI NISSON WOLPIN "It is Not Good for Man to be Alone", Editor Nathan A Solomon ........................ --············-··················-10 Missing-A Feeling of Galut, Editorial Board Dr. Shimon Glick ............................................................. 13 DR. ERNST L. BODENHEIMER The American Welcome to the Russian Immigrant Chairman RABBI NA THAN BULMAN "Dobre Pozhalovat", Hanoch Teller .................................. 15 RABBI JOSEPH ELIAS "Simchas Deis Hasho'eiva": The Art JOSEPH FRIEDENSON RABBI MOSHE SHERER of Celebration, Rabbi Avrohom Chaim Feuer ...................... 20 "Ahavas Yisroel"-Love of Your Fellow Jew, in Law and Life (a review article) THE JEWISH OBSERVER does not assume responsibility for the Love Your Neighbor ······························-····················25 Kashrus of any product or service A Tzaddik in Our Time ............................................ --26 advertised in its pages. Book in Review I Ramban: Writings and Discourses .......................................... _........ 29 Copyright 1978 Second Looks OCT., 1978 VOL. XIII, NO. 6 The Spirit of Camp David and the Mattersdorf Mood ........... 31 Typography by Faith and Humility in the Operating Room ......................... 34 SoloGraphic Photocomposition Service Letters to the Editor ................ _........ _..................................... 35 What ls happening to the .. rich, mlllenium~old, heritage of Sephardic Jewry, now that .the.· greatestcon£entration ofSephar4ic Jews lives in Israel? Two views of their condition are presented in these pages: one, an objective view by }O's Israeli coluwinist; the other, a pained outcry by one who .sees herself a victim of prejudice. 3 Ezriel T oshavi The Sephardi in Israel: "The Problem They Don't Talk About"* is one of Ashkenazi-Israeli, representing a goal that could never the most "talked about" but least "done about" issues be realized. As a result, the second-generation Sephardi plaguing IsraeL The Problem?-The social, economic, community in Israel is fragmented and rootless-and and political gaps between the two Israels-that of Jews bitter. of Ashkenazic extraction, and that of Jews of Sephardic While dry facts do not fully convey the full tragedy parentage. of an irreplaceable heritage disappearing into oblivion, Countless studies, surveys, reports, and articles have and the personal loss of religious identity that goes with highlighted these differences, uncovering the obvious: it,** we are opening our discussion with a presentation At the source of the gaps is the traumatic uprooting of of some of the facts and figures of the inequity. hundreds of thousands of people from one particular Approximately 60% of Israel's population is of way of life, placing them into another, radically African-Asian descent-Sephardim. Yet, the under­ different one. Those supervising this change were all privileged classes have a decided preponderance of members of an Ashkenazic (i.e., Northern European) Sephardim, far beyond their share of the population. establishment, and an anti-religious one at that. Sub­ Many of them had been on the lower rungs of the jected to their mercies, the Sephardim were robbed of socio-economic ladders in their countries of origin, but their general Torah heritage, denied the respectabiiity of their specific Sephardic upbringing, and left with *Title of an article by Aharon Megged on inequities between Sephar­ nothing substantial to replace it. The only available dic and Ashkenazic communities in Israel. featured in the Jerusalem role-model in their new settings was the secular Post, early in '77. **The searing pain of being rendered unacceptable-or invisible-can best be understood by reading "The Electrical Theory of Prejudin'," Ezriel Toshavis observes the Israeli scene for the JO readers. by Nehama Consuelo Nahmoud, which follows this article. 4 The Jewish Observer/ October 1978 they might have expected to enfoy the upward mobility Israel's Prime Minister Yitzchak Navon is often cited of living in a free society.This has not been the case. as a prime example of the upward mobility of the Specifically: Sephardim. Navon, however, had not too long ago used About 37.8 per cent of the women and about 23 per the platform of a Jewish Agency conclave to stress the cent of the men of African and Asian origin have less opposite: than a fourth grade education or its equivalent; about After listing positive aspects of Israeli society, 20,000 primary school pupils, who are required by law Yitzhak Navon [commented] ... : "A large part of our to attend an educational institution, are regularly absent population has no part in all these cultural activities. We still have about a quarter of a million illiterates, aged 14 and over. Two thirds of them came from Asia and Africa." Navon pointed to the gap among Jews of Asian and African origin, emphasizing that these Jews still make up only about 11 percent of the university graduates. "Many thousands of young people are neither at school nor at work. There are growing manifestations of violence and corruption. There is a growing tendency to imitate some of the less desirable features of life in Europe and the United States. The information media have shortened time and space and we have absorbed from abroad customs, manners and concepts that are foreign to the authentic spirit of Judaism and incom­ 1948 ... patible with the quality of life that we want to create in and can be found idle or walking about the streets, or this country." being picked up by the police for juvenile offences; "Navon Outlines Israel's Cultural Problems," about 10-15 per cent of the new recruits in the armed Challense, July-August '76. forces are practically illiterate, despite having com­ The long-term results have been the emergence of a pleted eight or 10 years of schooling; and there are en­ restless, angry youth, expressing its frustrations in tire communities, particularly in the development tumultuous demonstrations and violence, such as towns, poor neighborhoods, and immigrant moshavin1 Israel's famous Black Panther riots of the early 70's. where approximately one third of the population is il­ literate. The most alarming fact is that these figures are not based only on the generation of immigrants which came en masse to Israel from the ghettoes and caves of North Africa and had no time to get an education in the ma'abarot. The problem here is "hereditary ignorance" which, like certain illnesses, is passed to succeeding generations. We find parents and children who cannot add a row of figures or write a simple Hebrew sentence. (Jerusalem Post, March, 1977) Yehoshua Gilboa in an article "Israel's Ethnic Gap" featured in Ma' ariv last fall, focused more fully on the educational discrepancy, pointing out that .1978 The Israeli educational system is like a pyramid in Others, in their despair, seek less sensational, but more which the participation of non-European children sordid paths leading them to tragic lives devoid of all decreases as the level of schooling goes up. Thus, while Torah values and basic morality. This is discussed in a at the 9th-grade level no gap is discernible, one of 11 recent article in Ma'ariv, by Yosef Tzuriel, euphe­ percent exists in secondary education as a whole, and mistically called "Wayward Girls": this reaches 24 percent in academic high schools and 35 2,500 or 4,000? percent among the graduates of the latter who are eligi­ About 800 children drop out of the elementary ble to continue on to college. school system each year, about one-third of them are This has ramifications in the socio-economic realms, girls. One estimate is that there are now over 4,000 Gilboa claims, for: lvayward girls in the country, others put the figure at At the very least, a B.A. is now becoming a minimal 2,500. Most are aged between 12 and 17. Almost all are standard at even the intermediate levels in the public of the Asian and African communities. About 80% were and private sectors of the Israel economy. Consequent­ born and grew up in large, poor families. The parents ly, Asians and North Africans are at a great disadvan­ have lost control, the teachers have problems com­ tage in climbing the occupational and social ladders of municating, and the girls generally do not complete our society. their elementary education. The Jewish Observer I October 1978 5 One might expect that communities that are loyal to Torah would not be plagued by dissension between various sub­ groups, and indeed a ray of hope does shine through in yeshiva circles ... but mostly on Ashkenazic terms. school graduates to continue their education in a full­ Other studies have shown the unusually high time format on the Mesivta-high school level. Jn addi­ representation of Sephardi families in sub-standard tion, it is engaged in a deliberate campaign to increase housing in slum areas, the predominance of Sephardic the Sephardic representation in the faculty and super­ youth in illicit narcotic dealings, and a disproportionate visory ranks of the schools. number of Sephardim among Yordim, who are aban­ The June, 1978 statistics tell the current story: Of the doning !srael altogether. 22,955 boys attending grades 1-6, close to 70% are of Attempts at Healing the Breach Sephardic extraction-15,542 as compared to 7.413 Not only those who had been economically disad­ Ashkenazim.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Most Common Jewish First Names in Israel Edwin D
    Names 39.2 (June 1991) Most Common Jewish First Names in Israel Edwin D. Lawson1 Abstract Samples of men's and women's names drawn from English language editions of Israeli telephone directories identify the most common names in current usage. These names, categorized into Biblical, Traditional, Modern Hebrew, and Non-Hebrew groups, indicate that for both men and women over 90 percent come from Hebrew, with the Bible accounting for over 70 percent of the male names and about 40 percent of the female. Pronunciation, meaning, and Bible citation (where appropriate) are given for each name. ***** The State of Israel represents a tremendous opportunity for names research. Immigrants from traditions and cultures as diverse as those of Yemen, India, Russia, and the United States have added their onomastic contributions to the already existing Jewish culture. The observer accustomed to familiar first names of American Jews is initially puzzled by the first names of Israelis. Some of them appear to be biblical, albeit strangely spelled; others appear very different. What are these names and what are their origins? Benzion Kaganoffhas given part of the answer (1-85). He describes the evolution of modern Jewish naming practices and has dealt specifi- cally with the change of names of Israeli immigrants. Many, perhaps most, of the Jews who went to Israel changed or modified either personal or family name or both as part of the formation of a new identity. However, not all immigrants changed their names. Names such as David, Michael, or Jacob required no change since they were already Hebrew names.
    [Show full text]
  • Ou Israel Center - Summer 2019
    5779 - dbhbn ovrct [email protected] 1 sxc HALACHIC AND HASHKAFIC ISSUES IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY 132 - HALACHA AND KABBALA - PART 2 OU ISRAEL CENTER - SUMMER 2019 • In Part 1 we saw how the early Acharonim began to assimilate the Zohar into the halachic process. The positions included: • R’ Elyahu Mizrachi (15C Turkey) - kabbalistic concepts are highly esoteric and, although special individuals are free to adopt them, ordinary people are not required to follow them. • Radvaz (16C Egypt) - kabbalistic practices are acceptable as chumrot, but not where they contradict the Talmud. • Beit Yosef (16C Eretz Yisrael) - incorporates selected halachot of the Zohar into the mainstream halacha. Where the Zohar conflicts with Talmud, the Talmud prevails. However, where the Zohar conflicts with the post-talmudic poskim, the Zohar prevails. • The Rema (16C Poland) - disagrees with the Beit Yosef on the latter point. According to the Rema, the Zohar cannot even override the post-talmudic poskim. • The Maharshal (16C Poland) - is concerned in many cases about the problems of integrating kabbala into halacha. • The Maseit Binyamin (17C Poland) - considers that the Zohar outweighs all the post-Talmudic poskim put together! • R. Ya’akov Emden (18C Germany) - whilst skeptical about the origins of every word of the Zohar, maintains that, although in any dispute between the Zohar and the Bavli we follow the Bavli, where the Bavli is unclear and subject to many interpretations and the Zohar can clarify the position, we are to look to the Zohar. The Zohar should not be rejected in halacha, provided it does not directly contradict the Bavli and we should try wherever possible to reconcile the Zohar and the Bavli.
    [Show full text]
  • Faith Within Reason, and Without Adam Friedmann the Parshah Introduces Us to the He Began to Stray in His Thinking (From Was Never Destined to Have Children
    בס“ד Parshat Lech Lecha 11 Cheshvan, 5777/November 12, 2016 Vol. 8 Num. 10 This issue is sponsored by Jeffrey and Rochel Silver in memory of their dear friend, Moe Litwack z”l Faith Within Reason, and Without Adam Friedmann The parshah introduces us to the he began to stray in his thinking (from was never destined to have children. spiritual greatness of Avraham Avinu the idolatry of his surroundings) while However, Ramban (ibid. 15:2) notes that and recounts many of the trials that he was still small and began thinking part of Avraham’s concern stemmed he faced, as well as several day and night… And his heart strayed from his advanced age. Perhaps he interactions that he had with G-d. and understood until he comprehended didn’t merit the miracle required to have Only in the penultimate encounter, the path of truth and understood the a child at that stage. And yet, G-d which describes the brit bein habetarim route of justice using his correct promises that a direct child of Avraham (covenant between the parts) does intellect. And he knew that there is only will inherit him. It is in this moment Avraham speak. Responding to a one G-d and He conducts the spheres that the rational nature of Avraham’s promise from G-d, “I am your and He created everything, and there faith is challenged. In order to maintain protector, your reward is very isn’t any G-d in existence except Him.” his belief in G-d’s promise, Avraham great” (Bereishit 15:1), Avraham It was based on this awareness and the would need to abandon, at least in this expresses concern about his lack of conviction in the truth of his detail, his rational assumptions and progeny: “My Lord G-d, what can you philosophical analyses that Avraham move forward purely on the basis of his give me? I go childless…” (ibid.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewelbilation at LEAST IT's a WET HEAT
    See Pages 3, 4 & 5 SeeSee Page XX $1.00 WWW.5TJT.COM VOL. 11 NO. 4 30 TISHREI 5771 jb ,arp OCTOBER 8, 2010 INSIDE EXPLORING THE BEGINNING FROM THE EDITOR 5TJT Yeshiva Guide By Renee Jeret 15 BY LARRY GORDON Skate To Lose Weight Believing In Phyllis J. Lubin 25 Bibi Am I Too Fat? Pam Moritz 37 For now the important thing A Parental Roadmap is to get past Barack Obama and Chassia Boczko, Psy.D. 40 company as well as the sway he feels he still maintains over Adam The Fourth events in the Middle East. That R’ Jay Schwartz, LMSW 64 has to be just part of the think- ing as Israeli leaders consider an additional two-month conces- sion in the so-called settlement building freeze. Children at the Hollander Early Childhood Center at Yeshiva of South Shore learn all about Hashem’s amazing creation at their annual Bereishis Exploration Fair. See Page 77 Continued on Page 4 THE BEIN HA’ZMANIM THE LAST WORD HEARD IN THE BAGEL STORE EXPERIENCE BY RAV ARYEH ZEV The Year In Israel, Part 10 GINZBERG Chicagoland Experience B YTALMID X CHOFETZ CHAIM TORAH CENTER BY LARRY GORDON Chicago enjoying the chag from Richard Joel to lead YU How was your flight back? The month of Tishrei is draw- a different vantage point while into 5T’s. See Page 13 Mostly pleasant, maybe a bit of ing to a close. For most of us, it These observations come to celebrating the engagement of turbulence? That’s good to hear.
    [Show full text]
  • Exporting Zionism
    Exporting Zionism: Architectural Modernism in Israeli-African Technical Cooperation, 1958-1973 Ayala Levin Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy under the Executive Committee of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2015 © 2015 Ayala Levin All rights reserved ABSTRACT Exporting Zionism: Architectural Modernism in Israeli-African Technical Cooperation, 1958-1973 Ayala Levin This dissertation explores Israeli architectural and construction aid in the 1960s – “the African decade” – when the majority of sub-Saharan African states gained independence from colonial rule. In the Cold War competition over development, Israel distinguished its aid by alleging a postcolonial status, similar geography, and a shared history of racial oppression to alleviate fears of neocolonial infiltration. I critically examine how Israel presented itself as a model for rapid development more applicable to African states than the West, and how the architects negotiated their professional practice in relation to the Israeli Foreign Ministry agendas, the African commissioners' expectations, and the international disciplinary discourse on modern architecture. I argue that while architectural modernism was promoted in the West as the International Style, Israeli architects translated it to the African context by imbuing it with nation-building qualities such as national cohesion, labor mobilization, skill acquisition and population dispersal. Based on their labor-Zionism settler-colonial experience,
    [Show full text]
  • Fine Judaica, to Be Held May 2Nd, 2013
    F i n e J u d a i C a . printed booKs, manusCripts & autograph Letters including hoLy Land traveL the ColleCtion oF nathan Lewin, esq. K e s t e n b au m & C om pa n y thursday, m ay 2nd, 2013 K est e n bau m & C o m pa ny . Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art A Lot 318 Catalogue of F i n e J u d a i C a . PRINTED BOOK S, MANUSCRIPTS, & AUTOGRAPH LETTERS INCLUDING HOLY L AND TR AVEL THE COllECTION OF NATHAN LEWIN, ESQ. ——— To be Offered for Sale by Auction, Thursday, May 2nd, 2013 at 3:00 pm precisely ——— Viewing Beforehand: Sunday, April 28th - 12:00 pm - 6:00 pm Monday, April 29th - 12:00 pm - 6:00 pm Tuesday, April 30th - 10:00 am - 6:00 pm Wednesday, May 1st - 10:00 am - 6:00 pm No Viewing on the Day of Sale This Sale may be referred to as: “Pisgah” Sale Number Fifty-Eight Illustrated Catalogues: $38 (US) * $45 (Overseas) KestenbauM & CoMpAny Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art . 242 West 30th street, 12th Floor, new york, NY 10001 • tel: 212 366-1197 • Fax: 212 366-1368 e-mail: [email protected] • World Wide Web site: www.Kestenbaum.net K est e n bau m & C o m pa ny . Chairman: Daniel E. Kestenbaum Operations Manager: Jackie S. Insel Client Accounts: S. Rivka Morris Client Relations: Sandra E. Rapoport, Esq. (Consultant) Printed Books & Manuscripts: Rabbi Eliezer Katzman Ceremonial & Graphic Art: Abigail H.
    [Show full text]
  • B”Sd Minhagim of Congregation Tiferes Yisroel As Given
    b”sd Minhagim of Congregation Tiferes Yisroel as given over by Rabbi Menachem Goldberger Rosh HaShanah Elul • The shofar is blown every morning during the month of Elul, beginning with the 1st of Elul, which is the second day of Rosh Chodesh. In our shul, we blow the shofar after Alenu. This is followed by L'Dovid. • In nusach sfard, L'Dovid is said at shacharis and mincha. In nusach ashkenaz, L'Dovid is said at maariv and shacharis. If dovening in a nusach ashkenaz kehilla, you can say L'Dovid quietly at mincha, and repeat it again with the kehilla at maariv. • In general, never make a PUBLIC departure from the tzibur. Slichos • Slichos begin on Motzei Shabbos before Rosh HaShanah, usually about 1 AM (after chatzos). When Rosh HaShanah falls on Tuesday or earlier, slichos begin two shabbosos prior to Rosh HaShanah. Erev Rosh HaShanah • Because we are marbeh b'tachanunim on erev Rosh HaShanah, we begin slichos earlier than on the other days on which we say slichos. • Men should go to the mikveh after chatzos. • Hataras Nedarim -the annulment of vows-should be said before a beis din of three men, after shacharis. A man can have his wife in mind as well, although a woman can do it for herself if she wants to. The beis din requirements for hataras nedarim are not as strict as usual, e.g. a relative can be a member of the beis din. Shofar and Kittel • Men wear a kittel during the day on Rosh HaShanah. At night, only the shaliach tzibur wears a kittel.
    [Show full text]
  • Nachman Ben Simcha, Keren Rabbi Israel Dov Odesser, 2007, 097976551X, 9780979765513
    The Book of Traits (Sefer HaMidot)., Nachman ben Simcha, Keren Rabbi Israel Dov Odesser, 2007, 097976551X, 9780979765513, . DOWNLOAD HERE Rabbi Nachman's Tikkun , Naбёҕman (of Bratslav), Avraham Greenbaum, Avraham Weitzhandler, Nathan Sternharz, 1984, Religion, 240 pages. Depression is one of the greatest problems facing contemporary man. It stems from man's abuse of his God-given powers. The Ten Psalms making up Rebbe Nachman's Tikkun -- a .... Liбёіuṕe Moharan, Volume 6 , Naбёҕman (of Bratslav), Chaim Kramer, 1999, Religion, 433 pages. Inner Rhythms The Kabbalah of Music, DovBer Pinson, 2000, Music, 179 pages. What is Jewish Music? What makes a song "sound Jewish?" What is the place of music in Jewish history and philosophy? The author writes, "What is known to us as Jewish music is .... Breslov (also Bratslav, also spelled Breslev) is a branch of Hasidic Judaism founded by Rebbe Nachman of Breslov (1772–1810) a great-grandson of the Baal Shem Tov, founder of Hasidism. Its adherents strive to develop an intense, joyous relationship with God and receive guidance toward this goal from the teachings of Rebbe Nachman. The movement has had no central, living leader for the past 200 years, as Rebbe Nachman did not designate a successor. As such, they are sometimes referred to as the טויטע חסידיו (the "Dead Hasidim"), since they have never had another formal Rebbe since Nachman's death. However, certain groups and communities under the Breslov banner refer to their leaders as "Rebbe". The movement weathered strong opposition from virtually all other Hasidic movements in Ukraine throughout the nineteenth century, yet at the same time experienced tremendous growth in numbers of followers from Ukraine, White Russia, Lithuania and Poland.
    [Show full text]
  • CHANGING MINDS Feminism in Contemporary Orthodox Jewish Life
    CHANGING MINDS Feminism in Contemporary Orthodox Jewish Life Sylvia Barack Fishman THE WILLIAM PETSCHEK NATIONAL JEWISH FAMILY CENTER OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE The American Jewish Committee protects the rights and freedoms of Jews the world over; combats bigotry and anti-Semitism and promotes human rights for all; works for the security of Israel and deepened understanding between Americans and Israelis; advocates public policy positions rooted in American democratic values and the perspectives of the Jewish heritage; and enhances the creative vitality of the Jewish people. Founded in 1906, it is the pioneer human-relations agency in the United States. CHANGING MINDS Feminism in Contemporary Orthodox Jewish Life Sylvia Barack Fishman Sylvia Barack Fishman, Ph.D., is co-director of the Hadassah International Research Institute on Jewish Women and a professor in the Near Eastern and Judaic Studies Department, both at Brandeis University. Her most recent book is Jewish Life and American Culture (2000). Publication of this study was made possible in part by a grant from the Barbara and Saul Mirowitz Fund. CONTENTS Foreword V Acknowledgments vii Introduction I Studying Feminism and Orthodox Jewish Life 1 Methodology 5 Women ,s Issues and the Halakhic Continuum 8 1. The World of the Word 13 Girls' and Women's Text Study 13 Women as Scholars and Credentialed Leaders 21 The Feminist Theological Challenge 26 2. Transformations in Family Life 29 3. Women and Public Judaism 35 Jewish Organizations 35 Women's Prayer Groups as Catalysts 38 Celebration of Women's Lives 40 The Symbolism of Women andKaddish 43 # 4. Problems and Divisions 46 Neither Seen Nor Heard: Synagogue Architecture, Kol Isha, and the Silencing of Women 46 The Politicization of Women's Issues 52 Orthodox Women Who Reject Orthodox Feminism 57 Confronting Agunot, Abusive Spouses, and Social Problems 60 Motivations and Slippery Slopes 65 ;V * Contents 5.
    [Show full text]
  • MINYANIM: BULGARIA Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews
    MI NY ANIM: BULGARIA Sephardic and Ashkenazic Jews By: Elisheva Kupferman; Conceptual Creator: Esti Moskovitz-Kalman 1. Introduction: Jewish culture developed throughout history and around the world. While Jewish people from all over the world share commonalities that unify them, each world Jewish community also incubated its own art, music, liturgy, and customs that is unique to them. And though each distinct community or locale boasts their own traditions, the broadest divide in customs is between the “Sephardic” and “Ashkenazic” communities. The term “Sephardim” refers to the Jewish communities that descended from Jews who lived in Spain and Portugal Before the Spanish Inquisition. More commonly, however, the term “Sephardim” is used in a wider sense to include most Jews of Asian and African origin, who use a Sephardic style of liturgy. Sephardim traditionally pray using Minhag Sefarad , which is quite similar to Nusach Edot haMizrach (liturgy of the Eastern Congregations). The term “Ashkenazim” refers to Jews descended from the medieval Jewish communities along the Rhine in Germany from Alsace in the south to the Rhineland in the north. Though Ashkenazim are literally "German Jews," the term now refers to all Jews from who identify with these traditions, though they span Western, Central, and Eastern European descent. Most Jews from Europe identify as Ashkenazi, with the noted exception of communities near the Mediterranean. The Jewish community of Bulgaria dates back to antiquity, and is made up of both Sephardic Jews (who traditionally spoke Ladino), as well as Ashkenazic Jews. As such, it is fitting that as a local Bulgarian group of Jewish leaders, you would choose to take a deeper look into the ways in which both communities differ, and where they might connect.
    [Show full text]
  • צב | עב January Tevet | Sh’Vat Capricorn Saturn | Aquarius Saturn
    צב | עב January Tevet | Sh’vat Capricorn Saturn | Aquarius Saturn Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday 1 | 17th of Tevet* 2 | 18th of Tevet* New Year’s Day Parashat Vayechi Abraham Moshe Hillel Rabbi Tzvi Elimelech of Dinov Rabbi Salman Mutzfi Rabbi Huna bar Mar Zutra & Rabbi Rabbi Yaakov Krantz Mesharshya bar Pakod Rabbi Moshe Kalfon Ha-Cohen of Jerba 3 | 19th of Tevet * 4* | 20th of Tevet 5 | 21st of Tevet * 6 | 22nd of Tevet* 7 | 23rd of Tevet* 8 | 24th of Tevet* 9 | 25th of Tevet* Parashat Shemot Rabbi Menchachem Mendel Yosef Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon Rabbi Leib Mochiach of Polnoi Rabbi Hillel ben Naphtali Zevi Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi Rabbi Yaakov Abuchatzeira Rabbi Yisrael Dov of Vilednik Rabbi Schulem Moshkovitz Rabbi Naphtali Cohen Miriam Mizrachi Rabbi Shmuel Bornsztain Rabbi Eliyahu Eliezer Dessler 10 | 26th of Tevet* 11 | 27th of Tevet* 12 | 28th of Tevet* 13* | 29th of Tevet 14* | 1st of Sh’vat 15* | 2nd of Sh’vat 16 | 3rd of Sh’vat* Rosh Chodesh Sh’vat Parashat Vaera Rabbeinu Avraham bar Dovid mi Rabbi Shimshon Raphael Hirsch HaRav Yitzhak Kaduri Rabbi Meshulam Zusha of Anipoli Posquires Rabbi Yehoshua Yehuda Leib Diskin Rabbi Menahem Mendel ben Rabbi Shlomo Leib Brevda Rabbi Eliyahu Moshe Panigel Abraham Krochmal Rabbi Aryeh Leib Malin 17* | 4th of Sh’vat 18 | 5th of Sh’vat* 19 | 6th of Sh’vat* 20 | 7th of Sh’vat* 21 | 8th of Sh’vat* 22 | 9th of Sh’vat* 23* | 10th of Sh’vat* Parashat Bo Rabbi Yisrael Abuchatzeirah Rabbi Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter Rabbi Chaim Tzvi Teitelbaum Rabbi Nathan David Rabinowitz
    [Show full text]
  • Fine Judaica
    t K ESTENBAUM FINE JUDAICA . & C PRINTED BOOKS, MANUSCRIPTS, GRAPHIC & CEREMONIAL ART OMPANY F INE J UDAICA : P RINTED B OOKS , M ANUSCRIPTS , G RAPHIC & C & EREMONIAL A RT • T HURSDAY , N OVEMBER 12 TH , 2020 K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY THURSDAY, NOV EMBER 12TH 2020 K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY . Auctioneers of Rare Books, Manuscripts and Fine Art Lot 115 Catalogue of FINE JUDAICA . Printed Books, Manuscripts, Graphic & Ceremonial Art Featuring Distinguished Chassidic & Rabbinic Autograph Letters ❧ Significant Americana from the Collection of a Gentleman, including Colonial-era Manuscripts ❧ To be Offered for Sale by Auction, Thursday, 12th November, 2020 at 1:00 pm precisely This auction will be conducted only via online bidding through Bidspirit or Live Auctioneers, and by pre-arranged telephone or absentee bids. See our website to register (mandatory). Exhibition is by Appointment ONLY. This Sale may be referred to as: “Shinov” Sale Number Ninety-One . KESTENBAUM & COMPANY The Brooklyn Navy Yard Building 77, Suite 1108 141 Flushing Avenue Brooklyn, NY 11205 Tel: 212 366-1197 • Fax: 212 366-1368 www.Kestenbaum.net K ESTENBAUM & C OMPANY . Chairman: Daniel E. Kestenbaum Operations Manager: Zushye L.J. Kestenbaum Client Relations: Sandra E. Rapoport, Esq. Judaica & Hebraica: Rabbi Eliezer Katzman Shimon Steinmetz (consultant) Fine Musical Instruments (Specialist): David Bonsey Israel Office: Massye H. Kestenbaum ❧ Order of Sale Manuscripts: Lot 1-17 Autograph Letters: Lot 18 - 112 American-Judaica: Lot 113 - 143 Printed Books: Lot 144 - 194 Graphic Art: Lot 195-210 Ceremonial Objects: Lot 211 - End of Sale Front Cover Illustration: See Lot 96 Back Cover Illustration: See Lot 4 List of prices realized will be posted on our website following the sale www.kestenbaum.net — M ANUSCRIPTS — 1 (BIBLE).
    [Show full text]