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Pharmacological Activity Investigation of Persicaria Glabra

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Pharmacological Activity Investigation of Persicaria Glabra International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research ISSN: 2456-0421; Impact Factor: RJIF 5.32 Received: 04-02-2019; Accepted: 06-03-2019 www.allscientificjournal.com Volume 4; Issue 3; May 2019; Page No. 09-13 Pharmacological Activity Investigation of Persicaria glabra Mahbuba Mohoshina Runa1, Amina Ferdous Proma2, Rafiqul Hasan Khan3, Nura Ahmed4, Shakera Islam Keya5, Monika Nasrin6 1-6 Department of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh Abstract Persicaria glabra plant extract used to assess its different biological activity. Extract was made by soaking the dried plant powder in methanol. After comparing with the standard we found that Methanol extract of the sample gave the activity against all the experimented microbes of ZI (zone of inhibition) against E.coli and B.subtilis. After performing the antioxidant, thrombolytic, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic and cytotoxic activity assay of methanol extract of sample plant we saw that it has a good biological activity that can be used as a potential traditional medicine. Keywords: Persicaria glabra, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrheal, hypoglycemic, thrombolytic activity Introduction Moreover, colic pain can be relieved by using infusion of Uses of plants with therapeutic values for treating different leaves [1]. types of infections and diseases are carried out from very ancient times all over the world [1]. Plants that are used in Methods and Materials herbalism and have some medicinal activities are known as Collection of plant materials medicinal plants [5]. Bangladesh has very rich in Bio- The leaf part of Persicaria glabra plant was collected in diversity consists of more than 500 medicinal plants species May, 2017 from Chittagong hill tract. After collection, the [1]. Traditional medicine is still the mainstay of health-care National Herbarium Bangladesh (NHB), Mirpur, and Dhaka in many developing countries, and most of the drugs and authenticated the plant material and provided a plant cures used come from plants. Moreover, in some developed identification number, which was 45023. countries, the raw materials of essential drugs are extracted from medicinal plants for manufacturing due to having Preparation of the extract some natural properties of healing [1]. To treat mild to At first, the leaves part was washed with fresh water to moderate depression over 70% of German physicians remove the unwanted dust particles and plant scrap. After prescribe herbs, and St. John’s Wort is more commonly that, the cleaned leaves were dried under the sun for a day. used than any chemical medicine [4]. Moreover, some plants Then the leaves were again dried for 1 hour at 30-40◦C in consider as important source of nutrition and as a result of hot air oven. By using a high capacity grinding machine, the that these plants recommended for their therapeutic values dry and crusty leaves were ground. After that, at a normal [5]. ambient temperature (22-25◦C) around 900 g of ground Researchers are doing several investigations on the activities powder was soaked in 2.5 L of methanol for a period of 2 of Persicaria glabra which belongs to the family of days with occasional stirring. With the help of cotton filter polygonaceae. Bengali name of this plant is Bihagni, Sada (pore size: 110mm) filtration was done and rotary kukri. A number of biologically active terpinoids and evaporator was used at 100 rpm at 30◦C to evaporate the flavones are found in aerial parts of the plant. Leaves, maximum amount of solvent. For vaporizing the solvent flowers, stems, seeds of the plant contain some other completely from the extract, the leaf extract was kept under important substances to be used in different purposes. laminar airflow cabinet. Moreover, it was used to avoid any Leaves of the plant are consisting of quercetin, quercitrin, possibility of microbial growth in the extract while drying. flavonoids, rhamnetin and rutin. Flowers consist of Finally, 22.4 g of plant leaf extract was obtained and kept in pigments, cyanidin-3, 5-diglucoside, quercetin and dry and cool place and proper labeling was done. After that, delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside. Stem and seeds consist of this extract was used to conduct antioxidant, brine shrimp protocatechuic and coumaric acids, vanillic, p- lethality assay, thrombolytic, antidiabetic, antimicrobial and hydroxybenzoic, hyperin. Kaempferol and quercetin [3]. The hypoglycemic studies. methanolic extract of the leaves shows the presence of a pure nthelmintic and molluscicidal terpenoid substance Chemicals (PGA) [3]. The chemicals were gallic acid [Sigma-Aldrich, USA], The plant Persicaria glabra is already used as traditional sodium chloride [Sigma-Aldrich, USA], Folin-Ciocalteu medicines in different places. Juice of this herb is used to reagent [Sigma-Aldrich, USA], vincristine sulphate [Sigma- reduce pain as analgesic agent in Sylhet. Besides, leaf paste Aldrich, USA], 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of this plant used as anti-cancer agent in the Chittagong Hill [Sigma-Aldrich, USA]., sodium carbonate [Merck, India] tracts [2]. Fever can also be reduced using juice of this herb and ascorbic acid (ASA) [Merck, India], dimethyl sulfoxide though fresh juice of leaves possesses poisonous properties. (DMSO) [Fisher Scientific, UK]. Castor oil (WELL’s Heath 9 International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research Care, Spain), 0.9% sodium chloride solution (normal saline) hours at room temperature. At the last, after 24 hours, the (Orion Infusions Ltd., Bangladesh), charcoal meal (10% survived nauplii were counted. Percentage (%) of mortality activated charcoal in 5% gum acacia), and loperamide was calculated by using the following equation: (Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bangladesh) were used for Percentage of mortality= (Number of nauplii taken - antidiarrheal activity test, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) Number of nauplii alive)/ Number of nauplii taken ×100 (Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and sodium chloride (Sigma) were 50% of lethal concentration of extract concentration was used for cytotoxic activity test. All the chemicals used in calculated from the graph plotted percentage of mortality this study were of analytical grade. against concentration. Anti-oxidant activity Thrombolytic activity Total phenolic content (TPC) The normal blood flow to the cells and tissues can be The phenols were oxidized by Folin-Ciocalteu in ionic hampered due to thrombus as it blocks the blood vessel phenolic solution. When the solution became yellow to dark which can lead to lack of blood and oxygen. There are some blue, it is understood that the oxidation has been completed. thrombolytic medications like utokinase, clopifogrel, and After that, this color changed mixture measured in 760 nm streptokinase remove this thrombus and cells and tissues are in UV spectrophotometer. Finally, the value of the remained in normal conditions. For this assay, fresh human absorbance plotted in gallic acid calibration curve and data blood was collected. Then, they were taken in three different was evaluated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). pre-weighed sterile microbes and incubated for 45 minutes at 37°C. The upper fluid was entirely dispensed from all Total Flavonoid content micro-tube lines when the clot was appeared. As a standard Aluminum chloride was used to determine the total amount streptokinase was used and as a negative control distilled, of flavonoids. Firstly, 0.5 ml of plant extract was made the water was used. 100 microliter of plant extract was taken in final volume of 1 ml for reaction medium each tube and incubated for 90 minutes at 37°C. Next, liquid (MeOH/H₂O/CH₃COOH=14:5:1) which was then mixed that was released from the clot was removed and the tubes with Aluminum chloride reagent (4 ml, 133 mg of AlCl₃ × 6 were weighted again to observe the weight difference when H₂O and 400 mg of CH₃COONa dissolved in 100 ml H₂O). the clot disruption occurred. After 5 minute, the absorbance was measured at 430 nm. Percentage of clot lysis was calculated by following Based on the calibration curve, total flavonoid content was equation: calculated and it was expressed as gram equivalents. (%) of clot lysis = (released clot weighted) / (clot weight DPPH free radical scavenging assay after clot disruption) ×100 The antioxidant activity of Persicaria glabra was determined by performing DPPH free radical scavenging Antimicrobial assay assay. To run this assay, different concentrations of plant Disc Diffusion Assay Method extracts were mixed with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl In recent years, different studies are developing as (DPHH) solution. In methanol or aqueous solution, free antimicrobial agents to fight antibiotics resistance from radicals were generated due to delocalization of the free different sources and highest concentration has given to electrons and a deep purple colored solution is produced. screen and evaluate the antimicrobial activity. By using disc Then absorbance of different concentration solutions was diffusion assay method, antimicrobial activity of Persicaria measured at 517 nm in UV spectrophotometer. The glabra was evaluated. E. coli bacteria (gram negative) and decreasing value of DPHH at 517 nm is directly Bacillus Subtilis bacteria (gram positive) were used in this proportional to the radical scavenging activity. study. Mular Hinton agar (MHA) was used as media in this Percentage of inhibition of DPHH free radical (1%) was assay. Firstly, every petri dish was autoclaved for calculated by using the following equation: sterilization and 20 ml of MHA was poured in every petri dish. After that, the plates were kept for a time being to be (1%) = (Absorbance of blank - Absorbance of settled. With the help of cotton swab, the nutrient broth of sample)/Absorbance of blank ×100 bacterial strains was incubated in MHA. Small disc of filter paper was made by using paper punch machine and then 50% of inhibition of the extract concentration was different concentrations of plant extract (200 mg/mL and calculated from the graph and the percentage of inhibition 400 mg/mL) were used to swallow that filter paper. When was plotted against extract concentration.
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