JAC : A Journal Of Composition Theory ISSN : 0731-6755

Unsystematic Urban Land Use and Water Logging Problems along Maniktala Cannel and Adjoining Areas of Kolkata - Analysis with the Help of GIS Evidence

Soma Mukhopadhyay Research Scholar, Dept. of. Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India.

Dr.Harsha Kumar Das Gupta Research Guide, Dept. of. Geography, C.M.J. University, Jorabat, Meghalaya, India.

Abstract: Water logging is a common problem in Kolkata. If we observe will find many placeless in the often logged by water during rain in the city. Due to the extension of satellite town in wet land facing more problem. In fact Kolkata established with a combination three villages. Those has been gradually enlarged and become a city first. Then become a metropolitan area. In new concept the rapid increase population the adjoining areas (Previously back wash of Bay of Bengal) Chosen for urban locations. Maniktala canal adjoining face water logging every year & pollute the locality. To mitigate the regular problems, some recommendations are been proposed for consideration. Keywords: Water logging Problems,Maniktala Cannel and Adjoining Areas of Kolkata, GIS Evidence,

Introduction After the partition of India, Bengal divided in two parts. Due to the influx of refugees from East Pakistan Kolkata suddenly become over crowded. The accommodate refugees Indian administration dispersed refugees in different parts of India, like Orissa, Madhya prudish, Bihar, Andaman etc. But the return back of many, gradually concentrated in West Bengal. As to provide shelter the wetland was converted to accommodate the refugees of East Pakistan.

Study area The intersection of Vivekananda Road (Maniktala Main Road) and Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road (Upper Circular Road) crossing is namely as Maniktala crossing — two main thoroughfares in North Kolkata. One of the important streets of North Kolkata originates from Maniktala is Beadon Street (Dani Ghosh Sarani / Abhedananda Road), ending in NimtalaGhat. Amherst Street also starts nearby (Chaltabagan) AurobindoSarani crosses APC Road at Khanna crossing, Maniktala. Maniktala crossing connects Shyambazar, Kankurgachi, Rajabazar and Girish Park to Maniktala.

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Methodology Assessment of physical input & output are the most essential matter on any analytical landscape. For the assessment satellite imagery, have been used from Land sat both DEM & MS in FCC .Use of GIS software Global mapper & Arc GIS. Secondary data of municipally. Note Cam Apps etc. As to the constructions for urbanization the landscape has changed in year to year. The evidences are almost foolproof on data structure.

Problem For the unsystematic urban land use created the problem. To accommodate the influx of refugees from East Pakistan, The over whelming influx suddenly increase of population of West Bengal. To accommodate those people government was forced to change the land character. Installing a pumping station at UTTARBHAG of South 24 Parganas .To evacuates the backwash water from the wetland & marshy areas. Prior to proper reclamation of land people encroached the wetland for their accommodations and live hood from farming in marshy lowlands. Maniktala canal actually was one of the distributaries of Hooghly River. People have taken it as the disposal of solid & liquid waste drain of Kolkata. Gradually the fisheries in low wetland mostly destroyed. More over construction of avenues, Extension Railway stations & yards, Bypass, big housing estates. Solid waste dumping ground. Building of big Sports stadium. Hospitals, Many star hotels, corporate sectors, film studios, water sports, shopping mall, IT corporate buildings etc. make the wet land as congested urban place. Without any concept change of land slope for constructions are still going on. For the

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aforesaid reason logging of water is a common issue everywhere along Maniktala canal. From the satellite imagery the evidences are as follows:- The simulated water stagnation in study area at 3mm rain fall.

Water-shade zone around Maniktala canal. Where old channels were ignored of water outlet. Ignoring of land elevation various constructions created the problems of water outlets more critical.

Flow directions are interrupted for human cultural activities. More over various political & social issues made the area as half urban & half rural situation. I poetic sense the wetland is in a confused condition in Bengali (THATAMOTO) situation. For the reason flow direction mainly at east, but according to topography it should be at south east. It is the reason of our irresponsible activity. We have made the Maniktala canal as the place of the disposal of solid wastes.

The MS imagery dated 30 th Jan, 2016 RGB 123, Infrequency FCC, indicating that along the Maniktala Cannel in much location the normal flow obstructed for the encroachments of

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slums. It has been the common feature along the Maniktala cannel. No administrative step not yet taken by administration

It has been the common feature along the Maniktala cannel. No administrative step yet taken by administration.

LIST OF PUMPING STATIONS SL NAME OF THE NO OF NO PUMPING STATIONS PUMPS Maniktala Drainage Ps 05 Belgachia 02 Beerpara (Old Station 02 Beerpara (New Station) 06 Ultadanga Siphon 01 Maniktala Siphon 01 Marcus Square DPS 02 PS-II (KP Singh Road) 04 PS-III (14/4, BT Road) 04 Bangur MPS 05 Duttabagan (Old Station) 06 Duttabagan (New Station) 06 Cossipore 03 R.K Ghosh Road 03 Jagannathghat 04 Dhapa Lock Drainage PS 09 Topsia DPS 07 Ultadanga DPS 11

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Kamdahari MPS 12 Ultadanga Underpass PS 02 Ultadanga Storm PS 03 Patuli 05 Maniktala Underpass 02 Hatisur 05 Topsia Point 'A 07 ChakGaria 06 Baghajatin (PS1 03 Jora Bridge (PS2) 06 Rajdanga (PS3) 06 Nonadanga (PS4) 06 Ambedkar Bridge 08 Kasba 05 EE-1 Minor 06 Chowlpatty 05

Recommendations a) Diagnostic survey for effective alternative plan b) Comprehensive survey on source of problems c) Analysis of physiographic limitations, like to assess the old ridge lines water outlet, alternative strategies, & imitative methods. d) To assess of urbanization process & its relation with hydrological routing. e) Re-evaluation of unit graph of Maniktala cannel. f) Waste water & Storm water management strategies g) Construction of proper quality guard walls, according to needs.

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h) Peoples participation, i) Selection of proper site for settlement j) Purpose oriented land use planning. k) Improvement of sewerage network

Conclusion The pumping stations to clear the storm water are not adequate. Many of those left idle throughout the ideal. People should be more aware on neatness. Without their active participation nothing will be solved. Modern methods of urban land use planning should be followed. People should aware of waste disposal. Unauthorized blocking of canal is also harmful to them, they should be aware of it. NGO’s may be promoted for publicity on the importance of the cannel, and also its role on biodiversity & Ecology. Various projects have been taken up by both central& state government. Those plans should be properly implemented.

Reference 1. Dunne, T. and Leopold L.B. 1978. Water in environment planning, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco. 2. Horton, R.E. 1993, the role of infiltration in Hydrological cycle Transaction. American Geophysical union V14 PP 446-460. 3. Horton R. E. 1945, Erosional development of stream & their drainage, hydro physical approach to quantitative morphology. Bulletin V 1991, Geological society of America V 56 PP 275- 370 4. Todd, D.K. 1980 Ground water hydrology. John Wiley & sons, New York PP 107- 180 5. National Institute of Hydrology 1989, Influence or deforestation & a forestation. On various hydrological parameters. National institute of hydrology. Roorkee. India 6. Singh V.P. Elementary Hydrology Prentice Hall Inc 1992. PP 64- 88 7. Krishnan M.S. Geology of India and Burma 6 th ed 2009 CBS Publishers & Distributer Pvt. Ltd. PP 24- 56, 138-151 341- 3563) 8. University of Calcutta Monograph –1(2008) Dept. of Geography, PP 45- 47, 96- 102 9. Mukhopadhyay S.C. (2008) Hydro morphological problems and River Basin Management of west Bengal; Indian journal of landscape system and Ecological studies, Kolkata pp 284- 296 10. 10) Krishnan. M. R. Geology of India &Burmah, 6 th edn. 2008 CBS Publishers & Distributor Pvt. Ltd, PP 218- 222. 431-432. 252- 253. 11. Cotton, H.E.A., Calcutta Old and New, first published 1909/reprint 1980, Page 800, General Printers and Publishers Pvt. Ltd

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12. Chaudhuri, Sukanta, "Traffic and Transport in Calcutta", in "Calcutta, The Living City" Vol II, edited by SukantaChaudhuri, Page 155, First published 1990, 2005 edition, ISBN 0-19-563697-X 13. "Primary Hats/ Markets of District" . Markets in Brief - Kolkata. West Bengal State Marketing Board. Archived from the original on 2 April 2018 . Retrieved 11 April 2018 .

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