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Some Known Species of the Genera Mononchus Bastian, 1865 and Mylonchulus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953 (Nematoda: Mononchina) from Semnan Province, Iran

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Some Known Species of the Genera Mononchus Bastian, 1865 and Mylonchulus (Cobb, 1916) Altherr, 1953 (Nematoda: Mononchina) from Semnan Province, Iran 04 Farahmand_145 30-12-2009 9:21 Pagina 145 Nematol. medit. (2009), 37: 145-154 145 SOME KNOWN SPECIES OF THE GENERA MONONCHUS BASTIAN, 1865 AND MYLONCHULUS (COBB, 1916) ALTHERR, 1953 (NEMATODA: MONONCHINA) FROM SEMNAN PROVINCE, IRAN S. Farahmand2, A. Eskandari1,5, L. Orselli3 and A. Karegar4 2Department of Plant Pathology, Islamic Azad University, Damghan Branch, Damghan, Iran, 3Dipartimento di Biologia Animale, Università di Catania, Via Androne 81, 95124 Catania, Italy 4Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran 5Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, P.O. Box 313, Iran Summary. Six known species of mononchids belonging to the genera Mononchus Bastian, 1865 and Mylonchulus (Cobb, 1916) Al- therr, 1953 are described from Iran, viz. Mononchus aquaticus Coetzee, 1968; M. pulcher Andrássy, 1993; M. truncatus Bastian, 1865; Mylonchulus brachyuris (Bütschli, 1873) Altherr, 1953; M. paitensis Yeates, 1992 and M. sigmaturus (Cobb, 1917) Altherr, 1953. Mononchus pulcher and Mylonchulus paitensis are new records for the country while the former species is found and illus- trated for the first time after its original description. Identification keys for the Mononchus and Mylonchulus species which have so far been reported from Iran are also given. Keywords: Mononchina, Mononchus, Mylonchulus, description, identification, new record, Iran. Only a few records are available on the occurrence of glycerin (Seinhorst, 1959). Measurements and drawings mononchids in Iran. One new and twelve known were made with a research microscope (Nikon, Eclipse species of this group of nematodes have been reported 50i) equipped with a drawing tube. The general classifi- so far from Iran, in the following provinces: Chaharma- cation of Andrássy (1993) for mononchids was followed hal va Bakhtyari (Olia et al., 2004); Hormozgan here. (Nowruzi and Barooti, 1997); East Azarbaijan and Ard- abil (Barooti, 1997); Bushehr (Nowruzi and Barooti, 2001); Zanjan, Gilan, Kerman, Fars, Tehran, Mazan- DESCRIPTIONS daran, Ghazvin, Khoozestan and Hamadan (Loof et al., 1990). This paper deals with description of six known MONONCHUS AQUATICUS Coetzee, 1968 nematode species belonging to the genera Mononchus (Figs 1, 2; Table I) and Mylonchulus, collected from cultivated and unculti- vated soils of several localities in Semnan province, Female. Body straight after fixation, 52.5-77 µm wide north-east of Iran. Additional measurements and illus- at midbody. Cuticle smooth, 2.8-4.2 µm thick. Lip re- trations are given for each of them. Among the identi- gion not set off, 2.6-3.4 times as wide as high. Amphid fied species, Mononchus pulcher Andrássy, 1993 and cup-like, aperture 2.8-4.2 µm wide, situated 7.0-9.8 µm Mylonchulus paitensis Yeates, 1992 are reported from from anterior end of body or 21.0-32.2 µm from base of Iran for the first time. Keys are provided for separation buccal cavity. A minute tooth-like projection present on of the Iranian Mononchus and Mylonchulus species. ventral wall opposite to the dorsal tooth apex. Trans- verse ribs on subventral walls located posterior to the dorsal tooth apex. Pharynx cylindroid, surrounding MATERIAL AND METHODS basal plates of the buccal cavity. Nerve ring located at 29.5-35.8% of the neck length; excretory pore visible, Soil samples were collected from several localities in situated behind the nerve ring, at 31.7-39.8% of the Semnan province, including Damghan, Mojen, Semnan, neck length. Junction between pharynx and intestine Shahmirzad, Shahrood, and their suburbs. Samples non-tuberculate. Rectum 0.8-1.0 times as long as anal were taken to a depth of 10-50 cm by a soil corer body width. Reproductive apparatus didelphic am- (auger) and a spade. Nematodes were extracted using phidelphic, ovaries reflexed; vulva transverse; eggs ob- the centrifugal-flotation technique or extraction tray long, 70-85×48-55 µm; paravulval papillae absent, method, then fixed in TAF and mounted in anhydrous sphincter absent at oviduct-uterus junction. Tail elon- gated conical, somewhat ventrally curved, with rounded and slightly swollen tip. Caudal glands grouped, spin- neret with opening terminal. 1 Contact author e-mail: [email protected] 04 Farahmand_145 30-12-2009 9:21 Pagina 146 146 Male. Not found. truncatus Bastian, 1865, but differs from it in having a smaller buccal cavity and a shorter tail (see Table I). It is Locality and habitat. Soil around the roots of Alhagi also closely related to M. laminatus Zullini, Loof et sp. and Echinops sp. in Ali Abad village, Damghan, and Bongers, 2002, but can be separated from it by different soil under grass in Semnan. dimensions of its buccal cavity (vs 29-31×11-14 µm), Remarks. Mononchus aquaticus is very close to M. smaller dorsal tooth and more anterior position of am- Fig. 1. A, D, G, J, M: Mononchus truncatus (female); B, E, H, K, N: Mononchus pulcher (female); C, F, I, L, O: Mononchus aquati- cus (female). A, B, C: Buccal cavity; D, E, F: Anterior region; G, H, I: Entire body; J, K, L: Reproductive apparatus; M, N, O: Tail. 04 Farahmand_145 30-12-2009 9:21 Pagina 147 Farahmand et al. 147 phid aperture relative to the dorsal tooth. Our descrip- MONONCHUS PULCHER Andrássy, 1993 tion and measurements conform well with those given (Figs 1, 2; Table I) in the literature, except for buccal cavity that is slightly wider in our specimens and tail that is slightly longer Female. Body of medium size, slender, 56-80.5 µm (see Table I), but these differences are considered as in- wide at midbody. Cuticle smooth, 2.8-4.2 µm thick. Lip traspecific variation and the studied populations are region not set off, 2.3-3.2 times as wide as high. Amphid identified as M. aquaticus. cup-like, aperture 2.8-4.2 µm wide, situated 9.8-16.8 µm from anterior end of body or 25.2-43.4 µm from base of Fig. 2. A-C: Mononchus aquaticus (female); D-F: Mononchus pulcher (female); G-H: Mononchus truncatus (female). A, B, D, G: Buccal cavity; E, H: Tail; C, F, I: Entire body. 04 Farahmand_14530-12-20099:21Pagina148 Table I. Morphometrics of Mononchus aquaticus, M. pulcher and M. truncatus females (all absolute measurements in µm except L in mm). 148 M. aq u ati c us M . p ul ch er M . t ru nc at u s Locality Ali Abad Semnan Literature2 Mojen Hungary Olang plain Rasmeroodbar Literature3 n 5 9 114 16 ?– 6324 1.58 ± 0.05 1.72 ± 0.09 1.73 ± 0.1 1.91 ± 0.1 2.20 ± 0.2 L 1.14-2.06 1.94-2.10 1.48-2.14 (1.52-1.67) (1.63-1.94) (1.50-2.10) (1.72-2.19) (2.0-2.44) 26.8 ± 2.8 25.2 ± 1.7 27.2 ± 2.4 29.4 ± 3.3 28.8 ± 4.6 a 19-44 35-38 26-44 (22.9-29.5) (23.5-29.3) (22.9-31.7) (26.3-34.9) (24.6-33.7) 4.5 ± 0.5 4.7 ± 0.2 4.4 ± 0.2 4.2 ± 0.2 4.5 ± 0.2 b 2-5.4 4.4-4.8 3.4-6.5 (3.7-4.9) (4.4-5.2) (4.1-4.7) (4.0-4.5) (4.3-4.7) 8.5 ± 0.8 8.8 ± 0.7 8.6 ± 0.7 8.0 ± 0.6 9.4 ± 0.8 c 7.2-12 8.7-9.4 5-11 (7.6-9.3) (7.9-9.8) (7.4-9.4) (7.3-8.8) (8.7-10.3) 5.0 ± 0.5 5.0 ± 0.5 5.3 ± 0.5 6.1 ± 0.9 5.4 ± 0.4 c’ – 6-7 – (4.4-5.8) (4.3-5.9) (4.7-6.2) (5.1-7.2) (5-5.7) 50.6 ± 3.4 50.7 ± 1.8 51.2 ± 2.6 52.4 ± 1.8 52.6 ± 1.3 V 41-59 49-51 47-55.5 (46.2-55.4) (47.7-53.6) (48.5-57.7) (49.7-54.9) (51.1-53.7) 10.5 ± 1.3 10.7 ± 2.2 11.1 ± 1.6 10.2 ± 1.6 11.7 ± 1.3 G1% – – – (8.7-11.9) (7.0-13.0) (7.4-14.3) (7.5-12.3) (10.5-13) 12.0 ± 1.6 10.4 ± 3.1 12.1 ± 1.6 10.6 ± 1.3 10.8 ± 1.5 G2% – – – (9.8-13.4) (6.3-14.4) (9.8-15.4) (9.6-12.5) (9.8-11.9) 187.6 ± 16.5 196.8 ± 15.6 202.6 ± 17.4 241.6 ± 28.3 236.8 ± 37.8 Tail length 147-215 186-225 185-300 (168-203) (175-217) (164.5-234.5) (196-277) (210-280) 352.8 ± 41.8 364.4 ± 14.5 391.8 ± 48.4 452.1 ± 31.6 494.7 ± 59.6 Pharynx length – – – (308-420) (350-392) (329-486.5) (399-494) (458.5-563.5) 37.8 ± 2.9 39.3 ± 2.9 38.1 ± 3.6 39.7 ± 3.6 44.3 ± 7.3 Anal body width – – – (35-42) (35-42) (35-49) (35-45.5) (38.5-52.5) 28.8 ± 2.9 30.6 ± 1.5 33.4 ± 4.2 41.3 ± 3.3 37.3 ± 7.7 Buccal cavity length 26-36 35-38 31-51 (25.2-32.2) (28-32.2) (30.8-44.8) (35-43.4) (32.2-46.2) 15.7 ± 1.5 14.7 ± 1.2 16.6 ± 1.7 19.6 ±2.2 19.1 ± 1.6 Buccal cavity width 9-18 16-18 13-16 (14-18.2) (15.4-19.6) (14-21) (15.4-21) (18.2-21) 79.7 ± 0.4 80.7 ± 2.4 79.8 ± 3.1 76.4 ± 2.4 78.2 ± 5 Dorsal tooth apex % B.C.
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