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Swim at Your Own Risk Swim at Your Own Risk Bacteria Pollution in Texas Beaches and Waterways Threatens Public Health Swim at Your Own Risk Bacteria Pollution in Texas Beaches and Waterways Threatens Public Health Gideon Weissman, Frontier Group Brian Zabcik and Luke Metzger, Environment Texas Research & Policy Center August 2018 Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Dr. Hanadi Rifai of the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Houston, Ken Kramer of the Sierra Club–Lone Star Chapter, John Rumpler of Environment America Research and Policy Center, and additional individuals for their review of drafts of this document, and for their valuable insights and suggestions. Thanks also to Tony Dutzik and Abigail Bradford of Frontier Group for editorial support. Environment Texas Research & Policy Center thanks the Cynthia and George Mitchell Foundation, the Meadows Foundation, the Jacob and Terese Hershey Foundation, and the Pisces Foundation for making this report possible. The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Environment Texas Research & Policy Center. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review. 2018 Environment Texas Research & Policy Center. Some Rights Reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 U.S. License. To view the terms of this license, visit http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/3.0/us. Environment Texas Research & Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization. We are dedicated to protecting our air, water and open spaces. We investigate problems, craft solutions, educate the public and decision-makers, and help the public make their voices heard in local, state and national debates over the quality of our environment and our lives. For more information about Environment Texas Research & Policy Center or for additional copies of this report, please visit www.environmenttexascenter.org. Frontier Group provides information and ideas to help citizens build a cleaner, healthier and more democratic America. We address issues that will define our nation’s course in the 21st century – from fracking to solar energy, global warming to transportation, clean water to clean elections. Our experts and writers deliver timely research and analysis that is accessible to the public, applying insights gleaned from a variety of disciplines to arrive at new ideas for solving pressing problems. For more information about Frontier Group, please visit www.frontiergroup.org. Layout: To The Point Collaborative, tothepointcollaborative.com Cover: George Gongora/Corpus Christi Caller-Times. Reprinted with permission. Table of Contents Executive Summary . 4 Introduction ...........................................................8 Texas Beaches and Inland Waterways Are Often Too Polluted for Swimming ...9 How Texas Tests for Contaminated Water . 9 Texas Beaches: 63 Percent Tested as Unsafe for Swimming on at Least One Day . 10 Freshwater Locations: 49 Percent Tested as Unsafe for Swimming on at Least One Day . 12 Urban and Agricultural Pollution Are Often to Blame for Unsafe Water . 16 Conclusion and Policy Recommendations: Keep Texas Water Safe . 18 Methodology ..........................................................21 Notes .................................................................22 Executive Summary exans love the water – especially in the But many of the waterways where Texans love to summertime. From South Padre Island to play are sometimes too polluted for people to go Galveston Bay, and from the San Mar- swimming, tubing, or wading safely. An analysis Tcos River to Lake Lewisville, our rivers, lakes and of water testing data from the Texas Commission beaches draw thousands of Texans every time the on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) reveals that sun is out and the temperature is up. Texas beaches, rivers and lakes frequently ex- Table ES-1. Beaches with Five or More Days of Unsafe Water Pollution in 2017 Beach Name Coastal Area Unsafe Days Days with Percentage of Testing in 2017 Sampling Days with Unsafe Water Ropes Park Corpus Christi Bay 24 57 42% Cole Park Corpus Christi Bay 20 53 38% Emerald Beach Corpus Christi Bay 14 47 30% Galveston Island State Park #6 Galveston Bay 8 43 19% - Bayside Rettilon Road Galveston Bay 8 48 17% Magnolia Lane Galveston Bay 6 43 14% Sylvan Beach - South Galveston Bay 6 41 15% Beach Drive Freeport* 5 41 12% Corpus Christi Marina - South Corpus Christi Bay 5 41 12% Fort Crockett Seawall Park Galveston Bay 5 41 12% Helen Blvd. Galveston Bay 5 43 12% Palacios Pavilion East Matagorda Bay 5 43 12% For beaches with multiple testing stations, data from the station with most unsafe days is presented. * In U.S. Geological Survey watershed maps, this area is referred to as the Austin-Oyster watershed. 4 SWIM AT YOUR OWN RISK §¥†‡ Figure ES-1. Beaches with Five or More Days of Unsafe Water Pollution in 2017 Beaches with Five or More Unsafe Days in 2017 ceed bacteria levels deemed safe under state law, Among 120 beaches in the state, 75 were unsafe indicating unsafe levels of fecal contamination. for swimming on at least one day when water was Swimming in contaminated water can lead to gas- sampled.2 Over that period, each site was sampled an trointestinal illness, as well as respiratory disease, average of 39 times. ear and eye infections, and skin rashes.1 • The three beaches with the most unsafe water To protect Texans’ health, and to ensure contin- days in 2017 – Ropes Park, Cole Park, and Emerald ued enjoyment of our waterways, Texas policy- Beach – are all located in Corpus Christi, on the makers should undertake new efforts to limit southern shore of the bay. All tested as unsafe on water pollution. more than 10 days. At Ropes Park, one sample site was unsafe for swimming on 24 days (42 percent More than half of all Texas beaches that were of the days on which testing took place). At Cole tested for bacterial contamination were unsafe Park, one sample site was unsafe for swimming for swimming on at least one day during 2017. on 20 days, and the Emerald Beach sampling site Executive Summary 5 tested as unsafe for swimming on 14 days. Because State Park at the southern tip of Texas. These each beach was tested fewer than 60 times during beaches were all tested between 25 and 38 the year, there may have been many more days on times during 2017. which swimming was unsafe during the year. More than 700 freshwater sites tested as • Three beach sites on the outer shore of the Bolivar having levels of bacterial contamination that Peninsula at Galveston Bay – the beaches at Helen would have made them unsafe for swimming in Boulevard, Magnolia Lane and Rettilon Road – all 2017. Tests at 708 freshwater sites across Texas re- tested as unsafe on five or more days. vealed levels of bacterial contamination that made • Some areas in Texas did not have any tests that them unsafe for swimming on at least one day dur- 3 indicated unsafe water in 2017, including beaches ing 2017, out of 1,450 freshwater sites tested. Many in the area of McFaddin National Wildlife Refuge of these sites are not currently used for swimming, and Sea Rim State Park near Beaumont, and sometimes because of unsafe pollution levels. beaches on South Padre Island and Boca Chica • Austin: Of 76 test sites within the city limits, 46 Figure ES-2. In Houston Waterways, 96 out of 100 Test Sites Had Unsafe Bacteria Levels at Least Once in 2017 No unsafe test days in 2017 At least one unsafe test day in 2017 Lake Houston Houston 6 SWIM AT YOUR OWN RISK exceeded safe bacteria levels at least once in 2017. Ray Hubbard and Lake Worth, no test in 2017 Waterways that frequently had unsafe bacteria found unsafe levels of bacteria. Many other water- levels included Waller Creek, Walnut Creek, West ways in the area frequently had high bacteria Bouldin Creek, East Bouldin Creek, and Blunn levels, including Village Creek, the main tributary Creek. of Lake Arlington. • Houston: In the city’s bayous, which sustain • Killeen-Belton: Many sites along Long Branch, parks and provide fishing spots for area residents, South Nolan Creek, and the Leon River after its all 44 sample sites had at least one day of water confluence with Nolan Creek tested as having that was unsafe for contact recreation in 2017. Of bacteria levels that would make them unsafe those, 20 sites were unsafe at least 75 percent of for swimming. Among 13 sampling sites in the the days that they were tested, and 12 sites were Killeen-Belton area, 11 sites were unsafe for unsafe every single time they were tested. In Lake contact recreation on at least one day in 2017. Houston, which is popular for boating and fishing, Urban and agricultural pollution are often to six out of nine testing sites exceeded safe levels blame for unsafe water. The fecal contamination of bacteria for contact recreation at least once indicated by high bacteria levels comes from a range in 2017. Three sites exceeded safe bacteria levels of sources – urban runoff carrying animal waste from more than a third of the dates they were tested. pets; sewage overflows and septic leaks carrying • San Antonio: Along the San Antonio River, 21 sites human waste; agricultural runoff carrying livestock were unsafe for swimming for at least one day in waste manure from industrial-scale feedlots; and all 2017, and 10 sites were unsafe for at least three forms of runoff carrying animal waste from wildlife days. In downtown San Antonio, where the river is such as deer, feral hogs and seagulls.4 used for boating and fishing and is the centerpiece Texans deserve access to clean, swimmable of the popular River Walk, four neighboring test waters.
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