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Live Reef Fish Identification Cards WRI fice or: The Nature Conservancy, The Nature Conservancy, the World Resources Institute. World the International Marinelife Alliance, and International Marinelife the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, the Secretariat of the Pacific Community, The Secretariat of the Pacific Community Phone: +687 26 20 00 Fax: +687 26 38 18 the Pacific Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative by Trade the Pacific Live Reef Fish BP D5, 98848 Noumea Cedex, New Caledonia of a series of awareness materials developed for Information Section, Marine Resources Division the Asian Development Bank (ADB); and France. the SPC These fish identification cards are produced as part This publication was made possible through support E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.spc.int. Website: E-mail: [email protected] and do not necessarily reflect the views of the donors. U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID); U.S. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors provided by the Bureau for Global Programs, Field Support, For further information contact your local Fisheries Of The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative and Research, Office of Environment and Natural Resources, and Research, Office FFiisshh IIddeennttiiffiiccaattiioonn CCaarrddss Second dorsal fin Caudal fin Dorsal fin Caudal peduncle Pectoral fin Anal fin Pelvic fin The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Total length (TL) The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Cheilinus trilobatus Cheilinus trilobatus • Local name(s): • Biology: Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs at depths of 1 to over 30 m. Found along shallow reef margins with coral cover. Usually solitary. Feeds mainly on • English name: Tripletail wrasse invertebrates such as molluscs and crustaceans but occasionally takes fish. • Hong Kong names: Chap Mei, Choi Mei • Reproduction: Protogynous hermaphrodite (sex changes • Description: Olivaceous, with a vertical red line on each from female to male); male-dominated haremic mating body scale; small red spots and irregular lines on head system (i.e. one male for several females). Pelagic and chest; red lines radiating anteriorly from eye. Large spawning. adults have tri-lobed caudal fins. • Maximum size: 45 cm TL • Importance: Fisheries: commercial and subsistence / Aquarium: commercial and show aquaria. • IUCN Red List status: No status given. • Poisonous: No reports of ciguatera poisoning. • Distribution in Indo-Pacific region: Indonesia and Philippines east to the Tuamotus and Austral Islands in French Polynesia; Ryukyu Islands (Japan) south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Image: John E. Randall The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Cheilinus undulatus Cheilinus undulatus • Local name(s): • Biology: Inhabits steep outer reef slopes, channel slopes, and lagoon reefs between 1 and 60 m. Solitary or paired but small mating groups may be found following the two largest individuals. Juveniles encountered in coral- • English name: Humphead wrasse rich areas of lagoon reefs where staghorn Acropora spp. corals abound. Adults rove the reefs by day, and rest in • Hong Kong name: So Mei reef caves and under coral ledges at night. Primary food includes molluscs, fish, sea urchins, crustaceans and • Description: Adults olive to green with a vertical dark line other large invertebrates. One of the few predators of on scales; juveniles pale greenish with elongate spots on toxic animals such as sea hares, boxfish and crown-of- scales tending to form bars; 2 black lines posteriorly thorns starfish. from eye, more evident in juveniles. Adults develop lips • Reproduction: Protogynous hermaphrodite (sex changes and a prominent bulbous hump on the forehead. from female to male); male-dominated haremic mating system (i.e. one male for several females), but spawning aggregations may also occur at high population densities. Pelagic spawning. • Maximum size: 229 cm TL (maximum weight: 191 kg) • Importance: Fisheries: commercial and subsistence / Aquarium: commercial and show aquaria. • IUCN Red List status: Vulnerable (facing a high risk of extinction in the wild in the medium-term future). Status being re-evaluated. • Poisonous: Reports of ciguatera poisoning. • Distribution in the Indo-Pacific region: Indonesia and Philippines east to the Tuamotus (French Polynesia); Image: John E. Randall Ryukyu Islands (Japan) south to New Caledonia. The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Choerodon schoenleinii Choerodon schoenleinii • Local name(s): • Biology: Inhabits flat sandy or weedy areas near lagoon and seaward reefs between 10 and 60 m. Solitary. Feeds mainly on hard-shelled invertebrates including • English name: Blackspot tuskfish crustaceans, molluscs and sea urchins. • Reproduction: Protogynous hermaphrodite (sex changes • Hong Kong name: Ching Yi from female to male). Mating system not determined. • Description: Greenish grey on back, shading to light Pelagic spawning. yellowish below; a vertical blue line on each scale • Maximum size: 100 cm TL becomes spots posteriorly and blue stripes on caudal peduncle; a black spot smaller than eye at base of last • Importance: Fisheries: commercial and subsistence / dorsal spine; irregular blue bands extending posteriorly Gamefish: yes / Aquarium: commercial and show from eye. Caudal fin truncate to slightly rounded. aquaria. • IUCN Red List status: No status given — under assessment. • Poisonous: No reports of ciguatera poisoning. • Distribution in the Indo-Pacific region: Indonesia and Philippines east to Papua New Guinea; Ryukyu Islands (Japan) south to the southern Great Barrier Reef (Australia). Image: John E. Randall The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Cephalopholis argus Cephalopholis argus • Local name(s): • Biology: Occurs in a variety of coral habitats, from tide pools and reef flats to reef slopes at depths of 1–40 m but usually 1–10 m. Feeds mainly on fish and, to a • English name: Peacock hind lesser extent, crustaceans. In some places it feeds early in the morning and late afternoon; but in other places, it • Hong Kong name: Nam Sing appears to feed more at night. • Description: Dark brown, with small blue, black-edged • Reproduction: Protogynous hermaphrodite (sex changes spots; 5–6 pale bars on rear of body; large pale area from female to male) in a male-dominated haremic over chest; distal part of pectoral fins sometimes mating system (i.e. one male for several females). maroon brown; orange-gold triangular membranes at Pelagic spawning. tips of dorsal spines. • Maximum size: 60 cm TL • Importance: Fisheries: commercial and subsistence / Gamefish: yes / Aquarium: commercial and show aquaria. • IUCN Red List status: No status given. • Poisonous: Reports of ciguatera poisoning. • Distribution in the Indo-Pacific region: Indonesia and Philippines east to Pitcairn Group; Ryukyu Islands (Japan) south to Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Image: John E. Randall The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Cephalopholis sonnerati Cephalopholis sonnerati • Local name(s): • Biology: Occurs in deep lagoon reefs and steep outer reef slopes between 10 and 150 m, and occasionally on exposed reef fronts. Found in corals and rocky • English name: Tomato hind substrata. Juveniles found usually near sponges or coral heads. Feeds on small fish and crustaceans. • Hong Kong name: Hung Kwa Chi Reproduction: Protogynous hermaphrodite (sex changes • Description: In the Pacific, adults are light reddish to from female to male) in a male-dominated haremic yellowish brown with numerous small, brownish-red mating system (i.e. one male for several females). spots on head, body and fins; juveniles dark reddish- Pelagic spawning. brown to black with a white posterior border on caudal fin (broadest at corners). Pelvic fins usually reach or Maximum size: 57 cm TL extend beyond anus; caudal fin rounded. Importance: Fisheries: commercial and subsistence. IUCN Red List status: No status given. Poisonous: No reports of ciguatera poisoning. Distribution in the Indo-Pacific region: Indonesia and Philippines east to the Line Islands (Kiribati); southern Japan to southern Queensland (Australia) and New Caledonia. Image: John E. Randall The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative The Pacific Regional Live Reef Fish Trade Initiative Cromileptes altivelis Cromileptes altivelis • Local name(s): • Biology: Inhabits lagoon and seaward reefs and is found typically in rubble or silty areas between 2 and 40 m; sometimes found on reefs and in tide pools; juveniles • English name: Humpback grouper found commonly on shallow seagrass flats. Juveniles are captured for the aquarium trade; adults for food. • Hong Kong name: Lo Shu Pan • Reproduction: Protogynous hermaphrodite (sex changes • Description: Greenish-white to light greenish-brown, with from female to male). Mating system not determined. scattered large round black spots; juveniles white with Pelagic spawning. black spots. Front part of head containing a very small eye; dorsal profile of head nearly straight to above eye, • Maximum size: 70 cm TL then rising steeply to beginning of dorsal fin. • Importance: Fisheries: commercial and subsistence
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