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DOCUMENT RESUME ED 102 393 CH 003 118 AUTHOR Evans, Rupert N.; And Others TITLE Career Education in the Middle/Junior High School. PUB DATE 73 NOTE 326p. AVAILABLE FROMOlympus Publishing Company, 1670 East 13th South, Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 ($7.95) EDRS PRICE MP-$0.76 HC Not Available from EDRS. PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS Books; *Career Education; *Curriculum Development; Educational Innovation; Educational Objectives; Educational Strategies; *Junior High Schools; Middle Schools; Program Descriptions; Program Planning; *Relevance (Education); *State of the Art Reviews; Student Needs; Units of Study (Subject Fields); Vocational Development ABSTRACT It is the purpose of the book to argue and demonstrate that career education can make a vital contribution to the needs of middle school and junior high school youth. Academic subject matter and skills gained in the classroom must have relevance to the students' future work and careers. 'song the key concepts involved are:(1) the primary goal of education is to prepare students for life;(2) knowledge, and the ability to apply it, is the schools' essential product; (3) all subject matter in the curriculum has career relevance; and (4) pointing up the career relevance of subject Batter aids in motivating the student and reinforcing his understanding of the material. The Volume is organized as follows: (1) the nature of career 'development and related research; (2) career development practices in ongoing Programs and as reported in professional journals; (3) integrating career education into five basic academic areas;(4) applying career education c,ncepts in the fine and practical arts; (5) work, simulated work, and work observation;(6) organizing career edncatpan--a suamary of views; and (7) reform initiatives and currentinnotettOtV-id-tareer education, (MW) reN BEST COPY AVAILABLE Career CD Education in the Middle /Junior High School RUPERT N. EVANS KENNETH B. HOYT GARTH L. MANGUM 'PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE TH15 COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL We mfC110 FARTmENT OFHEALTH. PICH ON HAS DEE GRA ED S WELFARE EDUCATIONiNSTtTUTE OF # aril_ RATIONAL zoi EDUCATON REPRO .Cie k. HAS DE EN TOERICAND ORGAN ZATIONS OPE RAT THIS DOCUMENTAS RCCEivEDF ROM IN& UNDER AGREEMENTS WITH THE NA DUCED EXACTLY ORIGIN OR ORGANIZATION TIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION THE PERSONPOINTS OF VIEWOR OPINIONS FURTHER REPRODUCTION OUTSIDE AT/NG IT REPRE THE ERIC SYSTEM REQUIRES PERMIS STATED DONOT NECESSARILYINSTITUTE OF SENT ()I F 1CIALNATIONAL Siam OF THE COPYRIGHT OWNER POSITION ORPOLICY EDUCATION t)r Olympus Publishing Company Salt Lake City, Utah z (continued frorn front flap) Career Knowledgeand the analytical Education capability, understanding, and skills to app'y itis the schaii's in the Middle/Junior essential product. There is far High School more subject matter to be taught than can be included in any curric- ulum, and priorities in selection are necessary. The best test for Exploration is the appropriateem- phasis for education in the middle inclusion is the question: What school; and the junior high schools, and contribution will this subject mat- career education is an essential part of ter make to the person this student . it. In turning attention to the explora- wants to become? tion of possible career roles, career There is no subject matter cur- education may do a service to the educa- rently included in school curricula tion of all adolescents. It may serve as which does not contribute in some a reminder that explorationof self, of way to the career potential of some society, and of one's role in society (in- students. cluding the working role)is the name Pointing up the career relevance of of the game for ages ten through fifteen. subject matter can provide double It is the purpose of this book to reinforcement: (I ) Motivation argue and demonstrate that career edu- through demonstration of useful- cation can make a vital contribution to ness in contributing to an objec- the needs of youth at that age...that in tive the student can relate to and fact a middle school or junior high cur- endorse; (2) Clarification in pro- riculum which does not contain some of viding illustrations within the the components of career education can- student's range of experience and not fulfill its assignment. understanding. One of the primary components of In order to provide the necessary career education is the obligation of the background and understanding, and to classroom teacher to incorporate into implement a working career education academic subject matter an understand- program, extensive in-service training ing of the relevance that knowledge and for teachers is recommended. But the in- skills gained in the classroom have for service education required for career the students' future work and careers. education extends also to the business- Among the key concepts involved are: industry-labor comiiiunity and to par- Education's primary goal is to ents. If we expect educators to learn how prepare students for life, including to work with the business-industry- their working lives, with no neces- labor community, then we must also sary conflict between preparing for expect persons from that community to work and preparing for citizenship, learn how to work with educators in culture, or any other of the nu- career education efforts. merous aspects of life to which This type of exploratory opportt,- education contributes. nay is vital to the well-being of our students, to the viability of our school system, and to the vitality of our eco- (continued on back flap) nomic structure. 3N Copyright © 1973 by Olympus Publishing Company 937 East Ninth South, Salt Lake City, Utah 84105 ISBN 0-913420-29-8 (Hard) ISBN 0-913420-30-1 (Soft) Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: '3-86158 5/6 Contents Preface page 7 1 Career Education in the Middle/Junior High Schoch Introduction to the Concept 9 Career Education: What It Is 10 Need for Career Education 19 Role and Goals of the Middle/Junior High School 23 Applying Career Education Concepts in the Middle/Junior High School 30 References 35 2 Nature of Career Development: Middle/Junior High School Years 37 Summaries of Summaries: Four Major Contributions 38 Research Related to Career Development in the Middle School Years 48 Examples of Research Demonstrating the Presence of Occupational Stereotypes 50 Concluding Statement 61 References 64 3 Career De,...lopment Practices at the Middle/Junior High School Level 67 I. Recommendations and Suggested Practices as Reported in Professional Journals 69 IL Career Development Practices in Ongoing Programs 86 III. Summary 99 References 106 4 Career Education in the Basic Academic Classroori 111 Developing Career Education Learning Experiences 113 Career Education in Science Teaching 116 Scien.se Profiles 122 Mathematics Prefiles 127 Language Arts Profiles 137 Social Studies Profiles 148 PhN sical Education and Health Profiles 156 Profiles of Interdisciplinary Approaches 164 Getting It Done: Some Summary Comments 182 References 187 5 The Fine and Practical Arts 189 Industrial Arts 191 Home Economics 196 Joint Home Economics-Industrial Arts Programs 198 The Fine Arts 200 Fine and Practical Arts Career Education Activities 205 Summary 223 References 225 6 Work, Simulated Work, Work Observation in the Middle/Junior High School 229 Types of Work Experiences 230 Mass Production Projects 246 The One-of-a-Kind Project 248 Other Project Structures 249 Summary 260 References 261 7 Organizing Career Education in the Middle/Junior High School 263 Summary View of Selected Leaders in Career Education Program Organizations 264 Organizing Personnel and Resources for Career Education at the Middle/Junior High School Level 268 Substantive Content of Career Education at the Middle/Junior High School Level M279 Evaluating Career Education at the Middle/Junior High School Level 291 Summary Statement 296 References 297 8 Career Education among Reform Initiatives 299 Career Education and Current Innovations 301 Future in Education 311 The Ideal Middle/Junior High School Career Education Program 313 References 317 Index page 319 LIST OF FIGURES 1 Career Education's Place in Education 25 2 Carpentry Word Game 140 :3 Anagrams for the Construction Industry 141 4 Word Puzzle Terms in the Construction Industry 142 5 People Pyramid in the Publishing Field 146 6 Spotlight on Careers in the Social Sciences 157 7 Personal Involvement with and Structured Observation of work 235 8 Typical Learning Curve for a New Workei 240 9 Size of Work Group and Quantity of Product or Service 250 9 Preface This is the third volume of our career education series which began with Career Education: What It Is and How to Do It, followed by Career Education and the Elementary School Teacher. This middle/junior high school volume is followed shortly by Career Education for the Gifted and Tab ented Student and a revision (after seven printings) of the original volume. These, with our manpower publications, represent deeply held convictions as to: (1)The centrality of work in life and society (2)The need for concept to be fleshed out with solid "how to do it" suggestions This same concern for the basic quality of life and the essentiality of implementationof "social engineering" to improve that qualityis reflected in early childhood educa- tion (gee Your Child's Intellect, Olympus Publishing Company, 1973) and parent training, implemented in both the printed page and audio-visual presentations. Parenthood, too, is a career, the most basic one of all, and human development is society's greatest challenge. With those premises, the middle and junior high school assignment of self- and social exploration becomes a critical role in the development of the personality, the economy, and 10 the society. It is our hope to contribute modestly with this volume by helping educational administrators and teachers at that vital level be more effective in two essential aspects of that human development task: the development of values and the discovery of talents related to achievement and service.