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Volume 36 / No. 3 / 2018 Volume 36 / No. 3 / 2018 Cover photo: Bumble Bee Stone from Indonesia is an unusual carbonate- rich rock that is coloured by arsenic sulphide minerals and may also contain COLUMNS black areas of ‘sooty’ pyrite. A pattern resembling an erupting volcano is Bumble Bee Stone seen in this cabochon (45 × 65 mm), and is reminiscent of the volcanic from Indonesia Tracking and Traceability What’s New 181 origin of this gem. Courtesy of Rare Earth Mining Company. in the Gem Industry Circling on Alrosa Diamond Inspector | Ming Cultured Pearls D-Tect | DiaColor Colorimeter | Torcia 365 Long-wave LED Flashlight | Amberif 2017 and 2018 Proceedings | EGU General ARTICLES Assembly 2018 Gem Abstracts | FTC’s ‘Jewelry Guides’ Revised | Blockchain, Chain of Custody and Trace Elements: 212 Governing the Gemstone Sector: An Overview of Tracking and Traceability Opportunities Lessons from Global Experience | in the Gem Industry GSJ 2018 Annual Meeting By Laurent E. Cartier, Saleem H. Ali and Michael S. Krzemnicki Abstracts | PGI Insight 2018 | Sapphires from Mogok, Bumble Bee Stone: A Bright Yellow-to-Orange and 228 Myanmar | Wooshin Gem Lab Black Patterned Gem from West Java, Indonesia Magazine | Yellow Diamonds Educational Video | Call for By Emmanuel Fritsch and Joel Ivey Papers: Gem Issue of The An Explanation of a Specific Type of Circling as Extractive Industries and Society 240 | Diamond Museum Opens in Observed on Ming Cultured Pearls Botswana By Jean-Pierre Gauthier, Jacques Fereire and Thanh Nhan Bui Gem Notes 186 Ametrine with Trapiche-like 208 230 Patterns from Brazil | Hessonite from Mogok, Myanmar | Yellowish Green to Yellow Opal from Brazil | Ethiopian Opal with Dendritic Inclusions | Large Phenakite from Madagascar | Poudretteite from Mogok, Myanmar | Pseudo- Photo by Orasa Weldon malachite from Slovakia | Quartz Slices from Madagascar with Interesting Inclusions | Red 213 Aventurescent Quartzite from Tanzania | Yellow Scapolite from Tanzania Showing Daylight Fluorescence | Cr-bearing Green Spodumene from Northern Nigeria | Titanite (Sphene) from Zimbabwe | Native Copper Inclusions in a Cu-bearing Tourmaline | Tourmaline Mining Photo by L. E. Cartier Photo by J. Ivey at Ijero, Nigeria | Reduced Phosphorescence of Synthetic Diamonds After Electron Beam Conferences 253 Irradiation | Ammonites Inlaid with Ammolite and Turquoise | AGA Las Vegas | 22nd Meeting of the International Unusual Matrix Opal Imitations | Mineralogical Association 55th Myanmar Gems Emporium Learning Opportunities 258 Gem-A Notices 268 Letters 211 Transparency of Emerald New Media 262 Literature of Interest 269 Tanzurine The Journal is published by Gem-A in collaboration with SSEF and with the support of AGL. ISSN: 1355-4565, http://dx.doi.org/10.15506/JoG.2018.36.3 THE JOURNAL OF GEMMOLOGY, 36(3), 2018 i .

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Thank You, Shaun Shelton, for a Very Informative Program on Cleaning Specimens with an Impressive Array of Minerals Displayed
Volume 57 Number 8 August 1, 2016 From Da Prez: Thank you, Shaun Shelton, for a very informative program on cleaning specimens with an impressive array of minerals displayed. We learned a lot, even who is ready with a short joke once asked! A large group of 11 travelled to Marshall, NC for the month’s field trip to Little Pine Garnet Mine. I believe it was about 6 degrees cooler there at 90 degrees, and even cooler inside the mine, of course. The mine has changed and weathered considerably in the last few years. Digging in the creek bank proved to be the most productive as Steve Smith and Mike Smagner found. At least they gave us a group discount rate. Unless more of the mine is opened up, I don’t know that it will be cost effective as a destination, but always good to get outdoors and find a few specimens. We hope many of you can make it for the Grassy Creek Show and to Crabtree Mine while in the area of Little Switzerland and Spruce Pine. [ The] August meeting will offer a rare look into the history of the club, offered by Joe Maguire [Gary Parker, Ed Deckert, Joyce Patton, Steve Smith, John Hiller, Mary Pendergraph, and others.] See you soon! Keep cool! K B Montgomery Hospitality Report 2016: Next Club Meeting Janet Woodcock August 1, 2016 7:00 PM Jan. 4: Joe Maguire New Garden Friends Feb. 1: Debbie Bechtold 801 New Garden Road, Greensboro, NC March 7: Dawn & Shawn Healy April 4: Debbie Bechtold May 2: Gary Parker Joe Maguire—GGMC History June 6: Mary Pendergraph July 11: Shelton family McCreery Scholarship: $ 1,096.00 Aug.
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The Journal of Gemmology Editor: Dr R.R
he Journa TGemmolog Volume 25 No. 8 October 1997 The Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain Gemmological Association and Gem Testing Laboratory of Great Britain 27 Greville Street, London Eel N SSU Tel: 0171 404 1134 Fax: 0171 404 8843 e-mail: [email protected] Website: www.gagtl.ac.uklgagtl President: Professor R.A. Howie Vice-Presidents: LM. Bruton, Af'. ram, D.C. Kent, R.K. Mitchell Honorary Fellows: R.A. Howie, R.T. Liddicoat Inr, K. Nassau Honorary Life Members: D.). Callaghan, LA. lobbins, H. Tillander Council of Management: C.R. Cavey, T.]. Davidson, N.W. Decks, R.R. Harding, I. Thomson, V.P. Watson Members' Council: Aj. Allnutt, P. Dwyer-Hickey, R. fuller, l. Greatwood. B. jackson, J. Kessler, j. Monnickendam, L. Music, l.B. Nelson, P.G. Read, R. Shepherd, C.H. VVinter Branch Chairmen: Midlands - C.M. Green, North West - I. Knight, Scottish - B. jackson Examiners: A.j. Allnutt, M.Sc., Ph.D., leA, S.M. Anderson, B.Se. (Hons), I-CA, L. Bartlett, 13.Se, .'vI.phil., I-G/\' DCi\, E.M. Bruton, FGA, DC/\, c.~. Cavey, FGA, S. Coelho, B.Se, I-G,\' DGt\, Prof. A.T. Collins, B.Sc, Ph.D, A.G. Good, FGA, f1GA, Cj.E. Halt B.Sc. (Hons), FGr\, G.M. Howe, FG,'\, oo-, G.H. jones, B.Se, PhD., FCA, M. Newton, B.Se, D.PhiL, H.L. Plumb, B.Sc., ICA, DCA, R.D. Ross, B.5e, I-GA, DGA, P..A.. Sadler, 13.5c., IGA, DCA, E. Stern, I'GA, DC/\, Prof. I.
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United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 6,145,341 Leong (45) Date of Patent: Nov
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Ammolite: Iridescent Fossil Ammonite from Southern Alberta, Canada
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Updated 2012
American Federation of Mineralogical Societies AFMS Approved Reference List of Lapidary Material Names “Gem List” August 1996 Updated January 2003 AFMS Pubications Committee B. Jay Bowman, Chair Internet version of Approved Lapidary Material Names. This document can only be downloaded at http://www.amfed.org/rules APPROVED NAMES FOR LAPIDARY LABELS Prepared by the American Federation Nomenclature Committee and approved by the American Federa- tion Uniform Rules Committee, this list is the authorized guide and authority for Lapidary Label Names for exhibitors and judges in all competition under AFMS Uniform Rules. All materials are listed alpha- betically with two columns on a page. The following criteria are to assist in the selection and judging of material names on exhibit labels. 1. The name of any listed material (except tigereye), which has been cut to show a single chatoyant ray, may be preceded by “CAT’S-EYE”; the name of any material which has been cut to show asterism (two or more crossed rays) may be preceded by “STAR”, i.e.: CATS-EYE DIOPSIDE, CAT’S-EYE QUARTZ, STAR BERYL, STAR GARNET, etc. 2. This list is not all-inclusive as to the names of Lapidary materials which may at some time be exhibited. If a mineral or rock not included in this list is exhibited, the recognized mineralogical or petrological name must be used. The names of valid minerals and valid mineral varieties listed in the latest edition of the Glossary of Mineral Species by Michael Fleisher, or any other authorized reference, will be acceptable as Lapidary names. Varieties need only have variety name listed and not the root species.
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Ammolite: Iridescent Fossilized Ammonite from Southern Alberta
AMMOLITE:IRIDESCENT FOSSILIZED AMMONITE FROM SOUTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA By Keith A. Mychaluk, Alfred A. Levinson, and Russell L. Hall A relative newcomer to the world gem market (since the 1960s), Ammolite is a form of aragonite that is obtained from vivid iridescent fossilized ammonite shells mined in Alberta, Canada. The gem material, from the extinct species Placenticeras meeki and P. intercalare, is found only in certain horizons of the Bearpaw Formation of Late Cretaceous age (about 70 –75 million years old). Because the iridescent layer is generally thin and fragile, most Ammolite is fashioned into assembled stones. This article describes the history of Ammolite as a gem material and the geologic setting of the main producing mines; offers an explanation for the formation of Ammolite and the origin of its color (i.e., iridescence caused by an interfer- ence phenomenon); presents production data, gemological properties, and a grading classification; and describes the manufacturing process. mmolite is one of the few new natural gem mines at Bleiberg, Austria (Niedermayr, 1994). materials to enter the marketplace in the However, any similarities between Ammolite and A last 50 years (figure 1). Like tanzanite and other iridescent shell materials are superficial. sugilite—which were introduced to the trade in Although the iridescence of lumachelle is associated 1967 and 1980, respectively—Ammolite occurs in with an ammonite, specifically Carnites floridus, sufficient quantities to be economically significant. this species is significantly older (Late Triassic in Ammolite is a trade name for the iridescent, nacre- age) than those that give rise to Ammolite, and the ous layer of the shell of specific fossil ammonites two materials have different geologic occurrences.
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Characterization of the New Malossi Hydrothermal Synthetic Emerald
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NEW MALOSSI HYDROTHERMAL SYNTHETIC EMERALD Ilaria Adamo, Alessandro Pavese, Loredana Prosperi, Valeria Diella, Marco Merlini, Mauro Gemmi, and David Ajò A new production of hydrothermal synthetic emeralds, grown in the Czech Republic with Italian technology, has been marketed since December 2004 with the trade name Malossi synthetic emerald. Several samples were investigated by standard gemological methods, combined with chemical analyses and UV-Vis-NIR and IR spectroscopy. A comparison of this material with natural and other synthetic emeralds (the latter grown by the flux and hydrothermal techniques) reveals that Malossi hydrothermal synthetic emerald can be identified on the basis of microscop- ic features and chemical composition, along with the mid-infrared spectrum. ecause of emerald’s commercial value, a tures of Malossi synthetic emeralds that can be used remarkable number of synthetic emeralds, to distinguish this material from natural and other Bgrown by flux and hydrothermal processes, synthetic (hydrothermal and flux) emeralds. have entered the market over the past five decades. The hydrothermal synthetic emeralds are particu- larly notable in terms of the quantity produced and GROWTH TECHNIQUE their availability (see, e.g., Kane and Liddicoat, Malossi synthetic emeralds are grown at about 1985; Koivula et al., 1996; Schmetzer et al., 1997; 450°C in a small rotating autoclave that is lined Koivula et al., 2000; Chen et al., 2001; Mashkovtsev with gold and carefully sealed. A seed of natural yel- and Smirnov, 2004). low beryl, suspended by a platinum wire, is used to The present study focuses on a new hydrother- help initiate growth. Concentrated hydrochloric mally grown synthetic emerald manufactured since acid is usually used to prevent Cr (the only chro- 2003 in Prague, Czech Republic.
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Update on Ammolite Production from Southern Alberta, Canada
NOTES & NEW TECHNIQUES UPDATE ON AMMOLITE PRODUCTION FROM SOUTHERN ALBERTA, CANADA Keith A. Mychaluk Ammolite and other gem materials are combined There have been a number of changes in with dinosaur bone fragments, has been introduced. Ammolite production from southern Alberta, Canada, since 2001. Korite International con- ABOUT AMMOLITE tinues to be the dominant supplier, with a 40% increase in finished-stone production during Ammolite is a gem material composed of aragonite this period. As mining focuses on Zone 4 of the that is derived from the shells of ammonites, extinct host Bearpaw Formation, Korite’s inventory has cephalopod mollusks found in marine sediments of changed from predominantly fractured to sheet the Bearpaw Formation (Fm) in southern Alberta, Ammolite. The Aurora Ammolite mine, operat- Canada. As reported in Mychaluk et al. (2001), com- ed by Rusty Pimm Enterprises, is the only other mercial quantities of Ammolite are derived from two fully mechanized open-pit mine, but artisanal ammonite species (Placenticeras meeki and P. inter- miners continue to be active. Dinolite— calare) from specific horizons within the Bearpaw Fm Ammolite combined with siliceous dinosaur shale in the St. Mary River valley southwest of bone—has been introduced as yet another Lethbridge, Alberta (figure 3). Only two such hori- innovative use for Ammolite. zons—labeled by Korite International as K Zone and Zone 4—are rich enough to sustain exploitation by open-pit mining methods. Ammolite can be grouped into two categories based on physical appearance: frac- ignificant changes have occurred in the mining tured and sheet (again, see figure 1). In fractured of Canadian Ammolite since 2001 (see Ammolite, the original ammonite shell has been SMychaluk et al., 2001), with new producers and crushed and healed by natural processes, creating a new mines emerging.
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