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Genus Candelabrochaete (Corticiaceae) in North America and a Note on Peniophora Mexicana

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Genus Candelabrochaete (Corticiaceae) in North America and a Note on Peniophora Mexicana Vol. XIX, pp. 389-395 January-March 1984 THE GENUS CANDELABROCHAETE (CORTICIACEAE) IN NORTH AMERICA AND A NOTE ON PENIOPHORA MEXICANA By HAROLD H. BURDSALL, JR. 1/ Center for Forest Mycology Research, Forest Products Laboratory— USDA, Forest Service, Madison, WI 53705, USA SUMMARY Studies of wood-rotting Basidiomycetes for the purpose of clarifying taxonomic limits and biological similarities or differences among the taxa led me to investigate the genus Phanerochaete Karst., a genus containing numerous white-rot species. During that study, I noted the similarity of Ph. septocystidia (Burt) Eriksson and Ryvarden, Ph. insolita Burds. and Nakas., and Peniophora mexicana Burt to the genus Candelabrochaete Boidin. I then examined the genus Candelabrochaete to establish generic differences from Phanerochaete and to determine Candelabrochaete's specific components. Such know- lege will enable more reliable determination of fungi in these genera, which are used in the study of forest pathology, wood products decay, and wood biodeterioration or bioalteration. As a result of this study, a key to and descriptions of the North American species of Candelabrochaete and a discussion of Pe.mexicana are presented here. Methods followed are those cited in Burdsall and Nakasone (1981). INTRODUCTION Candelabrochaete was proposed for the new species, C. africana Boidin, the type species, and Hypochnus langloisii Pat. Both occur on hardwoods in south temperate to subtropical habitats. The genus is similar to Phanerochaete in possessing simple septa in the subicular hyphae and at the base of the basidia, and hyaline, thin- walled, nonamyloid basidiospores. The generic characters of Candelabrochaete differ from Phanerochaete, however, by including small, cylindrical to clavate basidia, septate cystidia, a loosely interwoven subiculum, and a loosely organized hymenium that gives a farinaceous to woolly appearance to the basidiocarps. Eriksson et al. (1981) stated that the palisade arrangement of the hymenium, the clavate basidia, and the lack of percurrent proli- feration of basidia in Ph. septocystidia were more similar to species of Phanerochaete than to those of Candelabrochaete. My studies of several specimens of Ph. septocystidia and the holo- type of C. africana confirm most of the information reported by 1/ Maintained at Madison, Wis., in cooperation with the University — of Wisconsin. 390 Eriksson et al. Although the hymenium is sometimes organized into a palisade in Ph. septocystidia, the basic hymenial structure is similar to that seen in Candelabrochaete. In some areas of some specimens of Ph. septocystidia, the palisade is much less organized than in others. The basidium shape in Ph. septocystidia, however, is frequently some- what cylindrical to constricted, similar to the shape found in C. africana, although in some cases it is clavate. Eriksson et al. (1981) considered percurrent proliferation as a character of generic importance in Candelabrochaete. I did not observe percurrent proliferation in any specimens of Ph. septocystidia, but neither did I observe it in the type specimen of C. africana. In my experience, percurrent proliferation occurs erratically in many species. In Peniophora fuscomarginata Burt, for example, some specimens and parts of other specimens possess striking examples of percurrent proliferation. In other specimens it has been impossible to demonstrate percurrent proliferation. Therefore, the character is certainly not of use as a generic character in Peniophora. I consider it an equally suspect character in the case of Candelabrochaete. DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES Three North American species of Candelabrochaete are recognized in this study. A key to the species is provided and Peniophora mexicana, a species with similarities to these three, is included in the key and described. Key to species of Candelabrochaete and Peniophora mexicana 1. Basidiospores thick walled, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose. P. mexicana 1. Basidiospores thin walled, ellipsoid to allantoid . 2 2. Basidiospores ellipsoid . C. magnahypha 2. Basidiospores allantoid to broadly allantoid. 3 3. Basidiospores broadly allantoid to allantoid, 7-9.5 x 3-4 µm . C. langloisii 3. Basidiospores allantoid 4.5-6.5 x 1.5-2 µm . C. septocystidia CANDELABROCHAETE LANGLOISII (Pat.) Boidin, Cah. Maboké 8:24. 1970. Fig. 1. = Hypochnus langloisii Pat., Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 24:3. 1908. = Pellicularia langloisii (Pat.) Rogers, Farlowia 1:101. 1943. s Botryobasidium langloisii (Pat.) Gilbn. et Budington, J. Arizona Acad. Sci. 6:92. 1970. = Phanerochaete insolita Burds. et Nakas., Mycologia 73:467. 1981. Basidiocarp annual, effused in small patches, up to 0.25 mm thick, farinaceous to hypochnoid, adnate but easily separable; fertile area discontinuous, farinaceous to pubescent, "greyish orange" (near 5B4 2/ or 6B4– ), staining red with 2% KOH; subiculum very thin, byssoid, con- colorous with hymenium; margin not differentiated, abrupt, irregular in outline. 2/ Burdsall and Nakasone (1981). – 391 Hyphal system monomitic. Subiculum a loose textura intricata, hyphae 4-9(-12) µm diam, thick walled (walls up to 5 µm thick), hyaline to pale yellow, encrusted with hyaline crystals and yellow to orange granules that dissolve in KOH producing a red solution, regularly branched, long celled, simple septate; subhymenium a textura intricata, hyphae firm walled, pale yellow, short celled, frequently branched in candelabrum pattern, encrusted with orange granules that dissolve in KOH turning solution pink; pseudocystidia cylindrical. 75-200 x 9-15(-21) µm, protruding up to 150 µm, with numerous simple septa, often constricted at septa, thin walled or with slight wall thickening, encrusted at first with a nearly translucent sheath up to 4 µm thick, later developing into a thin, orange granular coating; basidia broadly clavate, 15-18 x 6.5-8 µm, hyaline, thin walled, simple septate at base, 4 sterigmate, sterigmata up to 8 µm long; basidiospores ellipsoid to broadly allantoid, 7-9.5 x 3-4 µm, hyaline, thin walled, smooth, Melzer's -, acyanophilous. Habitat--On fallen well-decayed hardwood branches; associated with a white rot. Distribution--Known from Florida and Louisiana. Specimens examined--FLORIDA--HHB 9561 on Liquidambar styraciflua L., Leon County, holotype of Phanerochaete insolita (CFMR). LOUISIANA--Langlois 2968, sur bois pourri, St. Martinville, holotype of H. langloisii (FH). Discussion--Because of the poor condition of the cystidia and basidia in the type specimen of H. langloisii, the description and illustration are from the type of P. insolita. CANDELABROCHAETE MAGNAHYPHA (Burt) Burds., comb. nov. Fig. 2. z Peniophora magnahypha Burt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12:238. 1925 [1926]. Basidiocarp annual, effused in small patches up to 2 cm diam, appressed farinaceous to hypochnoid, adherent but easily separable; fertile area continuous, white to pale yellowish gray (near 3B2); margin abrupt, not differentiated; subiculum thin, not distinguishable. Hyphal system monomitic. Abhymenial surface not differentiated; subiculum a loose textura intricata, hyphae (6-)9-12(-15) µm diam, thin walled to firm walled, walls occasionally up to 1 µm thick, hya- line to pale yellow, with right-angle branching, simple septate or rarely nodose septate, smooth or encrusted with small brownish yellow granules and crystals; subhymenium hyphae much branched at right angles, 3.5-4.5 µm diam, thin walled, hyaline, smooth or encrusted with brownish yellow granules and crystals, simple septate; pseudocystidia arising from subiculum, cylindrical, with frequent simple septa, 100-150 x 9-12 µm, thin walled to firm walled, walls occasionally up to 1 µm thick, usually encrusted with brownish yellow granules and crys- tals, sometimes smooth, embedded in subiculum and protruding up to 40 µm above basidia; basidia broadly clavate, 12-15 x 5.5-6 µm, hya- line, thin walled, simple septate at base, 4-sterigmate, sterigmata up to 5 µm long; basidiospores ellipsoid, 6-7(-8) x 3-4 µm, hyaline, thin walled, smooth, Melzer's -, acyanophilous. Habitat-- On well-decayed hardwood; apparently associated with a white rot. Distribution--Known only from the type collection from Florida. Specimens examined--FLORIDA--R. Thaxter 57, on wood, Coconut Grove (FH). 392 Discussion-- Candelabrochaete magnahypha is not nonspecific with Candelabrochaete langloisii as suggested in previous studies (Rogers, 1943; Boidin, 1970). The basidiocarp of C. magnahypha is nearly white, not grayish orange as in C. langloisii. In addition, C. magnahypha possesses subiculum hyphae that are broader, much thinner walled, and with paler crystals. Finally, the ellipsoid basidiospores distinguish C. magnahypha from other Candelabrochaete species. CANDELABROCHAETE SEPTOCYSTIDIA (Burt) Burds., comb. nov. Fig. 3. ~ Phanerochaete septocystidia (Burt) Erikss. et Ryv. in Erikss. et al., Cort. North Europe 5:1021. 1978. % Peniophora septocystidia Burt, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12:260. 1925 [1926]. s Scopuloides septocystidiata (Burt) Jülich, Persoonia 11:422. 1982. = Odonticium raitviirii Parm., Consp. Syst. Cort. p. 218. 1968 (fide Erikss. et al. 1978). Basidiocarps broadly effuse, extending up to 8 x 4 cm, hypochnoid, thin, somewhat discontinuous; fertile area pubescent to farinaceous, pale yellowish tan, not changing color in KOH; subiculum concolorous; margin thin, white, pruinose to farinaceous. Hyphal system monomitic. Subiculum a loose textura intricata, poorly developed or up to 250 µm thick, hyphae 4-6(-9) µm diam, thin to thick walled (walls
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