Production and Extraction by Solid-State Fermentation. a Review
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Collection and Screening of Basidiomycetes for Better Lignin Degraders
Int. J. LifeSc. Bt & Pharm. Res. 2012 D Seshikala and M A Singara Charya, 2012 ISSN 2250-3137 www.ijlbpr.com Vol. 1, No. 4, October 2012 © 2012 IJLBPR. All Rights Reserved Research Paper COLLECTION AND SCREENING OF BASIDIOMYCETES FOR BETTER LIGNIN DEGRADERS D Seshikala1* and M A Singara Charya1 *Corresponding Author: D Seshikala, [email protected] Considering the potentialities of white rot basidiomycetes in biobleaching process, 37 white rot fungi were collected from different forest areas of Andhra Pradesh, India. All of them were screened for lignolytic enzyme production. Out of them 25 different organisms were with lignolytic capacity. Then they were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed for Laccase, LiP and MnP enzymes. Among the studied organisms Stereum ostrea (Laccase 40.02U/L ,MnP 51.59U/L, LiP 11.87U/L), Tremella frondosa (Laccase 35.07U/L, MnP 29.12U/L, LiP 5.95U/L) Tremates versicolour (MnP and LiP production i.e 56.13 U/L, LiP 23.26 U/L) could show maximum enzyme production. All the 25 organisms could produce Laccase but few failed to produce MnP and LiP. The organisms which produced both enzymes were grown in the liquid cultures. That culture filtrate was used for qualitative (SDS PAGE)and quantitative (enzyme assay) analysis. Keywords: Basidiomycetes, White rot fungi, Lignolytic enzymes, Laccase, MnP. INTRODUCTION fungi and their ability to degrade complex and Lignin is the most abundant renewable aromatic recalcitrant organic molecules also makes them polymer and is known as one of the most attractive microorganisms for bioremediation of recalcitrant biomaterials on earth Crawford soil contaminated by organic pollutants. -
Annotated Check List and Host Index Arizona Wood
Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood-Rotting Fungi Item Type text; Book Authors Gilbertson, R. L.; Martin, K. J.; Lindsey, J. P. Publisher College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ) Rights Copyright © Arizona Board of Regents. The University of Arizona. Download date 28/09/2021 02:18:59 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/602154 Annotated Check List and Host Index for Arizona Wood - Rotting Fungi Technical Bulletin 209 Agricultural Experiment Station The University of Arizona Tucson AÏfJ\fOTA TED CHECK LI5T aid HOST INDEX ford ARIZONA WOOD- ROTTlNg FUNGI /. L. GILßERTSON K.T IyIARTiN Z J. P, LINDSEY3 PRDFE550I of PLANT PATHOLOgY 2GRADUATE ASSISTANT in I?ESEARCI-4 36FZADAATE A5 S /STANT'" TEACHING Z z l'9 FR5 1974- INTRODUCTION flora similar to that of the Gulf Coast and the southeastern United States is found. Here the major tree species include hardwoods such as Arizona is characterized by a wide variety of Arizona sycamore, Arizona black walnut, oaks, ecological zones from Sonoran Desert to alpine velvet ash, Fremont cottonwood, willows, and tundra. This environmental diversity has resulted mesquite. Some conifers, including Chihuahua pine, in a rich flora of woody plants in the state. De- Apache pine, pinyons, junipers, and Arizona cypress tailed accounts of the vegetation of Arizona have also occur in association with these hardwoods. appeared in a number of publications, including Arizona fungi typical of the southeastern flora those of Benson and Darrow (1954), Nichol (1952), include Fomitopsis ulmaria, Donkia pulcherrima, Kearney and Peebles (1969), Shreve and Wiggins Tyromyces palustris, Lopharia crassa, Inonotus (1964), Lowe (1972), and Hastings et al. -
Why Mushrooms Have Evolved to Be So Promiscuous: Insights from Evolutionary and Ecological Patterns
fungal biology reviews 29 (2015) 167e178 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/fbr Review Why mushrooms have evolved to be so promiscuous: Insights from evolutionary and ecological patterns Timothy Y. JAMES* Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA article info abstract Article history: Agaricomycetes, the mushrooms, are considered to have a promiscuous mating system, Received 27 May 2015 because most populations have a large number of mating types. This diversity of mating Received in revised form types ensures a high outcrossing efficiency, the probability of encountering a compatible 17 October 2015 mate when mating at random, because nearly every homokaryotic genotype is compatible Accepted 23 October 2015 with every other. Here I summarize the data from mating type surveys and genetic analysis of mating type loci and ask what evolutionary and ecological factors have promoted pro- Keywords: miscuity. Outcrossing efficiency is equally high in both bipolar and tetrapolar species Genomic conflict with a median value of 0.967 in Agaricomycetes. The sessile nature of the homokaryotic Homeodomain mycelium coupled with frequent long distance dispersal could account for selection favor- Outbreeding potential ing a high outcrossing efficiency as opportunities for choosing mates may be minimal. Pheromone receptor Consistent with a role of mating type in mediating cytoplasmic-nuclear genomic conflict, Agaricomycetes have evolved away from a haploid yeast phase towards hyphal fusions that display reciprocal nuclear migration after mating rather than cytoplasmic fusion. Importantly, the evolution of this mating behavior is precisely timed with the onset of diversification of mating type alleles at the pheromone/receptor mating type loci that are known to control reciprocal nuclear migration during mating. -
Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Characterization of Commercial Pomegranate Juices
antioxidants Article Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Sensory Characterization of Commercial Pomegranate Juices Sonia Esposto, Gianluca Veneziani, Agnese Taticchi, Stefania Urbani, Roberto Selvaggini, Beatrice Sordini * , Luigi Daidone, Giacomo Gironi and Maurizio Servili Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Via San Costanzo s.n.c., 06126 Perugia, Italy; [email protected] (S.E.); [email protected] (G.V.); [email protected] (A.T.); [email protected] (S.U.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (L.D.); [email protected] (G.G.); [email protected] (M.S.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-075-5857951; Fax: +39-075-5857916 Abstract: We undertook a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the bioactive compounds, volatile substances, sensory profile, and antioxidant activity of eight different commercial pomegranate juices (PJs) differing by cultivation area, processing (from concentrate (CPJ) or not (NCPJ)), and mi- crobial stabilization. Punicalins were the main ellagitannins, whereas the predominant anthocyanin was cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, followed by cyanidin 3-glucoside. Total phenols, tannins, hydrolyzable tannins, and anthocyanins in the investigated juices ranged from 1379.9 to 3748.8 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/L, 394.8 to 895.2 mg GAE/L, 150.8 to 2374.2 mg ellagic acid/L, and 0 to 281 mg • cyanidin 3-glucoside/L, respectively. Antioxidant activity, determined by DPPH , FRAP, and ABTS, was positively correlated with the total phenolic compounds and hydrolyzable tannins. Alcohols, Citation: Esposto, S.; Veneziani, G.; acids, and furans were the volatile groups that best described the differences between juices. -
Punicalin Alleviates OGD/R-Triggered Cell Injury Via TGF-Β-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle in Neuroblastoma Cells SH-SY5Y
Hindawi Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2021, Article ID 6671282, 11 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6671282 Research Article Punicalin Alleviates OGD/R-Triggered Cell Injury via TGF-β-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle in Neuroblastoma Cells SH-SY5Y Tiansong Yang,1 Qingyong Wang,2 Yuanyuan Qu,2 Yan Liu,1 Chuwen Feng,1 Yulin Wang,2 Weibo Sun,3 Zhongren Sun ,2 and Yulan Zhu4 1First affiliated hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China 2Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China 3Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China 4Department of Neurology, %e Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China Correspondence should be addressed to Zhongren Sun; [email protected] Received 21 October 2020; Revised 21 October 2020; Accepted 7 January 2021; Published 12 February 2021 Academic Editor: Muhammad Farrukh Nisar Copyright © 2021 Tiansong Yang et al. /is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Purpose. /e research aimed to identify the active component from Punica granatum L. to alleviate ischemia/reperfusion injury and clarify the underlying mechanism of the active component alleviating ischemia/reperfusion injury. Materials and Methods. /e SH-SY5Y cell model of oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) was established to simulate the ischemia/ reperfusion injury. According to the strategy of bioassay-guided isolation, the active component of punicalin from Punica granatum L. was identified. Flow cytometry and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the effects of OGD/R and/or punicalin on cell cycle arrest. -
A Review on Antihyperglycemic and Antihepatoprotective Activity of Eco-Friendly Punica Granatum Peel Waste
Hindawi Publishing Corporation Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 656172, 10 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/656172 Review Article A Review on Antihyperglycemic and Antihepatoprotective Activity of Eco-Friendly Punica granatum Peel Waste Sushil Kumar Middha,1 Talambedu Usha,2 and Veena Pande1 1 Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand 263136, India 2 Department of Biotechnology & Biochemistry, Maharani Lakshmi Ammanni College for Women, Bangalore 560012, India Correspondence should be addressed to Veena Pande; veena [email protected] Received 28 December 2012; Revised 25 March 2013; Accepted 25 April 2013 Academic Editor: Edwin L. Cooper Copyright © 2013 Sushil Kumar Middha et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Over the past decade, pomegranate (Punica granatum) is entitled as a wonder fruit because of its voluminous pharmacological properties. In 1830, P. g ranatum fruit was first recognized in United States Pharmacopeia; the Philadelphia edition introduced the rind of the fruit, the New York edition the bark of the root and further 1890 edition the stem bark was introduced. There are significant efforts and progress made in establishing thepharmacological mechanisms of peel (pericarp or rind) and the individual constituents responsible for them. This review provides an insight on the phytochemical components that contribute too antihyperglycemic, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic effect, and numerous other effects of wonderful, economic, and eco- friendly pomegranate peel extract (PP). 1. Introduction containing sacs packed with a fleshy, juicy, red or whitish pulp. -
Evaluation of Punicalagin Niosomes for Skin Aging
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 24 March 2021 Evaluation of Punicalagin Niosomes for Skin Aging Ebtesam A. Mohamada, Aya A. Alyb, Aya A. Khalafb, Mona I. Ahmedb, Reham M. Kamelb, Sherouk M. Abdelnabyb, Yasmine H. Abdelzaherb, Marize G. Sedrak b, Shaker A. Mousac a Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; b Biotechnology / Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; c The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, NY, USA *Corresponding Author: Shaker A. Mousa, PhD, MBA, FACC, FACB Professor of Pharmacology and Chairman of The Pharmaceutical Research Institute Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA Email: [email protected] Tel: +1-518-694-7397 & Fax: +1-518-694-7567 Abstract Skin aging is one of the most common problems facing humanity. It occurs because of altering the balance between free radicals and antioxidants and increasing the amount of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) in skin cells, which leads to oxidative stress especially when exposed to UV radiation. Antioxidants can neutralize the harmful effects of ROS, and secondary plant metabolites can help protect against UV radiation. In this study, punicalagin was extracted from pomegranate and concentrations of total polyphenolics and flavonoids were determined and antioxidant activities measured. Punicalagin was loaded onto niosomes and its morphology and release were studied. An in vitro study was performed on human fibroblast cell line HFB4 cells with aging induced by H2O2 and UV radiation. Cell cycle arrest was studied and different genes (MMP3, Col1A1, Timp3, and TERT) involved in the skin aging process were selected to measure punicalagin's effect. -
Pomegranate: Nutraceutical with Promising Benefits on Human Health
Preprints (www.preprints.org) | NOT PEER-REVIEWED | Posted: 8 September 2020 Review Pomegranate: nutraceutical with promising benefits on human health Anna Caruso 1, +, Alexia Barbarossa 2,+, Antonio Tassone 1 , Jessica Ceramella 1, Alessia Carocci 2,*, Alessia Catalano 2,* Giovanna Basile 1, Alessia Fazio 1, Domenico Iacopetta 1, Carlo Franchini 2 and Maria Stefania Sinicropi 1 1 Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036, Arcavacata di Rende (Italy); anna.caruso@unical .it (Ann.C.), [email protected] (A.T.), [email protected] (J.C.), [email protected] (G.B.), [email protected] (A.F.), [email protected] (D.I.), [email protected] (M.S.S.) 2 Department of Pharmacy‐Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70126, Bari (Italy); [email protected] (A.B.), [email protected] (Al.C.), [email protected] (A.C.), [email protected] (C.F.) + These authors equally contributed to this work. * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: The pomegranate, an ancient plant native to Central Asia, cultivated in different geographical areas including the Mediterranean basin and California, consists of flowers, roots, fruits and leaves. Presently, it is utilized not only for the exterior appearance of its fruit but above all, for the nutritional and health characteristics of the various parts composing this last one (carpellary membranes, arils, seeds and bark). The fruit, the pomegranate, is rich in numerous chemical compounds (flavonoids, ellagitannins, proanthocyanidins, mineral salts, vitamins, lipids, organic acids) of high biological and nutraceutical value that make it the object of study for many research groups, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. -
Isolation and Characterization of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium Mutants Resistant to Antifungal Compounds Duy Vuong Nguyen
Isolation and characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resistant to antifungal compounds Duy Vuong Nguyen To cite this version: Duy Vuong Nguyen. Isolation and characterization of Phanerochaete chrysosporium mutants resistant to antifungal compounds. Mycology. Université de Lorraine, 2020. English. NNT : 2020LORR0045. tel-02940144 HAL Id: tel-02940144 https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/tel-02940144 Submitted on 16 Sep 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. AVERTISSEMENT Ce document est le fruit d'un long travail approuvé par le jury de soutenance et mis à disposition de l'ensemble de la communauté universitaire élargie. Il est soumis à la propriété intellectuelle de l'auteur. Ceci implique une obligation de citation et de référencement lors de l’utilisation de ce document. D'autre part, toute contrefaçon, plagiat, reproduction illicite encourt une poursuite pénale. Contact : [email protected] LIENS Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 122. 4 Code de la Propriété Intellectuelle. articles L 335.2- -
278-281 Research Article Computational Studies on The
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2014, 6(9):278-281 ISSN : 0975-7384 Research Article CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Computational studies on the antiobesity effect of polyphenols from pomegranate leaf Sudeep H. V.* and Shyam Prasad K. Department of Biomedicinal Research, Vidya Herbs Pvt. Ltd, #101, Jigani II phase, Bangalore, Karnataka, India _____________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT Different polyphenols present in Pomegranate leaves were docked into validated drug targets of obesity which include enzymes pancreatic lipase and fat mass and obesity associated protein (FTO). The in silico calculations predicted that lowest energy docked poses of phenolic compounds can interact with catalysis-dependent residues, thus making them possible catalytic inhibitors and of course physiologically active. Compounds that possess a number of hydrogen-bond-accepting and/or -donating groups like phenolics and quinones show extensive interactions with the targets. Based on the ligand-protein interaction we can conclude that phenolic principles like Punicalagin, corilagin, punicalin and apigenin thus offer profound promise as anti-obesity drugs. This study has immediate applications in development of non-toxic drugs/nutraceuticals that may safeguard human populations against severe complications associated with obesity. Key words: Docking, Obesity, Pomegranate, Polyphenols _____________________________________________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION Weight gain and obesity are major risk factors for the health complications ranging from insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus to atherosclerosis and the sequelae of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease[1]. Physiologically, obesity is a disarray of energy balance and primarily considered as a disorder of lipid metabolism[2]. The condition is associated with a growing number of enzymes involved in lipid metabolic pathways. -
Punicalagin Content and Antifungal Activity of Different
horticulturae Article Punicalagin Content and Antifungal Activity of Different Pomegranate (Punica ganatum L.) Genotypes Domenico Rongai 1,*, Patrizio Pulcini 1, Giovanni Di Lernia 1, Paolo Nota 1, Pjerin Preka 2 and Filomena Milano 1 1 CREA-DC Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, via C.G Bertero, 22, 00156 Rome, Italy 2 CREA-OFA Research Centre for Olive, Citrus and Tree fruit, Via di Fioranello, 52, 00134 Rome, Italy * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 May 2019; Accepted: 1 July 2019; Published: 16 July 2019 Abstract: This study investigated the antifungal activity of a number of pomegranate genotypes. Since the main compound of pomegranate extract is punicalagin, an important substance involved in antifungal and antimicrobial activity, we analyzed the contents of punicalagin (α and β) in 21 different pomegranate genotypes. Ellagic acid content, total phenolic content, acidity and pH were also determined. This work allowed us to determine which genotypes of pomegranate can be used to obtain extracts with the highest content of punicalagin, with the goal of developing a green alternative to synthetic pesticides. To improve the extraction system from pomegranate peel fruits, several different solvents were tested. All the pomegranate genotypes tested showed antifungal activity; some genotypes were able to almost completely inhibit the fungus, while others had very low inhibitory activity. Research results also showed that the use of water as a solvent for extraction is very effective, especially when it is combined with ethanol. This is very important for the practical use of the extracts since water is economical and environmentally friendly. The research showed that among the genotypes there is also great variability regarding the chemical parameters. -
Re-Thinking the Classification of Corticioid Fungi
mycological research 111 (2007) 1040–1063 journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/mycres Re-thinking the classification of corticioid fungi Karl-Henrik LARSSON Go¨teborg University, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Box 461, SE 405 30 Go¨teborg, Sweden article info abstract Article history: Corticioid fungi are basidiomycetes with effused basidiomata, a smooth, merulioid or Received 30 November 2005 hydnoid hymenophore, and holobasidia. These fungi used to be classified as a single Received in revised form family, Corticiaceae, but molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that corticioid fungi 29 June 2007 are distributed among all major clades within Agaricomycetes. There is a relative consensus Accepted 7 August 2007 concerning the higher order classification of basidiomycetes down to order. This paper Published online 16 August 2007 presents a phylogenetic classification for corticioid fungi at the family level. Fifty putative Corresponding Editor: families were identified from published phylogenies and preliminary analyses of unpub- Scott LaGreca lished sequence data. A dataset with 178 terminal taxa was compiled and subjected to phy- logenetic analyses using MP and Bayesian inference. From the analyses, 41 strongly Keywords: supported and three unsupported clades were identified. These clades are treated as fam- Agaricomycetes ilies in a Linnean hierarchical classification and each family is briefly described. Three ad- Basidiomycota ditional families not covered by the phylogenetic analyses are also included in the Molecular systematics classification. All accepted corticioid genera are either referred to one of the families or Phylogeny listed as incertae sedis. Taxonomy ª 2007 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduction develop a downward-facing basidioma.