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University of Southern Denmark Roadmap on Plasmonics Stockman University of Southern Denmark Roadmap on plasmonics Stockman, Mark I.; Kneipp, Katrin; Bozhevolnyi, Sergey I.; Saha, Soham; Dutta, Aveek; Ndukaife, Justus; Kinsey, Nathaniel; Reddy, Harsha; Guler, Urcan; Shalaev, Vladimir M.; Boltasseva, Alexandra; Gholipour, Behrad; Krishnamoorthy, Harish N.S.; Macdonald, Kevin F.; Soci, Cesare; Zheludev, Nikolay I.; Savinov, Vassili; Singh, Ranjan; Groß, Petra; Lienau, Christoph; Vadai, Michal; Solomon, Michelle L.; Barton, David R.; Lawrence, Mark; Dionne, Jennifer A.; Boriskina, Svetlana V.; Esteban, Ruben; Aizpurua, Javier; Zhang, Xiang; Yang, Sui; Wang, Danqing; Wang, Weijia; Odom, Teri W.; Accanto, Nicolò; De Roque, Pablo M.; Hancu, Ion M.; Piatkowski, Lukasz; Van Hulst, Niek F.; Kling, Matthias F. Published in: Journal of optics DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/aaa114 Publication date: 2018 Document version: Accepted manuscript Citation for pulished version (APA): Stockman, M. I. (Ed.), Kneipp, K., Bozhevolnyi, S. I., Saha, S., Dutta, A., Ndukaife, J., Kinsey, N., Reddy, H., Guler, U., Shalaev, V. M., Boltasseva, A., Gholipour, B., Krishnamoorthy, H. N. S., Macdonald, K. F., Soci, C., Zheludev, N. I., Savinov, V., Singh, R., Groß, P., ... Kling, M. F. (2018). Roadmap on plasmonics. Journal of optics, 20(4), 1-40. [043001]. https://doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/aaa114 Go to publication entry in University of Southern Denmark's Research Portal Terms of use This work is brought to you by the University of Southern Denmark. Unless otherwise specified it has been shared according to the terms for self-archiving. If no other license is stated, these terms apply: • You may download this work for personal use only. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying this open access version Page 1 of 45 AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - JOPT-104224 1 2 3 4 Roadmap on plasmonics 5 6 Mark I Stockman1, Katrin Kneipp2, Sergey I. Bozhevolnyi3, Soham Saha4, Aveek Dutta4, Justus 7 Ndukaife4, Nathaniel Kinsey4,5, Harsha Reddy4, Urcan Guler4, Vladimir M. Shalaev4, Alexandra 8 4 6 7 6 7 9 Boltasseva , Behrad Gholipour , Harish N. S. Krishnamoorthy , Kevin F. MacDonald , Cesare Soci , 6,7 6 7 8 8 10 Nikolay I. Zheludev , Vassili Savinov , Ranjan Singh , Petra Groß , Christoph Lienau , Michal 11 Vadai9, Michelle L. Solomon9, David R. Barton III9, Mark Lawrence9, Jennifer A. Dionne9, Svetlana 12 V. Boriskina10, Ruben Esteban11,12, Javier Aizpurua11, Xiang Zhang13, Sui Yang13, Danqing Wang14, 13 14 14,15,16 17,18 19,20 14 Weijia Wang , Teri W. Odom , Niek van Hulst and Matthias Kling 15 16 17 18 19 20 Affiliations: 21 22 1 23 Center for Nano-Optics (CeNO) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State 24 University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA 25 26 2Hildegard-Jadamowitz-Str.26, 10243 Berlin, Germany 27 28 3Center for Nano Optics, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, 29 30 Denmark 31 32 4School of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 33 West Lafayette, IN, USA 34 35 5 Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 36 37 VA, USA 38 39 6Optoelectronics Research Centre & Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, 40 Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK 41 42 7 43 Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, 44 Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore 45 46 8Institut für Physik and Center of Interface Science, Carl von Ossietzky Universität, 26129 47 Oldenburg, Germany 48 49 9 50 Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, 51 USA 52 53 10Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 54 Massachusetts 02139, USA 55 56 11 57 Materials Physics Center CSIC-UPV/EHU and Donostia International Physics Center DIPC, San 58 Sebastian 20018, Spain 59 60 AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - JOPT-104224 Page 2 of 45 1 2 3 12IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, Bilbao 48013, Spain 4 5 13 6 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, United States 7 8 14Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United 9 States 10 11 15Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 12 13 60208, United States 14 15 16Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States 16 17 17ICFO−Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 18 19 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain 20 18 21 ICREA—Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010 Barcelona, Spain 22 23 19Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany 24 25 20Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany 26 27 28 29 30 *Guest editor of the roadmap 31 32 Email: [email protected] 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 Abstract 40 41 Plasmonics is a rapidly developing field at the boundary of physical optics and condensed matter 42 43 physics. It studies phenomena induced by and associated with surface plasmons – elementary polar 44 excitations bound to surfaces and interfaces of nanostructured good metals. This Roadmap is written 45 collectively by prominent researchers in the field of plasmonics. It encompasses selected aspects of 46 nanoplasmonics. Among them are fundamental aspects such as quantum plasmonics based on 47 48 quantum-mechanical properties of both underlying materials and plasmons themselves (such as their 49 quantum generator, spaser), plasmonics in novel materials, ultrafast (attosecond) nanoplasmonics, etc. 50 Selected applications of nanoplasmonics are also reflected in this Roadmap, in particular, plasmonic 51 waveguiding, practical applications of plasmonics enabled by novel materials, thermo-plasmonics, 52 53 plasmonic-induced photochemistry and photo-catalysis. This Roadmap is a concise but authoritative 54 overview of modern plasmonics. It will be of interest to a wide audience of both fundamental 55 physicists and chemists and applied scientists and engineers. 56 57 58 59 60 Page 3 of 45 AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - JOPT-104224 1 2 3 4 5 6 Contents 7 8 1. Foreword 9 2. Plasmonics for Raman probing at the single molecule level and at the nanoscale 10 3. Plasmonic waveguides and circuits 11 12 4. Practical applications of plasmonics enabled by new materials 13 5. Chalcogenide plasmonics: Topological insulators and phase-change media 14 6. Superconductor plasmonics 15 7. Plasmonic nanoscopy 16 17 8. Controlling photochemistry with plasmonic nanoparticles 18 9. Thermoplasmonics: turning material losses into performance gain 19 10. Quantum plasmonics 20 11. Plasmon lasers: coherent light source at the single molecular scale 21 22 12. Nanoarray lasing spasers 23 13. Ultrafast broad-band control of resonant optical nanoantennas and nanoparticles 24 14. Attosecond tracing of plasmonic fields 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 AUTHOR SUBMITTED MANUSCRIPT - JOPT-104224 Page 4 of 45 1 2 3 This enhancement is of a purely resonant origin: the 4 1. Foreword – Mark I. Stockman amplitude of the SPs coherently accumulates over the 5 Georgia State University Q optical periods. The resonant enhancement of the 6 7 local fields is at the foundation of many fundamental 8 Plasmonics: Introduction phenomena and a multitude of applications of 9 This brief collective review is devoted to the place of plasmonics. Among these applications are surface 10 plasmonics among sciences and its current state and enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) [4], sensing and 11 future perspectives. Plasmonics studies optical detection [5], nanoscopy [6], and many others. 12 phenomena at the surfaces and interfaces of 13 Roadmap and Current Progress in Plasmonics nanostructured metals with dielectrics and 14 Here we very briefly overview Sections of this 15 semiconductors. These phenomena are due to elementary excitations called surface plasmons, which Roadmap, their fundamental foundations, and 16 application progress and perspectives. 17 are coherent collective oscillations of electrons with 18 respect to the lattice. Plasmons are polar excitations: Historically, the first “killer” application of 19 they are accompanied by appearance of surface charges nanoplasmonics was SERS where Raman scattering 20 oscillating at optical frequencies. These oscillations from molecules at nano-rough plasmonic-metal 21 cause appearance of enhanced optical fields strongly surfaces was enhanced by eight or more orders of 22 localized at metal surfaces and interfaces. magnitude. The enhancement and the contrast of SERS 23 becomes so large in the near-infrared region that even 24 There are two main types of surface plasmons: running surface waves called surface plasmon polaritons single molecules can be detected [7], which opens up a 25 wide area of application in chemical and biomedical 26 (SPPs) and localized, standing excitations called studies and practices. Section 2 by Kneipp is devoted 27 localized surface plasmons (LSPs) or simply surface 28 plasmons (SPs). The SPPs were predicted by Ritchie to to single-molecule Raman probing. 29 manifest themselves in scattering of fast electrons [1] Another well-developed application of nanoplasmonics 30 and later observed [2]. The LSP’s exist at the surfaces has been
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