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Foundation Document Overview, Gates of The NATIONAL PARK SERVICE • U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Foundation Document Overview Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve Alaska Contact Information For more information about the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve Foundation Document, contact: [email protected] or (907) 457-5752 or write to: Superintendent, Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, 4175 Geist Road, Fairbanks, AK 99709 Purpose Significance and Fundamental Resources and Values Significance statements express why Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve resources and values are important enough to merit national park unit designation. Statements of significance describe why an area is important within a global, national, regional, and systemwide context. These statements are linked to the purpose of the park unit, and are supported by data, research, and consensus. Significance statements describe the distinctive nature of the park and inform management decisions, focusing efforts on preserving and protecting the most important resources and values of the park unit. Fundamental resources and values are those features, systems, processes, experiences, stories, scenes, sounds, smells, or other attributes determined to merit primary consideration during planning and management processes because they are essential to achieving the purpose of the park and maintaining its significance. © Carl Johnson Wilderness: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve is acknowledged as the premier wilderness park in the national park system, protecting 8.4 million acres of diverse arctic ecosystems. • Designated Wilderness • Wilderness Character The purpose of Gates of the Arctic • Diverse Arctic Ecosystems National Park and Preserve is to • Science in Wilderness preserve the vast, wild, undeveloped • Unique Geological Features character and environmental integrity • Contiguous Wilderness of Alaska’s central Brooks Range and to provide opportunities for wilderness recreation and traditional subsistence uses. © Carl Johnson Significance and Fundamental Resources and Values Wild Rivers: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve Subsistence: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve serves as the headwaters for six designated Wild Rivers protects habitats and resources in consultation with local that support natural systems and human activities across rural residents to provide subsistence opportunities on northern Alaska. lands that have long supported traditional cultures and • Traditional and Historic Routes local residents. • Recreational Opportunities • Caribou Migration Range • Populations of Fish and Wildlife • Subsistence Resources • Pristine Water • Habitats • Geologic Processes • Cultural Knowledge • Resident Zone Communities Wildlife: Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve • Anaktuvuk Pass protects a functioning arctic, mountain ecosystem in its • Spiritual and Cultural Landscape entirety and provides habitat of world importance for naturally occurring plant and animal populations. Cultural Resources: Gates of the Arctic National Park and • Habitats Preserve protects a 12,000-year record of human cultural • Caribou Migration Corridors adaptations to high latitude mountain environments and an • Breeding Bird Habitat unbroken tradition of living on the land. • Wildlife Populations • Archeological Sites • Research and Monitoring • Museum Collections and Archives • Alaska Native History and Culture Wilderness Experience: Gates of the Arctic National Park • European American History and Culture and Preserve provides visitors with opportunities for solitude and challenging wilderness adventures within a remote and vast arctic landscape. • Wilderness Character • Opportunity for Solitude • Wilderness Dependent Species • Wilderness Recreation • Natural Soundscapes • Scenic Landscapes Description Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve was established on December 2, 1980, under the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA), to maintain the wild and undeveloped character and environmental integrity of the area, to provide continued opportunities for mountain climbing and other wilderness recreational activities, to protect habitat for and populations of fish and wildlife, and to permit subsistence uses where such uses are traditional. Lying north of the Arctic Circle in Alaska, Gates of the Arctic is situated in the central Brooks Range, the northernmost extension of the Rocky Mountains, and encompasses 8.4 million acres of land. Gates of the Arctic is composed of the national park (approximately 7.5 million acres) and two units containing 948,608 acres that make up the national preserve. Altogether, the park and preserve is nearly 200 miles long and 130 miles wide, including both the north and south slopes of the Brooks Range. With adjacent Kobuk Valley National Park and Noatak National Preserve, these lands form one of the largest protected parkland areas in the world. Gates of the Arctic is also the nation’s second-largest NPS wilderness area, with more than 7 million acres designated wilderness. The park and preserve is characterized by rugged peaks, glaciated arctic valleys, wild rivers, and many lakes. Six designated wild rivers—the Alatna, John, Kobuk, Noatak, North Fork of the Koyukuk, and the Tinayguk—are among the numberless waterways transecting Gates of the Arctic. Foothills become waves of mountain peaks rising to elevations of 4,000 feet, with the tallest limestone and granite ridges reaching over 7,000 feet. Two designated national natural landmarks, the Arrigetch Peaks and Walker Lake, are within Gates of the Arctic. The landscape is covered by sparse black spruce forests (called taiga), boreal forest, and arctic tundra. The park contains major portions of the range and habitat of the Western Arctic caribou herd. Moose, Dall’s sheep, wolverines, wolves, and grizzly and black bears also inhabitant the land. Although the landscape appears virtually untouched by contemporary civilization, people have lived here for at least 12,000 years and the park is blanketed with numerous archeological and historic sites. Gates of the Arctic is important for subsistence activities by local residents, who harvest fish, wildlife, and vegetation in the park. r ) d Co Rive lville a o R The park and preserve is l u a er H Riv ( r r e e y v i iv a R hw R K ig ur H k located approximately 200 air u T H S L O r p O R P E n o a N e lto t k v a i D r r i le R n d a v n a a r h g a e C k v S i u r R h e miles north of Fairbanks. No s v NATIONAL i k u O Fortress u n R v u a R t u t N w i v PARK k a e Mountain a s k r Castle Mtn n li h l ARCTIC i A k 2870ft t WILDERNESS I trails, bridges, signs, or visitor 3409ft Galbraith k Lake NATIONAL u 874m l v 1039m i t E WILDLIFE Itkillik NATIONAL PETROLEUM C r Lake e REFUGE e r k e v services exist within the park or RESERVE IN ALASKA i Kurupa Shainin R Lake r Lake Rive un tig preserve, and no roads provide NATIONAL Island A Lake N Howard Pass i k PRESERVE g i Chandler l u l i Lake K R A N G access. The closest road is the E Oolah Lake r e Anaktuvuk Pass iv S Atigun R A N niuk R iv K Pass o Iikhkluk Mountain e r Ernie Pass r t Agiak Oolah h Summit D 3650ft O Lake F E Lake o Dalton Highway which is more a Pass a r s k 1112m O te l r k S t N C I e o e h r r A n a e C n R v NOATAK NATIONAL d T i H a r e R e i la N n r C C v i r i R A re giak re uk i A k g p e R E v PRESERVE B r e k oyu e than 5 miles from the park’s il k U K Mount Doonerak r C h No re O a e 7457ft w tak k H n h u a n o M k 2273m R t i J y ve F r For o r Gates of the Arctic ( GATES OF THE ARCTIC k H H eastern boundary. Hiking into J Frigid Crags a Akiknaak Peaks o m a h Boreal Mountain n NATIONAL m u h R 5501ft t o iv r 2880ft er 6654ft n l o NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE d R Lake N Im Hunt Fork PARK 1677m o 877m e r ly Matcharak 2028m e Lake a a k v T R i iv e d the park from the highway is R J WILDERNESS T r o i ata ) No k h n R T a n y i g v Riv e er u k r Pingo Lake O k ra R e ive ks C r possible; however, access to a R n A r la U iv t I e NATIONAL na r Rive Ri D PARK ve r Big r e N i o c Lake Gates of the Arctic is almost r a WILDERNESS N Wild th l S G r Lake e r C F v e o i iv Circle r R H k R W Lake E e A K Wiseman n o T o t K y k s Mount Igikpak u u exclusively by small aircraft. d A k k e u u R M 8510ft Arrigetch Peaks k y O o U K NT 2594m 7190ft Takahula AI Lake R N i S v 2192m e One Nunamiut (Iñupiat) r k Coldfoot For r Amble e r iv R r e le v d i J id R o M village, Anaktuvuk Pass, lies W h Walker n i l Lake d Iniakuk k Lake u R b iv o e within the park boundary. K Areas of private land exist r R i within the park and preserve v e r Nutuvukti Lake boundaries.
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