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Life of Oliver Goldsmith

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Life of Oliver Goldsmith GOLDSMITH B Y AUSTIN DOBS ON " L1BRJJBRMfr I UNIVERSITY[NlVERSI^OF C/tLlBORNIA S/^J DIEGO ! " Great Writers." EDITED BV PROFESSOR ERIC S. ROBERTSON, M.A. LIFE OF GOLDSMJTH. LIFE BY AUSTIN DOBSON LONDON WALTER SCOTT 34 WARWICK LANE, PATERNOSTER ROW 1888 (All rights reserved.) CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE of Pallas The Goldsmith family ; Rev. Charles Goldsmith, ; Oliver Goldsmith born there, November 10, 1728; removal to 1 first Lissoy, 730 ; Oliver's teachers, Elizabeth Delap has the and Thomas Byrne ; childish characteristics ; further school- smallpox ; anecdotes connected therewith ; at ing Elphin, Athlone, and Edgeworthstown ; adventure at Ardagh ; sizar at Trinity College, Dublin, June II, 1744; his tutor Theaker Wilder ; dislike to mathematics and in small logic ; involved a college riot, May, 1747 ; gets a exhibition ; disastrous results ; runs away from college ; of his returns ; writes songs for ballad-singers ; anecdote benevolence; takes his B.A. degree, February 27, 1749; relics of college life n CHAPTER II. for Waiting orders ; rejected by the Bishop of Elphin, 1751 ; tutor to Mr. Flinn ; sets out for America, and returns ; letter starts to his mother ; again fruitlessly as a law student to ; goes to Edinburgh study medicine ; becomes a member of the Medical Society there, January 13, 1753 ; life in Scotland starts for Paris adventures ; ; by the way ; CONTENTS. PAGE life leaves arrives at Leyclen ; there ; Leyden, February, 1755; travels on foot through Flanders and France; of Voltaire further travels travelling tutor (?) ; anecdote ; ; 26 arrives in England, February I, 1756 . ... CHAPTER III. first on Prospect and retrospect ; struggles reaching England ; comedian, apothecary's journeyman, poor physician, press- of corrector to Richardson ; writes a tragedy ; projects Eastern assistant at Peckham ; exploration ; Academy miseries of an usher ; Peckham memories ; bound to Griffiths the bookseller, April, 1757; literature of all Griffiths work ; criticism of Gray ; quarrels with ; "Memoirs of a Protestant" published, February, 1758; returns to Peckham; new hopes; meditating "Enquiry " into Polite Learning ; letters to Mills, Bryanton, Mrs. Lawder (Jane Contarine); obtains and loses appointment as medical officer at Coromandel ; rejected at Surgeons' Hall as a hospital mate, December 21, 1758 . .42 CHAPTER IV. Pen-portrait of Goldsmith in 1759 ; No. 12, Green Arbour difficulties with Griffiths Court, Old Bailey ; ; writing " " letter Memoirs of Voltaire ; to Henry Goldsmith, February, 1759; visit from Dr. Percy, March; "Enquiry " into Polite Learning published, April 2 ; account of that its contributions book ; reception ; to The Busy Body, and T/ie Lady's Magazine; The See, October to its reference to November; Johnson ; minor verse . 59 CHAPTER V. Amenities of for authorship ; Newbery and Smollett ; work " The British of Miss Magazine; "History Stanton ; other contributions; The Public Ledger; Chinese letters begun, January 24, 1760; The Lady's Magazine ; CONTENTS. 7 PAGE moves into 6, Wine Office Court, Fleet Street ; entertains " Johnson there May 31, 1761 ; "Memoirs of Voltaire " " published ; History of Mecklenburgh published, February 26, 1762; Cock Lane Ghost pamphlet; "Citizen " of I the World published, May ; account of that book ; " " The Man in Black" and "Beau Tibbs ; anecdotes; I Plutarch's lives begun, May ; out of town; "Life of " of Nash published, October 14 ; sale third share in " " Vicar of Wakefield to Benjamin Collins, printer, of Salisbury, October 28 ..,.., 74 CHAPTER VI. Goldsmith at Salisbury (?) ; removes to Mrs. Fleming's at Mrs. for Islington; Fleming's bills; hack-work Newbery ; " History of England in a Series of Letters from a Noble- " his man to Son published, June 26, 1764 ; Hogarth at his of Mrs. Islington ; portraits Fleming (?) and Goldsmith ; " its first The Club," 1764 ; origin and members ; Gold- " " " smith as he struck his contemporaries ; writing The " at Traveller Islington ; publication of that poem, its dedication to his brother December 19 ; Henry ; influence Johnson's and opinion ; characteristics and bibliography ; sum paid to author . , , , SS CHAPTER VII. " " Essays : by Mr. Goldsmith published, June 4, 1765 ; the with visits poetical essays ; makes acquaintance Nugent ; Northumberland House; "Edwin and Angelina" as a privately printed ; resumes practice physician ; episode of Mrs. Sidebotham ; "The Vicar of Wakefield" published, March 27, 1766; Boswell's "authentic" account variants of Mrs. of the sale of the manuscript ; Piozzi, Hawkins, Cumberland, and Cooke ; attempt to harmonize the Johnson story and the Collins purchase ; date of com- position of book ; its characteristics ; theories of Mr. Ford and sale ; bibliography ...... 104 8 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. PAGE "The Vicar" and "The Traveller" as investments; trans- " lation of Formey's History of Philosophy and Philoso- " " " phers published, June, 1766; Poems for Young Ladies published," December 15; English Grammar written; "Beauties of English Poesy" published, April, 1767; St. at letter to the James's Chronicle, July ; living Canon- at the visited Parson Scott bury House ; Temple ; by ; " " the Roman History ; Wednesday Club ; popularity of a " genteel comedy ; plans play ; story of The Good Natur'd " its at 1 Man ; production Covent Garden, January 29, 768 ; first his its reception ; Goldsmith on the night ; gains ; Davies on the dramatis persona ; Johnson on Goldsmith 122 CHAPTER IX. Brick relaxations Moves to 2, Court, Middle Temple ; and the recollections festivities ; Seguin ; death of Henry " Goldsmith ; begins "The Deserted Village ; methods of " " poetical composition ; Shoemaker's Holidays ; Gold- " " smith's companions ; The Shoemaker's Paradise at Mr. the barrister old Edgeware ; Bott, ; compilations and new; prologue to Mrs. Lennox's "Sister"; a dinner at Professor of to the Boswell's ; appointed History Royal letter Academy, December ; to Maurice Goldsmith, January; portrait painted by Reynolds; "The Deserted " Village published, May 26, 1770; depopulation theory; of identity Auburn and Lissoy ; enduring qualities of the farewell poem ; to poetry ; amount received by author . 137 CHAPTER X. " " Life of The Horneck family ; Thomas Pamell published, July 13, 1770; visit to Paris, and letters to Reynolds; " of " Abridgment Roman History," September ; Life " of Bolingbroke published, December ; Lord Clare and "The Haunch of Venison"; at the Royal ' ' " dinner at " Academy ; Edgeware ; History of England CONTENTS. 9 PAGE letter to published, August 6, 1771 ; Langton, September 17; prologue to Cradock's "Zobeiue," December n ; " " Threnodia Augustalis published, February 20, 1772; letter in of prose and verse to Mrs. Bunbury ; story " " of at She Stoops to Conquer ; production that play Covent Garden, March 15, 1773; its success . 154 CHAPTER XI. libellous its A attack and sequel ; dining out at Oglethorpe's and Paoli's; "The Grumbler"; more task work; "Grecian History"; "Dictionary of Arts and Sciences" ; "Retali- " ation ; epitaphs on Garrick and Reynolds ; epitaph on last Caleb Whitefoord ; illness; dies, April 4, 1774; buried on the gth in the burying-ground of the Temple Church ; Johnson's epitaph ; memorials and statue . 173 CHAPTER XII. as to character Portraits of Goldsmith ; testimonies ; money difficulties and "folly of expense "; alleged love of play; of fine clothes and entertainments ; generosity and and in benevolence ; alleged envy malice; position society; conclusion . conversation; relations with Johnson ; .186 APPENDIX. Letters to Daniel Hodson and Thomas Bond, noiv first pub- lished 203 INDEX 207 LIFE OF GOLDSMITH. CHAPTER I. the researches of the first biographers of Oliver IFGoldsmith are to be relied upon, the Goldsmith family was of English origin, the Irish branch having migrated from this country to Ireland somewhere about the sixteenth century. One of the earliest members traced by Prior was a certain John Goldsmyth, who, in 1541, held the office of searcher in the port of Galway, and was shortly afterwards promoted by Henry VIII. to be Clerk of the Council. A descendant of this John, according to tradition, married one Juan Romeiro, a Spanish gentleman, who, having travelled in Ireland, finally took up his abode there. His children, retaining the name and the Protestant faith of their mother, settled in Roscommon, Longford, and Westmeath, where of old many traces of them existed which have now disappeared. Some became clergymen, and, during the rebellion of 1641, did not escape the animosity attaching to their cloth. Nor was this their solitary distinction. The maiden name of James Wolfe's mother was Goldsmith, and the Goldsmiths consequently claimed kinship with the conqueror of Quebec. Another and more shadowy 12 LIFE OF connection was supposed to exist with Oliver Cromwell, from whom the poet was wont to declare that his own Christian name was derived. But as his maternal grand- father was called Oliver Jones, it is probable that no great importance need be attached to this assertion. It is more to the point to note that the whole of the Irish Goldsmiths seem to have been distinguished by common " characteristics. Even as, in the later Vicar of Wake- " field," the Blenkinsops could never look straight before them, nor the Hugginses blow out a candle," so the actual ancestors of the author of that immortal book have a marked mental likeness. They may, indeed, be described in almost the exact words applied to the Primrose family. They were "all equally generous, credulous,
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