E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 116 CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION

Vol. 166 WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 15, 2020 No. 9 Senate The Senate met at 10 a.m. and was gressive foreign policy and that Iran pursue their own subpoenas through called to order by the President pro would likely spend the money made the courts. They declined to litigate tempore (Mr. GRASSLEY). available through that deal on eco- potential questions of privilege. They f nomic development for the good of its pulled the plug as soon as Speaker people. Instead, under the direction of PELOSI realized she had enough Demo- PRAYER General Soleimani, Iran accelerated its crat votes to achieve a political out- The Chaplain, Dr. Barry C. Black, of- effort at regional domination, funding come. fered the following prayer: terrorist organizations like Hamas and This isn’t really about Ukraine pol- Let us pray. Hezbollah in the Palestinian territories icy or military assistance money. It Eternal God, we whisper our prayer and Lebanon, pro-Iranian militias in can’t be because, for one thing, promi- boldly before Your throne of grace. You Iraq, the Assad regime in Syria, and nent Democrats were promising to im- have invited us to come to You with all the Houthi rebels fomenting civil war peach President Trump years—years— our needs. We thank You for our re- in Yemen. Iran did all of that with before those events even happened. quests that You have already an- money from the Iran agreement. The day this President was inaugu- swered. We have sought and found. We Meanwhile, the suffering Iranian peo- rated, the Washington Post said: ‘‘The have knocked and walked through open ple staged widespread demonstrations campaign to impeach President Trump doors. against their government, which were has begun.’’ That was the day he was Lord, with Your grace and mercy, met with a violent crackdown that inaugurated, stated in the Washington strengthen our lawmakers for their killed hundreds. Years of appeasement Post. journey. Prepare them for the ravages didn’t work, but it looks like President More than 2 years ago, Congressman of the valley and the chill of the moun- Trump’s deterrence is having positive JERRY NADLER was campaigning to be tain summits. Guide them, great Re- effect. the top Democrat on the House Judici- deemer. They are pilgrims on this I yield the floor. ary Committee, specifically because he Earth. They are weak, but You are f was an impeachment expert. mighty. Inspire them to keep their Just a few weeks ago, when a re- eyes on You and not the problems that RECOGNITION OF THE MAJORITY porter asked Speaker PELOSI why the seem too difficult to solve. LEADER Democrats were in such a hurry, here We pray in Your Holy Name. Amen. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ma- is her response: f jority leader is recognized. Speed? It’s been going on for 22 months. f Two and a half years, actually. PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE That is really interesting—really, The President pro tempore led the IMPEACHMENT really interesting. The events over Pledge of Allegiance, as follows: Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, which the Democrats want to impeach I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the today it appears that the House Demo- happened just 6 months ago—just 6 United States of America, and to the Repub- crat majority will finally stand behind months ago—not 21⁄2 years ago. lic for which it stands, one nation under God, its decision to impeach the President So how has impeachment been under- indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. of the United States. Last year, the way for 21⁄2 years? The Speaker tried to The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. House of Representatives rushed say she was referring to the Mueller in- CRAMER). The Senator from Iowa. through the least thorough and most vestigation, except the House couldn’t Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, I ask unclear impeachment inquiry in Amer- impeach on the Mueller investigation unanimous consent to address the Sen- ican history. They took just 12 weeks— because the facts let them down; re- ate for 1 minute in morning business. 12 weeks. member? The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without There was more than a year of hear- The House impeached over events in objection, it is so ordered. ings before the impeachment of Presi- Ukraine, events that happened only 6 f dent Nixon. There were multiple years months ago, but they still admit this of investigation for President Clinton. was years in the making. It was not IRAN When people are serious about com- some earnest factfinding mission that Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, when piling evidence and proving a case, brought us to where we are. This is not President Obama signed the Iran deal, these things take time. about the nuances of foreign assistance we were led to believe that this rap- That is not what happened this time. to Eastern Europe. This has been prochement with the Iranian regime House Democrats performed a pale imi- naked partisanship all along—naked would induce Iran to moderate its ag- tation of a real inquiry. They did not partisanship all along.

∑ This ‘‘bullet’’ symbol identifies statements or insertions which are not spoken by a Member of the Senate on the floor.

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VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.000 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S202 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 If that weren’t already obvious, our UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA A bill (S. 3193) to amend the Controlled colleague the Senate Democratic lead- TRADE AGREEMENT Substances Act to list fentanyl-related sub- er helpfully removed any shred of stances as schedule I controlled substances, Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, on and for other purposes. doubt just this past weekend. Here is an entirely different matter, before the Mr. MCCONNELL. In order to place what he said: He told reporters that as Senate shifts into the trial, we hope to the bill on the calendar under the pro- long as he can try to use the trial to complete an enormous accomplishment visions of rule XIV, I object to further hurt some Republican Senators’ reelec- for this administration and, most im- proceedings. tion chances, then whatever happens, portantly, for American families. It The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- ‘‘it’s a win-win.’’ That is what the has now been more than 1 year—1 tion having been heard, the bill will be Democratic leader said. This is a stun- year—since President Trump ham- placed on the calendar. ning statement. mered out the USMCA with the Gov- Presidential impeachment may be ernments of Mexico and Canada. f the gravest process our Constitution These two neighbors buy more than RESERVATION OF LEADER TIME contemplates. It undoes the people’s $5 billion of American goods and serv- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under decision in a national election. Going ices every single year. They buy nearly about it in this subjective, unfair, and the previous order, the leadership time 30 percent of all the food and agricul- is reserved. rushed way is corrosive to our institu- tural products we export to the entire tions. It hurts national unity, and it world, and for 90 percent of our manu- f virtually guarantees—guarantees—that facturing sectors, Mexico or Canada MORNING BUSINESS future Houses of either party will feel rank as the No. 1 or No. 2 export des- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under free—free—to impeach any future tination. President because they don’t like him. the previous order, the Senate will be Over the past quarter of a century, 12 in a period of morning business, with If you don’t like him, impeach him. million U.S. jobs have come to depend That is the message coming out of this. Senators permitted to speak therein on U.S. trade with Mexico and Canada. for up to 10 minutes each. But as long as our colleague the That includes many livelihoods in my Democratic leader can weaponize this Mr. MCCONNELL. I suggest the ab- home State of Kentucky, from agri- sence of a quorum. process in the next election, he thinks culture to manufacturing, to aerospace ‘‘it’s a win-win.’’ That really says it The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and motor vehicles, to our signature clerk will call the roll. all; doesn’t it? That really sums it up. industries, like distilled spirits. This partisanship led House Demo- The senior assistant legislative clerk That is why workers, families, and crats to cross a rubicon that every proceeded to call the roll. small businesses in Kentucky and other House of Representatives had Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask around the Nation have been clamoring avoided for 230 years. They passed the unanimous consent that the order for to get this deal done for a year now. In first Presidential impeachment that the quorum call be rescinded. addition to all the American liveli- does not even allege an actual crime The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without hoods that this commerce already sup- under our laws. We had a 230-year tra- objection, it is so ordered. ports, experts predict the USMCA will dition of rejecting purely political im- f create 176,000 new jobs as well. peachments, and it died last month in On behalf of all of these Americans, IMPEACHMENT this House of Representatives. we were troubled to see Speaker PELOSI So Speaker PELOSI and the House Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, before I slow walk this agreement for the bet- have taken our Nation down a dan- make remarks on a different issue, I ter part of a year. But, finally, late last gerous road. If the Senate blesses this would like to address comments made year, the overwhelming bipartisan unprecedented and dangerous House this morning by the majority leader, pressure to move forward made an im- process by agreeing that an incomplete the Senator from Kentucky. The first pact on the House. So we are finally on case and a subjective basis are enough related, as most of his comments re- the threshold of approving this agree- to impeach a President, we will almost cently, to the pending impeachment ment and sending it to President guarantee the impeachment of every trial in the U.S. Senate. Trump’s desk to become law. future President of either party when I listened carefully to his arguments Our colleagues on the Finance Com- the House doesn’t like that President. that the House and the Senate have mittee have already approved it by an This grave process of last constitu- moved too quickly on this matter. It is overwhelming margin. Other commit- tional resort will be watered down into true that they moved with dispatch, tees of jurisdiction are wrapping up the kind of anti-democratic recall and I think it reflects the fact that the their consideration as we speak. Very measure that the Founding Fathers ex- charges that have been made were soon, we hope the Senate will be able plicitly—explicitly—did not want. timely, important, and relevant to the The Senate was designed to stabilize to vote on the floor and put this land- election campaign cycle which we now our institutions, to break partisan fe- mark accomplishment right on the face. vers, and to stop short-term passions President’s desk. The charges in the Articles of Im- from destroying our long-term future. It will be a major win for Kentucky peachment suggest the President, in House Democrats may have descended and for all 50 States, a major win for conversation with the President of into pure factionalism, but the U.S. our country, a major win for the Ukraine, asked for help in the cam- Senate must not. Trump administration, and a major paign that is about to ensue, asking This is the only body that can con- win for those of us who are already specifically for investigative material sider all factors presented by the ready to move past this season of toxic on the son of former Vice President Jo- House, decide what has or has not been political noise and get back to doing seph Biden. At the same time, the proven, and choose what outcome best even more of the American people’s President was withholding military as- serves the Nation. This is what we business. sistance voted by the Appropriations must do. f Committee in Congress to Ukraine as f they continue to battle with Russia. MEASURE PLACED ON THE These are serious charges, and they ORDER OF PROCEDURE CALENDAR—S. 3193 were based on a telephone conversation Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, for Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I last July. the information of all Senators, with understand that there is a bill at the It is true that the effort by the House the House signaling that they will desk that is due for a second reading. of Representatives has been timely move forward later today, Members The PRESIDING OFFICER. The and, by measurement of previous im- can expect to receive further guidance clerk will read the title of the bill for peachment investigations, much faster, about the logistics and practicalities of the second time. but I believe that the timeliness is one the next several session days in short The senior assistant legislative clerk of the important elements here because order. read as follows: we are facing this campaign.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.002 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S203 Secondly, there was an argument linois Farm Bureau, both of whom, FOR-PROFIT COLLEGES AND made by the majority leader that the through their organizations, support UNIVERSITIES Articles of Impeachment which we are the USMCA trade agreement that is Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, this about to receive in the Senate do not about to come before Congress. There week the House of Representatives will state that a crime was committed. I were a lot of smiles and laughter in the have the opportunity to stand up for would refer the majority leader to the room as these two friends of mine student borrowers who have been de- Constitution as well as to precedent in noted that it is the very first time they frauded by the schools they attended. the U.S. Senate. The actual allegation have ever come together at a press con- The House of Representatives will be of a crime is not required for an im- ference: organized labor and the farm- voting on a resolution introduced by peachment. I think the Senator from ers of the State of Illinois. They both Representative SUSIE LEE of Nevada Kentucky knows that. agree that this USMCA trade agree- which will allow defrauded student The last point he makes is one that I ment is a step forward, an improve- loan borrowers relief from their stu- think is very important, and that is ment over the original NAFTA. They dent debt. that there has been some delay by both endorse it, and I do too. Under the Higher Education Act, cur- Speaker PELOSI in sending the Articles I also want to add that the sugges- rently the law of the land, when a stu- of Impeachment to the U.S. Senate. I tion that somehow Speaker PELOSI, in dent borrower is defrauded by their would say, during the course of the pe- the words of the majority leader, slow- school, they are entitled to have their walked the USMCA really, in a way, ig- riod since they were first voted on last Federal student loans to attend that nores the obvious. In the period of time December in the House and their ar- school discharged. That is what Con- between the original submission of the rival in the Senate this week, we have gress intended. Why? The logic behind USMCA and the vote that will take seen several things of importance un- it is very straightforward. place soon in the U.S. Senate, changes fold, not the least of which was a re- Consider the following: The Federal have been made to the trade agreement cent disclosure of new witnesses and Government recognizes the accredita- which the President submitted to Con- new evidence that has have been col- tion of these schools, colleges, and uni- gress—important changes. For exam- lected since the House voted on the Ar- versities. That accreditation author- ple, there was a provision in the trade izes these schools to offer loans from ticles of Impeachment. In the eyes of agreement submitted by the President the Federal Government to pay for the many, it is relevant evidence, and the to Congress that was a dream come cost of attending. It is a very straight- fact that that information is now true for the pharmaceutical industry of forward process. The schools are ac- available to the Senate means we have the United States. It extended the pe- a better chance of arriving at the truth riod of time of exclusivity for certain credited. The U.S. Government recog- after deliberation. biological drugs in that treaty. What it nizes the accreditation which author- Secondly, I might add it is encour- meant was that these pharmaceutical izes the school to offer courses to stu- aging that some Republican Members companies could continue to charge dents, and then it goes on to say that of the U.S. Senate have made it clear the highest prices on Earth to Amer- students attending those colleges and that they oppose the notion of a mo- ican consumers while delaying any universities will qualify for Federal tion to dismiss the impeachment competition from generic drugs. student loans. Now, that is where this charges as soon as they arrive. That That was a deal-breaker, as far as I particular statement I am about to might have been the dream of some in was concerned. I told everyone in- make becomes particularly relevant. the White House—and perhaps even volved I would not support the Presi- The school makes promises about the some in the U.S. Senate—but cooler dent’s original USMCA with that education they are going to offer to the heads have prevailed, and I salute my sweetheart deal for the pharmaceutical students to entice them to attend and colleagues on both sides of the aisle industry. Thank goodness, because of to borrow money to attend. For exam- who believe we have a special responsi- Speaker PELOSI; our leader on the Sen- ple, the school may tell the students bility to treat this constitutional as- ate side, Senator SCHUMER; and many that the credits they earn at this signment with independence and dig- others, we had that provision removed. school can be transferred to other nity. That means we don’t prejudge by Now the majority leader is criticizing schools, but sometimes that turns out coming to the floor and announcing, in Speaker PELOSI for slow-walking. I to be untrue and false. These schools some critical terms, that the Articles don’t see it as slow-walking. I see it as may tell the students there are jobs of Impeachment should not be taken bargaining, negotiating, and coming up waiting for them in the fields that they seriously. We should take them seri- with the result which made this trade want them to study at the schools. ously. It is a serious matter. I hope col- agreement more acceptable to people They tell them that, after graduation, leagues on both sides of the aisle will on both sides of the aisle. there are plenty of employment oppor- do that. There was also language which the tunities, and oftentimes that turns out f Democrats insisted on ultimately in- to be untrue. In fact, in the case of cluded in the USMCA, which provides some of these schools, they have delib- UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA additional protection for workers in erately misrepresented the job place- TRADE AGREEMENT the United States when it comes to the ment of graduates to create the im- Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, the ma- competition with workers in Mexico pression of success if you complete a jority leader, Senator MCCONNELL, also and Canada, which provides for addi- course. The schools are lying to the addressed the USMCA. This is charac- tional inspections of production facili- students. terized as the NAFTA–2 or ‘‘the new ties in those other countries if there is The school may also promise that, if trade agreement’’ between the United a suspicion that they are engaging in you complete a course at the school, States, Canada, and Mexico. As he the treatment of workers in an unac- you will automatically be qualified for noted, trade among our three countries ceptable manner. In other words, we certain certifications under State law. is critically important to all of us and, put more enforcement provisions in the Sometimes that turns out to be a lie. certainly, to the American economy treaty over the last year while it has They may also tell the students there and to my home State of Illinois. Our been before Congress, as we should—ex- are certain teachers and courses avail- trade with Mexico and Canada eclipses actly what the American people want. able to them if they pay their tuition, all the other trade around the world For the Senator to come to the floor and that may turn out to be untrue as and is important, especially, to our ag- and criticize this as somehow negative well. ricultural sector. and political and slow-walking—I think The law I referred to earlier is in- Just last weekend, in my hometown those two things I have just mentioned tended, when these types of lies and of Springfield, IL, I held a historic are substantive and important and go misrepresentations occur and the stu- press conference. I brought together to the heart of why this agreement now dent is misled into borrowing Federal the President of the Illinois State has strong bipartisan support, which it student loans based on these misrepre- AFL–CIO, Tim Drea of Christian Coun- should have had. I think we have added sentations, to give the defrauded stu- ty in Central Illinois, and Dick to this process by making it truly bi- dent the right to be relieved of the stu- Guebert, who is the president of the Il- partisan. dent loan responsibility under the law.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.004 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S204 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 It makes sense. If the student is lied the education is virtually worthless; schools, trying to get relief from their to, takes out a Federal loan, and it and there are no jobs at the end of the loans. This is from James ‘‘Bill’’ Ox- turns out the school lied to them and rainbow. ford, national commander of the Amer- defrauded them, we don’t want the stu- Some of these schools—for-profit col- ican Legion. He writes: dents saddled with a loan from that leges like Corinthian, ITT Tech, Thousands of student veterans have been school that could literally change their Westwood, Dream Center—preyed on defrauded over the years—promised their lives. students, reaped huge profits, and then credits would transfer when they wouldn’t, Now we have a new Secretary of Edu- conveniently went bankrupt. They may given false or misleading job placement rates cation under President Trump, Betsy be gone, legally gone, but the debts for in marketing, promised one educational ex- DeVos. She has decided to rewrite the the students still live. Others, such as perience when they were recruited, but given rules when it comes to these students something completely different. This type of Ashford, University of Phoenix, Career deception against our veterans and service- receiving relief from the fraud I have Education Corporation, are still out members has been a lucrative scam for un- just described. She places burdens on there doing business. Virtually, all of scrupulous actors. these students that we have not seen these notorious schools have been the As veterans are aggressively targeted due before. Basically, she is saying to the subject of multiple State and local in- to their service to our country, they must be students: Lawyer up. You just can’t vestigations or lawsuits for unfair, de- afforded the right to group relief. The De- make your plea to the Department of ceptive, and abusive practices. Unfor- partment of Education’s ‘‘Borrower Defense’’ rule eliminates this right. Education that you, along with a group tunately, they continue to create more of other students, were defrauded by student victims due to the lack of en- Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- representations in the materials they forcement by our own U.S. Department sent to have printed in the RECORD the distributed or the statements they of Education and loopholes in the laws, letter dated December 18, 2019. There being no objection, the mate- made—not good enough under the new which, sadly, Congress has been unable rial was ordered to be printed in the rule written by Secretary DeVos. What or unwilling to close. she has basically said is that each one Currently, there are more than RECORD, as follows: of these students now has an individual 223,000 claims made by students of THE AMERICAN LEGION, responsibility to prove that that stu- being defrauded and seeking relief Washington, DC, December 18, 2019. dent was defrauded, that there was a Hon. RICHARD DURBIN, under the Higher Education Act—over Senate Dirksen Office Building, representation to that student as op- 200,000 student borrowers whose lives Washington, DC. posed to it being made by the school to have been collared by student loan debt DEAR SENATOR DURBIN: On behalf of the all of the students or in its publica- from these worthless, defrauding nearly 2 million members of The American tions and the like. schools. Legion, I write to express our support for The burdens which Secretary DeVos The claims—223,000 of them—come Joint Resolution 56, providing for congres- now places on defrauded students have from every State in the Union, big and sional disapproval of the rule submitted by led to estimates that only 3 percent of small, red, blue, and purple. There are the Department of Education relating to, the students who have been defrauded ‘‘Borrower Defense Institutional Account- over 11,000 from my State of Illinois; ability.’’ The rule, as currently written, is can possibly expect to receive relief over 19,000 from the State of Florida; fundamentally rigged against defrauded bor- from their student debt—3 percent. 7,800 from Ohio; 6,100 from North Caro- rowers of student loans, depriving them of You might say: Well, these things hap- lina; 3,800 from Colorado; 1,000 from the the opportunity for debt relief that Congress pen. It is a ‘‘buyer beware’’ market. State of West Virginia; 385 in Maine; intended to afford them under the Higher Students ought to know better. Really? and more than 200 in Alaska. Education Act. Affirming this position is When the Federal Government recog- The American people believe these American Legion Resolution No. 82: Preserve nizes an accredited school and says to defrauded student borrowers and future Veteran and Servicemember Rights to Gain- ful Employment and Borrower Defense Pro- that school: You can offer Federal stu- defrauded borrowers deserve help. Ac- dent loans, do we not bear some re- tections, adopted in our National Convention cording to a poll by New America, 78 2017. sponsibility to the student and the percent of Americans believe students Thousands of student veterans have been family if that school lies and misrepre- should have their Federal student defrauded over the years—promised their sents facts to the students? Well, 78 loans forgiven if their schools de- credits would transfer when they wouldn’t, percent of Americans happen to think, frauded them. That includes 87 percent given false or misleading job placement rates yes, we don’t want to have students in of Democrats and 71 percent of Repub- in marketing, promised one educational ex- a predicament where their own futures licans who feel that way. perience when they were recruited, but given are going to be somehow compromised something completely different. This type of This new rule by Secretary DeVos deception against our veterans and because of the fraud by the school. would not allow borrowers to receive servicemembers has been a lucrative scam How many students are affected by the Federal student loan discharge cur- for unscrupulous actors. this? A handful? No. It turns out, a dra- rently in the law. It is why more than As veterans are aggressively targeted due matically large number. Over the last 60 organizations are supporting the res- to their service to our country, they must be decade, tens of thousands of college olution, which the House will vote on afforded the right to group relief. The De- students in America have been de- this week, and the companion resolu- partment of Education’s ‘‘Borrower Defense’’ frauded in ways I just described, lured tion I have introduced in the Senate. rule eliminates this right, forcing veterans into enrolling in classes with false to individually prove their claim, share the Among those supporting our effort specific type of financial harm they suffered, promises and aggressive tactics, only are the American Federation of Teach- and prove the school knowingly made sub- to be left with massive student debt ers, the National Education Associa- stantial misrepresentations. The preponder- and a worthless education and no job. tion, the Student Veterans of Amer- ance of evidence required for this process is Sadly, it is a common occurrence in ica—and one that I want to highlight. so onerous that the Department of Edu- the for-profit college industry. That in- I see there are others on the floor cation itself estimated that only 3 percent of dustry, the for-profit college industry, preparing to speak, so I am going to applicants would get relief. is an industry that can be best de- abbreviate my remarks, but I want to Until every veteran’s application for stu- dent loan forgiveness has been processed, we scribed by two numbers. Nine percent make one last point. will continue to demand fair and timely de- of postsecondary students are enrolled Among the groups supporting our ef- cisions. The rule that the Department of in for-profit colleges and universities forts to undo the borrower defense rule, Education has promulgated flagrantly denies in America. Think about the Univer- promulgated by Secretary of Education defrauded veterans these dignities, and The sity of Phoenix, DeVry, and others. DeVos, is the American Legion. The American Legion calls on Congress to over- Nine percent of students end up in American Legion sent me a letter last turn this regulatory action. schools like that. Yet 33 percent of all month, and, in support of our effort to Senator Durbin, The American Legion ap- the federal student loan defaults are undo the DeVos rule, they said, among plauds your leadership in addressing this critical issue facing our nation’s veterans students from these for-profit colleges other things, that the rule is fun- and their families. and universities—9 percent of the stu- damentally unfair to veterans. Listen For God & Country, dents, 33 percent of the student loan to what they say about the plight of JAMES W. ‘‘BILL’’ OXFORD, defaults. Why? The tuition is too high; veterans having been defrauded by National Commander, The American Legion.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.005 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S205 Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I have is difficult to imagine how students would be James, New York Attorney General; an additional letter from 20 State at- able to obtain the evidence necessary to Joshua H. Stein, North Carolina Attor- torneys general led by the Common- prove intent or recklessness for an adminis- ney General; Josh Shapiro, Pennsyl- wealth of Massachusetts Office of the trative application to the Department. The vania Attorney General; Mark R. Her- rule also inappropriately requires student ring, Virginia Attorney General; Ellen Attorney General. I ask unanimous borrowers to prove financial harm beyond F. Rosenblum, Oregon Attorney Gen- consent to have printed in the RECORD the intrinsic harm caused by incurring fed- eral; Thomas J. Donovan, Jr., Vermont the letter dated January 14, 2020. eral student loan debt as a result of fraud, Attorney General; Bob Ferguson, There being no objection, the mate- and establishes a three-year time bar on bor- Washington State Attorney General. rial was ordered to be printed in the rower defense claims, even though students Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, along RECORD, as follows: typicaJiy do not learn until years later that they were defrauded by their schools. with Attorney General Kwame Raoul THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHU- Compounding these obstacles, the rule arbi- of Illinois and others, signers include SETTS, OFFICE OF THE ATTORNEY trarily eliminates the process by which relief the attorneys general of Maine, Iowa, GENERAL, can be sought on a group level, permitting Pennsylvania, and North Carolina. In Boston, MA, January 14, 2020. those schools that have committed the most their letter, these chief state law en- Senator DICK DURBIN, egregious and systemic misconduct to ben- forcement officers write: Washington, DC. efit from their wrongdoing at the expense of Representative SUSIE LEE, borrowers with meritorious claims who are In issuing the 2019 rule, the Department Washington, DC. unaware of or unable to access relief. has abdicated its Congressionally-mandated DEAR SENATOR DURBIN AND REPRESENTA- We are uniquely well-situated to under- responsibility to protect students and tax- TIVE LEE: We, the undersigned Attorneys stand the devastating effects that the 2019 payers from the misconduct of unscrupulous General of Massachusetts, California, Dela- Rule would have on the lives of student bor- schools. The rule provides no realistic pros- ware, the District of Columbia, Hawai’i, Illi- rowers and their families. State attorneys pect for borrowers to discharge their loans nois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Min- general serve an important role in the regu- when they have been defrauded by predatory nesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, lation of private, postsecondary institutions. for-profit schools . . . if this rule goes into North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Our investigations and enforcement actions effect, the result will be disastrous for stu- Vermont, Virginia, and Washington write to have repeatedly revealed that numerous for- dents while providing a windfall to abusive express our support for the resolution of dis- profit schools have deceived and defrauded schools. approval that you have introduced regarding students, and employed other unlawful tac- Senators are going to get a chance— the U.S. Department of Education’s (‘‘De- tics to line their coffers with federal student- Democrats and Republicans—to undo partment’’) 2019 Borrower Defense Rule loan funds. We have witnessed firsthand the the mess created by the Secretary of (‘‘2019 Rule’’) pursuant to the Congressional heartbreaking devastation to borrowers and Review Act. In issuing the 2019 Rule, the De- their families. Recently, for example, state Education. Senators will get a chance partment has abdicated its Congressionally- attorneys general played a critical role in to stand up for the student loan bor- mandated responsibility to protect students uncovering widespread misconduct at Career rowers who have been defrauded and, and taxpayers from the misconduct of un- Education Corporation, Education Manage- equally important, a chance to stand scrupulous schools. The rule provides no re- ment Corporation, the Art Institute and Ar- up for our veterans. How many speech- alistic prospect for borrowers to discharge gosy schools operated by the Dream Center, es have been delivered on this floor their loans when they have been defrauded ITT Technical Institute, Corinthian Col- about the men and women in uniform by predatory for-profit schools, and it elimi- leges, American Career Institute and others, nates financial responsibility requirements and then working with the Department to and those who have served and how for those same institutions. If this rule goes secure borrower-defense relief for tens of much we honor them? Honor them by into effect, the result will be disastrous for thousands of defrauded students. Though standing with the American Legion students while providing a windfall to abu- this work, we have spoken with numerous and vote to undo the borrower defense sive schools. students who, while seeking new opportuni- rule of Secretary DeVos. The 2019 Rule squanders and reverses re- ties for themselves and their families, were I yield the floor. cent progress the Department has made in lured into programs with the promise of em- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. protecting students from fraud and abuse. ployment opportunities and higher earnings, SASSE). The majority whip. Three years ago, the Department completed only to be left with little to show for their a thorough rulemaking process addressing efforts aside from unaffordable debt. f borrower defense and financial responsi- A robust and fair borrower defense rule is bility, in which the views of numerous critical for ensuring that student borrowers UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA schools, stakeholders, and public com- and taxpayers are not left bearing the costs TRADE AGREEMENT menters were considered and incorporated of institutional misconduct. The Depart- Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, later into a comprehensive set of regulations. The ment’s new rule instead empowers predatory today, the President will sign phase regulations, promulgated by the Department for-profit schools and cuts off relief to vic- in November 20l6 (‘‘2016 Rule’’), made sub- timized students. During the comment pe- one of the trade agreement we are ne- stantial progress toward achieving the De- riod on the 2019 Rule, we submitted these and gotiating with China. Of particular im- partment’s then-stated goal of providing de- other objections to the Department. Rather portance to my State, phase one in- frauded borrowers with a consistent, clear, than engaging with our offices, the Depart- cludes a pledge from China to substan- fair, and transparent process to seek debt re- ment ignored our comments and left our con- tially increase its imports of American lief. At the same time, the 2016 Rule pro- cerns unaddressed. We commend and support agriculture products. tected taxpayers by holding schools account- your efforts to disapprove the 2019 Rule to That is good news for South Dakota. able that engage in misconduct and ensuring protect students and taxpayers. Congress It is good news for farmers and ranch- that financially troubled schools provide the must hold predatory institutions account- government with protection against the able for their misconduct and provide relief ers who have been struggling in a risks they create. to defrauded student borrowers and, by en- tough ag economy. Low commodity The Department’s new rule would simply acting your resolution of disapproval, ensure and livestock prices, natural disasters, rescind and replace its 2016 Rule, reversing that the 2016 Rule remains the operative bor- and protracted trade disputes have all of its enhanced protections for students rower defense regulation. made the last few years challenging and its accountability measures for for-prof- Sincerely, ones for farmers and ranchers around it schools. The Department’s 2019 Rule pro- Maurn Healey, Massachusetts Attorney the country. vides an entirely unfair and unworkable General; Kathleen Jennings, Delaware I spend a lot of time in South Da- process for defrauded students to obtain loan Attorney General; Clare E. Connors, relief and will do nothing to deter and hold Hawai’i Attorney General; Tom Miller, kota, talking to our farmers and ranch- accountable schools that cheat their stu- Iowa Attorney General; Brian E. Frosh, ers. One thing they always emphasize dents. Among its numerous flaws, the De- Maryland Attorney General; Keith is the need for trade deals that will partment’s new rule places insurmountable Ellison, Minnesota Attorney General; open up new markets or expand current evidentiary burdens on student borrowers Hector Balderas, New Mexico Attorney markets for their products. with meritorious claims. The rule requires General; Xavier Becerra, California At- The China deal should significantly student borrowers to prove intentional or torney General; Karl A. Racine, Dis- increase demand for American agricul- reckless misconduct on the part of their trict of Columbia Attorney General; tural products and boost the farm schools, an extraordinarily demanding stand- Kwame Raoul, Illinois Attorney Gen- ard not consistent with state laws governing eral; Aaron M. Frey, Maine Attorney economy. But while this agreement is liability for unfair and deceptive conduct. General; Dana Nessel, Michigan Attor- excellent news, we do need to make Moreover, even where a school has inten- ney General; Gurbir S. Grewal, New sure that China will actually live up to tionally or recklessly harmed its students, it Jersey Attorney General; Letitia its commitments. China doesn’t have

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Americans have never wanted a foreign Senate of the United States-Mexico- It is too bad farmers and ranchers power to have sway over our elections, Canada Agreement. After months of had to wait so long for the USMCA but that is what President Trump is delay by House Democrats, USMCA is trade agreement. This agreement was accused of doing—of soliciting—in finally—finally—moving through Con- concluded well over a year ago, and it these articles. gress. Here in the Senate, it is advanc- could have been taken up much sooner. I would ask my colleagues, and I ing rapidly through the required com- But House Democrats have, unfortu- would ask the American people: Do we mittees, and I expect it will be received nately, been more focused on playing want a foreign power determining who for final Senate consideration in the political games than on working with our President is or do we want the next few days. Republicans to do the American peo- American voters to determine it? It is Last week, I voted in support of this ple’s business. that serious. That is the central ques- agreement in the Senate Finance Com- I am very glad we are taking up this tion: Who should determine who our mittee, and just this morning—a few agreement now, though, and I look for- President and our other elected offi- minutes ago, in fact—I voted for this ward to voting for final passage of cials are? agreement in a meeting of the Senate USMCA in the very near future. We From the early days of the Republic, Committee on Commerce. The United should get this agreement to the Presi- foreigners have tried to interfere, and States-Mexico-Canada Agreement has dent’s desk without delay. from the early days of the Republic, we been a big priority of mine over the I yield the floor. have resisted. Yet, according to these past year, in particular because of the I suggest the absence of a quorum. articles and other things he has done, ways the agreement would benefit The PRESIDING OFFICER. The President Trump seems to aid and abet farmers and ranchers. clerk will call the roll. it. His view is, if it is good for him, Canada and Mexico are the No. 1 and The senior assistant legislative clerk then, that is good enough. That is not No. 2 markets for American agriculture proceeded to call the roll. America. We are a nation of laws—of products, and this agreement will pre- Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, I ask the rule of law, not of the rule of one serve and expand farmers’ access to unanimous consent that the order for man. these two critical export markets and the quorum call be rescinded. So now the Senate’s job is to try the give farmers certainty about what The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without case—to conduct a fair trial on these these markets are going to look like objection, it is so ordered. very severe charges of letting, aiding, going forward. f abetting, and encouraging a foreign I am particularly pleased about the power to interfere in our elections and ways that USMCA will benefit dairy RECOGNITION OF THE MINORITY of threatening them with the cutoff of farmers. If you drive the I–29 corridor LEADER aid—and to determine if the Presi- north of Brookings, SD, you can see The PRESIDING OFFICER. The dent’s offenses merit, if they are prov- firsthand the major dairy expansion Democratic leader is recognized. en, the most severe punishment our South Dakota has experienced over the f Constitution imagines. past several years. IMPEACHMENT The U.S.-Mexico-Canada Agreement The House has made a very strong will preserve U.S. dairy farmers’ role Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, today case, but, clearly, the Senators have to as a key dairy supplier to Mexico, and is a momentous, historic, and solemn see that case and watch it firsthand. A it will substantially expand market ac- day in the history of the U.S. Senate fair trial means the prosecutors who cess to Canada. The U.S. International and in the history of our Republic. The make the case and the President’s Trade Commission estimates that the House of Representatives will send Ar- counsel who provide the defense have agreement will boost U.S. dairy ex- ticles of Impeachment against Presi- all of the evidence available. It means ports by more than $277 million. The dent Trump to the Senate, and the that Senators have all of the facts to agreement will also expand market ac- Speaker will appoint the House man- make an informed decision. That cess for U.S. poultry and egg producers. agers of the impeachment case. means relevant witnesses, and that It will make it easier for American Two articles will be delivered. The means relevant documents. We all producers to export wheat to Canada first charges the President with abuse know that. We all know—every Mem- and much more. of power—of coercing a foreign leader ber of this body, Democrat or Repub- Of course, the benefits of this agree- into interfering in our elections and of lican—that you can’t have a fair, open ment are not limited to farmers and using the powers of the Presidency, the trial, particularly on something as ranchers. The United States-Mexico- most powerful public office in the Na- weighty as impeachment, when we Canada Agreement will benefit vir- tion, to benefit himself. The second don’t have the evidence and the facts. tually every sector of the economy, charges the President with obstruction The precedents of the Senate are from manufacturing to digital services of Congress for an unprecedented clear. Leader MCCONNELL is constantly to the automotive industry. It will cre- blockade of the legislature’s authority citing precedent. Here is one: The Sen- ate hundreds of thousands of new jobs, to oversee and investigate the execu- ate has always heard from witnesses in boost our economic output, and in- tive branch. impeachment trials. There have been 15 crease wages for workers. Let’s put it a different way. completed impeachment trials in the The agreement also breaks new The House of Representatives has ac- history of this country. In every single ground by including a chapter specifi- cused the President of trying to shake one of them, the Senate has heard from cally focused on small and medium- down a foreign leader for personal gain witnesses. Let me repeat that for Lead- sized businesses—the first time a U.S. to help him in his campaign, and he er MCCONNELL’s benefit since he is al- trade agreement has ever included a has done everything possible to cover ways citing the precedent of 1999. dedicated chapter on this topic. it up. This administration is unprece- There have been 15 completed impeach- Roughly, 120,000 small and medium- dented in its not being open, in its de- ment trials, including the one in 1999. sized businesses around our country ex- sire for secrecy, in its desire to prevent In the history of this country, in every port goods and services to Mexico and the public from knowing what it is single one of them, the Senate has Canada, including a number of busi- doing, and it is worst of all when it heard from witnesses. It would be un- nesses in my home State of South Da- comes in an impeachment trial. precedented not to. President John- kota. The United States-Mexico- Can- The two offenses are the types of of- son’s impeachment trial had wit- ada Agreement will make it easier for fenses the Founders had in mind when nesses—41 of them. President Clinton’s

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They are disappear, and have gone bankrupt in body that history will not look kindly not Democratic witnesses. They are the time it has taken the President to on. not our witnesses. They are just wit- reach the deal. Each day that goes by, the case for nesses, plain and simple. Each of them Reading the reporting of phase one of witnesses and documents gains force has firsthand information about the the trade deal feels like watching a bad and gains momentum. Last night, a charges against the President. rerun of the past 10 years of botched new cache of documents, including doz- So, as the House prepares to send the trade negotiations with China. I fear ens of pages of notes, text messages, articles to the Senate today, it is time that President Xi is laughing at us be- and other records, shed light on the ac- for us—all of us—to turn to the serious hind our backs for having gained so tivities of the President’s associates in job of conducting a fair trial, one that much at our expense. The United Ukraine. The documents paint a sordid the American people will accept as States concedes our leverage, and in picture of the efforts by the President’s fair, not as a coverup and not as some- exchange, China makes vague, unen- personal attorney, Rudy Giuliani, and thing that has hidden the evidence. forceable promises it never intends to his associate, Lev Parnas, to remove a The focus of Senators on both sides fulfill. We have seen this over and over sitting U.S. Ambassador and to pres- must fall on the question of witnesses again. China agrees to something, and sure Ukraine President Zelensky to an- and documents. they don’t do it. nounce an investigation of one of the f President Trump complained about President’s political rivals. Part of the President Obama and President Bush CHINA plot to remove Ambassador and others when they signed these Yovanovitch involved hiring a cheap Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, on deals and nothing happened, and he is Republican operative to follow her China, later this morning the President doing the same darn thing—the same around and monitor her movements. is expected to take part in the signing darn thing. It is no wonder they How low can they go? ceremony for the so-called phase 1 haven’t made it public. They are afraid Just when you think that President trade agreement with China. that when people actually read it, they Trump and his network couldn’t pos- Now, I have commended the Presi- will see that it is not good for America sibly get any more into the muck, re- dent for his instincts when it has come and that the Chinese took us hook, ports suggest they are even dirtier to China. At one point, his instincts line, and sinker. than you could imagine. I saw a nov- were to be strong and tough. I have If I sound frustrated and angry, it is elist on TV this morning. He said: If I compared his stances previously to because I am. Even today, an hour be- had brought this plot to my publisher, those of previous administrations. I fore the deal is signed by the President, he would have rejected it. He would was rooting for the President to suc- I have to use phrases like ‘‘appear to’’ have said it was absurd, that it could ceed for the sake of jobs and wealth and ‘‘according to reports’’ because the never happen, and that people will not and the economy in this country, and I administration has shrouded the de- believe it. told him that personally. So this phase tails of the agreement in secrecy and Well, here it is, led by President 1 deal is an extreme disappointment to kept the text of the deal under lock Trump, who, again, cares not for the me and to millions and millions of and key. The Trump administration morals, ethics, and honor of this coun- Americans who want to see us make doesn’t want the details of the agree- try as much as he cares about himself. China play fairly. President Trump’s ment to come out before they can spin To allegedly have some cut-rate po- phase 1 trade deal with China is a his- it because it knows that once the de- litical operative stalk an American toric blunder. Several harmful policies tails come out, everyone will see that Ambassador at the direction of the and practices are reportedly China has taken President Trump to President’s lawyer, potentially with unaddressed. the cleaners. President Trump, the the President’s ‘‘knowledge and con- First, there appear to be no commit- great negotiator, has been totally out- sent’’—that is what one of the emails ments to end China’s subsidy program negotiated by President Xi. read—I mean, how much more can that continues to hurt U.S. industries Just like on impeachment, the Presi- America take in the decline of our and workers at all levels. dent and his team are afraid of the morals, our values, and our standing in Second, there appear to be no com- truth. They don’t want anyone to see the world? mitments to reform the Chinese policy the facts or the truth; they just want I don’t care who you are—Democrat, of state-owned enterprises, which un- to spin. If the Trump administration Republican, liberal, conservative. fairly compete with American enter- were proud of this deal, they would Doesn’t this kind of thing bother you if prises and take American jobs away hold it up to the world and shout it anyone does it, let alone the President while they are allowed to freely sell from the mountaintops. Instead, they of the United States? here and while our best companies have kept it hidden. They want to spin I don’t know how any Member of this can’t sell there. it, but they can’t spin away the fact body could pick up the newspaper this Third, there appear to be no commit- that this deal is a bad deal for Amer- morning, read this new revelation, and ments to curtail the illegal dumping of ican workers, American companies, not conclude that the Senate needs ac- Chinese products into our markets, American jobs, and American wealth. cess to relevant documents like these which puts American firms out of busi- Even today—the day the agreement in the trial of President Trump. The re- ness and workers out of jobs. will be signed—we have been told we lease of this new information dramati- Fourth, glaringly, there appear to be may not get all the details. cally underscores the need for wit- no significant commitments to defi- Given the absurd secrecy surrounding nesses and for documents. nitely end China’s predatory and fla- President Trump’s phase one trade The Republican leader has, so far, op- grant cyber theft of American intellec- deal, I expect that once everyone gets posed Democratic requests to call for tual property, which has stolen a gen- to take a look at it in the light of day, factfinding witnesses and to subpoena eration of American jobs and American they will find that the administration three specific sets of relevant docu- wealth. has signed one of the most tragically ments. Despite their having no argu- Fifth, concerning what the deal one-sided agreements in recent mem- ment against them, the Republicans’ achieves in terms of agricultural pur- ory. position at the moment is to punt the chases, it appears the Trump adminis- Even the farmers—President Trump question of witnesses and documents tration has not addressed the fact that sold out the structural changes to try until after both sides finish their pres- China has existing contracts with to help the farmers—when they look at entations. Then, they say they will countries like Brazil and Argentina. It the specifics, they are going to see that

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President Trump when Donald Trump, in issue after We now have this huge digital economy may have just squandered it indefi- issue—one of the most egregious being that did not exist back in the early nitely—a severe and potentially irrep- this border wall—takes the power away nineties when NAFTA was adopted, so arable loss for the American people, from Congress, away from the Amer- it definitely makes sense—it always American businesses, American work- ican people, and arrogates it onto his makes sense to modernize, to update. ers. own personal wishes? But I think it is very clear that mod- Given how poorly trade deal one was I yield the floor. ernizing and updating were not the executed with China, I have virtually I suggest the absence of a quorum. driving motivations for renegotiating no faith that trade deal two, if it ever The PRESIDING OFFICER. The NAFTA and adopting USMCA. The fun- comes about, will be any better. In clerk will call the roll. damental reason was that we have a fact, most Americans should fear it if The legislative clerk proceeded to trade deficit with Mexico. It is pretty it is anything like this one. call the roll. persistent every year. It is not a huge f Mr. TOOMEY. Mr. President, I ask deficit, but we have a trade deficit with unanimous consent that the order for Mexico, and that was deemed to be un- BORDER SECURITY the quorum call be rescinded. acceptable to the administration. Mr. SCHUMER. Mr. President, on the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without So the fundamental purpose of re- wall, yesterday the Washington Post objection, it is so ordered. negotiating NAFTA and the reason reported that the Trump administra- f Mexico and Canada had to be coerced tion is planning to divert $7.2 billion in into this new agreement was so that we UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA funding from the Defense Department could diminish exports from Mexico. TRADE AGREEMENT to fund his border wall with Mexico. Despite the fact that economists uni- Once again, the administration pro- Mr. TOOMEY. Mr. President, it ap- versally understand that a trade deficit poses stealing this funding from mili- pears that we are likely to be consid- with a country like Mexico is a mean- tary families and counterdrug pro- ering some version of the USMCA, im- ingless measure, nevertheless, that is grams, bringing the total amount that plementing legislation this week, so I the goal. the President has stolen—stolen—from want to address this agreement, but in Since trade in cars and car parts is our troops and our families to over $13 order to do that, I think we have to the source of the trade deficit with billion. start with the underlying NAFTA Mexico, it is the auto sector that bears The last time the President took agreement, which has been in place for the brunt of the restrictions. money away from military construc- some years, and ask a question, which Let me suggest that one useful way tion, serious military projects suf- is, Why did we go down the path of re- to think about USMCA is that it is fered—schools in Kentucky, medical fa- negotiating NAFTA in the first place? NAFTA with two categories of cilities in North Carolina, and hurri- Let’s start there. changes. The first category is the mod- cane recovery projects in Florida. Now As I can imagine, one reason that one est constructive modernizations I al- the President wants to take even more might want to renegotiate a trade luded to. They are mostly taken from money away from these projects for a agreement is if the trade agreement in the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agree- border wall that he promised Mexico question were not a reciprocal agree- ment that had been negotiated by a would pay for. This is another slap in ment. If it treated one party dif- previous administration. Examples in- the face to our Armed Forces, their ferently than it treated the other par- clude requiring that there be free dig- families, and all of the places through- ties, then you might question whether ital trade. So you can’t impose a tax on out America that have military bases that is a fair arrangement and might a data transfer, for instance, or you that need new construction funding. decide that if it is not, it needs to be can’t impose a tariff on software, and Some Senate Democrats strongly op- revisited. That certainly would not de- you can’t require that data be stored pose this action. We will continue to scribe NAFTA. NAFTA is entirely re- locally. These are good things. oppose the transfer of counterdrug ciprocal. It is important to note they are codi- funding for the wall, and we will force Another reason one might decide to fying existing practices. Canada, Mex- yet another vote to terminate the renegotiate a trade agreement is if ico, and the United States do not cur- President’s bogus national emergency there were tariffs—meaning it wasn’t rently impose obstacles and tariffs on declaration and return these much really a free-trade agreement; it was an this kind of economic activity. Under needed military construction funds agreement that maybe changed the USMCA, they won’t be able to; it will back to the military, to the men and terms of trade. But if you still had tar- be codified. So we will make perma- women in our Armed Forces, and to iffs, you might decide, as a free-trader nent that which is already the prac- their families. Our Republican friends, like me, that it would be a good idea to tice. There is a very, very tiny reduc- hopefully, will join us in that vote. renegotiate so that we can eliminate tion in Canadian protectionism with President Trump is once again sub- the remaining tariffs. respect to dairy products. verting the will of Congress—once Well, that certainly isn’t the motiva- For the most part, these modernizing again thumbing his nose at the Con- tion, either, because with NAFTA, features are modest, they come from stitution. The Founders gave Congress there are zero tariffs on 100 percent of TPP, but most importantly, they could the power of the purse, not the Presi- manufactured goods that cross the bor- have been achieved without the second dent, and this Chamber has refused re- ders of any of the three countries that category of changes I am about to de- peatedly to fund the President’s wall. are parties and zero tariffs on 97.5 per- scribe. They could have been achieved But whether it is to Federal appropria- cent of agricultural goods. So really because they weren’t really controver- tions, foreign policy, or our oversight there is not much more to do on the sial. authority, President Trump seems to tariff side. The other important category of have little regard for constraints By the way, that is true about any changes to NAFTA that USMCA con- placed on the Executive. He seems to other kinds of restrictions on trade. tains is a full series of protectionist view the Constitution as merely a nui- There are no quotas, no obstacles. This measures that are designed to diminish sance, some inconvenient obstacle in is a free-trade agreement. That is what trade and/or investment. So for the the way of his personal and political it is. It is fair, it is free, and it is recip- first time in certainly modern times, interests. It is time for Democrats and rocal among the three countries. As a we are going to consider a trade agree- Republicans to say: Enough. matter of fact, since NAFTA was ment that is designed to diminish I would say one final thing to my adopted, U.S. exports to Mexico, for in- trade, which should be very disturbing conservative friends. The true founda- stance, have increased 500 percent. for those of us who understand how

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The question is, What is the de- to pass labor laws designed to facilitate auto parts with respect to Mexico. The fault setting? Do we assume the ar- the unionization of their factories. It is agreement imposes minimum wage re- rangement continues, or do we assume none of our business what the labor quirements that are designed to be im- the arrangement ends? Unfortunately, laws are in Mexico, but we forced them possible for Mexican factories to meet, in USMCA, it all comes to an end. to pass these laws. and when they don’t meet them, Mexi- There is another provision that is Then it gets worse. The USMCA cre- can autos and auto parts will be sub- very disturbing, and that is the almost ates this elaborate mechanism by ject to a tax. So Americans who buy complete destruction of what is known which American taxpayers are forced these cars will have to pay a tax on as the investor-state dispute mecha- to pay to enforce Mexican labor laws. them. This is designed to make Mexico nism. This is the mechanism by which Richard Trumka, from the AFL–CIO, and Mexican factories less productive. American investors in Canada and said: ‘‘For the first time there truly We have folks who think that is Mexico, in this case, can adjudicate a will be enforceable labor standards—in- somehow a good thing for the United dispute because sometimes the local cluding a process that allows for the States. It is not. This minimum wage court in those countries does not treat inspections of factories and facilities requirement and the tariffs that will the foreign investor—the American in- that are not living up to their obliga- follow from it will simply make the en- vestor—in that country fairly. That tions.’’ tire North American auto industry less happens sometimes. So he is alluding to the mechanism competitive because we have inte- So 50 or more of our bilateral invest- that is established in USMCA to allow grated supply chains, and American do- ment treaties and trade agreements site inspections. I remind my col- mestic manufacturers use parts that have this mechanism, the investor- leagues that this agreement is fully re- originate in Mexico. Those parts will state dispute settlement mechanism, ciprocal. I wonder how much American now be more expensive. It will mean so that if an American investor or an businesses are going to appreciate hav- higher prices for American consumers, American employer with an invest- ing Mexican inspectors come in to in- who will have to pay more money for a ment overseas in one of these countries spect their facilities to see if they are car and therefore will have less money is being treated unfairly, they have a in compliance with American labor available for any of the other things place to go to get a fair adjudication of law. This is there because it is per- they would like to consume. It will their dispute. ceived to be in organized labor’s eco- probably lead to an increase or accel- In March of 2018, 22 currently serving nomic interests. eration in the shift to automation be- Republican Senators sent a letter to First, it increases the expense and di- cause when you artificially establish the Trade Representative. It says: minishes the productivity of Mexican an arbitrary wage rate that is ‘‘ISDS provisions at least as strong as plants, which some people think is a unaffordable, it creates an incentive to those contained in the existing NAFTA good thing. I think it is a bad thing for avoid labor costs entirely with automa- must be included in the modernized American consumers to have to pay tion. All of that means fewer jobs. agreement to win congressional sup- more than necessary. But in any case, We are already seeing a reduction. port.’’ American taxpayers are going to pay We have a terrific economy generally, There is actually a broad consensus hundreds of millions of dollars over but the manufacturing sector is actu- about its importance, which is why it years to enforce another country’s ally not participating in this tremen- is in every other trade agreement we labor laws. dous expansion. We have been losing have ever had. But USMCA completely Another provision that was insisted jobs in manufacturing as a result of guts these investor protections. It lim- on in the latter parts of the negotia- tariffs we have been imposing. its it very narrowly to just several sec- tion is the removal of intellectual With the full anticipation of this tors in Mexico and eliminates it en- property protection for biologics. As agreement coming, the auto sector in tirely in Canada. The irony of this is, you know, biologics are complex new the United States of America has been in the 30 years that we have had these medicines derived from living cells. It shedding jobs. We have been losing jobs investor-state dispute settlement pro- is one of the most exciting things in as employers in this sector see where visions, every time the United States medicine because it has allowed sci- we are heading on this policy. That is was a litigant, the United States won. entists to use living organisms—or one item. This has been a jurisdiction that has these cells from living organisms—to Another way we are restricting trade been very, very helpful to the United produce wonderful, wonderful curative is by arbitrarily putting an expiration States, and we have given it away. It is medicines. It is very exciting. date on this trade agreement. It ex- out the door. That is because there are Under U.S. law, when a business de- pires 16 years from the date of enact- some, I think, advocates for elimi- velops such a new medicine, which ment. There is a mechanism by which, nating this who think, in a classic pro- comes at enormous cost to get it to if all three parties unanimously and si- tectionist mindset, that an investment market, we provide 12 years’ worth of multaneously agree, they can extend in another country necessarily comes what we call data exclusivity. It is the it, but the default setting is for this at an expense to investment in Amer- exclusive ability to market that medi- thing to go away, for this to expire. ica. That is completely wrong. Most in- cine so that the company can recoup We have never put a termination vestment overseas is meant to serve the billions of dollars that are spent date on a trade agreement. On all of overseas markets, and it results in jobs developing it. the trade agreements we have done— in the United States in management Well, 12 years is the period of protec- and there are dozens—we have never and supervision and accounting and tion we provide for that intellectual had an expiration, and there is a good planning and all kinds of aspects of property. When the Trans-Pacific Part- reason. The reason is, as you get any- overseeing that investment overseas. nership was being negotiated, the where close toward that expiration But now we are going to have a chill Obama administration insisted on at date, an uncertainty emerges about imposed on this activity. least 8 years. We are the only country what the trade regime would be like if Well, those provisions I just de- that is, by far, the leading country in the agreement is not extended. That scribed were the deal as it was reached developing this new category of medi- has a chilling effect on trade and in- back in May, and at that point, our cine. We are the ones who have the in- vestment, so it is a very bad idea. Democratic colleagues said that the centive to protect this intellectual Our Trade Rep has argued that, well, agreement was not acceptable. So our property. Other countries—such as these trade agreements ought to be re- Trade Rep and a number of House Mexico, Canada, and other countries negotiated periodically anyway. First Members, in particular, entered into a around the world—don’t really care

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.013 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S210 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 about protecting it because it is not To conclude on the substantive mat- Congress so that Congress can then theirs. They argue for less intellectual ters, we took a true free trade agree- consider how it might want to make property protection; we argue for more. ment, and we added some constructive changes since this is, after all, our re- That is the general nature of the con- features. We did some modernizing sponsibility. The administration chose text. from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, not to do that at all. They finalized As I said, under the Trans-Pacific which was constructive, but then we this agreement in early to mid-Decem- Partnership, everybody had agreed on 8 slapped on an expiration date. We im- ber, and there was a vote on the House years. Not in USMCA. In USMCA, we posed costly new restrictions on one of floor on the final version of the imple- agreed to zero—zero—no period of data our trading partners. We eliminated menting language within a week or exclusivity to protect the intellectual the dispute settlement mechanism for so—nothing close to the 30-day period property of this very exciting, new U.S. investors. We dropped the intellec- that is meant to enable Congress to in- kind of medicine. This is so ironic be- tual property protection for the most fluence its own product. cause right now—as an aside—we are in innovative medicines we have. We sad- There is another provision in the this ongoing, protracted, tough battle dled American taxpayers with $84 mil- trade promotion authority legislation with China over a number of their eco- lion over 4 years to enforce Mexican that requires that the implementing nomic practices. Chief among them is labor and environmental laws. For all legislation must contain only provi- their theft of intellectual property. We of this, we get basically no additional sions ‘‘strictly necessary or appro- are rightly insisting that we are going economic growth—probably a little bit. priate to implement such trade agree- to defend and protect our intellectual It is worth noting that the Members ment.’’ Why is that important? It is be- property because it is the crown jewel of this body who have proudly and cause we passed this legislation with a of the American economy. The most openly opposed every trade agreement 51-vote threshold—simple majority precious thing we have is the cre- they have ever been asked to cast a threshold. Almost everything else in ativity of the American people. So we vote on—they voted no. On this, they the Senate requires 60 votes. So we are are insisting that we have robust pro- are going to vote yes. For the first saying that if you want to use the ex- tection for intellectual property. Here, time in two decades, the AFL–CIO is pedited process and if you want to be in USMCA, we give it away. We just supporting a trade deal when they have able to pass this legislation with a sim- give it away. ple majority, you have to limit it only There is another aspect of this that opposed all free trade agreements. There is a reason. It is because we are to that which is absolutely strictly is important to consider, and that is necessary and appropriate for imple- that there is not going to be any boost going backward on trade. It is because this agreement is designed to limit menting this trade agreement; other- to economic growth as a result of swap- wise, obviously, people could stick in ping out NAFTA for USMCA. The U.S. trade. A quick word on process here—this is any old thing they want that they International Trade Commission, important. The implementing legisla- think there is a majority vote for if which is an independent agency, part of tion that is going to get to the floor there are not 60 votes for it. In other the U.S. Federal Government, did a words, abusing this narrow construct big, extensive study, and they did a re- one way or another sometime soon is not compliant with trade promotion really dramatically underlines the 60- port. vote threshold for legislation in the Their report said that USMCA will authority. What that means is, it Senate. create a net of 176,000 jobs. Well, if that should not get the expedited treatment and the protection from all amend- Well, let me give you a few examples were true, it would be trivial in the of cases where it is clearly being context of our economy. Our economy ments that trade promotion authority confers on a narrow category of legisla- abused in this agreement. One is that has been creating more than that num- there are appropriations in the imple- ber of jobs every month for years now. tion that conforms completely—com- menting legislation. This is a complete It is a tiny number for 72 months when pletely—with the trade promotion au- first. In all of our trade agreements in we have been producing more jobs than thority law. the past, there has been a necessity for that each and every month—not over 72 Let’s remember a few fundamental some spending. The appropriations bill months. But worse than being a very things here. Trade policy is the respon- to spend that money has always been a small number, it is just not true. The sibility of Congress. The Constitution separate legislative vehicle precisely so study says that, on balance, the trade assigns it to the U.S. Congress to es- that it would be open to scrutiny, sub- restrictive provisions, some of which I tablish trade policy, including the es- ject to amendment, and subject to a 60- alluded to, will diminish trade and tablishment of tariffs, the management vote threshold. Not this time. The hun- cause U.S. growth to decline, and any of tariffs, and everything to do with offsetting growth just comes from re- trade. dreds of millions of dollars of spending ducing the uncertainty about whether With TPA, we delegate the responsi- in this bill include, for instance, $50 the free trade and digital trade that I bility that is ours to the executive million in salaries and expenses for the alluded to continues. branch with a lot of conditions at- office of the U.S. Trade Rep. Well, However, the ITC cost-benefit anal- tached, and if they don’t comply with maybe the folks at the U.S. Trade Rep ysis explicitly chose not to attempt to those conditions, then this legislation all deserve a big raise; maybe that is quantify the sunset clause. There is no shouldn’t be whisked through Congress true. But that should be done in a sepa- question that is a negative. They didn’t on a simple majority vote with no rate piece of legislation because it is even attempt to quantify it. They did amendments, which is meant, under not necessary and appropriate for the their analysis before these new labor TPA, to be limited only to those pieces implementation of USMCA. Not only provisions and before the abandonment of legislation that comply entirely that, but they have taken all of this of protection for intellectual property with the trade promotion act legisla- spending and imposed an emergency of biologics—before that even emerged tion. designation on it. There is an emer- on the scene. We know those have a Here are a couple of specific ways in gency designation on it. So, appar- negative effect on growth. The bottom which this agreement violates the ently, it is an emergency that the folks line is, there is going to be no addi- trade promotion authority. First of all, over at the U.S. Trade Rep’s office get tional economic growth from this Congress did not receive the final a pay raise. Apparently it is an emer- agreement. agreement according to the timeframe gency that all this money be spent. But there is a tax increase. The Con- contemplated by TPA. We are supposed That is ridiculous; of course it is not. gressional Budget Office did their anal- to get the final agreement 30 days be- The reason they put the emergency ysis, and they concluded—rightly—that fore there is a vote in committee or on designation on it is that spending in there will be tariffs added to the sales the floor on the implementing lan- this body—spending in Congress that of cars. American consumers will be guage. The reason that is important is gets an emergency designation doesn’t paying a tax increase in the form of so that Congress can give some feed- have to be offset. So if it exceeds the this tariff on autos and auto parts. back to the administration. This is a permissible maximum spending we That is definitely part of this agree- draft that is meant to be a draft of the have all agreed to and if you slap on an ment. implementing legislation submitted to emergency designation, then that is

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Rather than pursue that in there are fires; there are floods; and cles, I am astonished that even though court, which is what happened in the those happen. But I am sorry, a pay we heard discussions of quid pro quo, Clinton impeachment and what should raise for staffers at the U.S. Trade Rep bribery, and other crimes, the House of happen in any dispute over executive does not qualify. Representatives chose not to charge privilege, Chairman ADAM SCHIFF of So, for a variety of reasons, this leg- President Trump with a crime. How the House Intelligence Committee islation we are going to be considering you then go on to prove a violation of dropped them like a hot potato, and is not compliant with trade promotion the constitutional standard of high they simply moved on in their rush to authority. That doesn’t mean it can’t crimes and misdemeanors when you impeach without that testimony and move. It simply means it needs to don’t even charge the President with a without that evidence. So now they move under the regular order. It should crime, I am looking forward to having want the Senate to make up for their be an ordinary bill on the floor as any the impeachment managers and the failure here by calling additional wit- ordinary legislation, and, sadly, from President’s lawyers address that. At nesses. my point of view, I am pretty sure the least at first blush, it does not appear I sometimes joke that I am a recov- votes are there to pass it. There are to meet the constitutional standard of ering lawyer and a recovering judge. I probably going to be the votes to pass bribery, treason, high crimes, and mis- spent 20 years or more of my life either what I think is a badly flawed agree- demeanors. in courtrooms trying cases or presiding ment—an agreement that restricts President Clinton was charged with a over those cases or reviewing the cases trade rather than expanding trade. I crime—the crime of perjury—but, here, that had been tried based on an appel- certainly hope we will do it under the President Trump has not been accused late record in the Texas Supreme regular order because it does abuse of a crime. The vague allegation is that Court. Our system of justice is based on an trade promotion authority. he abused his office. That can mean adversary system. You have the pros- The last point I would make is that I anything to anybody. Just think, if we ecutor who charges a crime—that is ba- certainly hope this does not become a dumb down the standard for impeach- sically what the Articles of Impeach- template for future trade agreements. ment below the constitutional stand- ment are analogous to—and then you We have an opportunity to do wonders ard, what that does is it opens up the have a jury and a judge who try the for our constituents, our consumers, next President, who may have a House and our workers by reaching new and case presented by the prosecution. We majority composed of the other party, additional trade agreements with the have a strange, even bizarre, sugges- vulnerable to charges of impeachment UK, Japan, Vietnam, and all kinds of tion by the Democratic leader in the based on the allegation that he abused countries that have tremendous growth Senate that somehow the jury ought to his office, even if they did not commit potential, and our economy will grow if call additional witnesses before we a high crime or misdemeanor. So im- we can work out mutual free trade even listen to the arguments of the peachment becomes a political weapon, agreements with these countries. I am President, his lawyers, and the im- which is what this appears to be, rather very much in favor of that. I wouldn’t peachment managers who spent 12 than a constitutional obligation for the want these protectionist, restrictionist weeks getting 100 hours or more worth House and the Senate. of testimony from 17 different wit- policies that found their way into this Last month, the chairman of the agreement to be part of future agree- nesses. House Judiciary Committee, JERRY So this discussion about whether ments. NADLER, said on national television it I suggest the absence of a quorum. there will be witnesses or no witnesses was a ‘‘rock-solid case’’ against the The PRESIDING OFFICER. The is kind of maddening to me. Of course, President—‘‘rock-solid,’’ but in the mo- clerk will call the roll. there will be witnesses—witnesses The bill clerk proceeded to call the ments after the House voted to im- whom the impeachment managers roll. peach the President, there seemed to choose to present, maybe through their Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I ask be a lot of doubt about whether there sworn testimony and not live in the unanimous consent that the order for was sufficient evidence to convict the well of the Senate, but it is no different the quorum call be rescinded. President of high crimes and mis- in terms of its legal effect, or witnesses The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. demeanors; so much doubt, in fact, and evidence, documentary evidence, BRAUN). Without objection, it is so or- that it led the Speaker of the House to that the President’s lawyers choose to dered. withhold the articles until the Senate present. f promised to fill in the gaps left by the I think the majority leader has wise- House’s inadequate record. ly proposed—and now it looks like 53 IMPEACHMENT She sought promises from Senator Senators have agreed—that we defer Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, about 4 MCCONNELL, the majority leader, that this whole issue of additional witnesses weeks after the House voted on the Ar- the Senate would continue the House’s until after both sides have had the ticles of Impeachment, the House will investigation—continue the House’s in- chance to present their case and Sen- name impeachment managers, and we vestigation—the one which only a few ators have a chance to ask questions in will see those Impeachment Articles weeks prior one of her top Members writing. delivered here to the Senate, but for said was a rock-solid case. Well, it ei- This is going to be a very difficult the impeachment managers’ role in the ther is or isn’t. process for people who make their liv- Senate, that will conclude the House’s I would say that the Speaker’s ac- ing talking all the time, which is what participation in the impeachment proc- tions and her cold feet and her reluc- Senators do. Sitting here and being ess, and ours—the Senate’s responsibil- tance to send the Impeachment Arti- forced to listen and let other people do ities—will begin. cles here for the last month indicate to the talking is going to be a challenge, As I said, this vote occurs 4 weeks me that she is less than confident that but we will have a chance to ask ques- after the House concluded its whirl- the House has done their job. tions in writing, and the Chief Justice wind impeachment investigation. As I As a matter of fact, in the second Ar- will direct those questions to the ap- look more and more closely at this, it ticle of Impeachment, they charged the propriate party—either the impeach- strikes me as a potential case of im- President with obstruction of Congress. ment managers or the President’s law- peachment malpractice, and I will ex- Here is the factual underpinning of yers—and they will attempt to answer plain. that allegation: Chairman SCHIFF those questions. Four weeks after they passed these would issue a subpoena to somebody As I look at this record more, I am two Articles of Impeachment, 4 weeks who works at the White House. They beginning to wonder whether the basic

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Based on what we know now, naming witnesses before the start of terested in is a show trial and getting this is no longer about 67 votes to con- the trial, in line with the precedent set cameras and media coverage rather vict and remove President Trump; this by the Clinton impeachment trial. than actually resolving any disputed is about forcing Senators who are run- Ironically, the Democratic leader was facts and applying the legal standard— ning for election in 2020 to take tough in a position during the Clinton im- which is what the Constitution pro- political votes that can be then ex- peachment trial that no additional wit- vides—in order to decide whether the ploited in TV ads. That seems to me to nesses should be offered and now finds President should be acquitted or con- demean this whole impeachment affair. himself, ironically enough, in the oppo- victed. That should be the role of the This is a thermonuclear weapon in a site posture based on nothing more Senate sitting as a jury. constitutional sense. To accuse some- than the difference in the identity of The House, it seems, was under no one of high crimes and misdemeanors the President being impeached. deadline—other than an internally im- and to seek to convict them in a court To reiterate, we will have a chance to posed deadline—to complete their im- and remove them from office is a very hear the arguments from both sides, peachment investigation. They could serious matter, but it has been treated along with any documents they choose have subpoenaed more witnesses. They and is being treated like a trivial polit- to present. We will move to the Sen- could have waited for those subpoenas ical matter, a political football. ators’ questions, and then we will de- to play their way out in court and held Based on the way that Speaker cide whether more evidence is required. a vote once they truly believed they PELOSI and others have characterized I personally am disinclined to have the had sufficient evidence to impeach the the need for additional witnesses, you jury conduct the trial by demanding President, enough evidence that they would think no one had testified before additional evidence. I think that is the felt confident presenting at a Senate or had been deposed. But that would be role of the impeachment managers and trial. to ignore the House Intelligence Com- of the President’s lawyers. I know fair- If a prosecutor were to do in a court mittee’s 298-page report—a 298-page re- minded people can differ, and if 51 Sen- of law what the House impeachment in- port—detailing their impeachment in- ators want additional witnesses under quiry did, they would be justly accused quiry. It details the actions of the com- this resolution, they will have an op- of malpractice. To drop the witnesses mittee, including dozens of subpoenas portunity to have them subpoenaed. rather than to actually go to court to and the taking of more than 100 hours This is going to be a fair process, un- try to get the testimony you need in of testimony from 17 witnesses. So like the House process, which has order to support the Articles of Im- when somebody says this is a question been—well, I was going to say ‘‘a three- peachment, that is malpractice be- of witnesses or no witnesses, I say that ring circus,’’ but that is not fair to the cause you know if this were a court of is not true. Those are not the facts. We circus. We are going to have a dig- law, in all likelihood, the judge would already have 100 hours of testimony nified, sober, and deliberate process summarily dismiss the case, saying: that could be presented in the Senate if here, befitting the gravity of what we You haven’t shown the evidence to sup- it is actually relevant to the Articles have been asked to decide. No one, nei- port the charges that the grand jury— of Impeachment, to what is charged. ther the prosecution nor the defense, in this case, the House—has made To be clear, all the information will will be precluded from participating. under the Articles of Impeachment. be available to the Senate, and the tes- As a matter of fact, they will drive the We know that rather than develop timony of 17 of those witnesses will process. That is the way trials are con- the record that would be sufficient to likely be presented by the impeach- ducted in every courthouse in America, prove their case, Members of the House ment managers. and that is the process we should adopt gave themselves an arbitrary deadline Again, our Democratic friends in the here. for their investigation and made speed House apparently are having a little In stark contrast to the partisan their top priority. Now finding them- bit of buyer’s remorse, cold feet. Pick chaos that consumed the impeachment selves with the short end of the stick, your metaphor. With 4 weeks of deep inquiry in the House, we are going to they are trying to pin their regrets and contemplation separating them from restore order, civility, and fairness. their malpractice on Members of the the impeachment vote they took, they Over the last 4 weeks, there has been a Senate. no longer believe, apparently, that whole lot of talk but not much action Our Democratic colleagues are trying they have enough evidence to prove a from our colleagues on the other side to paint the picture in a way that high crime and misdemeanor, which is of the aisle in the House. They have makes it look like Senate Republicans the constitutional standard. As for taken what should be a serious and sol- are failing in their duties, but we will that 298-page report that they were emn responsibility in Congress and fulfill our constitutional role and du- once so proud of, apparently now they turned it into a partisan playground ties. The only question is, did the concede by their actions that it falls less than a year before the next elec- House perform their constitutional du- short of that rock-solid case they tion, when tens of millions of Ameri- ties in an adequate way to meet the promised. So rather than taking re- cans will be voting on their choice for constitutional standard? sponsibility for their own impeachment President of the United States. Speaker PELOSI went so far as to say malpractice, rather than admitting By needlessly withholding the Arti- that failing to allow additional wit- that they rushed through the inves- cles of Impeachment for 4 weeks, the nesses would result in a ‘‘coverup.’’ I tigation, skipped over witnesses whom Speaker has all but ensured that the think I have heard that same charge by they now deem critical to the inquiry, Senate’s impeachment trial will over- the Democratic leader here. I don’t they try now to blame the Senate and lap with the Iowa caucuses. That is really understand the logic of that one. put the burden of proof on our shoul- where our Democratic friends will It seems like the only coverup hap- ders. Well, as I said earlier, there is no choose their Presidential primary win- pening is when the Speaker is covering question whether witnesses will be pre- ner, starting with the Iowa caucuses. up her caucus’s shoddy and insufficient sented. Some of them will be presented This trial could even stretch into the investigation. who testified in the House of Rep- New Hampshire primary or the Nevada She is trying to distract from the resentatives—the 17 witnesses who tes- caucuses. I find it curious that the fact that there is very little, if any, tified over 100 hours. Speaker’s decision will force four Sen- evidence to support the Articles of Im- I think the Senate, based on the vote ators who are actually running for peachment. She is trying to place the of 53 Senators, has wisely deferred President in those primary contests to blame on the Senate—a strategy you whether additional witnesses will be leave the campaign trail in these bat- don’t have to have x-ray vision to see subpoenaed until after we have had a tleground States and come back to through. chance to hear from the parties to the Washington, DC, and be glued to their The Speaker went so far as to say impeachment and an opportunity by seats, sitting as jurors during this last Sunday that Senators will ‘‘pay a Senators to actually ask clarification trial, when I am sure they would rather price’’ for not calling witnesses, but I questions. be out on the hustings. Rather than

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In fact, then, the internet was in urged us to take up an authorization You had better believe, though, that its infancy, smartphones didn’t exist, for the use of military force in regards their competitors are celebrating. They and the only shopping you did was at a to the problems in the Middle East, are going to have the Iowa caucuses, brick-and-mortar store. The way busi- there was no action taken. I want to perhaps, and maybe New Hampshire ness is conducted today has evolved applaud Senator KAINE, who has been and Nevada all to themselves while significantly. It is time we bring our working on this for several years, and these four Senators who are running trade agreements up to date. our former colleague Senator Flake, for President in the Democratic pri- That is where the USMCA comes in. who did everything they could to bring mary will have to be here like the rest It preserves the basic hallmark provi- a bipartisan discussion and action in of us. sions of NAFTA, like duty-free access regards to exercising congressional re- So, in holding the articles for 4 to Mexican and Canadian markets, and sponsibility on the use of force by our weeks, the Speaker just cleared out it adds measures to modernize the military. some of the top contenders in the Pres- agreement. Additionally, the USMCA Well, we now know that this is a real idential primaries—the early ones—and includes strong protections for intel- threat, that we may be going to war it is pretty clear that the candidate lectual property, which is critical to without Congress’s involvement, which who stands the most to gain from their protecting the incredible innovation is contrary not only to our Constitu- absence is former Vice President that Americans create right here at tion but to the laws passed by the U.S. Biden. home. It also cuts the redtape that has Congress. So I want to thank Senator The politics of this impeachment cir- been preventing countless small busi- KAINE and Senator LEE for filing S.J. cus show that it was never a serious nesses from tapping into foreign mar- Res. 68, a bipartisan resolution. I hope one. A constitutional issue? Wrong. It kets. it will receive the expedited process was a political exercise from the start, It also accounts for e-commerce and that is envisioned in the War Powers meant to hurt this President and help digital products at a time when govern- Resolution, and I hope that we will the Speaker’s party elect a Democrat ments around the world are proposing have a chance to act on this in the next in his stead in November—or at least all kinds of new taxes on e-commerce. few days. It is our responsibility— Congress’s responsibility—to commit NANCY PELOSI’s friends in the Demo- It is actually the first free-trade agree- cratic Party. ment with a digital trade chapter. That our troops to combat, and it rests Over these last 4 weeks, we have been is why a lot of folks call the USMCA squarely with the legislative branch of standing by, waiting to do our duty, ‘‘NAFTA–2.0.’’ It is better, it is strong- government. Let me first cite the Constitution of wasting valuable time, while the er, and it is up to date. the United States. You hear a lot of Democrats in the House try to come to I have no doubt that this agreement discussion about the Constitution here terms with their embarrassing and in- will be a boon to both our national and on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Article adequate investigation, and watching Texas economies, but I do have some I, section 8, of the Constitution says them as they try to figure out how concerns about the path it has taken to that Congress has the power to declare they could possibly get themselves out ratification. This product was essen- war. of this embarrassing box canyon they tially negotiated with the House and Now, that was challenged in the have walked into. given to the Senate as a fait accompli, 1970s, after Congress had passed the I know we are all eager for the proc- and I worry that that can set a dan- Gulf of Tonkin resolution in regards to ess to finally shift from the House’s gerous precedent for future trade our presence in Vietnam. hands to the Senate, and I am hopeful agreements. I hope that is not some- It was passed in an innocent way to that later this evening we will finally thing we will allow to become a habit, protect American troops and ships that be free from Speaker PELOSI’s manipu- but it doesn’t diminish the fact that were in that region, but as we know, lative games when it comes to im- this trade agreement will bring serious that resolution was used as justifica- peachment. benefits to my constituents and my tion by President Johnson and others f State and continue to strengthen our to expand our involvement in Vietnam national economy. UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA and, ultimately, led to a very active I appreciate the President’s commit- TRADE AGREEMENT and costly war for the United States— ment to strengthening our trading and lengthy war, I might add. Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, finally agreements with our neighbors and bol- In 1973, Congress passed the War Pow- there is some good news here in Wash- stering a stronger North America. The ers Act. It wasn’t easy. President ington that we will actually get some USMCA is a big win for all three coun- Nixon vetoed it. We overrode the veto important things done, and, particu- tries involved, and it is a big win for in a bipartisan vote in the U.S. Con- larly, I am talking about the USMCA, the State of Texas. gress. We did that because of the abuse or the United States-Mexico-Canada I yield the floor. of power during the Vietnam war. Trade Agreement. I am hopeful that we The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Let me read what the War Powers can get that voted out of the Senate by ator from Maryland. Act provides because it is very telling tomorrow and get it onto the Presi- f in regard to what we saw last week in dent’s desk. This is a top priority for regard to Iran, a little over a week ago my constituents, who are farmers, IRAN now. It requires consultation with Con- ranchers, and manufacturers, as well as Mr. CARDIN. Mr. President, last gress by the President ‘‘in every pos- consumers, whose daily lives are im- week we were very close to an act of sible instance before committing pacted by trade with our neighbors to war between the United States and troops to war.’’ No. 1, it requires the the north and south. We will soon be Iran. I must tell you, we have been President to consult with us before he able to mark it as yet another win for talking about this potential threat for commits any of our troops to an en- Texas under this administration. a long time. I am a member of the Sen- gagement. No. 2, the President is re- For more than a quarter of a century, ate Foreign Relations Committee. We quired to report within 48 hours ‘‘into NAFTA, or the North American Free have held numerous meetings in our hostilities or into situations where im- Trade Agreement, the predecessor to discussion about the fact that there is minent involvement in hostilities is the USMCA, has been the guiding force no authorization for the use of military clearly indicated by the cir- in our trading relationships with Mex- force by the United States against Iran cumstances.’’ So it provides for the im- ico and Canada. By virtually any meas- that has been approved by Congress. I minent involvement or threat to the ure, it has been a great success. The remember, during hearings, listening United States.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.018 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 No. 3, the President is ‘‘required to If they had been planning for months, is no question, I would concur in that end foreign military action after 60 why didn’t they consult with Congress, conclusion, but in all of those cases, days unless Congress provides a dec- as required under the War Powers Act? they tried to connect dots. There is no laration of war or an authorization for Violation No. 1 to the War Powers Act: connection of dots here whatsoever. the operation to continue.’’ Congress was not consulted by Presi- As we saw in the late 1960s and 1970s We now know that to be an AUMF, dent Trump. in Vietnam, when we had the Gulf of an authorization for the use of military No. 2, there are two violations so far; Tonkin resolution that was passed to force. the fact that there wasn’t an imminent defend our assets in the Vietnam Let’s fast forward from the passage threat and the fact that there was no area—in the Gulf of Tonkin—how it of that bill in 1973 to rein in the abuse consultation with Congress—two viola- was used by administrations to commit of power by the Executive during the tions of the War Powers Act. Then, if us to a long, engaged military oper- Vietnam war. Let’s fast forward to he continues to use force beyond the 60 ations. Here, one cannot argue that what happened in early January, on days, he has to come to Congress and there is even a semblance of authoriza- January 2, when President Trump or- get authorization or he has to remove tion that has been passed by Congress dered the action against Soleimani in the troops. as it relates to Iran. Baghdad and took out his life. Does anyone here believe the Presi- We also know the President is vio- Let me start off by saying, none of us dent will not hesitate again to use lating the War Powers Act, and he is has any sorrow over the loss of General force against Iran? Yet there are no in- likely to use force again in violation of Soleimani. He was a bad guy. He was tentions to submit a resolution. our Constitution and the War Powers responsible for the deaths of hundreds We find the President has violated Act. of people. He was very much a person the War Powers Act in three ways: It was my generation that paid a who should have been held accountable first, by having no evidence of immi- very heavy price because of the Viet- for his activities, but there is a reason nent threat; second, by not consulting nam war. I lost a lot of my high school for our constitutional protections of with Congress before the attack; and classmates in the Vietnam war. Let us checks and balances as it relates to the third, by not submitting to us an au- not exceed our responsibility under the use of military force by the United thorization for the use of military Constitution or allow the President to States. force. exceed his. We need to act. The Senate The Commander in Chief has certain There are some who say the Presi- needs to act. We don’t need another powers. Congress has certain powers. dent already has that authority under endless war. The Framers of our Constitution inten- the authorizations for the use of mili- The resolution before us allows us to tionally provided for there to be a ro- tary force that were passed by Con- do what is responsible. I am going to bust discussion and debate between the gress after the attack on our country quote from the resolution that Senator legislature and the Executive on war on September 11, 2001. KAINE has filed, S.J. Res. 68: ‘‘ . . . the and peace; that we should have that We are getting to 18 years beyond President to terminate the use of open discussion; and that, in many when that attack took place and those United States Armed Forces for hos- cases, diplomacy needs to be pursued authorizations passed, but let me go tilities against . . . Iran or any part of much more aggressively before we use through them. The one that is cited its government or military, unless ex- our military might; that our national the most by the President is the 2002, plicitly authorized by a declaration of security interest in keeping America which is to ‘‘defend the national secu- war or specific authorization for use of safe rests with these checks and bal- rity of the United States against the military force against Iran.’’ ances. Again, to bring it to current continuing threat posed by Iraq.’’ By the way, the resolution also pro- times in regard to the circumstances First, let me say, I voted against vides that we always have the right to with Iran, every witness I have listened that resolution, and I believe that was defend ourselves from an imminent to, every expert I have talked to with the correct vote, but I think almost ev- threat, provided that it is an imminent regard to the Middle East, says it is in erybody in this body would say that threat, and that we comply with the the U.S. national security interest to authorization is no longer relevant. War Powers Act—I am adding this— find a diplomatic way to handle our Since that resolution was passed, the that was passed by Congress. issues in regard to Iran; that a military United States has worked with Iraq The President has a long track option would be very costly, a long and has worked with the Government record of exceeding his constitutional time, and, most likely, counter- of Iraq. This is a country we try to do authority on matters of foreign policy. productive with the United States hav- business with, so they no longer We cannot afford to become accus- ing to keep its troops in that region for present the threat that was supposedly tomed or complacent in the face of a very long time. present when this resolution was those excesses. It is our responsibility Diplomacy is clearly the preferred passed. Even to get beyond that, what to carry out our constitutional respon- path. These constitutional provisions does Iran have to do with Iraq? I under- sibility. provide us with an opportunity to be stand they may start with the first let- I urge my colleagues to strongly sup- able to make sure we do what is in the ter ‘‘I,’’ but there is no relationship port S.J. Res. 68 when we have a chance best interest of American national se- here. Under any stretch of the imagina- to vote on that, I hope, within the next curity. tion, there is no way you can use the few days. Trump ordered this attack, and the 2002 resolution. With that, I suggest the absence of a Senate now needs to act, as we saw in Let’s go to the 2001 resolution that quorum. the 1970s when Congress did act. Let was passed on the authorization for use The PRESIDING OFFICER. The me start with the War Powers Act and of military force. That was imme- clerk will call the roll. how President Trump had violated the diately after the attack on September The senior assistant legislative clerk War Powers Act in all three of the pro- 11: ‘‘ . . . to use all necessary and ap- proceeded to call the roll. visions I mentioned earlier. propriate force against those nations, Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, I ask First, was there an imminent in- organizations, or persons he deter- unanimous consent that the order for volvement or threat? We have all now mines planned, authorized, committed, the quorum call be rescinded. heard the explanations given by this or aided the terrorist attacks that oc- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. CAS- administration. It was short on detail. curred on September 11, 2001, or har- SIDY). Without objection, it is so or- It was basically the general concerns. bored such organizations or persons.’’ dered. What is most disturbing, we now read There is absolutely zero connection f press accounts that the President had between that language and General been planning for months—or the gen- Soleimani or Iran as it relates to 9/11, UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA erals had been planning and going over and I think no one could make that TRADE AGREEMENT with the President for months whether connection. Mr. GARDNER. Mr. President, over they should take out General I understand that 2001 has been mis- the last several years, Congress has Soleimani. used by many administrations. There had significant debates on trade—the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.020 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S215 importance of trade, what it means to that. That is why modernizing this know that these trade agreements add our markets, what it means to exports, agreement makes sense. to the household incomes across our and what it means to States like mine, As I mentioned, the United States- State and that it benefits our economy. that being Colorado. The USMCA is in- Mexico-Canada Agreement is incred- This agreement brings opportunity to credibly important as we turn to that ibly important to the State of Colo- all four corners of our State. debate this week. rado. Out of 750,000 trade-related jobs, New customs and trade rules will cut NAFTA and what it meant to Colo- there are nearly 220,000 jobs in Colo- redtape and make it easier for Colo- rado was incredibly significant and the rado—a great pro-trade State—that are rado’s startups and entrepreneurs to number of jobs that it created as was directly related to the USMCA. Canada sell their products into Canada and the United States-Korea Free Trade and Mexico are our State’s largest Mexico. U.S. agricultural and food ex- Agreement and the number of jobs that trading partners. Obviously, that ports are expected to rise more than $2 its agreement created. We have seen makes sense, for right in the middle is billion every year if the USMCA is the benefits of trade in a State like our State. Amongst Colorado, Canada, adopted. So many goods in Colorado Colorado for a number of years, and we and Mexico, we trade more than $2.7 that are in our top 10 exported items see the opportunity for additional billion worth of goods and support the are ag related. This $2 billion-a-year trade agreements in the future. This 220,000 jobs that I just talked about. increase will mean there will be signifi- past year and this past Congress, we Colorado’s farmers produce nearly cant opportunities for Colorado’s agri- adopted the Asia Reassurance Initia- half of all of the potatoes that Mexico culture. tive Act, which created U.S.-Asia trade imports from the United States. We Obviously, I am very encouraged by partnership opportunities in energy— also supply about 97 percent of all U.S. the Senate Committee on Finance in renewable energy and traditional en- beverages to Mexico. Mexico has cer- its reporting the agreement out favor- ergy. tainly been able to tap the Rockies ably last week. I was honored to sup- This week, Congress turns its entire when it comes to our beverage produc- port the USMCA this morning by vot- focus to the USMCA and its moderniza- tion in Colorado. Our biggest export— ing for the agreement—voting it out of tion of the North American Free Trade beef—accounts for more than $880 mil- the Committee on Commerce, Science, Agreement. We have to continue look- lion worth of goods that are shipped to and Transportation and out of the Sen- ing for new trade opportunities—ways Mexico and Canada. ate Committee on Foreign Relations, to open up trade around the globe. It is In 2018, Colorado exported to Mexico which are two of the committees on vitally important to agriculture, to our more than $45 million worth of milk, which I serve. I look forward to its ex- electronic sector, and to our service cream, cheese, and related dairy prod- peditious passage here in the U.S. Sen- sector. People of all walks of life and ucts. Meanwhile, we have exported ate. business in Colorado understand the about $2.2 million worth of those prod- I live in rural Colorado. I am sur- importance of trade and what it means ucts to Canada. The USMCA will re- rounded by wheat farms, corn farms, to our industry. If we don’t seek out form Canada’s protectionist dairy poli- hog producers, feed lots, and I know new trade opportunities—it is not like cies and help American dairy farmers how important trade is to our State. we operate just by ourselves—we know access the dairy markets in Canada so This agreement to modernize and con- what will happen. We will see China, that we can increase our exports to tinue our agreement with Canada and Mexico is critical to the survival of ag- India, and other countries displace us. Canada in cream, milk, cheese, and riculture in Colorado and this country. We will see them build new supply other dairy areas. We sent more than I know, with new markets opening chains and go around the United $31 million worth of cereals, like around the world, this agreement will States, and we will end up losing those wheat, to Mexico in 2018 and more than continue to be the keystone of Colo- market opportunities, those invest- $2 million worth to Canada. ment opportunities, and the jobs that Even our sugar and candy manufac- rado’s trade. We stand to benefit tre- mendously, enormously from this up- go along with them. turers benefit from trade with Mexico date. Our farmers and ranchers are If we don’t open up new trade oppor- and Canada. I just had a meeting with counting on us to get this done, and tunities, farmers and ranchers in my the Western Sugar Cooperative of Colo- our manufacturers are counting on us home State will suffer. We have al- rado. We talked about the importance to get this done. Our economy depends ready seen incredibly low commodity of trade and about getting this trade prices hurt our agricultural commu- on our getting this done. agreement right. Both countries have I yield the floor. nities. One way to overcome that is to received more than $14 million a piece The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- open up new markets and create value- worth of Colorado’s sugar and confec- ator from Maryland. added opportunities in those new mar- tionery exports. kets. That is how we can add one more Increased trade with these countries f potential tool to our ag economy to will also benefit the beverage industry IMPEACHMENT help make it survive and thrive. We in Colorado. As I mentioned, 97 percent Mr. VAN HOLLEN. Mr. President, at have new product flows all the time of the beverages that Mexico imports this particular moment in our history, out of our State, and this USMCA are from Colorado, and we shipped we are witnessing the convergence of agreement is one more way we can cre- more than $63 million worth of bev- three events. ate that new flow of opportunity. The erages to Canada in 2018. Beyond com- The Senate will likely be sworn in to- North American Free Trade Agreement modities like wheat, dairy, and sugar, morrow for the impeachment trial of supports, really, 14 million jobs around Colorado’s electronic manufacturers President Trump. One of the Articles of the United States. Those are thousands shipped to Canada more than $105 mil- Impeachment that will be coming over of jobs in all 50 States. lion worth of its goods in 2018, and from the House relates to the Presi- Despite its benefits, however, we can Mexico received about $60 million dent’s abuse of power—the charge that always do a better job of making sure worth of our electronic goods. he has used the power and prestige of it meets the needs of our modern-day The United States-Mexico-Canada the Office of the Presidency to, among economy by modernizing NAFTA. Mod- Agreement includes new digital provi- other things, withhold vital U.S. secu- ernizing NAFTA to increase market ac- sions to account for our changing land- rity assistance to Ukraine in order to cess, to expand energy exports, to scape of new technologies, advanced pressure it to announce an investiga- maximize domestic energy production, manufacturing products, and it tackles tion into Burisma, Hunter Biden, and, including having provisions on intel- the issue of cross-border dataflow, possibly, Joe Biden in an attempt to lectual property and e-commerce, will which is something that was just, basi- get Ukraine to interfere in the upcom- make this agreement even more bene- cally, in its very infancy when NAFTA ing 2020 election on behalf of President ficial to the United States. If you think was enacted. Trump. back to 1994 and the timeframe of pre- We know that the USMCA is a better Now, I am not here today to go into iPhones and pre-iPads and of so much opportunity for us to gain even more issues directly related to that trial. It of the technology that we have today, jobs, more income, and more oppor- is vitally important that we get rel- this agreement was in place before tunity for the State of Colorado. We evant witnesses, that we get relevant

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So that is why, more than 2 about just this week that relates to the ment agencies who have been ap- years ago, Senator MARCO RUBIO and I impeachment trial was that Russian pointed by President Trump. introduced the bipartisan DETER Act, military hackers broke into the Now we have overwhelming evidence and there are many other Senators, Burisma computers in Ukraine and that Russia interfered in 2016, we have both Democrats and Republicans, who that they used the same phishing tech- overwhelming evidence and predictions were on that bill. The DETER Act is niques that the GRU used—the Russian that Russia will interfere again in our very straightforward. It would enact military intelligence—to break into elections in 2020, and so we clearly are into law a very straightforward propo- the Democratic National Committee facing an immediate danger to the in- sition. It says to Russia—and also to headquarters’ servers during the 2016 tegrity of our elections and our democ- other countries, but the main attack Presidential elections. All of the evi- racy. It is like we have a Russian mis- seems to be coming from Russia—it dence points to another attempt by sile in the air right now headed toward says to Putin and Russia: If we catch Vladimir Putin to use his military our election integrity systems and our you again interfering in our elections, GRU hackers to interfere in an Amer- electoral process. That is what the in- there will be immediate and very harsh ican election—this time in the 2020 telligence agencies are telling us right penalties for you to pay. election. now. This will happen virtually automati- I don’t know what is going to happen We learned the hard way in 2016, and cally. So Vladimir Putin will know up during the election on November 3 of now it is happening all over again. So front that if our intelligence agencies this year. Obviously, each of us has his the question for this body is, When you catch them again, which they are like- hopes as to what the result will be, but know something is happening, what are ly to do, then he will finally pay a that is not the purpose of my being you going to do about it? There are two price for interfering in our elections here on the floor today. My focus is on things we should be doing about it. We and trying to undermine our demo- what should unite all of us in this should be working to strengthen our cratic processes. These are not sanc- body—that should unite all 100 U.S. elections systems here at home, to tions against a couple of Putin’s pals. Senators—and that is that we should harden them, to make it more difficult These are not sanctions against a cou- all agree that it is outrageous for any for Russian military intelligence to ple oligarchs. These would be sanctions foreign power to interfere in an Amer- hack into them. We should be working against major sectors of the Russian ican election the way Russia interfered with social media companies to pre- economy—state-owned banks, state- owned parts of their energy industry— in our election in 2016 and that it would vent the Russian Government and their so their economy will take a big hit if be equally outrageous for us, in our agents from spending money on adver- we catch them attacking our democ- knowing that this is Russia’s intent in tising on social media or using other racy once again. 2020, to sit here and not do anything to techniques on social media to influence That is absolutely appropriate be- protect the integrity of our democracy. American voters. We need to be doing cause what Putin is doing is under- Look, we all know what happened in all that. We have appropriated some mining faith and confidence in our 2016. Just to refresh our memories, it funds to do that. democratic process, and we need to was the unanimous conclusion of all We should be doing more than we make it clear up front that there is a U.S. intelligence agencies that Russia have, but the best defense is a good of- big price to pay—not because we want interfered in the 2016 Presidential elec- fense. We can and should spend money those sanctions to go into effect but tion. That was the unanimous conclu- to strengthen and protect our elections because we don’t. That, of course, is sion of the leaders of intelligence agen- systems, but that is not enough be- the entire idea behind deterrence. You cies appointed by President Trump. It cause it is kind of like the arms race. raise the cost, you raise the price on was also the bipartisan verdict of the We will work to try to better strength- Putin and Russia to the point it is no Senate Intelligence Committee, which en and protect those systems, and the longer worth it to interfere in our elec- painstakingly documented the fact hackers who are trying to get in will tions. that elections systems in all 50 of our develop new techniques to try to get That is why Senator RUBIO and I in- States were targeted to one degree or around them. It is an endless cycle. troduced this legislation 2 years ago. another by Russian hackers in the 2016 That doesn’t mean we shouldn’t harden We hoped it would be in place before elections. In fact, we know this from them—we should—but that is not the 2018 midterm elections, but that the outcome of the Mueller investiga- enough to protect the integrity of our date has passed, and still here we are in tion that led to the indictment of 12 elections. the U.S. Senate having failed to adopt Russian military intelligence individ- We have to apply the principle that this bipartisan legislation. uals, members of the GRU. They were the best defense is a good offense and I was right here on the floor of the indicted because of their interference make it clear up front to Vladimir Senate just a few months ago when we in the 2016 elections. Putin and Russia that the costs of were debating the NDAA, the National We also know that Vladimir Putin interfering in another American elec- Defense Authorization Act. I asked for and the Russians intend to interfere in tion far outweigh the benefits. That is a vote to include the essential provi- our elections again in 2020. We know what we need to do because right now sion of the DETER Act in the Defense that because of the revelations this it is absolutely cost-free to Vladimir authorization bill because it makes a week about the actions the GRU is tak- Putin to mess around in our elections. lot of sense that in a bill that is sup- ing with respect to Burisma—same fin- In fact, it is a big benefit to Vladimir posed to defend the United States, we gerprint, same techniques—but we also Putin and the Russians. That is why include a provision to defend the integ- know that from our own U.S. intel- they do it. rity of our democracy and electoral ligence agencies, which, in November What do they accomplish? Well, first system against Russian attack or any of last year, all got together to issue a of all, they succeed in dividing Ameri- other attack. Apparently every single warning that Russia was going to cans against one another. They succeed Senator in this body agreed because it interfere again in 2020. in undermining public confidence in passed unanimously. I am holding in my hand a joint the outcome of our elections, and that The Senate went on record unani- statement from the leaders of U.S. in- is part of their overall strategy—to try mously saying we should include provi- telligence and law enforcement agen- to undermine democracies, whether sions like the DETER Act in the NDAA cies, and what they say is that our ad- here in the United States or in Europe to deter Russian interference in our versaries—and they point to Russia— or other places around the world. elections. Then we were in negotiations will seek to interfere in the voting Maybe they also succeed, ultimately, on the NDAA, and it turned out that in process or influence voter perceptions. in weighing in and helping their pre- the back rooms, behind closed doors, This document is not about the past. ferred candidate in an election. the Trump administration got Repub- This document is not about 2016. This But the point is, right now, if you are lican Senators to insist on throwing document is about the here and now Putin, there is zero cost to getting that provision out of the NDAA bill.

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Let’s make it clear in ad- Tillerson stated that Iran is in ‘‘tech- tiations on the NDAA, and apparently vance to Putin that the price he will nical compliance’’ with the JCPOA. the majority leader and other Repub- pay for trying to interfere in our de- Second, in October 2017, then-Defense lican Senators, at the behest of the mocracy will be much higher than any Secretary Jim Mattis stated that Iran Trump administration, said no—said benefit he expects to gain. was ‘‘fundamentally’’ in compliance no to a provision that had been agreed I yield the floor. with the JCPOA. ‘‘Overall our intel- to unanimously by this body to help The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ligence community believes that they protect our elections by deterring Rus- ator from Pennsylvania. have been compliant and the IAEA also sian interference. The question is, Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I ask says so,’’ said General Mattis, then Why? Why, when our own intelligence unanimous consent to speak as in Secretary of Defense. agencies are telling us that Russia is morning business. In March 2018, IAEA Director Amano planning to do in 2020 what they did in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without stated: ‘‘Iran is implementing its nu- 2016, would Republican Senate leaders objection, it is so ordered. clear-related commitments. . . . If the block a provision that lets Putin know f JCPOA were to fail, it would be a great ‘‘You will be punished if you do that IRAN loss for nuclear verification and for again. You will be punished if you at- Mr. CASEY. Mr. President, I rise multilateralism.’’ tack our democracy’’? And I haven’t Finally, No. 4, in January 2019, today to discuss U.S. policy regarding gotten a straight answer to that ques- former Director of National Intel- Iran. We know that in 2009 the new tion. Why not? Why not include that ligence Dan Coats, a former Republican Obama administration came into office provision? Clearly, there are Senators at a time when the Iranian regime was Senator from the State of Indiana, who don’t want to build up our defenses racing to develop a nuclear weapon. said: ‘‘We continue to assess that Iran and deterrence again Russian inter- The prospect of the Iranian regime is not currently undertaking the key ference in our elections. with a nuclear weapon would present a nuclear weapons development activi- When we failed to get that into the substantial threat to America and to ties we judge necessary to produce a NDAA, I came to the Senate floor, and our allies. At the same time, Iran was nuclear device.’’ I asked for unanimous consent to bring engaged in a host of other malign ac- Three of the four officials—Secretary up the bipartisan DETER Act. Because tivities, but the most urgent and sig- of State Tillerson, Secretary of De- every one of the Senators in this body nificant threat was nuclear. fense Mattis, and Director of National had voted or said through lack of ob- In 2013, Iran was 2 to 3 months from Intelligence Coats—all three were ap- jection that they wanted the DETER being able to build a nuclear weapon. pointed by President Trump. Act in the NDAA, I brought up the bill The Obama administration decided to President Trump came into office de- for unanimous consent passing here. use hard-nosed diplomacy resulting in termined to pull out of this agreement, Well, the chairman of the Senate the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of despite the fact that it was working. Banking Committee came to the floor Action, known by the acronym JCPOA. He surrounded himself with advisers and objected, and we had a back-and- This agreement was entered into with who supported a policy of regime forth conversation about the DETER a number of countries, three of them change. Of course, the words ‘‘regime Act. our allies—the United Kingdom, change’’ are words that they will not Yesterday, I was planning to come to France and Germany. We also had two say out loud—the President or his ad- this floor and again ask for unanimous partner countries—countries with ministration—but that is the policy. consent to take up the DETER Act, but which we have a lot of tensions and The American people, after nearly two we heard from the chairman of the conflict. We were partners with China decades of conflict, know that regime- Banking Committee that he wanted to and Russia. So this agreement change policy is a march to war. find a way to get this done. So I am stretched from one end of the world to This administration calls their re- going to take the chairman of the the other. gime change policy a ‘‘maximum pres- Banking Committee up on that offer, The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Ac- sure campaign.’’ Its stated goal was to and I hope we can get it done. But I tion prevented Iran from acquiring a force Iran to negotiate a new agree- want to be really clear. If we are not nuclear weapon by, among other steps, ment that would include a host of able to work this out in a smart, authorizing some of the most intrusive other nonnuclear issues. Despite the straightforward way, which is what the inspections that have ever been put stated goal, an examination of the bill does right now—as I said, it has into place. This agreement, the methods used to achieve it make it ob- strong bipartisan support right now— JCPOA, did not cover several other vious that the administration was en- then I will be back on the Senate floor nonnuclear malign activities that the gaged in a policy that would most like- regularly to ask for unanimous con- Iranian regime was and is engaged in. ly lead to war instead of a new agree- sent, and any other Senator who wants The JCPOA isolated and largely solved ment. The administration pulled out of to come down here and object can do the most dire threat, that of a nuclear- the nuclear agreement, which was that. That is their right. But I am armed Iran in the near future. working, and while it was in effect, it going to keep pushing this issue be- This agreement, from its signing in took the threat of a nuclear-armed cause the clock is ticking. Every day 2015 through 2018, worked. Until re- Iran off the table. that passes while we know from our cently, Iran was complying with the The administration reimposed sanc- own intelligence agencies that Russia Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. tions which were lifted as part of the plans to interfere in the 2020 election That is the considered judgment of the nuclear agreement. They engaged in a and we don’t do anything about it—we International Atomic Energy Agency, host of other activities that resulted in are grossly negligent. known as IAEA. The considered judg- increased risks and moved us further I want Senators who are not going to ment of the U.S. intelligence commu- away from a diplomatic resolution. support that to come here in the light nity was that Iran was complying with The administration’s regime change of day and let the American public the agreement. It was also the judg- policy was supposed to deter the Ira- know they are blocking that effort. I ment made by the U.S. Department of nian regime from threatening our Na- hope we don’t have to do that. I hope State and the U.S. Department of De- tion and its allies. This policy has not we can work this out. I hope we can fense in both the Obama administra- done that. This policy was supposed to pass the bipartisan legislation that has tion and the Trump administration. bring Iran to the bargaining table. It been sitting in the Senate for over 2 The determination that Iran was has not. It was supposed to cajole Iran years now as we get warning after complying with the agreement is also to behave like a ‘‘normal nation.’’ Once warning after warning that Vladimir the assessment of our allies and part- again, it has not. Putin, the GRU, and the Russians in- ners with whom the Obama administra- Tensions have increased. Threats to tend to interfere in our democratic tion worked to bring into a coalition. our servicemembers, our citizens, and process again and attack the integrity Here is a sampling of assessments allies have increased, not decreased. of our electoral system. prior to recent events. In September The region—the Middle East—is less

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.025 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 stable. Iran is closer—closer—to ob- have endangered the lives of U.S. serv- istration has failed to disclose suffi- taining a nuclear weapon. icemembers in the Middle East. He cient detail regarding the imminence The terrible results of this policy may have also prompted near-lethal re- of this threat. When asked on Friday, were predictable. The administration, taliation from Iran. Secretary Pompeo said he did not know including Secretary Pompeo and Iran’s retaliatory strikes against when this asserted imminent threat former National Security Advisor John U.S. bases at Al-Asad and Erbil on Jan- was supposed to take place. Bolton, never had any intention of uary 7 thankfully did not claim any The American people have also heard forging a new diplomatic agreement American lives. However, conflicting from Secretary Pompeo and President with Iran. All of this is how our Nation reports continue to emerge about Trump that the attack was a matter of has found itself on the brink of war whether Iran intentionally avoided hit- retribution from events that occurred with Iran, facing the potential of an- ting U.S. personnel, and that raises in the past. We have heard from Sec- other bloody conflict in the Middle questions about whether Iran sought to retary Pompeo that this attack was de- East. escalate or de-escalate its conflict with signed to ‘‘restore deterrence,’’ but it Americans across our country are the United States. is unclear that he coordinated with his well aware of the events leading up to Video evidence has emerged in recent national security colleagues across the the killing of Iranian General Qasem days showing that the Iranians actu- interagency. Soleimani, the leader of Iran’s Quds ally decimated housing units for sol- We know from reporting from the Force on January 2. Following the kill- diers on the base. Without having re- New York Times that Secretary ing of an American contractor at a ceived a classified briefing from the ad- Pompeo was among the ‘‘most hawkish U.S. military compound in Kirkuk, ministration about this incident—as voices arguing for a response to Iranian Iraq, on December 27, the U.S. military opposed to the briefing we had on the aggression.’’ The article also goes on to retaliated with a strike against the killing of Soleimani, which I will get say: ‘‘Top Pentagon officials were Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah ter- to later—without having that classified stunned’’ in reference to the strike. rorist group, killing at least 25 mem- briefing, we can rely upon press reports So the question of why this strike bers of the militia and wounding oth- for some information. Press reports in- was launched and when it was launched ers. dicate that the Iranians were aiming to remains unanswered. Both Democratic In response, the Iranian Government take American lives. Senators and Republican Senators orchestrated protests in Baghdad, The fallout from the Soleimani asked this question in a classified which led hundreds of pro-Iranian pro- strike didn’t end there. On January 8, briefing last week and few received a testers to storm the U.S. Embassy in the Iranian Government covered up the satisfactory answer. We still lack an- Baghdad on New Year’s Eve. The strike fact that it mistakenly shot down a ci- swers on the ‘‘imminent threat.’’ against the Quds Force Commander vilian aircraft killing 176 people on- The President has spent the last Qasem Soleimani followed. board. The Iranian people have since week at rallies and other appearances Soleimani was a military figure who taken to the streets in protest of the triumphantly marking the killing and inflicted terror and killed thousands in coverup. I strongly condemn the Ira- indicating that the Iranian threat is Israel, Iraq, and Syria as well. You can nian Government’s crackdown on pro- behind us. The strike authorized by add other places to that. He killed testers and support the Iranian peo- President Trump may have been reck- thousands. He worked to prop up ple’s right to rise up and demand less, taken without appropriate plan- Bashar al-Assad in Syria. He aided Shi- human rights and democratic govern- ning for the consequences and after- ite forces that killed hundreds of ance in their country. math, and done without serious con- Americans in Iraq. We have been told But let’s not lose focus on a very im- sultation with Congress and—and— that he was behind the attacks on the portant matter: President Trump or- within the administration. Contrary to U.S. Embassy in Baghdad on New dered a targeted killing of a high-rank- the President’s boast, I am gravely Year’s Eve. Qasem Soleimani was di- ing military official of a country with concerned we will feel the adverse con- rectly responsible for the killing of which we are not in a declared or au- sequences of this administration’s ac- hundreds of American soldiers and ci- thorized conflict. This is a serious step tions across the Iran policy landscape vilians and wounding many more. He which required both a rigorous exam- for years to come. was a despicable person who was the ination as well as an explanation from If we think the attacks on the Al- leader of an entity designated as a ter- the administration. Thus far, the ex- Asad and Kirkuk bases last Tuesday rorist organization. planations we have received from this were the end of Iranian retaliation for Across the international stage, there administration have been woefully in- Soleimani’s death, we are likely mis- are many committed enemies of Amer- adequate and inconsistent—and I think taken, due to the continued threat of ica who plot every day to do our Na- that is an understatement. the Iranian regime’s proxy forces tion and our allies harm—every single We have been told that this strike throughout the Middle East. Let’s ex- day. Those entrusted with the national was in response to an ‘‘imminent amine the potential negative con- security of our Nation have to assess threat’’ that four U.S. Embassies sequences of the strike. I hope this is whether taking direct action against abroad were being targeted, which De- something that the administration en- one of those individual enemies in- fense Secretary Esper almost imme- gaged in before the strike, but it is im- creases or decreases risks over time diately contradicted. portant to review this. and whether taking actions against The word ‘‘imminence’’ is important On January 5, Iran announced that it those individuals is consistent with our here. Imminence derives from the doc- is no longer bound by the restrictions values and our commitment to the rule trine of self-defense, which under arti- of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Ac- of law. cle 51 of the United Nations Charter tion as it relates to uranium enrich- This is a high standard, and it should and the broader ‘‘laws of war,’’ immi- ment. This agreement unequivocally be. We are the United States of Amer- nence justifies use of force in another extended Iran’s breakout time, which ica, and we believe that conflicts have state’s territory when an armed attack is the time it would take to obtain rules and limits. We strive for a higher occurs—occurs—or when an armed at- enough highly enriched uranium for a standard that both honors our values tack is imminent. Some national secu- nuclear bomb. The agreement extended and protects our security. Because we rity scholars define ‘‘imminence’’ as the breakout time to 12 months—1 have high standards and because we ex- ‘‘leaving no reasonable time for non- year. Again, before the agreement, pect our leaders to act prudently and forceful measures to obviate such a Iran’s breakout time was 2 to 3 months. with deliberation, the Constitution re- threat.’’ So the agreement extended that time, quires substantial consultation with I will speak for myself only, but this meaning making the world safer by ex- Congress regarding matters of war ex- is true of a number of Senators, I be- tending that time from 2 to 3 months cept in limited, urgent circumstances. lieve. I have yet to see clear evidence to 1 year. That is where we were with Acting with disregard for these that there was ‘‘no reasonable time’’ to the implementation of the agreement. standards, President Trump took this seek nonlethal, diplomatic options Without this agreement—the unilateral action. The President may prior to killing Soleimani. The admin- JCPOA—without that agreement in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.027 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S219 place, Iran could reach the requisite only seven hearings that dealt directly we owe it to all Americans, especially uranium stockpile in as little as 6 with the proposed 2002 authorization our men and women in uniform and months, if not sooner. Iran is closer for the use of military force to author- their families, to engage in a substan- today to a nuclear weapon than it was ize the Iraq war. AUMF is the acronym tial, robust public debate on what en- a week or so ago, and certainly it is for that. Are seven hearings, over a pe- gaging in hostilities with Iran would closer to a nuclear weapon since 2018, riod of 3 weeks between the House and mean for U.S. national security and when the administration withdrew the Senate, sufficient discussion and how it could endanger American lives. from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of debate prior to voting to go to war The House vote of last Thursday was to Action. That is one consequence we with Iraq? No. No, that is not sufficient reassert this congressional authority, have to consider. Iran is closer to a nu- time and not a sufficient number of and the Senate will vote this week. I clear weapon. hearings. urge a vote in support of S.J. Res. 68, No. 2 is ISIS. If the President’s Octo- At last count, 201 Pennsylvanians which has several bipartisan cospon- ber 2019 withdrawal of U.S. forces from were killed in Iraq and over 1,200 were sors. Syria and the concurrent abandonment wounded. Have we learned from the This is a dark time, and I cannot of our Kurdish allies—if that did not mistakes of 2002 and 2003 that led to overstate my level of concern. I know create space for the resurgence of ISIS those deaths and all those Pennsylva- that concern is shared widely here in in the Middle East, the President’s re- nians being wounded and many thou- Congress but also across the country. cent action will almost certainly allow sands beyond that killed and wounded As to Iran, we are headed down a path for ISIS to regain a foothold in the re- in the Iraq war? Have we learned? Have to war, one which could be more gion. Just 3 days after the Soleimani we learned those lessons yet? We have bloody, more complicated, and more strike, the New York Times reported a duty—an abiding obligation—not to protracted than any in my lifetime. We that, and here is the headline, ‘‘U.S.- repeat the mistakes of the past and to have been walking down this path since Led Coalition Halts ISIS Fight as it constrain the actions of a President President Trump pulled out of the Steels for Iranian Attacks’’—halts ISIS who may endanger the lives of U.S. Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. fight. NATO has already suspended its servicemembers and Americans abroad. Every week since, we are a little closer operations against ISIS. We have to Before we get too far down this path, to an armed conflict, and the events of consider, how does that outcome make Congress must reassert its constitu- these past weeks have likely us safer? tional duty to debate and authorize turbocharged the dangerous path we Next, No. 3, we have to consider what war. Prior to authorizing a strike, we are on. is happening in Iraq. Iraq voted to must assess—and I hope the adminis- Going back to the time of the Viet- expel U.S. troops from their country as tration did this—whether such an ac- nam war and thereafter, elected leaders a result of the strike. If we fully with- tion would have an adverse impact on of both political parties have lied to draw from Iraq, where are we going to our national security. Before we march the American people. The American launch counter-ISIS operations in both our sons and daughters off to fight an- people were told we were making Iraq and Syria from? How do we do other war, we need to make sure we are progress, when we weren’t. The Amer- that—from where? Where was the ef- doing everything possible to prevent ican people were told that insurgencies fort to work with the Iraqi Govern- the loss of American lives. were in their ‘‘last throes,’’ when the ment in quashing Kataib Hezbollah and I have been clear in opposing a direct opposite was true. The American peo- countering Iranian influence in Iraq? confrontation with Iran without—with- ple demand that politicians don’t make Now that the Iraqi Government op- out a clear authorization from Con- serious mistakes that lead to war. The good news is, we still have time. poses U.S. troop presence in its coun- gress. The Trump administration acted We have time to get it right. We have try, what is the plan? How does the ad- without a congressionally approved au- time to engage in hard-nosed diplo- ministration plan to restart conversa- thorization for the use of military macy. We have time to reject a policy tions with Iran to negotiate a ‘‘better’’ force last week. That is why I and of regime change regarding Iran. There nuclear deal that will ensure Iran many others have cosponsored Senator is time for this administration to out- never has a nuclear bomb? How do they TIM KAINE’s bipartisan S.J. Res. 68 to line and implement an effective Iran restart those negotiations? This strike prevent the President from going to strategy that substantially reduces the looks more like another step forward war with Iran without congressional likelihood of war in a nuclear-armed in a policy of regime change rather authorization. If you want to go to war with Iran, you ought to be compelled Iran, but time is running short. than a coherent strategy designed to The administration may be com- to vote for it, up or down—vote for or keep our Nation safe by using tough di- mitted to a policy of regime change, against as a Member of Congress. Spe- plomacy and alliance-building to con- but the Senate can act. We can pass cifically, this resolution, S.J. Res. 68, front Iran. the bipartisan S.J. Res. 68 and other I have been one of the most deter- requires the President to ‘‘terminate measures to make sure this adminis- mined advocates of being tough on the use of the United States Armed tration cannot take us recklessly to Iran, especially regarding sanctions. Forces for hostilities against the Is- war with Iran without congressional Since I came to the Senate in 2007, I lamic Republican of Iran or any part of authorization or a declaration of war. have been part of almost every sanc- its government or military unless ex- We owe it to the American people and tions push in efforts to so-call tighten plicitly authorized by a declaration of to our servicemembers to do this. the screws on the Iranian regime and war or a specific authorization for the I suggest the absence of a quorum. hold them fully accountable for their use of military force’’ as enacted by The PRESIDING OFFICER. The actions. All those steps that I have Congress. Nothing in this resolution clerk will call the roll. been a part of, and people of both par- prevents the United States from ‘‘de- The bill clerk proceeded to call the ties have been a part of, were part of a fending itself against imminent at- roll. strategy to get the results we saw when tack.’’ Those are the exact words. Mrs. BLACKBURN. Mr. President, I the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Ac- It is authorization or declaration be- ask unanimous consent that the order tion was signed. fore you go to war with Iran. I think a for the quorum call be rescinded. Now, 2 years and after one particu- lot of Americans—most Americans—be- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. COT- larly dangerous week, President Trump lieve that is not just the right thing to TON). Without objection, it is so or- has badly undermined all that do but that is our duty, no matter who dered. progress. The advocates of regime is President. f change in Iran are closer than ever to When the administration fails to getting the United States into a shoot- brief Congress on threats we face and CHINA TRADE DEAL ing war with Iran. concurrently takes unilateral actions Mrs. BLACKBURN. Mr. President, The events of the last few weeks re- that could lead to all-out war, we must over the past few months, we have mind me of the lead-up to the U.S. in- act quickly and decisively to prevent spent a great deal of time in this vasion of Iraq in 2003. Across both the further escalation and demand a strat- Chamber discussing our adversarial re- House and the Senate, Congress held egy. We owe it to Pennsylvanians, and lationships with other countries, but

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.028 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S220 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 today I want to draw attention to a ative community in Tennessee. It con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The truly great economic and foreign pol- tains commitments by China to follow clerk will call the roll. icy victory negotiated with one of our through on pledges to eliminate pres- The senior assistant legislative clerk adversaries. In fact, it was signed just sure on foreign companies to transfer proceeded to call the roll. a few hours ago. technology to Chinese firms before Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I When it comes to trade, we have de- they are given market access. ask unanimous consent that the order voted most of our energy to drafting I will tell you, we are going to be for the quorum call be rescinded. and promoting the benefits of the keeping an eagle eye on this one as we The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without USMCA, but we have also gotten a move to the phase two negotiations. It objection, it is so ordered. great start on two other trade deals— also includes new pledges by China to f those that were negotiated with Japan refrain from competitive currency de- that went into effect January 1 and valuations and exchange rate manipu- LEGISLATIVE SESSION also with China, signed today. We are lation. All of this is covered by enforce- looking forward to this Chamber pass- ment measures U.S. officials can trig- UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA ing the USMCA this week and sending ger if we discover Beijing is acting in AGREEMENT IMPLEMENTATION it to the President’s desk. bad faith. Back home in Tennessee, what I hear I will tell you, so many in our agri- ACT from our agriculture community is, we culture community have said of these Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I want trade—consistent, dependable, re- enforcement mechanisms that this is move to proceed to Calendar No. 406, spectful, and fair trade. Entrepreneurs what is going to make a difference in H.R. 5430. depend on consistent, productive trade their ability to count on trade. Now, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The relations to keep their businesses up these protections are more than just an clerk will report the motion. and running and to put food on their ace up our sleeve; it is peace of mind The senior assistant legislative clerk employees’ tables. for every American who depends on read as follows: These Tennesseans play a special role trade to support their family. Motion to proceed to Calendar No. 406, H.R. in the U.S. relationship with China. In So phase one is in the books. What is 5430, a bill to implement the Agreement be- 2017, we exported $2.7 billion worth of next? More of the nuts and bolts that I tween the United States of America, the goods to China. That is from the State just talked about. United Mexican States, and Canada attached of Tennessee. Imports from China ac- If you have been following the past as an Annex to the Protocol Replacing the counted for 7.3 percent of Tennessee’s few years of our relations with China, North American Free Trade Agreement. GDP in 2018. They are our third largest you know that businesses trying to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The mo- trading partner, after Canada and Mex- deal with Beijing run the constant risk tion is not debatable. ico. of losing control over their own inven- The question is on agreeing to the Let me tell you, when things go tions. Intellectual property theft and motion. south with the Chinese, Tennesseans forced technology transfers have de- The motion was agreed to. feel the heat because of our ag trade. fined China’s relationship with foreign The PRESIDING OFFICER. The They are really paying attention to the businesses. This is what they complain clerk will report the title of the bill. ins and outs of our dealings with about. They steal those inventions and The senior assistant legislative clerk China, the good and the bad. They see sometimes actually beat them or read as follows: the news stories about China’s behav- match them moving into the market- A bill (H.R. 5430) to implement the Agree- ior in Hong Kong and Taiwan, about place. ment between the United States of America, spying, about intellectual property In phase two, we will be negotiating the United Mexican States, and Canada at- theft, and about those shady apps that a deal that ensures participation in the tached as an Annex to the Protocol Replac- children have probably downloaded ing the North American Free Trade Agree- Chinese market is not dependent on ment. onto their phones and their tablets. these unbalanced arrangements. Our Yes, indeed, they are rightfully con- efforts will be backed by previously The PRESIDING OFFICER. In ac- cerned. They are concerned because passed legislation that enhanced our cordance with section 151 of the Trade they see all of this in the context of controls on the export of new tech- Act, there will now be 20 hours of de- their day-to-day lives, and they know nology—like advanced robotics and ar- bate equally divided between the two that diplomatic tensions have just as tificial intelligence—and strengthened leaders or their designees. much potential to derail their oper- reviews of foreign investment in the Mr. MCCONNELL. I suggest the ab- ations as economic tensions. United States. We know it is an uphill sence of a quorum. Make no mistake—today’s signed battle. We certainly believe it can be The PRESIDING OFFICER. The deal with China is critical because it done. clerk will call the roll. couples desperately needed relief with I want to make it clear that no trade The senior assistant legislative clerk backstops that will help to keep our deal is ever going to be perfect. It is proceeded to call the roll. friends in Beijing in line. What does impossible. However, the first phase of Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I ask that look like? China agreed to in- this is a good, solid first step. We are unanimous consent that the order for crease purchases of American products taking care of our producers, taking the quorum call be rescinded. and services by at least $200 billion care of our workers, and opening up the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without over the next 2 years, which will reduce flow of goods and services. We are pro- objection, it is so ordered. our trade deficit and take care of our tecting our innovators in a way that PUERTO RICO farmers, our energy producers, and our will allow them to prospect in one of Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, a lot manufacturers. They committed to re- the globe’s most competitive markets is happening right now across our ducing nontariff barriers to agriculture without risking the loss of their intel- country and in Washington, DC, and in products and ease restrictions on the lectual property. We are giving busi- the House and the Senate—and across approval of new biotechnology. ness owners and families peace of mind the globe, for that matter. There are a American producers are covered in in the form of enforcement mecha- lot of issues. There is one that has not terms of free-flowing goods and when it nisms that will kick in the moment of- received the attention it should, which comes to the nuts and bolts of the busi- ficials determine our relationship with is about a group of Americans who ness of innovation. The phase one deal China is about to go off the rails. have suffered enormous calamity in the includes stronger Chinese legal protec- Today, our President signed this deal last few days who deserve our atten- tions for patents, trademarks, and on behalf of the American people, and I tion and our focus. copyrights. We wrote in improved encourage my colleagues to get in- I am speaking, of course, about the criminal and civil procedures to com- volved now as we move forward with devastation in Puerto Rico. Seismolo- bat online infringement and the ex- discussions for phase two. gists report that over 1,200 tremors, change of pirated and counterfeit I yield the floor. earthquakes, and aftershocks have goods. These are good signs for our cre- I suggest the absence of a quorum. struck the island since January 1. More

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.031 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S221 than 70 of these were of a magnitude 3.5 leased no later than last September—$8 Impeachment. Just a week ago Tues- or greater. Residents on the island billion related to Hurricane Maria—is day, 8 days ago, I was sitting in front of have felt at least 100 of these earth- being released, or at least put in the a television very worried about esca- quakes. The largest of the quakes, a Federal Register so it can be prepared lation to major war with Iran. There magnitude 6.4, struck last Tuesday, to be released years after the disaster, are big issues going on, absolutely, but taking one life and injuring many oth- when that aid was needed immediately don’t let these big issues prevent us ers. after the disaster to rebuild. from addressing the plight of our fellow More than 2 weeks after the Earth The citizens of Puerto Rico are Americans. Let’s pay attention. Let’s started shaking, these quakes and American citizens. They don’t have a make sure the people of Puerto Rico aftershocks are still going on. In fact, vote in this Chamber, and that is a are neither ignored nor neglected. this last weekend, the island was problem we should remedy. What we Swift action is needed. Let’s join to- struck by an earthquake with a 5.9 see is, when citizens don’t have a Sen- gether and make it happen. magnitude. Yesterday morning, a 4.6- ator who represents them, there is no The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- magnitude tremor could be felt. This one to stand up and advocate with the ator from Iowa. morning, there was a 5.1-magnitude same ferocity and determination and REMEMBERING CHRIS ALLEN quake. passion as somebody who is elected by Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, last The damage from these quakes is so those individuals, so the rest of us need week, the Senate Finance Committee severe, it can be seen from space. Ac- to stand in—Democrats and Repub- and the entire Senate lost a dedicated cording to NASA, the satellite shows licans, Senators from the South and public servant—and, by the way, an all- the land in parts of Southern Puerto the North and the East and West—we around wonderful man—with the unex- Rico, near the epicenter of the quake, need to stand in together on behalf of pected passing of Chris Allen. 1 has moved 5 ⁄2 inches. That is a very our fellow Americans in this dev- Chris had been a member of the Fi- dramatic change in the landscape. astated landscape of Puerto Rico. nance Committee tax team since 2018. I You don’t have to be in space; you This neglect of the citizens of Puerto was fortunate that he was willing to don’t have to have those images or be Rico, of this island that is part of continue in that role when I reclaimed orbiting the planet and looking down America, is staggering. That is why I the gavel last year after the retirement to see the damage because the damage have joined with Senator SCHUMER and of my friend, and former chairman, is everywhere. There is $110 million in 31 of my Democratic colleagues in a Orrin Hatch. damages estimated by the Governor’s letter to President Trump supporting As Members, we are blessed with office. Other estimates from the Geo- the Governor of Puerto Rico’s request dedicated people like Chris, who come logical Survey now have the damage for a major disaster declaration, but to Capitol Hill to perform public serv- approaching $1 billion. this shouldn’t be a partisan letter. Power has been restored to most of ice. They come here to make a dif- Let’s all join together—Democrats and the island, but periodic outages are ference, no matter what their party or Republicans together—to fight for the still happening in different parts of the ideology. They come from all walks of aid that is needed by our fellow citi- island, and severe energy conservation life, religious backgrounds, and from zens. is in place. all over the country. They work long President Trump signed a declaration The Costa Sur plant in the town of hours, and sometimes their work is that provides only $5 million for imme- Guayanilla was so severely damaged, stymied by the political headwinds we they are telling us that it will take diate emergency services. Five million know about in the Congress of the over a year to get it up and running. dollars isn’t close to addressing what United States. But when an idea is a That island needs 500 megawatts of the Geological Survey says is close to good one and the people pursuing it do emergency generation until that plant $1 billion in damage. That $5 million is so with a full heart and focused mind, is fixed. useful, but far more is going to be it will eventually become law. As of last Thursday, hundreds of needed—far more—for removing debris, Last year proved to be a year when a thousands were without water. The building temporary shelters, providing number of good ideas finally became world-renowned chef Jose Andres’ re- electric generators, distributing food law in the area of retirement security, lief organization World Central Kitch- and water, providing immediate emer- in no small part because of Chris’ hard en has served tens of thousands of gency lifesaving medical care. They are work and dedication. meals in just the last few days. Build- going to need a lot of help, in addition, After more than 3 years, we were fi- ings and homes have collapsed and for long-term rebuilding. A major dis- nally able to pass the Finance Commit- been destroyed. Thousands are living aster declaration can help in that. tee’s Retirement Enhancement and outside of their homes, both with the That has not happened. It has been sit- Savings Act. We use acronyms around damage done and the damage feared. ting on the desk in the Oval Office here, and that is RESA. RESA became It is reported that a total of 559 since last Saturday. law after it was incorporated into the structures are affected. Look at this Let’s join together—Democrats and Setting Every Community Up for Re- picture. Look at this pile of rubble Republicans together—and say: Mr. tirement Enhancement Act, and that lined up and crossing the street of col- President, sign that declaration that acronym is the SECURE Act. lapsed buildings, hundreds of piles like brings along with it crisis counseling, Chris was very instrumental in help- that where building, or parts of build- help rebuilding homes, help repairing ing navigate the long and, at times, ings, once stood. There are 4,000 to 6,000 roads, help restoring bridges, water very contentious process that cul- residents in shelters, thousands sleep- control, water supply. Clean water sup- minated in this important package of ing in hammocks or inflatable mat- ply is so important to health. Water retirement provisions being enacted tresses and in tents because they are treatment, which is so important in just before last Christmas. afraid to sleep in their homes. preventing cholera, job training, aid Possibly even more important, Chris My heart goes out to the people of for businesses—that is the type of thor- brought a very deep knowledge of mul- Puerto Rico who are enduring yet an- ough, significant assistance the people tiemployer pensions to bear over the other natural disaster, while they still of Puerto Rico need, and they need it past several years to help us move for- have been fighting to rebuild their right now, not tomorrow and not a ward on important reforms. homes and their lives after the destruc- month from now, not years from now. In the last Congress, Chris served as tion of Hurricane Maria 3 years ago. They need it now. I say, let’s join to- the staff director of the Joint Select The truth is, we haven’t done nearly gether and call on President Trump to Committee on Solvency of Multiem- enough to help them. Not nearly sign that major disaster declaration ployer Pension Plans. Congress formed enough from the last disaster has made that unleashes this help. this committee for the very important it to the island to help them repair all There is a lot going on in the world, job of addressing the impending insol- of that damage done. The aid that has a lot here in Washington. We prepare vency of a number of multiemployer come has not come quickly enough. for one of the rare moments in Amer- plans and the projected insolvency of Indeed, just today, we are hearing ican history where we will be con- the multiemployer fund of the Pension that the aid that was supposed to be re- ducting a trial related to Articles of Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.032 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S222 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 With Chris’ steady hand and his tire- to go in just a little different direction For the past month, the American less efforts, the Joint Select Com- than certain interest groups might people have watched the Speaker, I be- mittee laid a critical foundation in 2018 have wanted to go because Chris knew lieve, make a spectacle of herself. They for addressing the multiemployer pen- that to get anything done in this body, talked about the need to pass this in a sion crisis. you have to compromise. As you can way that was rushed, that was par- Throughout 2019, Chris carried that tell, policy work was fun for Chris. Pol- tisan, that was sloppy, but they had to work forward as a member of my Fi- icy work was important, and he saw get it done. Their key word from the nance Committee staff. Through policy work as sustaining over a long Speaker and from so many in the months of work with Finance Com- period of time. House was ‘‘urgency.’’ We have to get mittee member offices, and also work- I hope I am pointing out that this this done, they said—urgency, urgency, ing with the HELP Committee, work- type of goodwill and dedication was in- urgency. So they took the vote in the ing with the PBGC, and, most impor- fectious. Every day was meaningful. House before Christmas. Then the tantly, stakeholder groups that are af- Every day was a source of joy. Speaker decided to sit on this for 4 fected by any reform we do, Chris was As I said in my statement on Friday long weeks. She blocked the moving of the one leading the effort to build on night after I learned of Chris’ passing, the articles from the House to the Sen- the Joint Select Committee’s work of Chris was a public servant who brought ate by refusing to send over the nec- the previous year. That effort led to a deep well of knowledge to his work. essary papers. the development of the Multiemployer We all know he is going to leave behind In the end, the American people, in- Pension Recapitalization and Reform a legacy of impact on so many lives cluding key Members of the Democrats Plan that Chairman ALEXANDER and I that he was able to improve with his in the Senate, realized that this was released in November. Resolving the expertise, with his confidence, and the just a political stunt. Even the Senate multiemployer pension crisis remains a example he set with his hard work. But Democrats lost patience with her cyn- top priority, and now there is another he never let that keep him from living ical scheming. The American people important reason to see it done in life to the fullest, especially where his saw what this was. A Harvard-Harris Chris’ memory because he put so much family was concerned. poll cites that 56 percent of Americans effort into where we are at this point. You learn these things about a staff say that what she was doing was just a While Chris has been a key asset to member’s family with the crisis of a political stunt. We are talking about the Finance Committee on retirement passing, but Chris was a devoted father the impeachment of the President of and pension policy, his depth of knowl- to two wonderful daughters, Lucie and the United States, but it was just a po- edge was much deeper than just that Sophie. Chris was a loving husband for litical stunt. She should have done her issue. Prior to joining the committee, nearly 30 years to his wife, Lynda- job. She should have delivered the arti- Chris served as Senator ROBERTS’ sen- Marie. Chris was a thoughtful and com- cles in a timely manner. ior tax policy adviser for 7 years. Chris passionate son and brother. Chris was a Nevertheless, the Senate Republicans played a key role in helping us develop fierce friend to so many who came to are ready to move forward today. We and pass the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of know him during his 58 years. Chris have the majority’s support to adopt 2017. In that effort, he focused heavily knew how to live life. the rules that were used in the im- on the tax rules affecting farmers and Losing Chris is extremely difficult peachment trial of President Clinton. ranchers across the Nation. Farmers for all of us. At times, the finger of God President Trump deserves the same and ranchers are a key interest of Sen- reaches down and takes a person who treatment. In 1999, all 100 Senators—all ator ROBERTS and the State of Kansas. we know and love. It is not for us to 100—including the Democratic leader, A close look at Chris’ resume shows know why that happened. What we Senator SCHUMER, voted for these that he was very successful in working know is we all got to know Chris and rules, and 77 percent of the American for the National Association of State got to know him well. He was part of public says: Hey, if it is good enough Treasurers and then with another orga- our lives, and we all benefited from the for Clinton, we ought to do the same nization, the Financial Accounting time that we had with him. We are all thing today. So, after making his own, Foundation. He also worked at other blessed to have that. unreasonable demands for weeks, Sen- firms linked to his expertise in finan- For his family and the countless oth- ator SCHUMER now says he is ready to cial services, regulation, and legisla- ers who had the good fortune to know begin the trial. tion. and work with Chris Allen, a piece of The truth is that the Democrats have What stands out about Chris is his him will live on with each of us in already made a mockery of impeach- ability to bring folks with very dif- every memory of him. Whether it was ment. What they really want is a show ferent views together in the classic leg- of Chris’ positivity and sincerity, or trial, not a fair trial, and that is what islative process. And boy, I watched the endless way he could inject humor happened in the House of Representa- him in meetings on the multiemployer into a very difficult situation, Chris tives. It was all for show. What do I pension issues and how he navigated all was a blessing to those who were fortu- mean by that? Let’s take a look at that, and I thought to myself: Without nate enough to know him. Chris, this couldn’t be done. Rest in peace, my friend, Chris Allen. what happened in the House. He had great ability with numbers God bless Chris’ family and may He First of all, their hearings were in se- and great dedication to public policy. show them His grace as they take these cret, behind closed doors, in the base- That is what made Chris stand out. I next steps in their own life’s path. ment of the Capitol. Then they selec- am confident that had the Good Lord Chris will be greatly missed. tively released misleading information. not taken Chris last week, he would I yield the floor. They denied the President due process, have remained a fixture on the Finance I suggest the absence of a quorum. and they denied the President the op- Committee staff for many years to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The portunity to face his accusers and to come. Public service was very simply clerk will call the roll. face the whistleblower. Even though at the core of Chris’ identity as a pro- The senior assistant bill clerk pro- there was immediate interest and, at fessional. ceeded to call the roll. first, they said ‘‘Oh, the whistleblower A key to Chris’ success was his genial Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I ask will testify,’’ they then said ‘‘No, no, nature. You might not know it by unanimous consent that the order for no. We don’t want you to even know looking at him, but he had a very the quorum call be rescinded. who the whistleblower is or what rea- quick wit. It seems like everybody felt The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. son or personal issues related to the comfortable with Chris, and Chris was PERDUE). Without objection, it is so or- whistleblower may have brought forth comfortable with them. He had a lot of dered. the reason for that person to come for- contentious meetings. I had a chance IMPEACHMENT ward. We don’t want you to know to observe some of them and his work- Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I where the whistleblower’s alliances ing with the stakeholders on multiem- come to the floor after Speaker PELOSI may lie.’’ ployer pensions. I saw the comfort they has ended her delay of the Senate im- The Democrats have always known had with him, even when he was trying peachment trial today. they cannot remove this President.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.033 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S223 Their real agenda is the 2020 Presi- WAR POWERS RESOLUTION tions about intelligence threaten to dential election and the Senate elec- Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I rise draw the United States into an illegal tions. Thankfully, the Democrats’ 3- in support of S.J. Res. 68, to prevent an war with the country of Iran. year-long partisan impeachment ef- unnecessary and unauthorized war Look at what has happened as a re- fort—their goal being to impeach from against Iran. sult of Trump’s escalation: Our Iraqi day No. 1—is finally nearing an end. It I thank my friend from Virginia, strategic partners are demanding that was from day No. 1. We saw ELIZABETH Senator KAINE, as well as Senators U.S. troops leave bases in Iraq pre- WARREN, candidate for President, on DICK DURBIN, MIKE LEE, and RAND maturely, increasing the chance that the debate stage last night. Yet, in De- PAUL, for standing up for our laws and ISIS will reconstitute itself in the re- cember of 2016, after Donald Trump had for the U.S. Constitution, which gives gion. The truth matters. been elected but before he had even Congress, not the President, the power Iran has announced that it is no been sworn in, she had held a press con- to make war and to authorize the use longer bound by enrichment restric- ference and had talked about impeach- of military force. tions under the deal. This only makes ing him. The assassination of Iranian General it more likely that Iran will hasten its On the day the President took the Soleimani was a massive, deliberate, quest for a nuclear bomb. The truth oath of office, there was a headline in and dangerous escalation of conflict matters. the Washington Post that read: ‘‘The with Iran by Donald Trump. Rather Despite Donald Trump’s best efforts, campaign to impeach President Trump than deterring new attacks on Amer- the United States is a country that has begun.’’ ican interests, as the administration abides by the rule of law. Our laws say Here we are now, over 3 years since insists, Soleimani’s assassination in- Congress has the sole authority to election day of 2016, and we are getting vited them, and they came in the form make and to authorize war. Neither the ready to have votes in Iowa in less of airstrikes on U.S. air bases in Iraq. 2001 nor the 2002 authorizations for the than 3 weeks. So this isn’t really about But instead of sharing with Congress use of military force can be used to trying to remove President Trump and the American people information provide legal cover for a war with Iran, from office; it is about trying to influ- and intelligence that justify the and we owe it to the American people ence the vote of 2020. With voting in Soleimani attack, President Trump to repeal these obsolete authorizations, Iowa being 3 weeks away and the gen- and his counselors have deflected, fab- which Presidents of both political par- eral election’s not being far away—No- ricated, and just plain refused to tell ties have abused to justify military vember 3—voters, not Congress, are the truth about the so-called imminent campaigns in far-flung parts of the going to decide whether to keep Presi- threat that was prevented. planet. dent Trump in office. We now have press reports con- To guard against another quagmire The President has a terrific record to firming that President Trump author- as we experienced in Vietnam, Con- stand on. There have been 7 million ized the killing of General Soleimani 7 gress acted, through the War Powers new jobs created since he has been months ago. The administration Resolution of 1973, to rein in Presi- elected. The President has cut taxes doesn’t just look to be misrepresenting dential overreach when it came to war. and gutted regulations that have been the imminent threat of Soleimani, it That resolution, which informs our de- bate on the Senate floor today, makes punishing to the economy. There have appears to be fabricating information it clear that the President cannot put been trade deals. He is signing one with intended to bypass Congress’s constitu- our brave men and women in harm’s China today, and there are additional tional role to authorize war. trade deals. We are going to pass the Last week, President Trump revealed way without a vote by Congress or if there is an armed attack on the United USMCA tomorrow. There is a new more information on the killing to a States. trade deal with Japan. Unemployment FOX News personality, and he gave Neither the 2001 nor the 2002 author- is at an all-time low. There is a 50-year more information to that personality low in unemployment in this country, ization for the use of military force on FOX than he did in a 75-minute provides legal cover for the killing of and wages are going up. briefing to the entire U.S. Senate. That It is time for the Democrats to stop Soleimani or any other future attacks is completely and totally unacceptable. wasting the time of the American peo- against the country of Iran. FOX News should not know more about ple. There are jobs that need to be It bears repeating that a possible war our national security interests than done. Congress needs to get its job with Iran did not begin with Iran’s at- the 100 Senators who sit here and have done, which is to focus on the issues tack on the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad, the responsibility to ensure that we are that the American public care about— nor did it begin with the President’s a check and balance on the executive roads, highways, bridges, tunnels, in- decision to select the extreme option of branch. frastructure. There is key legislation assassinating Soleimani. The uptick in No evidence has yet been presented we need to be advancing, like lowering Iran’s attacks in the region and that of to support President Trump’s out- the costs of prescription drugs—helping its proxies can be traced to President landish claim that Iran would ‘‘prob- people get insulin that is cheaper for Trump’s unilateral and irresponsible ably’’ target four U.S. Embassies—an them. We need to help those families. exit from the Iran nuclear deal—the assertion that was contradicted days We need to secure the border. That is deal to put inspectors in every one of later by his own Secretary of Defense. what is going on. the Iranian nuclear facilities. The Iran To think that we are going to spend Perhaps that is why President Trump’s deal was working. It was the best tool the amount of time that we are going latest defense is just to simply throw we have to ensure Iran never obtains a to spend on impeachment as a result of up his hands and say: I am sorry; I am nuclear weapon—that was until what the House has been doing and the not giving you the information that Trump’s capricious decision to pull out Democrats have been doing since day you need. He tweets that the immi- of the deal and crush Iran by No. 1 is a misuse of taxpayer money nence test ‘‘doesn’t really matter be- ratcheting up American sanctions. and is a misuse of Congress’s time to cause of [Soleimani’s] horrible past.’’ Trump is now doubling down on his do the job that we were elected to do— So it is no longer imminent threat, failed approach by ratcheting up sanc- to help the American people. from his perspective, because he says it tions on new sectors of the Iranian I yield the floor. really doesn’t matter. He decides, and economy. This escalation will make I suggest the absence of a quorum. he decides without consultation with the Trump deal that he says he wants The PRESIDING OFFICER. The the Congress. all the more elusive. clerk will call the roll. Here is the lesson Donald Trump Before the United States backed out The legislative clerk proceeded to seems unwilling or unable to learn: The of the Iran deal, the President’s own call the roll. truth does matter. In matters of war CIA Director, Director of National In- Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I ask and peace, the truth is nonnegotiable. telligence, and the United Nation’s unanimous consent that the order for Trump’s reckless actions have put international watchdog agency all said the quorum call be rescinded. tens of thousands of American Armed Iran was upholding its end of the deal. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Forces, diplomats, and civilians at Iran was upholding its end of the nu- objection, it is so ordered. greater risk, and his continued fabrica- clear deal. Since then, however, Iran

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.035 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S224 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 has moved away from its nuclear-re- H.R. 5430 ment almost impossible and was par- lated commitments in phases. Most Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, this ticularly a problem with labor rights in worrisome was Iran’s announcement afternoon, the Finance Committee is Mexico. The same government that al- last week that it was no longer bound kicking off this debate. I will have lowed corporations to undercut Amer- by enrichment restrictions under the some remarks, and then the distin- ican jobs by paying rock bottom wages deal. guished chairman of the committee, and abusing rights in Mexico had the But we can still salvage a diplomatic Senator GRASSLEY, will have some re- power to actually block our country outcome. All of Iran’s steps are revers- marks, and Senator BROWN, who has from fighting back for the workers. So ible. For one, Iran remains party to the played such a key role in the enforce- it was a head-scratcher when the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, re- ment issues, will follow. Trump administration proposed essen- quiring it to foreswear acquisition of a I am glad we are getting on this de- tially a new NAFTA that kept the old nuclear bomb. Additionally, inter- bate. There is a lot to say about this NAFTA enforcement system. It ought national inspectors from the Inter- topic, and I want to talk first about to have been the first part of the origi- national Atomic Energy Agency main- how the new NAFTA got to this point. nal NAFTA that they threw in the tain access to Iranian nuclear sites to In the 2016 Presidential campaign, trash can, but, sure enough, in 2018, the detect and deter any ramp-up in en- then-candidate Trump said he was Trump administration agreed to lan- richment or reprocessing. going to pull the United States out of guage on trade enforcement that really But pulling the United States back NAFTA. He said it was ‘‘the worst did not enforce anything. into a position where we are not going trade deal maybe ever signed any- So Senator BROWN, who has fought to war will require a change in strat- where, but certainly ever signed in this for years for tough trade law enforce- egy by the President of the United country.’’ ment, said: We are going to get to- States. It means a commitment from As President, Donald Trump went in gether, and we are going to change the President to, one, cease any further a different direction. After negotiating this. We put together a proposal that military action, as today’s resolution with Canada and Mexico, the Trump makes the U.S. enforcement system calls for; two, engage in talks with Ira- administration announced a deal in faster, tougher, and directly responsive nian President Hasan Ruhani or other 2018 that actually doubled down on sev- to American workers and businesses senior leaders to defuse the crisis and eral key mistakes of the original that are targeted by the trade cheats. to support our allies as they work in NAFTA. The new NAFTA the Trump Our approach puts trade enforcement good faith to preserve the Iran nuclear administration came up with was way, boots on the ground to identify when way too weak on enforcement of the deal; three, make clear that the United factories in Mexico break the labor trade laws. Here in the Senate, we States does not seek to impose regime standards we should insist on. It will Democrats said it wasn’t good change in Iran—the future of Iran must be a lot easier to penalize the violators enough—not even close—to get through be decided by the Iranian people alone; and protect the jobs they threaten to the Congress. So we got down to work and four, cease any and all threats undercut. Senator BROWN and I worked and we fixed it. against Iranian cultural sites and civil- with our colleagues, Democratic col- ians. These would be war crimes. De- The bill we will be considering is the end product of all that work. This leg- leagues on the Finance Committee, but stroying cultural sites is what ISIS we talked to plenty of Republicans as does. It is what the Taliban does. It is islation is now the first real measure of certainty and predictability on the cru- well. We took our ideas to the House what the Chinese Government does. leadership. We got their input and sup- That is not who we are in the United cial issue of trade which American workers, our businesses, and families port. We told the Trump administra- States of America. Finally, we must re- tion that tough enforcement with what peal the 2001 and 2002 authorizations have. It is the first real measure of cer- tainty and predictability since the be- has come to be known as the Brown- for the use of military force imme- Wyden proposal was going to be a pre- diately. ginning of the Trump administration. requisite to getting the new NAFTA Americans strongly reject President It now has the strongest trade en- through Congress. As I said, I think Trump’s deliberate and escalatory ac- forcement system ever written into a tion against Iran. They do so not just trade agreement. There are significant this is the toughest labor enforcement because it is wrong, but they do not new resources put into protecting measure that our country has seen, and want to get embroiled into another American workers. Unfortunately, that is a big reason why the AFL–CIO costly war in the Middle East without there has been an effort by a few on the has endorsed the bill. When you combine this all-in ap- end. A poll last week shows that Amer- other side to strip the crucial enforce- proach to enforcement with significant icans by more than 2 to 1 say that the ment resources for enforcing the rights new standards on labor and environ- killing of General Soleimani has made of workers and protecting the environ- mental protection, you also get the the United States less safe. Sadly, they ment. It is masquerading under a whole benefit of beginning to stop the race to are right. lot of procedural lingo, but it is really In passing Senator KAINE’s resolu- a trojan horse to go back to business as the bottom. You raise other countries tion, this body has a chance to reclaim usual with weak enforcement of trade to the standards set by our country in- our Founders’ vision for the proper role laws that doesn’t get the job done. stead of forcing American workers to of Congress. We are the direct rep- Over the last week—and I see the dis- compete in a game that is rigged resentatives of the people. Congress tinguished chairman of the committee against them. must express the will of the people to here—these procedural gimmicks have These have been core Democratic determine when, where, and against been opposed by the chairman and my- trade policies for a long time. Commit- whom our country decides to go to war. self. I want to thank the chairman this ments on labor and the environment We cannot and must not get pulled afternoon for doing so. For decades, weren’t a part of the original NAFTA. into war with Iran, and we cannot there has been a lot of happy talk in Those issues were just pushed aside allow Trump to start a war all on his Washington about enforcing trade into what was essentially called a side own. laws, but the government just moved letter. They were the trade policy I thank Senator KAINE for his leader- too slowly and did too little to protect equivalent of a pinky swear and about ship on this resolution that I call upon American workers when trade cheats as easy to enforce. Now they are going all of my colleagues here on the Senate came after their jobs. Workers and to be at the heart of the agreement. floor to support. businesses were forced to wait for years The United States will have more I yield the floor. for the government to crack down on power than ever to hold Mexico and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the rip-off artists, and so often it was Canada to the commitments made in ator from Oregon. too late. Workers were laid off, fac- this legislation. Mr. WYDEN. Mr. President, what is tories were shuttered, and commu- On technology and digital trade, the business now before the Senate? nities were left without a beating eco- something that I put an enormous The PRESIDING OFFICER. The nomic heart. amount of my time into, the new pending question is H.R. 5430, the The original NAFTA was a part of NAFTA redefines what trade policy USMCA bill. the problem. It made strong enforce- will be about. Digital trade wasn’t even

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.043 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S225 a part of the original NAFTA because, It will end unfair practices that dis- both sides. I don’t know whether it was by and large, it didn’t exist. criminate against American-grown 100 percent or 90 percent or 80 percent Smartphones were science fiction. The wheat. that was incorporated in this bill, but internet was still years away. Oregon companies that sell services their laying the groundwork was the Senator GRASSLEY has heard me say like apps and engineering plans to cus- basis for getting an agreement between this many times. The internet was tomers overseas will have new protec- the White House and the House of Rep- years away from becoming the shipping tions under the digital trade rules. It resentatives so we could move this to lane of the 21st century. The problem will help our manufacturers because the point where the Senate is going to has been that our trade laws were still the new NAFTA raises the bar and in- pass it tomorrow, I hope. So I thank stuck in the Betamax mindset. cludes those protections on labor Senator WYDEN and Senator BROWN, Technology and digital trade are ob- rights I have described. who is not here, but maybe you can tell viously at the core of a modern econ- There are a lot of Members to thank him I said thank you. omy. They account for millions of who pitched in. We are going to hear Mr. WYDEN. I will. good-paying jobs. They are woven into from a number of them on the floor, Mr. GRASSLEY. It is said that good every major American industry you and I am going to thank them before things come to those who wait. Others can think of—healthcare, education, we wrap up. say it is better late than never. Either manufacturing, agriculture, and the I will close with this. The last few way, we can agree that this day has list goes on. So when the United States years have delivered one trade gut been a long time coming. fights for strong rules on digital trade, punch after another to our farmers, our With the passage of the United it is fighting to protect ‘‘red, white, shippers, our manufacturers, and our States-Mexico-Canada Agreement by and blue’’ jobs. exporters. The administration has driv- what will be an overwhelming margin That is why the new NAFTA helps to en away traditional economic allies. A here in the U.S. Senate, America’s protect our intellectual property and lot of manufacturers are hurting. Farm economy will continue to thrive and prevent shakedowns of American busi- bankruptcies have surged. Foreign drive prosperity for hard-working nesses for their valuable ideas. It also markets are more closed off—many of American farmers, workers, and tax- includes something that I felt very them to American exports—than they payers all across our economy. strongly about, and that is it estab- were before the Trump administration You have heard the old saying: ‘‘A lished U.S. law that protects small began. With this legislation we have an rising tide lifts all boats.’’ The new technology entrepreneurs that want to opportunity to begin—and I want to NAFTA, the bill that we are working build successful lasting businesses in a underline that, to begin—to change on, puts a bigger oar in the water for field that is now dominated by just a that. our trilateral trade relationship with few Goliaths. I particularly want to thank Senator our northern and southern neighbors. It is long past time for the United BROWN for his laser focus and leader- It is important to point out that we States to bring its trade policy into the ship on the issue of enforcement. I wouldn’t be here without the bold lead- modern digital world. Getting smart think Senator CANTWELL, who will ership and the determination of Presi- digital trade laws on the books is not speak on this issue soon, has done a dent Trump. The President is doing ex- just about boosting exports. What the particularly good job about trying to actly what he said he would do. internet looks like in 10, 20, or 50 years build an infrastructure for enforcing So many people running for Presi- is going to be an open question. Will it our trade laws. I think it is only appro- dent run on a platform, but they don’t be an open venue for communication priate to have a special Senate shout- stand on that platform. He ran on a among people around the world or will out for Ambassador Lighthizer, who platform of doing something about more governments follow the lead of has been straight with members of our what he considered were bad trade China, Russia, Turkey, and Iran, be- committee. I know the chairman will agreements, and, of course, he is stand- cause what they are talking about speak on that next. I call him the hard- ing on that platform. could fracture the internet around na- est working man in the trade agree- Undaunted by those who set to throw tional borders. Will the internet be a ment debate. him out of office since day one, Presi- platform for free speech or will Chinese I support this bill. I hope my col- dent Trump forged ahead for the good officials and corporations find new leagues will do it. I know the chairman of the American people. He forged ways to reach across the ocean and will have remarks, and Senator BROWN ahead to update and improve NAFTA trample on the rights of the American will be here. Other colleagues will be for Americans. We heard, during the people? here. I know Chairman GRASSLEY is campaign, that it was the President’s These are just a few of the important glad we are getting at this. I share his opinion that it is the worst agreement questions the United States will have views. that has ever been made. I might not to confront when it comes to tech- We have plenty to do on healthcare agree with the extreme of that, but I nology. and other issues, and we look forward do know, as Senator WYDEN has point- In my view, locking in digital trade to working with him. ed out, that there were a lot of things rules that protect our jobs and promote I yield the floor. that weren’t even negotiable 30 years free speech and commerce online is a The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ago when we first sought NAFTA, and good place to start. Labor rights, envi- President pro tempore is recognized. at least an updating needed to be done. ronmental protection, rules on tech- Mr. GRASSLEY. Mr. President, be- The President has done more than nology and digital trade, and aggres- fore I start my remarks, I think it is update. As the President promised dur- sive enforcement to protect American important for all Senators to know ing his campaign, at the end of the day, workers are all areas where there has that when there were negotiations President Trump successfully steered been significant improvement in the going on between the White House and that final trade pact into the 21st cen- new NAFTA. I call this ‘‘trade done the Democrats in the House of Rep- tury. He did so with a tireless and te- right.’’ resentatives, one of the real sticking nacious team of advisers, especially My State, along with Senator GRASS- points was enforcement. I think every- the leadership of the U.S. Trade Rep- LEY’s State, is so dependent on trade. body expects a trade agreement to be resentative, Bob Lighthizer. Senator One out of four jobs in Oregon revolves enforced, but a lot more had to be done WYDEN just gave more adjectives to around international trade. They often than what was originally agreed to Bob Lighthizer’s work, and I associate pay better than do the non-trade jobs when the agreement was signed. myself with the remarks and the de- because they have a higher value-added I want to recognize Senator WYDEN scription that Senator WYDEN gave to component. Most of them are small and Senator BROWN because months be- Bob Lighthizer’s heavy lift to get this businesses, and they export. Agri- fore, maybe even years before—I don’t job done because Bob Lighthizer culture is a big part of our economy. want to take away from how hard they worked in good faith to broker and The new NAFTA will put more of our were working on some ways of improv- fine-tune the USMCA. wine on shelves outside the United ing enforcement—but at least they had Mr. Lighthizer built a strong and States. It will increase dairy exports. an idea out there that was salable to sweeping coalition to strengthen and

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USMCA also fixes enforcement vide peace of mind for Americans for the bedrock of any good trade agree- flaws that hog-tied NAFTA from keep- their healthcare and financial security. ment, and it is in that enforcement ing everyone accountable to their com- I yield the floor. that he took good ideas from Wyden mitments. I suggest the absence of a quorum. and Brown. Speaking of hogs, the new NAFTA is The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. Unfortunately, these efforts that I good news for American farmers and BLACKBURN). The clerk will call the just described to you became entangled ranchers. My State of Iowa happens to roll. in a time-wasting partisan roadblock benefit from this to a great extent be- The legislative clerk proceeded to from the House of Representatives. It cause my State is the Nation’s No. 1 call the roll. is unfortunate for the American people, pork producer. In 2018, Canada and Mr. BROWN. Madam President, I ask especially our farmers, ranchers, and Mexico bought more than 40 percent of unanimous consent that the order for workers, that public policymaking U.S. pork exports. These exports sup- the quorum call be rescinded. took a back seat to a partisan obses- port 16,000 U.S. jobs. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without sion of impeaching the 45th President. USMCA preserves critical, duty-free objection, it is so ordered. That is a shame. access to Mexico and Canada. It re- Mr. BROWN. Madam President, to- The President is upholding his prom- moves unfair restrictions on U.S. farm morrow I will do something I have ise to put America and Americans first. and food products. For the first time never done in my time in the House His message resonates with tens of mil- ever, U.S. eggs and dairy exports will and Senate. I will vote for a trade lions of Americans who want to restore be sold in Canada. This is very good agreement for the first time in my ca- the American dream for their children news. It means an additional $227 mil- reer. I am voting for that trade agree- and grandchildren. These Americans lion for dairy exports to Canada and ment because of the work my colleague want the next generation to have the $50.6 million of exports into Mexico. from Oregon Senator WYDEN and I did same opportunity to lay claim to the My home State of Iowa also is the No. to fix President Trump’s deal and se- American dream that nine generations 1 egg producer in the country. USMCA cure new protections for American before, going back to the Colonies, will increase U.S. exports of poultry workers for the first time ever, in spite have built upon so that each genera- and eggs to Canada by $207 million. It of the President’s intransigence, in tion can live better than the preceding also addresses restrictions that kept spite of the President’s lining up, as he generation. U.S. wheat and wine out of Canada. always does, with corporate interests. That American dream is that if you I thank the former Iowa Governor Our trade agreement, for the first work hard and play by the rules, you and previous Agriculture Secretary, time ever—ever—put workers at the can earn a good living, get ahead, and Tom Vilsack, because, as the leading center of this agreement. Every trade stay ahead. A big plank in President Democrat in the State of Iowa, he set agreement I have seen in my time in Trump’s platform is fixing broken aside partisan motives embraced by Congress—the North American Free trade agreements. USMCA is not the other Members of his party to work to- Trade Agreement, the Central America first of it because he has worked with gether with Senator ERNST, Governor Free Trade Agreement, the trade Japan, and he has worked with Korea, Kim Reynolds, and me to champion agreements with Colombia, South and today we saw the signing of phase USMCA. Korea, and Panama, the permanent one of the Chinese agreement, so he is According to the U.S. International normal trade relation with China—one making great progress. Trade Commission, the USMCA will after another, every one of these trade The President is determined to stop raise real GDP by more than $68 bil- agreements, every one of these trade America’s farmers and manufacturers lion, and USMCA will create nearly actions were written fundamentally in and workers and consumers from being 176,000 jobs. So, all told, the trade pact secret by corporate interests to serve taken for a ride. When it comes to un- is forecast to boost farm and food ex- corporate interests. Workers were fair trade agreements, we are finding ports by at least $2.2 billion. Consid- never at the center of these trade out now that the buck stops with ering the slump in the farm economy, agreements. President Trump. I am not sure, 3 it is really shameful that passage of One of my proudest votes in the years ago, I would have said that, but the USMCA was stalled for over a year House was against the North American I think after 3 years and USMCA, the and nearly derailed by a partisan agen- Free Trade Agreement. I have voted no Chinese agreement, the Korean agree- da, including the impeachment. ever since. Again, it is because all of ment, the Japanese agreement, and Under the Trump economy, the these trade agreements were written some other things he has done in trade, United States is enjoying the longest by corporations to maximize profits he ought to wake everybody up that economic expansion in U.S. history. and compensation for executives and to what he ran on in his platform he has Ratification of the USMCA will help enrich stockholders, always at the ex- carried out. America’s economic engine fire on all pense of workers and at the expense of With NAFTA, when it took effect 26 cylinders and refuel prosperity in rural communities like Mansfield, Ports- years ago this month, the digital econ- America. mouth, Toledo, and Youngstown, OH. omy and the commercialization of the If you remember, I mentioned at the I was talking to a friend of mine in internet didn’t even exist. The USMCA beginning of my remarks that passage Trumbull County, former Senator creates the first U.S. free trade agree- of the USMCA is better late than Cafaro. She knows what has happened ment with a digital trade chapter. never, and while I am looking forward, with these trade agreements. We all These important measures will help I also take this opportunity to call on know how they undermine commu- the $1.3 trillion U.S. digital economy to Canada to quickly ratify the agree- nities and hurt workers, always, again, flourish and grow faster. It improves ment. Now that Mexico has ratified because these trade agreements were efforts to stop importers of counterfeit and the United States will soon be done written by corporations in secret. goods from ripping off consumers, pro- with our ratification, all eyes will be We have watched the spread of the ducers, and content creators. It pro- on Canada to get the job done quickly corporate business model because of vides for copyright and patent protec- so that we can all work together to im- NAFTA and these trade agreements tions to uphold trade secrets and to se- plement this agreement. I don’t have and because of the Trump tax policies, cure data rights so that American inge- any doubt that Canada is going to do where you pay a lower tax rate if you

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You get a tax case when a country violates its labor wages to rise. I know a lot of CEOs who break, you move overseas, and then commitments. make $7 million, $8 million year who you sell your products back in the Most importantly, we secured our want to keep wages low in other coun- United States. That has been the busi- Brown-Wyden provision that amounts tries. They accuse us of forcing Mexi- ness model based on our trade policy to the strongest ever labor enforce- can wages to rise. That is kind of the for years. ment—ever—in a U.S. trade deal. The point. That is what we want to do be- Candidate Trump promised some- provision Senator WYDEN and I wrote cause it takes away incentives for thing different. He promised to renego- and fought for is the first improvement those CEOs—those $7 million, $8 mil- tiate NAFTA. The problem is, when he to enforcing the labor standards in our lion, $9 million-a-year CEOs in Amer- put his agreement in front of us, it was trade agreements since we have been ica—from looking abroad to hire cheap the same old, same old. They were the negotiating them. labor and to exploit workers and make same old economic policies that, again, We know why companies close fac- more money for themselves. put corporate interests in the center of tories in Ohio, in Oregon, and open I want to especially thank Senator this trade agreement. It was a trade them in Mexico. They pay lower wages, WYDEN and his staff. Without his en- policy that was like all of our trade and they take advantage of workers dorsing the proposal and without his policies in the past. who don’t have rights. They have pushing aggressively, we would not be Over and over again, this President weaker and nonexistent environmental here. has betrayed workers, from tax give- laws. I want to be clear, though. We will be aways to corporations, to his judges American workers can’t compete straight with American workers. It is who put their thumbs on the scale, al- when companies move overseas and ex- not a perfect agreement. One trade deal ways supporting corporate interests ploit low-wage workers. We essentially that the Democrats fixed, over the and putting corporations over workers get a race to the bottom on wages. The President’s opposition, is not going to and always supporting Wall Street over only way to stop this is by raising bring back auto plants like the Presi- consumers. labor standards in every country we dent promises. As we know, down the hall, where buy and sell to and in every country I have real concerns that the auto Senator MCCONNELL’s office is—almost with which we trade and export and rules of origin are much weaker than every day he walks down here to try to import, raising labor standards, mak- the administration says they are. We confirm far-right extremist judges, al- ing sure those standards are actually know the administration always exag- ways young judges who do that same enforced. gerates its successes and doesn’t tell thing: put their thumb on the scales of If corporations are forced to pay the truth about many of the things it justice, always supporting corporations workers a living wage and treat them does. over workers. with dignity and really honor the dig- We know that this trade agreement As I said, last year, we got an initial nity of work no matter where those was a corporate trade agreement and draft of President Trump’s agreement. workers are located, then we take not a worker trade agreement. Now It was another betrayal. His first away the incentives to move jobs over- workers are at the center. We will be NAFTA draft was nowhere near the seas. watching the President. He needs to good deal that the President promised. Think about this. The missions of ensure companies actually comply with He had negotiated, pure and simple, an- companies in the United States state— these rules. I will demand we strength- other corporate trade deal. It meant it is sort of the business practice of en them if we need to. nothing for workers, and it was a sell- shutting down production in Niles, OH, One trade deal the Democrats fixed out to drug companies. In fact, the and moving it overseas. They will be also will not undo the rest of President White House looks like a retreat for less likely to do that if the workers Trump’s economic policies. It is a pol- Wall Street executives, except on Tues- overseas are paid decent wages. Then icy that, as I said, put corporations days and Fridays, when the White those workers will be able to buy our over workers. We haven’t raised the House looks like a retreat for drug products because they are more likely minimum wage because the President company executives. to be in the middle class. is opposed. The President took over- It took us—Senator WYDEN and That is what Brown-Wyden is all time pay away from 50,000 Ohioans by Speaker PELOSI and unions—months about. It is a completely new way of changing the rule on how overtime is and months and months working to- holding corporations accountable. A paid. This deal is not going to fix all gether to improve this deal. The Presi- worker in Mexico will be able to report that. dent resisted and resisted and resisted, if a company violated their rights. This USMCA is not going to stop out- but we finally approved a deal to put Within months, we can determine sourcing when we have President workers at the center of our trade pol- whether workers’ rights have been vio- Trump’s tax plan that gives companies icy. lated, and we take action against that a tax break to send jobs overseas. We have a provision that Senator company. I am going to keep fighting President WYDEN and I will talk about that says We apply punitive damages when Trump’s corporate trade policies and violence against workers is a violation companies cheat, break the law, stop tax policy, just as we did with this of the agreement. It might sound obvi- workers from organizing, and if they agreement. We have more work to do ous, but it has never been in a trade keep doing it, the final strong enforce- to make our trade agreements more deal before. For the first time ever, we ment is we stop their goods from com- pro-worker. spell out workers’ right to strike. ing into the United States. In essence, I will vote yes. As I said at the out- Again, it should be obvious, but it was we say: OK. You are cheating. You are set, I will vote yes for the first time never included before. breaking the law. You are violating ever on a trade agreement because, by If the workers don’t have that right your workers’ rights. You are not going including Brown-Wyden, Democrats to strike—not something workers want to have access to the U.S. market. have taken another corporate trade to do very often, if ever. My wife, That is enforcement. deal brought to us by President Trump whose dad was a utility worker in the When Mexican workers have the and Democrats have made this agree- union for 35 years, talks about growing power to form real unions and nego- ment much more pro-worker. As the up. They went on strike twice when she tiate for higher wages, it helps our Senator from Oregon knows, we have was a kid. Workers never really recover workers. Mexican workers right now set an important precedent that from a strike, but sometimes they have can be paid as little as $6.50 a day. The Brown-Wyden will be included—must

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.047 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S228 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 be included—in every future trade ing: Justice delayed is justice denied. changes. Now we have just walked agreement. You can’t really get enforcement if the through how much stronger this is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- people who have done the violation, than anything we have seen in the last ator from Oregon. who have committed the violation, quarter-century. Mr. WYDEN. Madam President, I ask take forever. The gentleman mentioned how work- unanimous consent to pose some ques- So speed is one of the things. Mr. ers can use this hotline to enforce their tions to my colleague from Ohio. WYDEN mentioned at the outset how rights. If a worker reports violations of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without important that is. Another part of it is their rights at a call center and the objection, it is so ordered. and one of the things we knew would government believes the complaint has Mr. WYDEN. He has done so much speed it up, No. 1, and would mean that merit, my understanding is that the work on these issues—not just in the enforcement would work was that the government is obligated under the law last few months but for years and workers would have an ability to kick to send labor inspectors to that facil- years. I want to thank him for his ex- off the investigation, to literally call a ity. Is that correct? traordinary commitment to the rights toll-free number. They can register Mr. BROWN. Yes. Whether it is a call of workers and to all these commu- that they have seen child labor viola- center or an auto factory, if the viola- nities that, he has pointed out, essen- tions; that they have seen workers at- tions occur and there is evidence that tially lose their economic heartbeat by tacked, violence aimed against work- there are violations—and in many trade policies that cheat workers. ers; that they have seen wages denied cases, we know about them because I want to ask the gentleman about for all kinds of illegal reasons. So workers have spoken out—then inspec- this. I have heard this, and I have workers can speak out and band to- tors can go into those factories. heard this in lots of places. People have gether and go to a panel and get quick One of the outcomes of this: We know said: These ideas seem good, but are action. corporations don’t want that kind of they really that consequential? If a company keeps doing it—we punishment. We know corporations Mr. BROWN has been at this for more found cases where a company would get don’t want to see inspectors there than a quarter of a century. We have a little slap on the wrist. They would looking at their businesses because watched him out on the floor year after do it again and get a slap on the wrist there have been legitimate, reasonable year after year. Let me give my cal- and then do it again. So what we did accusations of lawbreaking. So that is culation of what this package which we was we increased the penalties. The going to mean that corporations will have worked on and which he deserves first time, they get fined. The fine is probably quit breaking the law. so much credit for consists of. proportional to the violation, so it is Those corporations that have decided As far as I can tell—and we have not a huge penalty. The second time, it to move to Mexico because it is easy to worked on it with the staff—this is the is more. The third time, we can deny evade labor laws and they can pay low fastest enforcement process by more that company NAFTA benefits if they wages, when they see we mean busi- than 300 percent because of what the sell in the United States. ness, when they see the USMCA—Sen- Senator has done to speed up the Essentially, if you break the law, if ator WYDEN and I took an agreement timeline for protecting workers. It is you attack workers, if you keep out that was another corporate trade the toughest because for the first time the union illegally, if you deny pay to agreement handed down by President it allows our country to hit the worst workers who have earned it, you are Trump and fixed it, so it has these actor the hardest by stopping rip-off going to see your market dry up in the strong labor provisions. When they see artists at the individual factory level. United States. That is the best incen- that we mean business, that we are It is the strongest because it allows us tive to stop. We literally keep the prod- going to enforce these labor laws, and to hit companies that repeatedly vio- uct out of the market, out of the that we are going to pass an agreement late the law. We are able to stop the United States, if you are a serial cheat- that works for workers, some compa- products of exploitive labor at the bor- er and a company that does that to its nies are going to think twice about der. workers. shutting down production in Youngs- I want to ask the Senator a couple of Mr. WYDEN. I appreciate Mr. town, Marietta, Toledo, or Dayton and questions, but I wanted to give this BROWN’s taking us through this. It is moving overseas. That is part of the overview first. Having been at this for faster. It is tougher because it gets at goal of this enforcement too. more than a quarter of a century, is the individual factory level. It is Mr. WYDEN. If you would, Senator there any trade enforcement regime stronger because it stops those repeat BROWN, take us through what kinds of that, in terms of those specifics, comes offenders who come up with products actions can be taken against a facility. close to what that new regime would using exploitive labor. In other words, my understanding is, if consist of? I want people to know and have it the labor inspectors find violations Mr. BROWN. I thank Senator WYDEN. highlighted in the RECORD that my when they inspect it, they have a host I thank him for his help in putting this take is that this, given what we have of remedies. The gentleman touched on all together. seen over the last 25 years, is far better this in the committee, but what kinds Not even close. We have seen trade than anything we have seen before. of actions can be taken against that agreement after trade agreement that Look, the Senator and I have worked particular facility? simply is not—even when labor stand- on a lot of enforcement efforts over the Mr. BROWN. First let me talk for a ards look fairly strong, they are not years. He will recall that at one point second about a sector that is very im- ever really enforceable. Part of what I chaired the Trade Subcommittee, and portant in my part of the country: the we recognized—we went back and we found people tripping over them- auto sector. If a company cheats in an looked at what happened after NAFTA selves to cheat because they were mer- auto facility in a Mexican community was passed, and not just what people chandise laundering. It was a little bit and we find labor violations and we promised but what happened with different from this. We set up a dummy take action against that company, the NAFTA and what happened with website just to try to keep tabs on all action is not against just that com- CAFTA. We have seen that, with any the people who were cheating. We pany’s facility in that community. If a attempts at labor enforcement, the would remember—and we didn’t know company cheats its workers and has companies or the governments that whether to laugh or cry—that all over broken the law on any number of labor don’t want to enforce labor laws find a the world, people were coming forward violations, that applies to any product way, as lawyers are very good at doing, to cheat. That was useful. It didn’t that company ultimately sends in from of just taking forever. They slow-walk. come close to the breadth of what has any one of its factories in Mexico. It So whenever you push them to do been done here. addresses sort of the Whac-A-Mole kind something, they end up staying in Let me just ask a couple more spe- of attempts companies might have: court. cific questions because I have heard Well, they cheat there, but they bring There was a Central American case lots of people in all the campaigns and in products from somewhere else. in Guatemala, I believe, that went on the like talking about whether this We look at that in a pretty broad for 7 or 8 years. You know the old say- was modest or really a bold set of way. Fundamentally, it works this

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.049 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S229 way: If we find a violation, first, there nontrade jobs. If anybody says ‘‘Well, member of the Finance Committee, is a fine, and the fine is essentially pro- Ron, do you think anything is really leaves the floor and before the Senator, portionate to the violation, meaning going to be accomplished with what my colleague from Ohio, leaves the that it is not as punitive. The first of- you and Senator BROWN are talking floor, I want to thank them both. We fense is not especially punitive. The about?’’ I am going to say that I went would not be here on this day without second and the third offense get more through the entire enforcement process them and without their leadership— serious. For the second offense, the fine in terms of the key provisions, and we both of them. is much greater—beyond proportion- laid out for the country and the Senate When SHERROD BROWN says that he ality, if you will. The third offense is that you have led an effort to speed up has never met a trade agreement he when we step in and deny them NAFTA by more than 300 percent the timeline wanted to even think about sup- benefits, deny them access to our mar- for an enforcement action. I mean, it porting—thank you for making this kets, and deny them the breaks they used to take years and years some- one that virtually all of us can support. get under NAFTA at the border on the times. You have shortened that by lit- My highest regards. tariffs. So if it is a violation of labor erally more than 300 percent. You have UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA TRADE law, by the third violation, the enforce- been part of an effort that is tougher AGREEMENT ment and the penalties are such that because you can go after the individual Madam President, I have a speech the companies are going to quit doing factories. here that starts off with ‘‘Mr. Presi- it. Then, finally, I think this enforce- dent’’ over and over again, but I am I mean, that is the whole point. I ment proposal gets to the heart of going to say ‘‘Madam President.’’ I rise don’t want to levy these fines. I want what we need to be doing because it today to discuss the new treaty to re- companies to obey the labor law that means if you rip off workers, we are place the North American Free Trade the Mexican Government has passed in going to stop products those workers Agreement, affectionately known as their new labor law and that are under have produced at the border. NAFTA. the NAFTA agreement. My guess is, there will be a lot more Last week, those of us who serve on Mr. WYDEN. So would Senator discussion. I see we have another valu- the Finance Committee had an oppor- BROWN be saying that if it is found that able colleague from the Finance Com- tunity to evaluate the new NAFTA. In there were labor violations at a car fac- mittee who has been heavily involved fact, about a half dozen or so commit- tory, the penalties could apply to any in these issues for a lot of years. But I tees have been given different jurisdic- car that might come into the United want to say again that this didn’t hap- tions to do that, with respect to this States from that factory throughout pen by osmosis, because when we got trade agreement. the investigation, not just going for- that flawed bill, I think everybody As you know, trade deals are often ward? said: Well, they will probably have dense agreements that have hundreds Mr. BROWN. Correct, from that fac- some discussions about it, and that of provisions relating to any number of tory and also from other factories will be pretty much it. issues. Ultimately, trade agreements owned by the same automaker, so that Mr. BROWN. I saw this when Senator and trade legislation move through the you can’t cheat one place and expect to WYDEN and I announced the success of Senate Finance Committee. We just get all your autos into the United getting Brown-Wyden into the bill. I heard from two of our senior members. States without tariffs. heard from a lot of—shall we say—pro- As another senior member of that We thought a lot about this. Over the Trump, pro-corporate lawmakers in committee for many years now, I have last 20 years, we looked at what has this body, mostly on that side of the considered many trade bills and looked happened. We looked back over the last aisle but all over. They were pretty at what impact those bills would have couple of decades, working with the angry because they thought this was on American consumers, producers, very good Democratic staff of the Fi- going to be another trade agreement— manufacturers, farmers, and busi- nance Committee and with our office, USMCA was going to be another trade nesses—citizens. After all, our econ- and found every possible example we agreement written by corporations, omy depends on making sure that could on how violations occur and how mostly written in secret, that will other countries can sell to us and that you stop those violations. So we built serve corporate interests, that will pad we can sell to other countries, espe- in a process. It is pretty complicated, the bottom line, that will help million- cially close allies like Canada to our and it took a while. dollar-a-year executives make multi- north and Mexico to our south. As I said, the President handed down million dollars a year, that will help Following years of uncertainty, another corporate trade agreement their major stockholders and will ig- thanks to the President’s haphazard that helps corporations at the expense nore workers. trade wars, I believe this agreement of workers, and we weren’t going to let They were fine with that because will provide a measure of certainty for that happen this time. That is why the that is too often what this body does. those who help drive our economy. Pro- Trump USMCA took a long time to They found that—oh, my gosh—this visions included in the new NAFTA pass—because for a whole year, they trade agreement actually puts workers will help in our State, on the Delmarva were resistant to good labor enforce- at the center. That was, I know, your Peninsula, our poultry producers gain ment. They wanted to help their cor- goal and my goal. That is why people better access to Canadian markets. It porate buddies. at your town meetings in Eugene and is not just important to Delaware; it is Senator WYDEN will remember that Portland and Bend and all over Oregon important to Delaware, Maryland, Vir- there was a provision in there to help are going to hear from you about how ginia, and other places where they the drug companies, a big giveaway to this will help the middle class, fun- raise chickens. the drug companies. We said no to damentally. Further, the new trade deal increases that. Speaker PELOSI said no to that. I appreciate the time. market access for dairy farmers in We stripped that out of the agreement. Mr. WYDEN. Madam President, I Delaware, and those across the coun- We wanted this agreement to center on think this has been central to what we try, to sell their milk products—prod- workers—not to help the drug compa- will be debating and we will be voting ucts like powdered milk—to Canada. nies, not to help Wall Street, not to on tomorrow morning. The International Trade Commission help and encourage those companies I want to thank Senator BROWN. This estimates that this will allow for an that outsource jobs. bill would not have happened without additional $315 million in exports annu- Mr. WYDEN. I have appreciated this tough trade enforcement led by Sen- ally. That is a $315 million increase in colloquy with Senator BROWN. ator BROWN. This bill would not have exports just under the milk side, the I have a couple of town meetings at happened, period, full stop. dairy side, in sales to Canada every home this weekend, working-class With that, I yield the floor. year. neighborhoods, where trade has been The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- When we evaluate the new NAFTA as really important. One out of four jobs ator from Delaware. what it is—a trade deal—I believe that in my State revolves around trade, and Mr. CARPER. Madam President, be- it makes significant improvements on those jobs often pay better than do the fore the senior Democrat, the ranking past trade agreements, including the

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I will come back and does add important tools and resources Trans-Pacific Partnership, as you will talk more about that in a short while. that were primarily negotiated by recall, negotiated in the last adminis- Thanks primarily to Democrats, Democrats to strengthen the deal, hold tration, was a 12-nation trading bloc, though, it is no longer the case that the administration accountable to en- negotiated primarily by the U.S. Trade the failure of one NAFTA country to force NAFTA countries’ obligations, Representative, Michael Froman, and ratify an environmental agreement can and help ensure that those who break his staff. That included 40 percent of be used to prevent the others from the rules are actually held account- the world’s economy in one trading being held accountable for failing to able. bloc, 12 nations. Guess who led it: We honor their obligations. New NAFTA As the senior top Democrat on the did. Guess who was excluded: China, for also includes new provisions that have Environment and Public Works Com- the bad behavior they sometimes fol- never been included in trade agree- mittee in the Senate, I am especially low. On the outside, they were looking ments before. aware of the extreme and destructive in. And somehow we walked away from Environmental violations will now be environmental policies put forth by the that. What we have come up with in its treated as trade violations, so when the current administration. place is something that is, in my view, United States does bring cases under Week after week, I have helped to not nearly as bold and, unfortunately, the new NAFTA’s environmental obli- lead the fight against some reckless not the path we have taken. gations, those cases will be easier to rollbacks, too many unbelievably un- I am still reviewing the text of the win going forward. qualified candidates, and their relent- ‘‘phase one’’—I will put that in This agreement also includes signifi- less attempts to chip away at our Na- quotes—China trade deal that was cant new wins for coastal States, in- tion’s bedrock environmental protec- signed, I think, today. But from what I cluding binding provisions around over- tions. We know what to expect from have seen, the agreement falls far short fishing, around conservation of marine this administration when it comes to of the structural reforms to China’s species, and marine debris. When we environmental policies. planned economy that President talk about marine debris, just keep As a result, I know that the environ- Trump has ‘‘trumpeted’’ for some time. this in mind: There is, floating out in mental provisions in new NAFTA— As best as I can tell, the structural re- the oceans of the world, something thanks to the hard work from Demo- forms in China’s economy did not make called the Great Pacific Garbage crats in both the House and the Senate, the final cut. Patch. It is largely plastics. It is twice and some Republicans too—are far As we enter this new year and a new the size of Texas—not twice the size of stronger than where we started. It is decade, I sincerely hope our President Delaware, not twice the size of Mary- certainly not perfect, and we can, and will rethink what many believe are land; it is twice the size of Texas. we must, do more going forward. But it senseless approaches to trade and re- In addition to the $88 million for en- is better than we have ever done be- turn to a multilateral approach—much vironmental monitoring, cooperation fore, and that must be recognized. as we had on the Trans-Pacific Part- and enforcement, the new NAFTA cre- I want to pause for a moment to nership—where the United States ates an enforcement mechanism that thank Ambassador Robert Lighthizer works with our allies and trading part- gives environmental stakeholders an and his staff—the Trade Ambassador, ners to constructively write the global expanded role in enforcement matters. Trade Rep’s office—for their hard work rules of trade. This will go a long way toward ensur- and their willingness to engage with With that, I see one of my colleagues, ing that environmental violations can my colleagues and with me. It has been also from Ohio, rising to address a wel- be investigated and remedied in a sub- an extraordinary outreach, great re- coming audience. stantive and timely manner. sponsiveness. I just want to say thank I yield the floor. My colleagues have heard me say be- you to the Ambassador and to his The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- fore that I have a friend who, when you team. It reminds me of what we had ator from Ohio. ask him how he is doing, he replies: with Michael Froman when he was the Mr. PORTMAN. Madam President, I Compared to what? Trade Rep in the last administration. appreciate my colleague from Delaware Well, compared to all the previous Let me end it with this, if I could: and his comments on trade. trade agreements that this body has While it is good news that we were able I ask unanimous consent that my considered, new NAFTA and its imple- to reach an agreement on the new colleague from Ohio, SHERROD BROWN, menting legislation have the strongest NAFTA, I want to caution my col- be permitted to address the Chamber environmental enforcement provisions leagues that the uncertainty caused by for a brief tribute following my re- we have seen to date, period. That is President Trump’s haphazard approach marks. good news, especially for a trade deal to trade is far from over. President The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without put forth under this administration. Trump’s multifront trade war with our objection, it is so ordered. Does the new NAFTA include every- allies and our trading partners is ap- Mr. PORTMAN. I am on the floor thing that my Democratic colleagues proaching 2 years now. That is 2 years today to talk about international and I—and some Republican col- of American farmers, American manu- trade. What a week it has been. In the leagues—would have liked to see with facturers, retailers, and small busi- same few days, we are seeing the cul- regard to environmental protection? nesses experiencing increased costs mination of nearly 3 years of effort by No, it does not. from President Trump’s tariffs while this administration to deliver wins for This new NAFTA fails to recommit simultaneously being locked out of American workers, for businesses, for the United States, for example, to the overseas markets due to retaliatory farmers, and for consumers with regard Paris accord. It fails to ratify the tariffs. to our three biggest trading partners, Kigali amendment that I mentioned That is 2 years of uncertainty and China, Canada, and Mexico. earlier to the Montreal protocol, which disruption for American business that This is a big week. While the media is could bring the global community to- have had to put investments and hiring focused on impeachment—and I can say gether to reduce the use of something decisions on hold and 2 years of uncer- that because as I walked in that is all called HFCs, hydrofluorocarbons, found tainty for the American workers who the reporters wanted to talk about— in products like air conditioners and are not sure if their jobs will continue here we are on the floor talking about freezers, and prevent, by the use of to exist as trade wars drag on. something that directly affects the those follow-on products to HFCs, up Where has that gotten us? A limited constituents we represent. I think it is to a half-degree Celsius increase in trade agreement with Japan, which very positive in all three areas—China, global warming by the end of this cen- may be better than nothing, but it is Canada, and Mexico. In a way, it is like

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We are saying to finalized, and it will be voted on tomor- the world is seeing is that we can fulfill these countries that if you want freer row. our stated interest in renegotiating trade with us, enter into a trade agree- Second today is the signing of phase and improving trade agreements and ment, lower your barriers, and give us one of the China agreement, something trade relationships. access to your markets as we are giv- many of us have been focused on over Concluding these two agreements ing Mexico and Canada access to our the past few years and wondered proves that the United States can get markets. That is what a trade agree- whether we would get here, and here to ‘‘yes’’ on these very big issues. We ment is all about. If you don’t want to we are. are able to work through our partisan do that, you shouldn’t be able to free As a former trade lawyer and as a differences here at home. We just saw ride on our USMCA. I think this makes former U.S. Trade Representative this on the floor this afternoon where sense. Why should Japan or China or under George W. Bush and as someone Democrats and Republicans alike are Germany be a free rider on our agree- on the Trade Committee, which is the talking about their support for ment with Canada and Mexico? Finance Committee here, I follow these USMCA. In tough negotiations with This will incentivize good jobs in issues closely. Most significantly, I our trading partners—we had some America, but it also incentivizes these come from Ohio, which is a State that tough negotiations with Canada, Mex- other countries to enter into trade depends on trade and depends on that ico, and China—we can reach outcomes agreements with us. They can see that trade being fair to our workers, our that benefit our country and help to if you do an agreement with the United farmers, our service providers, and our create that more effective balance for States, it is balanced and fair. You will small businesses. We have a lot of man- American workers. have some benefit as well. The Inter- ufacturing and a lot of agriculture. In There is, perhaps, no better example national Trade Commission expects fact, 25 percent of our State’s factory of this balance than USMCA. Without that USMC will grow our economy by workers have export jobs. One out of it, by the way, we go back to the status double the gross domestic product of every three acres planted in Ohio is quo, which would be NAFTA. That is a that projected to be increased under planted for export. Think about that. 25-year-old agreement that had to be what is called the Trans-Pacific Part- When you drive through our beautiful updated. It just doesn’t reflect the re- nership. I tell you that because TPP, State and you see the corn and the soy- alities of a modern economy. Thanks Trans-Pacific Partnership, is one that beans out there in the field, one out of to important measures designed to Members on the other side of the aisle every three acres is being planted to be strengthen our economy, create jobs, have talked about as being such a great exported somewhere else. That is great and increase market access for Amer- agreement. This grows the economy by for our farmers. It gives them markets, ican exports, this new USMCA will help more than double based on the ITPF and it raises prices for their product at level that playing field we talked estimate. Again, this is a big deal. a time when they really need it. By the about. USMCA also means important new way, these trade jobs are good jobs too. First of all, USMCA means American rules of the road for online sales. So Jobs dependent on trade pay, on aver- jobs and economic growth. The inde- much of our commerce today takes age, about 16 percent more than other pendent International Trade Commis- place over the internet, but there is jobs, and they have better benefits. We sion has studied it. They have said this nothing to protect it or promote it in like to be able to send more to the rest new agreement will create at least NAFTA. Because it was done 25 years of the world. 176,000 new jobs and will grow our econ- ago when there was hardly any inter- We have about 5 percent of the omy. It also says that with regard to net business, it doesn’t have any pro- world’s population in this country. We the auto industry, it will create tens of tection. have to be sure that with 25 percent of thousands of jobs. That is, again, very This USMCA was written to fix that. the world’s economy here and 5 percent important to Ohio. We are a big State It does. It prohibits data localization of the people, that we are selling stuff for auto production. These jobs are requirements by banning tariffs on overseas to the other 95 percent. It is going to mean a lot to workers in my data online and by raising the de mini- always in our interest to open up over- State. mis level on customs duties for sales to seas markets for our workers, our Part of the way it is going to create Mexico and Canada. This means they farmers, our services, and our service jobs is by leveling the playing field can’t require the servers to be in Can- providers. While promoting those ex- with enforceable labor standards. We ada or Mexico, as an example, for our ports, we need to ensure that we are just heard about this from the Senator digital economy here in the United protecting American jobs from unfair from Oregon and the Senator from States, which is one of our great ad- trade and from imports that would un- Ohio, about how this agreement has vantages. For a lot of small companies fairly undercut our workers and our new enforceable standards with regard in Ohio and around the country and for farmers. to labor. startups that do business online and Simply put, we want a level playing It also, though, has higher content rely on smaller shipments, this is very field. With that level playing field, requirements for U.S.-made steel and important. The relief from the customs where you get fair and reciprocal treat- auto parts. This is important. I will burdens and also the data localization ment from other countries, we will do give you an example. USMCA requires requirements and the inability for just fine. that 70 percent of the steel and 75 per- other countries to put tariffs on data is American workers and businesses can cent of overall content in USMCA-com- really important. This is great for us compete, and they can win if it is fair. pliant vehicles come from USMCA as a country. That is all we are asking for. To me, countries. In other words, other coun- The third thing I want to mention is the sweet spot is balanced trade, where tries can’t come in and take advantage that American farmers are going to see we are able to send our exports over- of the lower tariffs that we are pro- unprecedented levels of access to new seas without high tariffs and other bar- viding under USMCA by adding too markets in Canada and Mexico under riers, and we are able to see imports much to the content of those vehicles. USMCA. Between bad weather, low coming in fairly traded into the United The 75-percent overall content require- prices even going into the bad weather, States. If we do that, we will be fine. ment is up from 62.5 percent in NAFTA. and the tariffs that were in place to get The good thing about this week is That makes that 75 percent the highest to this agreement with China, in par- that both of these agreements—the percentage of any trade agreement we ticular, farmers have been hit pretty new USMCA, which replaces NAFTA, have. It means more jobs in the United hard. So this is the light at the end of and this phase one of the China agree- States, in particular, and fewer im- the tunnel. This gives them a chance, ment—are exactly focused on how to ports from countries like China, coun- under USMCA, to get some new mar- have balanced trade. At times, re- tries like Germany, countries like kets. That is why nearly 1,000 farm

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.054 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S232 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 groups around the country have an- phase one agreement and the basis for can better monitor future manipula- nounced publicly that they strongly the administration putting those high- tion. support this agreement. er tariffs in place on Chinese products The phase 1 agreement is a first good A lot of politicians and pundits have over the past couple of years. The re- step toward creating a more balanced their views on who won the negotia- port notes that in 2016, the multilat- and equitable relationship between our tions over USMCA that we will vote on eral Organization for Economic Co- two countries, but our trade relation- here tomorrow on the floor. You can go operation and Development, OECD, ship will remain durable only if we en- back and forth on that, but in my view, ranked China the fourth most restric- force these agreements. That is why it thanks to the hard work of U.S. Trade tive investment climate in the world, is also very significant that this agree- Representative Robert Lighthizer and despite them being the second largest ment includes the option to reimpose thanks to President Trump pushing on economy in the world. Based on this tariffs should China fail to live up to this, the winner here is the American OECD report, China’s investment cli- the commitments it has made. people. That is who I think benefits the mate is nearly four times more restric- Enforcement is critical. Just as the most. They are going to benefit from a tive than that of the United States. rest of the world is watching our suc- new, more modernized trade agreement That is why we needed to take some cess at getting to ‘‘yes’’ on these trade that will replace an agreement that action and have a negotiation with agreements, it is also watching how ag- has shown its age with unenforceable China to come up with something that gressively we are going to enforce labor and environmental standards, was mutually beneficial. these commitments. That is why it is nonexistent digital economy provi- I have supported these 301 actions by imperative that the United States uti- sions, and outdated rules of origin pro- President Trump to create this more lize this enforcement process asser- visions that allow more automobiles level playing field for American work- tively and swiftly should we find evi- and more auto parts to be manufac- ers, farmers, and business owners. The dence that China has violated its com- tured overseas rather than being manu- only significant leverage we had to be mitments. Congress is watching. factured here in the United States. able to do that, by the way, was by With such a big day for trade, espe- I think the American people benefit. controlling access to our own market cially only a couple of weeks into the We all benefit. I am glad we are going by raising tariffs. Higher tariffs had new year, it would be easy to ask if to finally have a chance to vote on this collateral consequences, and we have anything else is left for the rest of the landmark trade agreement. I urge that seen that for our consumers and other year. My answer is, yes, there is a lot. tomorrow we pass it on a bipartisan countries. They have been a necessary We should celebrate our accomplish- basis, and I think we will. Getting this evil to hold China’s feet to the fire and ments tonight, but tomorrow continues to the finish line is a significant force them to the negotiating table and to bring a host of challenges and oppor- achievement but to also do it signing to get the result we have seen today. tunities to advance a bold trade agen- onto the phase one agreement with These tough measures are now pay- da. China today is really incredible. ing off. Think about it in terms of what Most importantly, the next step is to Again, it has been a strong week. I I said before—equity, durability, and negotiate the phase 2 agreement with want to congratulate Bob Lighthizer, balance. In the interests of a more bal- China that will address the additional the Trade Rep, President Trump, and anced relationship, phase one directly structural issues I mentioned earlier— others who worked to bring this win to addresses that $380 billion trade deficit the subsidies, the state-owned enter- the finish line. we talked about. China has agreed to prises, and the lack of transparency— When I was U.S. Trade Rep for increase its purchases of American that make doing business in China an George W. Bush, we conducted the products by at least $200 billion over uphill battle. Resolving these issues first-ever economic relationship review the next 2 years, with additional in- will be critical to ensuring that our with China. We issued a report, and it creases likely in the future. That is two economies are playing by the same concluded that our trade relationship going to help reduce our trade deficit set of rules, not different sets of rules. with China lacked equity, durability, and provide some relief, particularly in Between the USMCA and this phase 1 and balance. Well, 13 years later, China the agricultural, manufacturing, and agreement, 2020 has already been a sig- still doesn’t play by the rules. So much energy sectors. nificant year for trade, but there is of that continues. One reason the trade The agreement includes provisions to even more progress we are set to make. deficit with China is going to be the make our relationship more equitable. I look forward to phase 2 negotiations largest in the world is because of that. That includes new commitments on in- with Japan this spring, especially re- In 2018, we sent China about $180 billion tellectual property protection, new ob- garding new market access for ‘‘Made in exports, and they sent us about $560 ligations on tech transfer, and a dis- in America’’ automobiles. I look for- billion in exports. That means we had a cipline on currency manipulation, ward to potential FTA talks with Swit- resulting trade deficit of about $380 bil- similar to that which is in the U.S.- zerland and with the United Kingdom lion—the biggest trade deficit in the Mexico-Canada Agreement. Specifi- post-Brexit—new trade agreements to history of the world. That is a problem, cally, Beijing committed to eliminate open up more market access. We also but it is more than just the trade def- pressure on U.S. companies to transfer want to ensure that the extension of icit. That isn’t the only way to meas- their intellectual property to Chinese the WTO moratorium of tariffs on data ure trade. firms as a condition of doing business continues, and I hope we will see re- Beijing routinely uses subsidies, in China. This is a big deal, and it is a newed efforts at WTO reform. We need state-owned enterprises, and a lack of critical step in addressing the IP theft to address America’s longstanding fun- transparency by government control China has used to fuel its economic damental concerns about the appellate on their own economy in order to sur- rise. Chinese companies aren’t forced body, special and differential status, pass the United States as the world’s to hand over their patents as a condi- and the decline of the WTO’s negoti- economic and innovation leader. Chi- tion of doing business here in America ating function. We have lots to do. na’s current policies undercut critical and American companies shouldn’t be I hope Congress will consider new commitments China made, both to the forced to do the same in China. legislation to toughen our anti-dump- WTO, the World Trade Organization, We will also be able to keep a closer ing and countervailing duty laws this and to us and other countries—agree- eye on China’s currency manipulation. year to crack down on trade cheats, ments that they would open up their When the Treasury Department found and I hope we will pass the Trade Secu- market, protect intellectual property evidence of manipulation to boost Chi- rity Act to return section 232 to its rights, adhere to international recog- nese exports, they labeled Chinese a original purpose of protecting genuine nized labor rights, and meet its WTO currency manipulator for the first time national security threats. commitments on unfair trade practices since 1994. That designation was just Clearly, there is a lot of work we can such as subsidies, which they provide. lifted because of phase 1. This new do in 2020, and I look forward to it. Yet I encourage you to read the U.S. agreement contains new transparency we should pause today and congratu- Trade Representative’s section 301 re- and accountability commitments to late the Trump administration on port on China. That is its basis for this ensure that American trade enforcers these two successes we have talked

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.055 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S233 about. I have long advocated for bal- wasn’t interested in partisan warfare. Free Trade Agreement, our products anced trade that prioritizes market At a time when too many people re- into that country were roughly about opening and tough enforcement, and I treat to their partisan corners, that $2 billion; today, they are more than $9 believe that both the USMCA and the was not Chris Allen. That spirit of co- billion. So continuing to modernize the China agreement embody this philos- operation and of mutual respect will be North American Free Trade Agreement ophy of balanced trade. Most impor- missed more than ever. He was dedi- is an important step for Washington tantly, I believe our country is better cated to his work. He was dedicated to and for our economy. The important off because of it. the people whom our work affects. aspects of this deal help us open and I yield the floor. He would meet for hours and do get a fair playing field for wheat, for The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The whatever it took to work toward a so- making sure that digital trade con- Senator from Ohio. lution. The only thing he stopped for tinues in a fair way, and that dairy REMEMBERING CHRIS ALLEN was his family. Chris was a devoted fa- products are accessed into Canada in a Mr. BROWN. Mr. President, I rise to ther to his two daughters, Lucie and fair way and that our wine industry— honor a dedicated public servant whom Sophie. Connie’s and my hearts go out believe it or not, Canadians drink a lot we tragically lost last week, Chris to them and to Lynda, Chris’ wife. I of wine, particularly in British Colum- Allen. know nothing we can say could erase bia, and they have not always given us Chris served in the Senate for nearly the pain of the sudden death of a father fair access to that market. So it is very a decade, most recently on Senator and a husband so young. I hope they important that it will increase access GRASSLEY’s staff. I appreciate that take some comfort in knowing how to Washington wines into Canada, Senator GRASSLEY happens to be pre- many lives, starting with Senator which is the largest market for Wash- siding right now as the President pro GRASSLEY’s, Chris touched. We miss ington wines, buying about $10 million tem of the Senate. Chris was a leader him. We will continue to fight for a bi- in exports a year. But as I mentioned, in our efforts to solve the pension cri- partisan solution that honors Chris’ USMCA will maintain a duty-free ac- sis that threatens the retirement secu- memory and protects the pensions that cess for our dairy products to Mexico; rity of more than a million Americans, American workers have earned over a it will certainly make sure that our including a number of people in the lifetime of work. wheat products are on a level playing Galleries today. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The field and continue the access to digital My staff and I got to know him well Senator from Washington State. trade. while working together to find a bipar- Ms. CANTWELL. Mr. President, I I want to thank my colleagues Sen- tisan solution. He was part of what we thank my colleague for mentioning and ator BROWN and Senator WYDEN and consider to be a sort of pensions family honoring Chris Allen, and our sym- Speaker PELOSI and all those in the in the Senate. We didn’t always agree, pathies to the Grassley family. Thank labor movement who worked hard with but Chris always understood the you so much for talking about the hard getting an enforcement and capacity- stakes. He took this crisis seriously. work that so many of our staff do building provision in this legislation. He knew it affected people’s lives in around the Capitol that people don’t But what we are doing here that I the most central way. He understood realize. While we have lost some on our know of for the first time is business what collective bargaining was about— side, too, it is important to remember and labor coming together and saying meaning, you give money up today in those who give so much of their time ‘‘we need to build the capacity within a wages to protect your future. He was and energy to make our country bet- country so that they can enforce trade committed to finding a solution. Most ter. agreements.’’ This is a positive step, importantly, as Senator GRASSLEY H.R. 5430 not just for Mexico, but a positive step knows, he always treated the retirees Mr. President, I rise to support the for what we need to do around the with dignity, and he respected their US-Mexico-Canada Agreement we are globe. I wish we could just say to every work. He understood what this retire- going to be voting on tomorrow, and I country, ‘‘Yes, put up the regime to en- ment crisis meant to those families want to thank all the people who force these laws, and make it happen and the pressures they were under. worked on it, including Senator GRASS- tomorrow, and we can help you and In 2018, when we worked together LEY, Senator WYDEN, Senator BROWN, your economy.’’ But it just doesn’t with him and Senator GRASSLEY’s staff Speaker PELOSI, and many other people work like that. And when you retreat and Chairman Hatch and Senator to get us a final product that I think from trade—and, trust me, I believe PORTMAN on our bipartisan pensions we all believe should move forward. this administration has retreated from committee, we held a field hearing in It is very important to me, coming trade when it starts with a tariff-first Columbus in order to hear directly from one of the most trade-dependent approach. You cannot start the discus- from current workers, retirees, and States, that we continue to open up sion with throwing out tariffs and then small businesses. Chris came to Ohio trade markets, but I hope my col- penalizing our farmers and then think- for the entire field hearing. He didn’t leagues will also realize that the world ing that we are going to get the door have to, and a lot of staff members economy has reached a tipping point. open. So I am all ears to hear how we didn’t. Yet he understood how impor- Over half of the world is now either are going to get a real agreement with tant it was to talk to the people whose middle class or wealthier. So that China. livelihoods were at stake in this crisis. means that we have more people to sell But I thank my colleagues who did Workers and retirees came from all more U.S. products to. That means big- the hard work on this USMCA agree- over Ohio. Companies that had often ger market opportunities for U.S. man- ment to make enforcement and capac- been in business for 100 years came ufactured goods, for agriculture prod- ity building real for the first time. from all over the region for that hear- ucts, and a way for us to continue to Why? Because as we look at that world ing. We had a 25,000-person rally out- compete in some of our most important economy outside the United States, it side the Ohio State Capitol. I would industries. That is why I have always is one of the biggest economic opportu- add again that a number of people in supported making sure that we con- nities we will see. That is, we know the Galleries today were at that rally. tinue to open up trade markets in a how to grow things. We know how to Our staff was a little nervous about fair way. And for us in Washington make things. We should make sure we how Chris might react when he saw State, the North American Free Trade are opening up markets in a fair trade that, for his boss had had some dis- Agreement was a positive move. In the regime to those products. So I will con- agreements with these folks in the best context, prior to the NAFTA agree- tinue to work with our colleagues here way to find a solution. Yet Chris just ment for Washington, in Mexico, there to make sure that that is achieved. I looked at that sea of people and said: was $300 million of Washington exports. hope the President will stop the tariff- ‘‘That’s cool.’’ Now there is more than $2 billion, and first approach, stop the continuation of That empathy was a part of who he they are our largest export market for the tariffs and the impacts that we are was. He was responsive. He was kind Washington apples. seeing now, and get down to continuing and thoughtful. He embodied the deco- Today, Canada, you can see a similar to negotiations with our being a leader rum of what the Senate should be. He story. Prior to the North American for opening up markets.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.056 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S234 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 The United States can’t lose shelf While NAFTA has led to the loss of ing of American jobs, to combat cli- space to very, very competitive mar- nearly 1 million American jobs, this mate change, to protect the environ- kets and then come back years later agreement does virtually nothing to ment, and to stop the destructive race and try to regain it. Let’s be a world stop the outsourcing of jobs to Mexico. to the bottom. leader in establishing the rules for fair Under this agreement, large multi- We have to stop large, profitable cor- trade and pushing for provisions like national corporations will still be able porations that are outsourcing Amer- we see in the USMCA agreement so we to shut down factories in America, ican jobs overseas from receiving lu- can move forward, making sure Wash- where workers are paid some $28 an crative Federal contracts. It makes no ington products, U.S. Products, Amer- hour, and move to Mexico, where work- sense to me that you have large cor- ican-made products, get delivered to a ers there are paid less than $2 an hour. porations shut down in America, go to growing, wealthier world. When Donald Trump was a candidate cheap labor countries abroad, and then I yield the floor. for President, he promised that he they get online and receive very large The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The would stop the outsourcing of Amer- Federal contacts. We have to stop that. Senator from North Dakota. ican jobs to Mexico, China, and other Further, we have to repeal Trump’s Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I sug- low-wage countries. That has not hap- tax giveaways to the wealthy, which gest the absence of a quorum. pened. have provided huge tax breaks to com- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The The truth is, since Trump took of- panies that shut down manufacturing clerk will call the roll. fice, over 170,000 American jobs have plants in the United States and move The legislative clerk proceeded to been shipped overseas. In 2018, we had a abroad. call the roll. recordbreaking $891 billion trade def- Trade is a good thing done well, but Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I ask icit in goods, a $419 billion trade deficit this trade agreement does not accom- unanimous consent that the order for with China, and an $81 billion trade plish that end. deficit with Mexico. the quorum call be rescinded. f The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- In 2018, for the first time in our his- out objection, it is so ordered. tory, manufacturing workers began MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE—AP- CHINA TRADE AGREEMENT getting paid less than workers overall. POINTING AND AUTHORIZING Mr. SANDERS. Mr. President, I rise It used to be that manufacturing work- MANAGERS FOR THE IMPEACH- in opposition to the NAFTA 2.0 trade ers made really good wages compared MENT TRIAL OF DONALD JOHN agreement negotiated by President to the rest of the workforce. It is not TRUMP, PRESIDENT OF THE Trump. the case anymore. UNITED STATES This agreement is opposed by labor Today, manufacturing workers get The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The unions like the International Associa- $28.15 an hour, while the average work- Senate will receive a message from the er makes 15 cents an hour more. Last tion of Machinists and Aerospace House of Representatives. month we lost 12,000 factory jobs, and Workers, as well as by the United Food A message from the House of Rep- despite Trump’s rhetoric, we are in a and Commercial Workers International resentatives by Ms. JOHNSON, Clerk of manufacturing recession. the U.S. House of Representatives, an- Union. It is opposed by numerous envi- There is a reason why virtually every ronmental organizations, including the major environmental group is opposed nounced that the House of Representa- Sunrise Movement, the Sierra Club, to Trump’s NAFTA 2.0. This agreement tives had passed a resolution (H. Res. Friends of the Earth, the League of does nothing to stop fossil fuel compa- 798) appointing and authorizing man- Conservation Voters, and virtually nies like ExxonMobil and Chevron from agers for the impeachment trial of every major environmental organiza- dumping their waste and pollution into Donald John Trump, President of the tion in the country. Further, it is op- Mexico and destroying the environ- United States. posed by the National Family Farm ment. In fact, it makes it easier for fos- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The Coalition, which believes it will lock in sil fuel companies to bring tar sands oil message will be received. rules that have devastated family- into the United States through dan- The majority leader. based agriculture and expand corporate gerous pipelines like the Keystone XL. f control over agriculture in North This proposal does not even mention UNANIMOUS CONSENT AGREE- America. the word ‘‘climate change.’’ Imagine in MENTS—RELATING TO ARTICLES I am proud to stand with these labor the year 2020 that we have a major OF IMPEACHMENT AGAINST DON- unions, with the environmental groups, trade agreement that does not even ALD JOHN TRUMP and family farmers against President mention the words ‘‘climate change,’’ Trump’s NAFTA 2.0. the existential threat facing not only Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I I not only voted against NAFTA in our country but the entire planet. ask unanimous consent that pursuant 1993, but I marched against it. In 2000 I This deal preserves the disastrous in- to rule I of the Rules of Procedure and voted against permanent normal trade vestor-state dispute settlement system Practice When Sitting on Impeach- relations with China. I opposed the for oil and gas companies, allowing ment Trials, the Secretary of the Sen- U.S.-Korea Free Trade Agreement and them to continue to put corporate prof- ate inform the House of Representa- other trade agreements. its ahead of our air, water, climate, tives that the Senate is ready to re- The bottom line is that we need trade and health. ceive the managers appointed by the agreements in this country that work At this pivotal moment in American House for the purpose of exhibiting Ar- for workers, that work for farmers, and history, it is not good enough to tinker ticles of Impeachment against Donald not just the CEOs of large multi- around the edges. The scientific com- John Trump, President of the United national corporations. munity has been very clear. If we do States, agreeably to the notice commu- There is no doubt in my mind that we not act boldly and aggressively to nicated to the Senate; further, that at need to fundamentally rewrite our dis- transform our energy system away the hour of 12 noon on Thursday, Janu- astrous trade agreements and create from fossil fuel and into energy effi- ary 16, 2020, the Senate will receive the and protect good-paying American ciency and sustainable energy, the fu- managers on the part of the House of jobs, and that we need trade agree- ture of this planet is in doubt, and Representatives in order that they may ments that will improve the environ- there is no question but that the Na- present and exhibit the Articles of Im- ment and combat climate change, and tion and planet we leave to our chil- peachment against Donald John we need trade agreements that end the dren and to our grandchildren will be Trump, President of the United States. destructive race to the bottom, where increasingly unhealthy and uninhabit- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is workers are forced to work for lower, able. there any objection? lower wages. We have a major climate crisis and Without objection, it is so ordered. Unfortunately, this revised trade no trade deal should be passed that Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I agreement with Mexico and Canada does not address that issue. ask unanimous consent that pursuant does none of these things. It must be In my view, we need to rewrite this to rules III and IV of the Rules of Pro- rewritten. trade agreement to stop the outsourc- cedure and Practice When Sitting on

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.003 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S235 Impeachment Trials, that at the hour floor of the Senate based on protocol consid- (6) members of the press with appropriate of 2 p.m. on Thursday, January 16, 2020, erations enforced by the Secretary for the credentials; the Senate proceed to the consider- Majority, the Secretary for the Minority, (7) individuals with special gallery tickets; ation of the Articles of Impeachment and the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of and the Senate. (8) individuals with regular gallery passes and that the Presiding Officer, through (C) SEATING REQUIREMENTS.—All individ- to the Senate gallery when the bearer is ad- the Secretary of the Senate, notify the uals with access to the floor of the Senate mitted through tour lines. Chief Justice of the United States of shall remain seated at all times. (b) ARCHITECT OF THE CAPITOL.—The Archi- the time and place fixed for consider- (2) LIMITED STAFF ACCESS.—Officers and tect of the Capitol shall advise the Sergeant ation of the articles and request his at- employees of the Senate, including members at Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate of all tendance as Presiding Officer pursuant of the staffs of committees of the Senate or officers or employees of the Architect of the to article I, section 3, clause 6, of the joint committees of the Congress and em- Capitol who require access to the Senate U.S. Constitution. ployees in the office of a Senator, shall not Wing of the Capitol during the impeachment have privileges under rule XXIII of the proceedings. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- Standing Rules of the Senate to access the SEC. 3. ENFORCEMENT BY THE SERGEANT AT out objection, it is so ordered. floor of the Senate, except as needed for offi- ARMS AND DOORKEEPER. f cial impeachment proceeding duties in ac- The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of cordance with the following: the Senate shall enforce this resolution and UNANIMOUS CONSENT AGREE- (A) The Majority Leader and the Minority take such other actions as necessary to ful- MENT—AUTHORIZATION FOR AP- Leader shall each be limited to not more fill the responsibilities of the Sergeant at POINTMENT OF ESCORT COM- than 4 assistants. Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate under MITTEE AND HOUSE NOTIFICA- (B) The Secretary of the Senate and the this resolution, including the issuance of ap- TION Assistant Secretary of the Senate shall each propriate credentials as required under para- have access, and the legislative staff of the graphs (2) and (6) of section 2(a). Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Secretary of the Senate shall be permitted as f ask unanimous consent that the Pre- needed under the supervision of the Sec- siding Officer be authorized to appoint retary of the Senate. AUTHORIZING THE TAKING OF A a committee of Senators, two upon the (C) The Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper PHOTOGRAPH IN THE CHAMBER recommendation of the majority leader of the Senate and the Deputy Sergeant at OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE Arms and Doorkeeper shall each have access, and two upon the recommendation of and doorkeepers shall be permitted as needed Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I the Democratic leader, to escort the under the supervision of the Sergeant at ask unanimous consent that the Sen- Chief Justice into the Senate Chamber. Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate. ate proceed to the consideration of S. I further ask consent that the Sec- (D) The Secretary for the Majority, the Res. 471, submitted earlier today. retary of the Senate be directed to no- Secretary for the Minority, the Assistant The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The tify the House of Representatives of Secretary for the Majority, and the Assist- clerk will report the resolution by ant Secretary for the Minority shall each the time and place fixed for the Senate title. to proceed upon the impeachment of have access, and cloakroom employees shall be permitted as needed under the supervision The legislative clerk read as follows: Donald John Trump in the Senate of the Secretary for the Majority or the Sec- A resolution (S. Res. 471) authorizing the Chamber. retary for the Minority, as appropriate. taking of a photograph in the Chamber of The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- (E) The Senate Legal Counsel and the Dep- the United States Senate. out objection, it is so ordered. uty Senate Legal Counsel shall have access There being no objection, the Senate f on an as-needed basis. proceeded to consider the resolution. (F) The Parliamentarian of the Senate and Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous UNANIMOUS CONSENT assistants to the Parliamentarian of the consent that the resolution be agreed AGREEMENT—SENATE ACCESS Senate shall have access on an as-needed basis. to and the motion to reconsider be con- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I (G) Counsel for the Secretary of the Senate sidered made and laid upon the table ask unanimous consent that access to and the Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper of with no intervening action or debate. the Senate wing, the Senate floor, and the Senate shall have access on an as-needed The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With- the Senate Chamber Galleries during basis. out objection, it is so ordered. all of the proceedings involving the ex- (H) The minimum number of Senate pages The resolution (S. Res. 471) was necessary to carry out their duties, as deter- hibition of consideration of the Arti- agreed to. cles of Impeachment against Donald mined by the Secretary for the Majority and the Secretary for the Minority, shall have (The resolution is printed in today’s John Trump, President of the United access. RECORD under ‘‘Submitted Resolu- States, and at all times that the Sen- (3) OTHER INDIVIDUALS WITH SENATE FLOOR tions.’’) ate is sitting for trial with the Chief ACCESS.—The following individuals shall f Justice of the United States presiding, have privileges of access to the floor of the be in accordance with the allocations Senate: PROGRAM (A) Not more than 3 assistants to the Chief and provisions I now send to the desk, Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, for and I ask that it be printed in the Justice of the United States. (B) Assistants to the managers of the im- the information of all Senators, a few RECORD. peachment of the House of Representatives. minutes ago, the Senate was notified The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Is (C) Counsel and assistants to counsel for that the House of Representatives is fi- there objection? the President of the United States. nally ready to proceed with their Arti- Without objection, it is so ordered. SEC. 2. ACCESS TO THE SENATE WING OF THE cles of Impeachment. So, by unanimous The documents follow: CAPITOL. consent, we have just laid some of the SECTION 1. SENATE FLOOR ACCESS. (a) IN GENERAL.—During impeachment pro- groundwork that will structure the During impeachment proceedings for the ceedings against the President of the United next several days. President of the United States, the following States, access to the basement and the first, We have officially invited the House procedures relating to access to the Senate second, and third floors of the Senate Wing managers to come to the Senate to- floor shall apply: of the Capitol shall be limited to— (1) IN GENERAL.— (1) Senators; morrow at noon to exhibit their Arti- (A) ENTRANCE THROUGH CLOAKROOMS.—Indi- (2) officers and employees of the Senate cles of Impeachment. Then later to- viduals with privileges under rule XXIII of with appropriate Senate-issued identifica- morrow afternoon, at 2 p.m., the Chief the Standing Rules of the Senate (as limited tion cards and appropriate credentials; Justice of the United States will arrive by paragraph (2) of this section), or with (3) employees of the Architect of the Cap- here in the Senate. He will be sworn in privileges under paragraph (3) of this section, itol (as necessary and in accordance with by the President pro tempore, Senator shall access the floor of the Senate through subsection (b)); GRASSLEY. Then the Chief Justice will the cloakrooms only, unless otherwise di- (4) individuals with privileges under rule swear in all of us Senators. We will rected by the Sergeant at Arms and Door- XXIII of the Standing Rules of the Senate keeper of the Senate. (as limited by section 1(2)) or with privileges pledge to rise above the petty fac- (B) GENERAL LIMITS ON ACCESS.—Access to under section 1(3); tionalism and do justice for our insti- the floor of the Senate shall be limited to (5) individuals with official business re- tutions, for our States, and for the Na- the number of vacant seats available on the lated to the impeachment proceedings; tion. Then we will formally notify the

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.060 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S236 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 White House of our pending trial and information is used to determine remaining eight Senate appropriations summon the President to answer the whether budgetary points of order lie subcommittees, extended numerous ex- articles and send his counsel. against pending legislation. The Re- piring programs and tax provisions, re- So the trial will commence in earnest publican staff of the Budget Committee pealed several healthcare taxes, ex- on Tuesday. and the Congressional Budget Office, panded access to retirement plans, pro- First, Mr. President, some important CBO, prepared this report pursuant to vided additional resources for pensions good news for the country. We antici- section 308(b) of the Congressional for miners, and contained several pro- pate the Senate will finish the USMCA Budget Act CBA. The information in- visions related to various foreign pol- tomorrow and send this landmark cluded in this report is current through icy initiatives. CBO estimated that di- trade deal to President Trump for his January 7, 2020. visions A-H of the bill, which provided signature. This is a major victory for Since I filed the last scorekeeping re- discretionary appropriations, would the administration, but more impor- port on December 4, 2019, four measures bring total appropriated budget au- tantly, for American families. with significant enforceable budgetary thority for covered programs to $539.9 Let me close with this: This is a dif- effects have been enacted. billion in fiscal year 2020. Of the ficult time for our country, but this is The first measure enacted this re- amount provided, $520.4 billion was pro- precisely the kind of time for which porting period, H.R. 5363, the Fostering vided as regular appropriations and the Framers created the Senate. I am Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking $19.5 billion qualified for cap adjust- confident this body can rise above Resources for Education Act, FUTURE ments under existing law. CBO further short-termism and factional fever and Act, cleared the Senate by voice vote estimated that divisions I—Q of the bill serve the long-term best interests of and became P.L. 116–91. The bill in- would increase deficits by $408.9 billion over the 2020 through 2029 period. Divi- our Nation. We can do this, and we cluded two provisions with significant sions A—H were charged to the Appro- must. cost over the 10-year period: a perma- priations Committee; divisions I and K I suggest the absence of a quorum. nent extension of mandatory funding were charged to the Banking Com- The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The for historically Black colleges and uni- mittee; division J was charged to the clerk will call the roll. versities and additional mandatory Foreign Relations Committee; division The legislative clerk proceeded to funding for the Pell Grant program. To offset these provisions, the measure al- L was charged to the Homeland Secu- call the roll. rity and Governmental Affairs Com- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I lows the Department of Education to access taxpayer data when admin- mittee; divisions M, N, O, and Q were ask unanimous consent that the order charged to the Finance Committee; and for the quorum call be rescinded. istering Federal student aid programs. Overall, CBO estimates that the FU- division P was charged to the Com- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. merce Committee. The measure passed CRAMER). Without objection, it is so or- TURE Act would reduce outlays by $997 million in the first year, $835 million the Senate by a vote of 71 to 23. dered. Budget Committee Republican staff over 5 years, and $435 million over 10 f prepared tables A-D. years. This measure was charged to the Table A gives the amount by which ORDER OF BUSINESS Health, Education, Labor and Pensions each Senate authorizing committee ex- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I Committee. ceeds or is below its allocation for The second measure enacted this re- ask unanimous consent that all debate budget authority and outlays under the porting period was the conference re- time on H.R. 5430 expire at 11 a.m. to- fiscal year 2020 deemed budget resolu- port to accompany S. 1790, the Na- morrow; further, that prior to the expi- tion. This information is used for en- tional Defense Authorization Act for ration of debate time, it be in order for forcing committee allocations pursu- Fiscal Year 2020. This measure, which Senator TOOMEY, or his designee, to ant to section 302 of the CBA. Legisla- became P.L. 116–92 and was charged to raise a budget point of order; and that tion enacted to date has resulted in six the Armed Services Committee, au- if a point of order is raised, it be in authorizing committees breaching thorized appropriations for the Na- order for Senator GRASSLEY, or his des- their allocations provided by BBA19. In tion’s national defense apparatus for ignee, to make a motion to waive the total authorizing committees have the current fiscal year. In addition to point of order. breached outlay limitations by more the authorization of funds, the con- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without than $29.1 billion over the 2020 through ference report included changes in law, objection, it is so ordered. 2029 period. notably to the Survivor Benefit Pro- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, for Table B provides the amount by gram, that would affect direct spending the information of all Senators, this which the Senate Committee on Appro- and revenues. According to CBO’s esti- means we will have two rollcall votes priations is below or exceeds the statu- mate, the measure would increase di- tomorrow morning at 11 a.m. tory spending limits. This information rect spending by $5.6 billion over the is used to determine points of order re- f 2020 to 2029 period. lated to the spending caps found in sec- MORNING BUSINESS The third measure, H.R. 1158, the tions 312 and 314 of the CBA. The table Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, shows that the Appropriations Com- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I became P.L. 116–93. This bill provided mittee is compliant with spending lim- ask unanimous consent that the Sen- funding for fiscal year 2020 programs its for current the fiscal year. Those ate be in a period of morning business, within the jurisdictions of four Senate limits for regular discretionary spend- with Senators permitted to speak for appropriations subcommittees, includ- ing are $666.5 billion for accounts in the up to 10 minutes each. ing Defense, Commerce-Justice- defense category and $621.5 billion for The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Science, Financial Services and Gen- accounts in the nondefense category of objection, it is so ordered. eral Government, and Homeland Secu- spending. f rity. CBO estimated that the bill would The 2018 budget resolution contained bring total budget authority provided points of order limiting the use of BUDGET SCOREKEEPING REPORT for programs covered by these four sub- changes in mandatory programs, Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, I rise to committees to $860.3 billion in fiscal CHIMPs, in appropriations bills. Table submit to the Senate the budget year 2020. Of the amounts provided, C, which tracks the CHIMP limit of $15 scorekeeping report for January 2020. $767.6 billion was considered regular ap- billion for 2020, shows the Appropria- This is my third scorekeeping report propriations and $92.6 billion qualified tions Committee has complied with the since I filed the deemed budget resolu- for cap adjustments under existing law. CHIMP limit for this fiscal year. tion for fiscal year 2020 on September 9, The final measure with significant CHIMPs enacted as part of the 2020 ap- 2019, as required by the Bipartisan effects enacted this reporting period propriations cycle include $5.7 billion Budget Act of 2019, BBA19. The report was H.R. 1865, the Further Consolidated from changes to the Crime Victims compares current-law levels of spend- Appropriations Act, 2020. This bill, Fund and $9.3 billion in changes to ac- ing and revenues with the amounts which became P.L. 116–94, provided ap- counts related to the Children’s Health agreed to in BBA19. In the Senate, this propriations for fiscal year 2020 for the Insurance Program.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.061 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S237 Table D provides the amount of budg- thorization conference report for in- TABLE B.—SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE—EN- et authority enacted for 2020 that has creasing deficits by more than $5 bil- ACTED REGULAR DISCRETIONARY APPROPRIATIONS 1— been designated as either for an emer- lion in years following the current Continued gency or for overseas contingency oper- budget window. That point of order was [Budget authority, in millions of dollars] ations pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) waived by a vote of 82 to 12. On Decem- of the Balanced Budget and Emergency ber 19, 2019, I raised the same point of 2020 Deficit Control Act of 1985, as amended. order against the Further Consolidated Security 2 Nonsecurity 2 Funding that receives either of these Appropriations Act, 2020, but that was Homeland Security ...... 2,383 48,085 designations results in cap adjustments also waived with a vote of 64 to 30. Interior, Environment, and Related to enforceable discretionary spending All years in the accompanying tables Agencies ...... 0 35,989 Labor, Health and Human Services, limits. There is no limit on either are fiscal years. Education, and Related Agencies .... 0 183,042 emergency or overseas contingency op- I ask unanimous consent that the ac- Legislative Branch ...... 0 5,049 erations spending; however, any Sen- companying tables be printed in the Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related Agencies ...... 11,315 92,171 ator may challenge the designation RECORD. State, Foreign Operations, and Related with a point of order to strike the des- There being no objection, the mate- Programs ...... 0 46,685 rial was ordered to be printed in the Transportation and Housing and Urban ignation on the floor. To date, more Development, and Related Agencies 300 73,977 than $88.0 billion has been enacted with RECORD, as follows: either the emergency or overseas con- Current Level Total ...... 666,500 621,500 Total Enacted Above (+) or Below tingency operations designations for TABLE A.—SENATE AUTHORIZING COMMITTEES—ENACTED ¥ ¥ ( ) Statutory Limits ...... 0 0 the 2020 appropriations cycle. DIRECT SPENDING ABOVE (+) OR BELOW ( ) BUDGET RESOLUTIONS Note: This table is current through January 7, 2020. In addition to the tables provided by 1 This table excludes spending pursuant to adjustments to the discre- Budget Committee Republican staff, I [In millions of dollars] tionary spending limits. These adjustments are allowed for certain purposes in section 251(b)(2) of BBEDCA. am submitting CBO tables, which I will 2 2020 2020– 2020– Security spending is defined as spending in the National Defense budg- use to enforce budget totals approved 2024 2029 et function (050) and nonsecurity spending is defined as all other spending. by Congress. Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry CBO provided a spending and revenue Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 TABLE C.—SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE—EN- report for 2020, table 1, which helps en- Outlays ...... 0 0 0 ACTED CHANGES IN MANDATORY SPENDING PROGRAMS Armed Services force aggregate spending levels in Budget Authority ...... 32 1,972 5,637 (CHIMPS) budget resolutions under CBA section Outlays ...... 35 1,972 5,637 [Budget authority, millions of dollars] Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs 311. Following the enactment of the Budget Authority ...... 169 2,260 5,402 two minibus appropriations bills in De- Outlays ...... 169 2,246 5,402 2020 Commerce, Science, and Transportation cember and the continued spending of Budget Authority...... 7 7 7 CHIMPS Limit for Fiscal Year 2020 ...... 15,000 authorizing committees, the current Outlays ...... 7 7 7 Senate Appropriations Subcommittees Energy and Natural Resources level is now in excess of allowable lev- Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 Agriculture, Rural Development, and Related Agencies 0 els by $15.4 billion for budget authority Outlays ...... 0 0 0 Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies ...... 5,737 Environment and Public Works Defense ...... 0 and $1.7 billion for outlays in 2020. De- Budget Authority ...... 8,058 38,589 77,069 Energy and Water Development ...... 0 tails on 2020 levels can be found in Outlays ...... 415 683 1,130 Financial Services and General Government ...... 0 Finance CBO’s second table. Homeland Security ...... 0 Budget Authority ...... 8,180 14,359 17,310 Interior, Environment, and Related Agencies ...... 0 Current-law revenues are currently Outlays ...... 6,505 14,037 17,340 Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Re- Foreign Relations lated Agencies ...... 9,263 below enforceable levels for all enforce- Budget Authority...... 2 2 2 ment periods. Due to the enactment of Outlays ...... 37 37 37 Legislative Branch ...... 0 Homeland Security and Governmental Af- Military Construction, Veterans Affairs, and Related the Further Consolidated Appropria- fairs Agencies ...... 0 tions Act, 2020, and to a lesser extent Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs ...... 0 Outlays ...... 0 0 0 Transportation, Housing and Urban Development, and this year’s national defense authoriza- Judiciary Related Agencies ...... 0 tion bill, revenues are currently $34.4 Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 billion, $150.7 billion, and $386.2 billion Outlays ...... 0 0 0 Current Level Total ...... 15,000 Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Total CHIMPS Above (+) or Below (¥) Budget lower than assumed in the deemed Budget Authority ...... ¥720 ¥400 0 Resolution ...... 0 ¥ ¥ ¥ budget resolution for 2020, 2020 through Outlays ...... 997 835 435 Rules and Administration Note: This table is current through January 7, 2020. 2024, and 2020 through 2029, respec- Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 Outlays ...... 0 0 0 tively. Social Security spending levels Intelligence TABLE D.—SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE—EN- are consistent with the budget resolu- Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 Outlays ...... 0 0 0 ACTED EMERGENCY AND OVERSEAS CONTINGENCY OP- tion’s figures for 2020; however, Social Veterans’ Affairs ERATIONS SPENDING Security revenue levels are $15 million Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 Outlays ...... 0 0 0 [Budget authority, millions of dollars] below assumed levels. Indian Affairs CBO’s report also provides informa- Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 Emergency and Overseas Contingency Outlays ...... 0 0 0 Operations Designated Spending 2020 tion needed to enforce the Senate pay- Small Business Budget Authority...... 0 0 0 as-you-go, pay-go, rule table 3. This Emergency Overseas Contin- rule was established under section 4106 Outlays ...... 0 0 0 gency Operations of the 2018 budget resolution. The Sen- Total Non- Non- Budget Authority ...... 15,728 56,789 105,427 Secu- securi- Secu- securi- rity 1 rity 1 ate pay-go scorecard currently shows a Outlays ...... 6,171 18,147 29,118 ty 1 ty 1 credit of $965 million in 2020 but deficit increases of $1.1 billion and $5.2 billion Note: This table is current through January 7, 2020. This table tracks the Additional Supplemental Ap- spending effects of legislation enacted compared to allowable levels. Each propriations for Disaster over the 2019–2024 and 2019–2029 periods, authorizing committee’s initial allocation can be found in the Senate Budget Relief Act, 2019 (P.L. 116– respectively. Please note that the def- Committee Chairman’s Congressional Record filing on September 9, 2019. 20) 2 ...... 0 8 0 0 Consolidated Appropriations icit effects of division I through divi- TABLE B.—SENATE APPROPRIATIONS COMMITTEE— Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–93) ..... 1,771 0 70,855 0 sion Q of the Further Consolidated Ap- 1 Further Consolidated Appro- ENACTED REGULAR DISCRETIONARY APPROPRIATIONS priations Act, 2020 (P.L. propriations Act, 2020 are excluded [Budget authority, in millions of dollars] 116–94) ...... 6,229 535 645 8,000 from the Senate’s pay-go scorecard pursuant to title X of division I of that 2020 Current Level Total 8,000 543 71,500 8,000 law. Security 2 Nonsecurity 2 This table is current through January 7, 2020. This submission also includes a table 1 Security spending is defined as spending in the National Defense budg- Statutory Discretionary Limits ...... 666,500 621,500 et function (050) and nonsecurity spending is defined as all other spending. tracking the Senate’s budget enforce- Amount Provided by Senate Appropriations Subcommittee 2 The Additional Supplemental Appropriations for Disaster Relief Act, 2019 ment activity on the floor since the en- Agriculture, Rural Development, and was enacted after the publication of CBO’s May 2019 baseline but before forcement filing on September 9, 2019. I Related Agencies ...... 0 23,493 the Senate Budget Committee Chairman published the deemed budget reso- Commerce, Justice, Science, and Re- lution for 2020 in the Congressional Record. Pursuant to the Bipartisan raised two points of order during this lated Agencies ...... 5,695 64,980 Budget Act of 2019, the budgetary effects of this legislation have been in- reporting period. On December 17, 2019, Defense ...... 622,522 143 corporated into the current level as previously enacted funds. Energy and Water Development ...... 24,250 24,093 I raised the long-term deficits point of Financial Services and General Govern- order against the national defense au- ment ...... 35 23,793

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\G15JA6.038 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S238 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 U.S. CONGRESS, the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 (Public TABLE 1.—SENATE CURRENT LEVEL REPORT FOR SPEND- CONGRESSIONAL BUDGET OFFICE, Law 116–37). ING AND REVENUES FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020, AS OF Washington, DC, January 15, 2020. Since our last letter dated December 4, JANUARY 7, 2020 Hon. MIKE ENZI, 2020, the Congress has cleared and the Presi- [In billions of dollars] Chairman, Committee on the Budget, dent has signed the following legislation U.S. Senate, Washington, DC. that has significant effects on budget au- Current EAR R HAIRMAN Budget Current Level Over/ D M . C : The enclosed report thority and outlays in fiscal year 2020: Fos- Resolution Level Under (¥) shows the effects of Congressional action on tering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resolution the fiscal year 2020 budget and is current Resources for Education Act (Public Law On-Budget through January 7, 2020. This report is sub- 116–91); National Defense Authorization Act Budget Authority ...... 3,816.1 3,831.5 15.4 mitted under section 308(b) and in aid of sec- for Fiscal Year 2020 (Public Law 116–92); Con- Outlays ...... 3,733.1 3,734.8 1.7 tion 311 of the Congressional Budget Act, as solidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Public Revenues ...... 2,740.5 2,706.1 ¥34.4 Off-Budget amended. Law 116–93); and Further Consolidated Ap- Social Security Outlays a 961.2 961.2 0.0 The estimates of budget authority, out- propriations Act, 2020 (Public Law 116–94). Social Security Revenues 940.4 940.4 0.0 lays, and revenues are consistent with the Sincerely, Source: Congressional Budget Office. allocations, aggregates, and other budgetary PHILLIP L. SWAGEL, a Excludes administrative expenses paid from the Federal Old-Age and Director. Survivors Insurance Trust Fund and the Federal Disability Insurance Trust levels printed in the Congressional Record on Fund of the Social Security Administration, which are off-budget, but are September 9, 2019, pursuant to section 204 of Enclosure. appropriated annually. TABLE 2.—SUPPORTING DETAIL FOR THE SENATE CURRENT LEVEL REPORT FOR ON-BUDGET SPENDING AND REVENUES FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020, AS OF JANUARY 7, 2020 [In millions of dollars]

Budget Authority Outlays Revenues

Previously Enacted ab Revenues ...... n.a. n.a. 2,740,538 Permanents and other spending legislation ...... 2,397,769 2,309,887 n.a. Authorizing and Appropriation legislation ...... 0 595,528 0 Offsetting receipts ...... ¥954,573 ¥954,573 n.a. Total, Previously Enacted ...... 1,443,196 1,950,842 2,740,538 Enacted Legislation Authorizing Legislation Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019 (Div. B, P.L. 116–59) ...... 693 667 0 Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (Div. B, P.L. 116–69) ...... 8,058 415 0 Women’s Suffrage Centennial Commemorative Coin Act (P.L. 116–71) ...... ¥2 ¥2 0 Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act (P.L. 116–91) ...... ¥720 ¥997 0 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (P.L. 116–92) ...... 32 35 1 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Div. l–K, M–Q, P.L. 116–94) ...... 8,360 6,720 ¥34,449 Subtotal, Authorizing Legislation ...... 16,421 6,838 ¥34,448 Appropriation Legislation ab Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019 (Div. A, P.L. 116–59) c ...... 0 128 0 Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (P.L. 116–93) ...... 884,979 530,980 0 Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Div. A–H, P.L. 116–94) d ...... 1,585,345 1,239,739 0 Subtotal, Appropriation Legislation ...... 2,470,324 1,770,847 0 Total, Enacted Legislation ...... 2,486,745 1,777,685 ¥34,448 Entitlements and Mandatories ...... ¥98,431 6,242 0 Total Current Level e ...... 3,831,510 3,734,769 2,706,090 Total Senate Resolution c ...... 3,816,122 3,733,075 2,740,538 Current Level Over Senate Resolution ...... 15,388 1,694 n.a. Current Level Under Senate Resolution ...... n.a. n.a, 34,448 Memorandum Revenues, 2020–2029 Senate Current Level ...... n.a. n.a. 34,461,163 Senate Resolution e ...... n.a. n.a. 34,847,317 Current Level Over Senate Resolution ...... n.a. n.a. n.a. Current Level Under Senate Resolution ...... n.a. n.a. 386,154 Source: Congressional Budget Office. n.a. = not applicable; P.L. = public law. a Sections 1001–1004 of the 21st Century Cures Act (P.L. 114–255) require that certain funding provided for 2017 through 2026 to the Department of Health and Human Services—in particular the Food and Drug Administration and the National Institutes of Health—be excluded from estimates for the purposes of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 (Deficit Control Act) and the Congressional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974 (Congressional Budget Act). Therefore, the amounts shown in this report do not include $567 million in budget authority and $798 million in estimated outlays. b For purposes of enforcing section 311 of the Congressional Budget Act in the Senate, the resolution, as approved by the Senate, does not include budget authority, outlays, or revenues for off-budget amounts. As a result, amounts in this current level report do not include those items. c Section 124 of the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020 (division A of P.L. 116–59), appropriated funding for the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative (within the jurisdiction of the Subcommittee on Defense) and designated those amounts as funding for overseas contingency operations. That provision took effect upon enactment on September 27, 2019. d In consultation with the House and Senate Committees on the Budget and the Office of Management and Budget, rescissions of emergency funding that was not designated as an emergency requirement pursuant to section 251(b)(2)(A) of the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985 shall not count for certain budgetary enforcement purposes. These amounts, which are not included in the current level totals, are as follows:

Budget Authority Outlays Revenues

Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (Division H, P.L. 116–94) ...... ¥7 0 0 e Section 204 of the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019 requires the Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Budget to publish the aggregate spending and revenue levels for fiscal year 2020; those aggregate levels were first published in the Congressional Record on September 9, 2019. The Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Budget has the authority to revise the budgetary aggregates for the budgetary effects of certain revenue and spending measures pursuant to the Congressional Budget Act of 1974 and H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018, as updated by the Bipartisan Budget Act of 2019.

Authority Outlays Revenues

Original Aggregates printed on September 9, 2019 ...... 3,703,553 3,680,696 2,740,538 Revisions: Adjustment for P.L. 116–59, Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019 ...... 693 795 0 Adjustment for P.L. 116–69, Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 ...... 4,750 4,050 0 Adjustment for P.L. 116–93, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020, and P.L. 116–94, Further Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 ...... 107,126 47,534 0 Revised Senate Resolution ...... 3,816,122 3,733,075 2,740,538

TABLE 3.—SUMMARY OF THE SENATE PAY-AS-YOU-GO SCORECARD AS OF JANUARY 7, 2020 [In millions of dollars]

2020 2019–2024 2019–2029

Beginning Balance a ...... 0 0 0 Enacted Legislation bc Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 4378, P.L. 116–59) d ...... n.a. n.a. n.a. Christa McAuliffe Commemorative Coin Act of 2019 (S. 239, P.L. 116–65) ...... 0 0 0 Hidden Figures Congressional Gold Medal Act (H.R. 1396, P.L. 116–68) ...... * * * Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2020, and Further Health Extenders Act of 2019 (H.R. 3055, P.L. 116–69) e ...... — — —

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2020 2019–2024 2019–2029

Women’s Suffrage Centennial Commemorative Coin Act (H.R. 2423, P.L. 116–71) ...... ¥2 0 0 Preventing Animal Cruelty and Torture Act (H.R. 724, P.L. 116–72) ...... * * * Hong Kong Human Rights and Democracy Act of 2019 (S. 1838, P.L. 116–76) ...... * * * An act to amend section 442 of title 18, United States Code, to exempt certain interests in mutual funds, unit investment trusts, employee benefit plans, and retirement plans from con- flict of interest limitations for the Government Publishing Office. (H.R. 5277, P.L. 116–78) ...... * * * Fostering Undergraduate Talent by Unlocking Resources for Education Act (H.R. 5363, P.L. 116–91) ...... ¥997 ¥835 ¥435 National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020 (S. 1790, P.L. 116–92) ...... 34 1,975 5,645 Futher Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2020 (H.R. 1865, P.L. 116–94) f ...... — — — Virginia Beach Strong Act (H.R. 4566, P.L. 116–98) ...... * * * Spokane Tribe of Indians of the Spokane Reservation Equitable Compensation Act (S. 216, P.L. 116–100) ...... * * * Grant Reporting Efficiency and Agreements Transparency Act of 2019 (H.R. 150, P.L. 116–103) ...... * * * TRACED Act (S. 151, P.L. 116–105) ...... * * * Impact on Deficit ...... ¥965 1,140 5,210 ¥965 1,140 5,210 Total Change in Outlays ...... ¥964 1,137 5,202 Total Change in Revenues ...... 1 ¥3 ¥8 Source: Congressional Budget Office. n.a = not applicable; P.L. = public law; — = excluded from PAYGO scorecard; * = between ¥$500,000 and $500,000. a On September 9, 2019, the Chairman of the Senate Committee on the Budget reset the Senate’s Pay-As-You-Go Scorecard to zero for all fiscal years. b The amounts shown represent the estimated effect of the public laws on the deficit. c Excludes off-budget amounts. d The budgetary effects of division B of this act are excluded from the Senate’s PAYGO scorecard, pursuant to sec. 1701(b) of the act. The budgetary effects of division A were fully incorporated into the PAYGO ledger pursuant to the authority provided to the Chairman of the Senate Budget Committee in section 3005 of H. Con. Res. 71 (115th Congress), the concurrent resolution on the budget for fiscal year 2018. The Chairman exercised that authority through filing an adjustment in the Congressional Record on September 26, 2019. e The budgetary effects of division B of this act are excluded from the Senate’s PAYGO scorecard, pursuant to sec. 1801(b) of the act. f The budgetary effects of this act are excluded from the Senate’s PAYGO scorecard, pursuant to section 1001 of Title X of division I of the act.

ENFORCEMENT REPORT OF POINTS OF ORDER RAISED SINCE THE FY 2020 ENFORCEMENT FILING

Vote Date Measure Violation Motion to Waive 1 Result

399 ...... December 17, 2019 ...... Conference Report to Accompany S. 1790, the National Defense 3101-long-term deficits 2 ...... Sen Inhofe (R–OK) ...... 82–12, waived Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2020. 414 ...... December 19, 2019 ...... H.R. 1865, the Further Consolidated Apprioriations Act, 2020 ... 3101-long-term deficits 3 ...... Sen. Shelby (R–AL) ...... 64–30, waived 1 All motions to waive were offered pursuant to section 904 of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974. 2 Senator Enzi raised a 3101(b) point of order against the conference report because the legislation would increase on-budget deficits by more than $5 billion in each of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2030. 3 Senator Enzi raised a 3101(b) point of order against the bill because the legislation would increase on-budget deficits by more than $5 billion in at least one of the four consecutive 10-year periods beginning in 2030.

BUDGET ENFORCEMENT LEVELS agreement that qualify for cap adjust- I ask unanimous consent that the ac- FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020 ments under current statute. companying tables, which provide de- This measure includes $843 million in tails about the adjustment, be printed Mr. ENZI. Mr. President, section 251 budget authority that is designated as in the RECORD. of the Balanced Budget and Emergency being for emergency purposes pursuant Deficit Control Act of 1985, BBEDCA, to section 251(b)(2)(A)(i) of BBEDCA. There being no objection, the mate- establishes statutory limits on discre- The entirety of this budget authority rial was ordered to be printed in the tionary spending and allows for various falls within the revised nonsecurity RECORD, as follows: adjustments to those limits. In addi- category. The Congressional Budget Of- tion, sections 302 and 314(a) of the Con- fice estimates that these appropria- REVISION TO BUDGETARY AGGREGATES tions will result in $334 million in out- (Pursuant to Sections 311 and 314(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of gressional Budget Act of 1974 allow the 1974) chairman of the Budget Committee to lays in fiscal year 2020. establish and make revisions to alloca- As a result of the emergency designa- $s in millions 2020 tions, aggregates, and levels consistent tions, I am revising the budget author- ity and outlay allocations to the Com- Current Spending Aggregates: with those adjustments. Budget Authority ...... 3,816,122 mittee on Appropriations by increasing Outlays ...... 3,733,075 The Senate will soon consider H.R. revised nonsecurity budget authority Adjustments: 5430, United States-Mexico-Canada Budget Authority ...... 843 by $843 million and outlays by $334 mil- Outlays ...... 334 Agreement Implementation Act. This lion in fiscal year 2020. Further, I am Revised Spending Aggregates: measure provides supplemental appro- increasing the budgetary aggregate for Budget Authority ...... 3,816,965 priations to implement the trade fiscal year 2020 by equivalent amounts. Outlays ...... 3,733,409 REVISION TO SPENDING ALLOCATION TO THE COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS FOR FISCAL YEAR 2020 (Pursuant to Sections 302 and 314(a) of the Congressional Budget Act of 1974)

$s in millions 2020

Current Allocation: Revised Security Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 746,000 Revised Nonsecurity Category Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 654,138 General Purpose Outlays ...... 1,416,176 Adjustments: Revised Security Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 0 Revised Nonsecurity Category Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 843 General Purpose Outlays ...... 334 Revised Allocation: Revised Security Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 746,000 Revised Nonsecurity Category Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 654,981 General Purpose Outlays ...... 1,416,510 Program Wildfire Memorandum: Detail of Adjustments Made Above OCO Integrity Disaster Relief Emergency Suppression U.S. Census Total

Revised Security Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Revised Nonsecurity Category Discretionary Budget Authority ...... 0 0 0 843 0 0 843 General Purpose Outlays ...... 0 0 0 334 0 0 334

UNITED STATES-MEXICO-CANADA port for the USMCA, I note that my Back in 1998, the internet was still a TRADE AGREEMENT committee is about to undertake a fledgling industry, so much so that it yearlong review of the Digital Millen- is difficult to recall a time when email Mr. TILLIS. Mr. President, in addi- nium Copyright Act, with the goal of was a novel form of communication tion to my strong and unequivocal sup- modernizing it. and you could go take a coffee break in

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.018 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S240 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 hopes that the web page you wanted fair treatment against American cre- Personnel from the Marine Safety would have fully loaded on your com- ators. It will help ensure that Amer- Detachment in Kodiak helped oversee puter by the time you returned. It was ican music creators are fairly com- and coordinate multiple pollution re- in this era that the DMCA attempted pensated when their recordings are sponses on Kodiak Island last year, in- to strike a reasonable balance between played in Canada and Mexico. cluding responding to a diesel spill in content creators and the operators of Our expectation is that American the Buskin River, and a separate spill online billboards. The DMCA offered performers will see an increase in roy- of Fuel Oil at Kitoi Bay Hatchery. The immunity to new, emerging platforms alty compensation as a result. As it Marine Safety Detachment’s prompt in exchange for reasonable enforce- stands today, Canadian artists receive actions and clean-up expertise helped ment efforts, including quickly taking all royalties due under U.S. law for the keep the island of Kodiak’s rivers and down copyrighted materials they use of sound recordings here. Those coastline beautiful and safe. My sin- learned about violations. In 1998, there royalties totaled nearly a billion dol- cere thanks to Marine Safety Detach- were no iPhones. There was no lars last year for all recordings. ment Kodiak. Facebook and no YouTube. Netflix We afford the recordings of all for- On New Year’s Eve, the search and opened that year as a mail-order DVD eign nationals with the same rights rescue team, including Air Station Ko- store. For a time, the DMCA worked. due for the recordings of American art- diak and the Coast Guard Cutter Mel- President Trump has led the way to ists. In Canada, however, royalties col- lon responded to a sinking fishing ves- establish a new paradigm for trade lected for radio airplay and other non- sel, the F/V Scandies Rose. The crews agreements that protect American in- digital public performances of sound faced 40-knot winds, 15–30 foot seas and terests, and the USMCA provides for recordings made by Americans cur- significantly reduced visibility at the long overdue updates to NAFTA, but rently are NOT shared with the Amer- scene of the sinking. The search and the mechanisms of the DMCA to deter ican performers who create them. rescue team successfully recovered two copyright infringement need to be up- I encourage the administration to en- survivors from a life raft but the five dated. Technology has changed faster sure inclusion of this protection for remaining crew members were lost. My heart goes out to the families and than anyone could have ever imagined, American creators in all trade agree- friends of those lost at sea. The crew of and the existing DMCA simply isn’t ments going forward. American music the Scandies Rose is in my prayers; this able to address these new develop- is by far the most listened to in the accident has hit especially close to ments. The original DMCA was simply world, and we should do all we can to home for Kodiak, which is a tight-knit not designed for the kind of global data ensure our American music creators fishing community, as well as a Coast and advertising platforms that we have are treated fairly by our trade part- Guard City. seen develop over time. As is so often ners. As we mourn the loss of the Scandies the case, the technology has outpaced f Rose, we are incredibly grateful for the the law. efforts of the Coast Guard to rescue the I intend to hold a series of hearings VOTE EXPLANATION survivors in the face of extremely dan- Mr. MARKEY. Mr. President, I was this year to explore whether the DMCA gerous conditions. We see these type of necessarily absent but had I been needs updating in order to promote the heroic actions in movies, but the Coast present, I would have voted no on roll- creative economy in the 21st century. Guard in Alaska operates in dangerous, call vote No. 11, the motion to invoke This work is critical to North Carolina life-threatening conditions every day cloture on the nomination of Peter jobs in the creative sector. For exam- in order to keep Alaskans safe. To the Gaynor, to be Administrator of the ple, the motion picture and television entire search and rescue team, we ap- industry is directly responsible for Federal Emergency Management Agen- plaud you, and Alaska thanks you. more than 19,000 jobs in North Caro- cy. Now, I also want to sincerely thank lina, representing more than $1 billion Mr. President, I was necessarily ab- Base Kodiak, the home of ‘‘Rock Solid in wages in the State. Productions like sent, but had I been present, I would Support.’’ Your work behind the scenes the series ‘‘Reprisal’’ and the upcoming have voted no on rollcall vote No. 12, provides the foundation for all of the film Uncle Frank were made in North confirmation of Peter Gaynor, to be ready and responsive work done by Carolina in 2019. The good, high-wage Administrator of the Federal Emer- those on the front lines. You truly are jobs in the film and television indus- gency Management Agency. the rock solid support that keeps try, from directors, musicians, and ac- f things moving, whether it is the med- tors, to drivers, makeup artists, paint- RECOGNIZING THE UNITED ical and dental clinics keeping over a ers, and set decorators, are at risk if STATES COAST GUARD thousand people healthy; the Morale the products they make lose money Welfare and Recreation team keeping due to internet theft. Ms. MURKOWSKI. Mr. President, I the crew happy and energized—and in Without prejudging what changes rise today to commend the Coast shape—the personnel support staff who may be necessary to the DMCA, it is Guard men and women who serve in recently completed a 5-year effort to important that our future trade agree- Kodiak, AK, a designated Coast Guard increase salaries and close a long over- ments can keep up with the advances City. On February 7, Kodiak’s Chamber due pay gap for wage grade members of U.S. copyright law. I look forward to of Commerce will hold a community- across Alaska; or the facilities engi- working together with my colleagues wide celebration called ‘‘We Applaud neering department, who have im- in the House and Senate and with the You.’’ I want to take a moment to join proved living conditions for Kodiak’s White House to ensure we improve the in applauding the Coast Guard as a most junior Coast Guard members by DMCA and create more export opportu- whole and all the Coast Guard per- converting housing units to allow two nities for U.S. businesses and workers sonnel serving in Alaska, but espe- single members to share them. in the process. As always, our trade cially those based in Kodiak who help It is so important to me that our jun- agreements and our copyright law make our great State a safe place to ior Coast Guard men and women are should do all they can to create good live and work. able to enjoy improved housing ar- incentives and empower market forces Kodiak is a robust Coast Guard City: rangements while away from home, to solve problems. it is homeport for three cutters, fifteen maybe for the first time. Maybe they Mr. President, I applaud the inclu- aircraft, a communications detach- will be so comfortable in Kodiak that sion of national treatment language in ment, the North Pacific Regional Fish- they want to come back to Alaska and this agreement, requiring nondiscrim- eries Training Center, the Aids to call it home. I applaud all 450 personnel inatory treatment of American cre- Navigation Team, and of course, Base of Base Kodiak who keep the Coast ators and their goods. Kodiak. Each of these components Guard operations going. This protects many American goods, serve and protect Alaskans on a daily Finally, I want to take a minute to of course, but I want to make special basis, and I would like to highlight speak to the contributions and sac- note that the inclusion of this provi- some particularly important examples rifice of our Coast Guard families, part- sion in USMCA will help undo one par- of their contributions and service to ners, and spouses. So much of the de- ticular instance of discrimination/un- Alaska. manding work that our Coast Guard

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.006 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S241 men and women do each day is made cans could come together and fully re- years later, these Hoosiers’ tireless ef- possible by the love and support of alize one of our country’s founding forts led to Indiana becoming the 26th their families. This is especially true principles, that all are created equal. State in the Union to ratify the 19th when additional burdens are placed on He pledged himself and inspired others Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, Coast Guard personnel, like we experi- to work toward a more perfect union prohibiting States from denying the enced this time last year, when the and embrace a belief in freedom and right to vote on the basis of sex. Coast Guard was left unpaid during the opportunity for all. He held a faith The centennial of women’s suffrage is 35-day government shutdown. Here in that engaged citizens—from the thou- an opportunity to highlight Indiana’s Congress, I will continue to work with sands who stood with him on the Na- leadership in uniting communities, Senator Sullivan to pass the Pay Our tional Mall in 1963 to the many who tearing down barriers to better rela- Coast Guard Act, which will ensure worked tirelessly years later to estab- tionships, and promoting representa- that a lapse in pay from a government lish a holiday in his name—are the tive governance. On behalf of all Hoo- shutdown never happens again. Our most powerful promoters of positive so- siers, I wish Indiana continued success Coast Guard families deserve nothing cial and economic change. as it commemorates and recognizes a less. One of those engaged citizens was proud history of supporting equality Thank you to the Kodiak Chamber of Rev. Dr. Arthur Hilson of New Hope and constitutional freedom. Commerce for their work to honor our Baptist Church in Portsmouth, NH. A f Coast Guard members in Alaska. I ap- beacon of wisdom and grace, Reverend plaud you as well for your support for Hilson was instrumental in garnering TRIBUTE TO JENNIFER those who serve and for taking the the public support to establish Martin DOUGHERTY time to say thank you and well done to Luther King Jr. Day. He understood Mr. INHOFE. Mr. President, as chair- our Coast Guard Family. that the people we choose to revere can man of the Senate Committee on f send a powerful message to future gen- Armed Services, it is our privilege to erations and that the lifework and pay tribute to Jennifer Dougherty as 20TH ANNIVERSARY OF NEW message of Dr. King must be a part of she prepares to leave her position as a HAMPSHIRE’S FIRST MARTIN LU- the heritage we leave to our children. detailee for the Senate Committee on THER KING JR. DAY CELEBRA- We lost Reverend Hilson last year, but Armed Services and return to her posi- TION we still hold on to cherished memories tion as a Senior Analyst for the Gov- Mrs. SHAHEEN. Mr. President, I rise of a man who, when asked how he was ernment Accountability Office. today in observance of the 20th anni- doing, would always answer, ‘‘Too For the past 12 months, Ms. Dough- versary of New Hampshire’s first Mar- blessed to complain.’’ We are all erty has assisted the committee and its tin Luther King Jr. Day. After legisla- blessed to have known such a loving members with high-priority work on tion was enacted the previous summer, neighbor, determined activist and liv- contracting reform in the National De- Martin Luther King Jr. Day in the year ing embodiment of Dr. King’s teach- fense Authorization Act for 2020 and 2000 was the culmination of a years- ings. overseeing implementation of pre- long struggle to add Dr. King’s name to On behalf of the people of New Hamp- viously enacted acquisition reforms. the State’s official Civil Rights Day shire, I ask my colleagues and all Her contributions to our committee’s holiday. I ask my colleagues and all Americans to join in celebrating Dr. work have been significant and highly Americans to join me in celebrating Martin Luther King Jr. Day and in rec- valued by our members and staff. this recognition of such an influential ognizing Reverend Hilson who was so On behalf of the Senate Committee figure and saluting the men and women dedicated to building Dr. King’s ‘‘Be- on Armed Services, I thank Ms. Dough- who prompted this important and per- loved Community’’ of justice, equality erty and wish her future success as she manent change. and love for all. continues to support the U.S. Govern- This anniversary is personal for me. I f ment. fought alongside so many when I f served in the New Hampshire State RECOGNIZING INDIANA WOMEN’S Senate for an appropriate way to honor SUFFRAGE CENTENNIAL TRIBUTE TO DR. JAMES J. Dr. King, the preeminent leader of the Mr. YOUNG. Mr. President, I rise to NARAMORE civil rights movement. Years later, as formally recognize an important event Mr. BARRASSO. Mr. President, I rise Governor, I was proud to sign the bill that will be occurring in my home today to honor the outstanding career into law that ended New Hampshire’s State of Indiana this week. of Dr. James J. Naramore. For over 40 status as the only State not to recog- On Thursday, January 16, the Indiana years, Jim Naramore dedicated his life nize his birthday as an official holiday. Women’s Suffrage Centennial Commis- to caring for the people of Campbell There were setbacks leading up to that sion will be hosting a celebration at County. triumphant June day, including many the Indiana Statehouse to commemo- Born and raised in Gillette, he is a failed votes in the State legislature; rate the 100th anniversary of Indiana graduate of Campbell County High yet with a sense of resilience typical of ratifying the 19th Amendment. More- School. He earned an undergraduate the movement that Dr. King inspired, over, the Indiana General Assembly degree from John Brown University we persevered and kicked off the new will present a resolution honoring this and earned his medical degree from the millennium in the Granite State by historic milestone and the Hoosiers University of Utah. He completed his celebrating our first Martin Luther who led the way to ensure equal rep- training in family medicine at the Uni- King Jr. Day on January 17, 2000. resentation for women in their govern- versity of Nebraska. It was an exciting time that reflected ment. Gillette was fortunate when Dr. the positive change that many of us As we celebrate the anniversary, it is Naramore came home in 1978 for a tem- had seen in our lifetimes. As a child important we acknowledge that the porary position in the emergency de- growing up in southern Missouri and record of Hoosiers seeking equal voting partment at Campbell County Memo- attending segregated schools, I saw the rights for women goes back to the rial Hospital. He returned permanently daily injustices of life under Jim Crow 1850s, when Amanda Way, a Winchester in 1980 and spent the rest of his career segregation. We have made great native, organized the Indiana Woman’s practicing at Family Health in Gil- strides since then in the march toward Rights Association and called for its lette, while also serving on the medical full equality, and these advancements first convention. This act of passionate staff of the hospital. are the product of Dr. King’s leadership leadership was just the beginning of a In addition, Dr. Naramore understood and the peaceful, nonviolent protest generation-spanning story of deter- the importance of helping others enter movements that he championed. mination, sacrifice, and advocacy. the medical profession. Throughout his Whether writing from inside a jail Countless women and men followed in career, he taught and mentored the cell or speaking from the steps of the Amanda’s footsteps and continued to next generation of Wyoming physi- Lincoln Memorial, Dr. King delivered a campaign for the betterment of their cians. He served as an instructor for stirring message with hope that Ameri- society and government. Nearly 70 the Department of Human Medicine at

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.020 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S242 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 the University of Wyoming Family Ms. Johnson, the Clerk of the House of sia—interfered in the 2016 United States Practice residency, a preceptor for the Representatives, announced that the Presidential election. Creighton University School of Medi- House of Representatives has im- (2) With the same corrupt motives, Presi- cine, and a preceptor for the physician peached for high crimes and mis- dent Trump—acting both directly and assistant training program for both demeanors Donald John Trump, Presi- through his agents within and outside the Creighton University and the Univer- dent of the United States; the House of United States Government—conditioned two sity of Washington. He has also been Representatives adopted articles of im- official acts on the public announcements that he had requested— active in teaching emergency medical peachment against Donald John technician classes. Finally, Dr. Trump, which the managers on the (A) the release of $391 million of United Naramore also has served as president States taxpayer funds that Congress had ap- part of the House of Representatives propriated on a bipartisan basis for the pur- of the Campbell County Medical Soci- have been directed to carry to the Sen- pose of providing vital military and security ety, as well as serving on the Physician ate; and Mr. SCHIFF, Mr. NADLER, Ms. assistance to Ukraine to oppose Russian ag- Advisory Council to the Wyoming LOFGREN, Mr. JEFFRIES, Mrs. DEMINGS, gression and which President Trump had or- Board of Medicine. Mr. CROW, and Ms. GARCIA of Texas, dered suspended; and For Dr. Naramore, practicing family have been appointed such managers. (B) a head of state meeting at the White medicine in Gillette was more than a HOUSE RESOLUTION 755, IN THE HOUSE OF House, which the President of Ukraine profession. As a Gillette native, he un- REPRESENTATIVES, DECEMBER 18, 2019 sought to demonstrate continued United derstood the importance of giving back Resolved, That Donald John Trump, Presi- States support for the Government of to his community. Throughout his ca- dent of the United States, is impeached for Ukraine in the face of Russian aggression. reer, he dedicated countless hours to high crimes and misdemeanors and that the (3) Faced with the public revelation of his making a real difference in his home- following articles of impeachment be exhib- actions, President Trump ultimately re- town. Dr. Naramore participated in the ited to the United States Senate: leased the military and security assistance Gillette Area Leadership Institute, Articles of impeachment exhibited by the to the Government of Ukraine, but has per- served on the board of directors of the House of Representatives of the United sisted in openly and corruptly urging and so- States of America in the name of itself and Campbell County Chamber of Com- liciting Ukraine to undertake investigations of the people of the United States of Amer- for his personal political benefit. merce, and was president of the Razor ica, against Donald John Trump, President These actions were consistent with Presi- City Toast Masters. of the United States of America, in mainte- dent Trump’s previous imitations of foreign Finally, Dr. Naramore has served as nance and support of its impeachment interference in United States elections. president of Campbell County Medical against him for high crimes and mis- Society, as well as serving on the Phy- demeanors. In all of this, President Trump abused the powers of the Presidency by ignoring and in- sician Advisory Council to the Wyo- ARTICLE I: ABUSE OF POWER juring national security and other vital na- The Constitution provides that the House ming Board of Medicine. In addition, tional interests to obtain an improper per- of Representatives ‘‘shall have the sole he held numinous positions at Camp- sonal political benefit. He has also betrayed Power of Impeachment’’ and that the Presi- bell County Memorial Hospital, includ- the Nation by abusing his high office to en- dent ‘‘shall be removed from Office on Im- ing chairman of the Bylaws Com- list a foreign power in corrupting democratic peachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, mittee, chief of the Family Practice elections. Bribery, or other high Crimes and Mis- Department, chief of the Department demeanors’’. In his conduct of the office of Wherefore President Trump, by such con- of Medicine, a member of the Creden- President of the United States—and in viola- duct, has demonstrated that he will remain a tials Committee, the Critical Care tion of his constitutional oath faithfully to threat to national security and the Constitu- Committee. Most importantly he execute the office of President of the United tion if allowed to remain in office, and has served as the hospital’s chief of staff. States and, to the best of his ability, pre- acted in a manner grossly incompatible with In 2019, Campbell County Healthcare serve, protect, and defend the Constitution self-governance and the rule of law. Presi- of the United States, and in violation of his dent Trump thus warrants impeachment and Foundation recognized Jim’s contribu- trial, removal from office, and disqualifica- tions with their Outstanding constitutional duty to take care that the laws be faithfully executed—Donald J. tion to hold and enjoy any office of honor, Healthcare Award. Certainly, Jim’s Trump has abused the powers of the Presi- trust, or profit under the United States. years of service to the health of Gil- dency, in that: ARTICLE II: OBSTRUCTION OF CONGRESS lette and Campbell County made him Using the powers of his high office, Presi- an outstanding choice for this honor. dent Trump solicited the interference of a The Constitution provides that the House With that being said, Jim Naramore foreign government, Ukraine, in the 2020 of Representatives ‘‘shall have the sole is most proud of his outstanding fam- United States Presidential election. He did Power of Impeachment’’ and that the Presi- ily. His wife Karen has been at his side so through a scheme or course of conduct dent ‘‘shall be removed from Office on Im- for over 47 years. Together they raised that included soliciting the Government of peachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Ukraine to publicly announce investigations Bribery, or other high Crimes and Mis- four children: Lindsay, Marissa, Jes- that would benefit his reelection, harm the demeanors’’. In his conduct of the office of sica, and Marcus. Now they are enjoy- election prospects of a political opponent, President of the United States—and in viola- ing their six grandchildren. and influence the 2020 United States Presi- tion of his constitutional oath faithfully to Mr. President, it is my honor to rec- dential election to his advantage. President execute the office of President of the United ognize the outstanding career of Dr. Trump also sought to pressure the Govern- States and, to the best of his ability, pre- James Naramore. Wyoming is fortu- ment of Ukraine to take these steps by con- serve, protect, and defend the Constitution nate to have physicians like Jim who ditioning official United States Government of the United States, and in violation of his go above and beyond to improve the acts of significant value to Ukraine on its constitutional duty to take care that the public announcement of the investigations. health of their community. laws be faithfully executed—Donald J. President Trump engaged in this scheme or Trump has directed the unprecedented, cat- f course of conduct for corrupt purposes in egorical, and indiscriminate defiance of sub- pursuit of personal political benefit. In so poenas issued by the House of Representa- MESSAGES FROM THE HOUSE doing, President Trump used the powers of tives pursuant to its ‘‘sole Power of Im- At 11:15 a.m., a message from the the Presidency in a manner that com- peachment’’. President Trump has abused House of Representatives, delivered by promised the national security of the United the powers of the Presidency in a manner of- Mrs. Cole, one of its reading clerks, an- States and undermined the integrity of the fensive to, and subversive of, the Constitu- United States democratic process. He thus tion, in that: nounced that pursuant to 28 U.S.C. ignored and injured the interests of the Na- 629(b), and the order of the House of The House of Representatives has engaged tion. in an impeachment inquiry focused on Presi- January 3, 2019, the Speaker appoints President Trump engaged in this scheme or dent Trump’s corrupt solicitation of the the following individuals to the Board course of conduct through the following Government of Ukraine to interfere in the means: of the Federal Judicial Center Founda- 2020 United States Presidential election. As (1) President Trump—acting both directly tion on the part of the House of Rep- part of this impeachment inquiry, the Com- and through his agents within and outside resentatives for a term of 5 years: Ms. mittees undertaking the investigation the United States Government—corruptly served subpoenas seeking documents and tes- Elizabeth J. Cabraser of Sebastopol, solicited the Government of Ukraine to pub- timony deemed vital to the inquiry from var- California and Mr. Peter A. Kraus of licly announce investigations into— Dallas, Texas. (A) a political opponent, former Vice Presi- ious Executive Branch agencies and offices, dent Joseph R. Biden, Jr.; and and current and former officials. At 5:36 p.m., a message from the (B) a discredited theory promoted by Rus- In response, without lawful cause or ex- House of Representatives, delivered by sia alleging that Ukraine—rather than Rus- cuse, President rump directed Executive

VerDate Sep 11 2014 19:13 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\RECORD20\JANUARY\S15JA0.REC S15JA0 sradovich on DSKJLST7X2PROD with CONG-REC-ONLINE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S243 Branch agencies, offices, and officials not to (1) Employing legal, clerical and other nec- tion and Energy Efficiency, Department of comply with those subpoenas. President essary assistants and incurring such other Energy, transmitting, pursuant to law, the Trump thus interposed the powers of the expenses as may be necessary, to be paid report of a rule entitled ‘‘Energy Conserva- Presidency against the lawful subpoenas of from amounts available to the Committee on tion Program: Energy Conservation Stand- the House of Representatives, and assumed the Judiciary under applicable expense reso- ards for Uninterruptible Power Supplies’’ to himself functions and judgments nec- lutions or from the applicable accounts of ((RIN1904–AD69) (10 CFR Part 430)) received essary to the exercise of the ‘‘sole Power of the House of Representatives. in the Office of the President of the Senate Impeachment’’ vested by the Constitution in (2) Sending for persons and papers, and fil- on January 14, 2020; to the Committee on En- the House of Representatives. ing with the Secretary of the Senate, on the ergy and Natural Resources. President Trump abused the powers of his part of the House of Representatives, any EC–3760. A communication from the Assist- high office through the following means: pleadings, in conjunction with or subsequent ant General Counsel for Legislation, Regula- (1) Directing the White House to defy a to, the exhibition of the articles of impeach- tion and Energy Efficiency, Department of lawful subpoena by withholding the produc- ment that the managers consider necessary. Energy, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Energy Conserva- tion of documents sought therein by the f Committees. tion Program: Energy Conservation Stand- (2) Directing other Executive Branch agen- MEASURES PLACED ON THE ards for Air Compressors’’ ((RIN1904–AC83) cies and offices to defy lawful subpoenas and CALENDAR (10 CFR Parts 429 and 431)) received in the withhold the production of documents and Office of the President of the Senate on Jan- records from the Committees—in response to The following bill was read the sec- uary 14, 2020; to the Committee on Energy which the Department of State, Office of ond time, and placed on the calendar: and Natural Resources. Management and Budget, Department of En- S. 3193. A bill to amend the Controlled Sub- EC–3761. A communication from the Chief ergy, and Department of Defense refused to stances Act to list fentanyl-related sub- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, produce a single document or record. stances as schedule I controlled substances, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the (3) Directing current and former Executive and for other purposes. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Notice regarding Branch officials not to cooperate with the f Committees—in response to which nine Ad- the 2020 optimal standard mileage rates’’ ministration officials defied subpoenas for EXECUTIVE AND OTHER (Notice 2020–5) received in the Office of the testimony, namely John Michael ‘‘Mick’’ COMMUNICATIONS President of the Senate on January 14, 2020; to the Committee on Finance. Mulvaney, Robert B. Blair, John A. The following communications were EC–3762. A communication from the Chief Eisenberg, Michael Ellis, Preston Wells Grif- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, fith, Russell T. Vought, Michael Duffey, laid before the Senate, together with accompanying papers, reports, and doc- Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Brian McCormack, and T. Ulrich Brechbuhl. Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the These actions were consistent with Presi- uments, and were referred as indicated: report of a rule entitled ‘‘Update to Revenue dent Trump’s previous efforts to undermine EC–3753. A communication from the Acting Procedure 2019–4’’ (Notice 2020–4) received in United States Government investigations Secretary of Homeland Security, transmit- the Office of the President of the Senate on into foreign interference in United States ting, pursuant to law, a letter reporting January 14, 2020; to the Committee on Fi- elections. Antideficiency Act (ADA) Violations; to the nance. Through these actions, President Trump Committee on Appropriations. EC–3763. A communication from the Chief sought to arrogate to himself the right to de- EC–3754. A communication from the Pro- of the Publications and Regulations Branch, termine the propriety, scope, and nature of gram Specialist, Office of the Comptroller of Internal Revenue Service, Department of the an impeachment inquiry into his own con- the Currency, Department of the Treasury, Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the duct, as well as the unilateral prerogative to transmitting, pursuant to law, the report of report of a rule entitled ‘‘Treasury Decision deny any and all information to the House of a rule entitled ‘‘Community Reinvestment (TD): Chapter 4 Regulations Relating to Representatives in the exercise of its ‘‘sole Act Regulations’’ (RIN1557–AE72) received in Verification and Certification Requirements Power of Impeachment’’. In the history of the Office of the President of the Senate on for Certain Entities and Reporting by For- the Republic, no President has ever ordered January 13, 2020; to the Committee on Bank- eign Financial Institutions’’ (RIN1545–BN73) the complete defiance of an impeachment in- ing, Housing, and Urban Affairs. received in the Office of the President of the quiry or sought to obstruct and impede so EC–3755. A communication from the Direc- Senate on January 14, 2020; to the Com- comprehensively the ability of the House of tor, Bureau of Consumer Financial Protec- mittee on Finance. Representatives to investigate ‘‘high Crimes tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, a policy EC–3764. A communication from the Chief and Misdemeanors’’. This abuse of office statement entitled ‘‘Policy Statement on of the Publications and Regulations Branch, served to cover up the President’s own re- Compliance Aids’’ received in the Office of Internal Revenue Service, Department of the peated misconduct and to seize and control the President of the Senate on January 14, Treasury, transmitting, pursuant to law, the the power of impeachment—and thus to nul- 2020; to the Committee on Banking, Housing, report of a rule entitled ‘‘Investing in Quali- lify a vital constitutional safeguard vested and Urban Affairs. fied Opportunity Funds’’ (RIN1545–BP04) re- solely in the House of Representatives. EC–3756. A communication from the Senior ceived in the Office of the President of the In all of this, President Trump has acted in Counsel, Legal Division, Bureau of Consumer Senate on January 15, 2020; to the Com- a manner contrary to his trust as President Financial Protection, transmitting, pursu- mittee on Finance. and subversive of constitutional government, ant to law, the report of a rule entitled EC–3765. A communication from the Assist- to the great prejudice of the cause of law and ‘‘Civil Penalty Inflation Adjustments’’ (12 ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- justice, and to the manifest injury of the CFR Part 1083) received in the Office of the ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to people of the United States. President of the Senate on January 14, 2020; section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, the certification of a proposed license for the Wherefore; President Trump, by such con- to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and export of defense articles, including tech- duct, has demonstrated that he will remain a Urban Affairs . nical data and defense services, to Norway to threat to the Constitution if allowed to re- EC–3757. A communication from the Assist- support the manufacture, production, test, main in office, and has acted in a manner ant General Counsel for Legislation, Regula- and inspection of vertical tail control sur- grossly incompatible with self-governance tion and Energy Efficiency, Department of faces and conventional edges, composite sub- and the rule of law. President Trump thus Energy, transmitting, pursuant to law, the warrants impeachment and trial, removal assemblies, and structural parts for the F–35 report of a rule entitled ‘‘Energy Conserva- JSF aircraft in the amount of $100,000,000 or from office, and disqualification to hold and tion Program: Energy Conservation Stand- enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit more (Transmittal No. DDTC 19–061); to the ards for Portable Air Conditioners’’ Committee on Foreign Relations. under the United States. ((RIN1904–AD02) (10 CFR Parts 429 and 430)) EC–3766. A communication from the Assist- received in the Office of the President of the ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- HOUSE RESOLUTION 798, IN THE HOUSE OF Senate on January 14, 2020; to the Com- ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to REPRESENTATIVES, JANUARY 15, 2020 mittee on Energy and Natural Resources. section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, Resolved, That Mr. Schiff, Mr. Nadler, Ms. EC–3758. A communication from the Assist- the certification of a proposed license for the Lofgren, Mr. Jeffries, Mrs. Demings, Mr. ant General Counsel for Legislation, Regula- export of defense articles, including tech- Crow, and Ms. Garcia of Texas are appointed tion and Energy Efficiency, Department of nical data and defense services, to the UK to managers to conduct the impeachment trial Energy, transmitting, pursuant to law, the support the design, development, assembly, against Donald John Trump, President of the report of a rule entitled ‘‘Energy Conserva- testing, qualification, manufacture, and re- United States, that a message be sent to the tion Program: Energy Conservation Stand- pair of various parts and components used to Senate to inform the Senate of these ap- ards for Commercial Packaged Boilers’’ manufacture the Joint Strike Fighter pointments, and that the managers so ap- ((RIN1904–AD01) (10 CFR Part 431)) received LiftSystem in the amount of $100,000,000 or pointed may, in connection with the prepara- in the Office of the President of the Senate more (Transmittal No. DDTC 19–025); to the tion and the conduct of the trial, exhibit the on January 14, 2020; to the Committee on En- Committee on Foreign Relations. articles of impeachment to the Senate and ergy and Natural Resources. EC–3767. A communication from the Assist- take all other actions necessary, which may EC–3759. A communication from the Assist- ant Secretary, Legislative Affairs, Depart- include the following: ant General Counsel for Legislation, Regula- ment of State, transmitting, pursuant to

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.024 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S244 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 section 36(c) of the Arms Export Control Act, Whereas, TSA also permits ice packs, S. 2971. A bill to amend and reauthorize the the certification of a proposed license for the freezer packs, frozen gel packs, and other ac- Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act, export of firearms, parts, and components cessories required to cool breast milk to pass and for other purposes. abroad controlled under Category I of the through the security checkpoint in airports; By Mr. GRASSLEY, (from the Committee U.S. Munitions List of 9mm semi-automatic and on Finance), and on behalf of Mr. Alexander pistols to Thailand in the amount of Whereas, In spite of these TSA policies, (from the Committee on Health, Education, $1,000,000 or more (Transmittal No. DDTC 19– some airlines still prevent passengers from Labor, and Pensions), Mr. Barrasso (from the 051); to the Committee on Foreign Relations. carrying breast milk onto aircraft or prevent Committee on Environment and Public EC–3768. A communication from the Senior breastfeeding mothers from carrying breast Works), Mr. Shelby (from the Committee on Procurement Executive, Office of Acquisi- pumps onto aircraft by counting breast Appropriations), Mr. Risch (from the Com- tion Policy, General Services Administra- pumps against the airline’s carry-on limits; mittee on Foreign Relations), Mr. Wicker tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- and (from the Committee on Commerce, Science, port of a rule entitled ‘‘Federal Acquisition Whereas, There is no federal law that pro- and Transportation), and Mr. Enzi (from the Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular hibits an airline from counting breast milk Committee on the Budget), jointly, without 2020–04, Small Entity Compliance Guide’’ ((48 or breast pumps against the airline’s carry- amendment: CFR Chapter 1) (FAC 2020–04)) received in the on limit or restricting passengers from car- H.R. 5430. An act to implement the Agree- Office of the President of the Senate on Jan- rying breast milk onto aircraft; and ment between the United States of America, uary 14, 2020; to the Committee on Homeland Whereas, These airline policies create bar- the United Mexican States, and Canada at- Security and Governmental Affairs. riers for parents to feed infants and toddlers tached as an Annex to the Protocol Replac- EC–3769. A communication from the Senior while traveling and create health risks for ing the North American Free Trade Agree- Procurement Executive, Office of Acquisi- breastfeeding mothers who are prevented ment. tion Policy, General Services Administra- from expressing milk for extended periods of f tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- time while traveling; Now, therefore, be it port of a rule entitled ‘‘Federal Acquisition Resolved by the General Assembly of the State EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF Regulation; Trade Agreements Thresholds’’ of New Jersey: COMMITTEE ((48 CFR Parts 22, 25, and 52) (FAC 2020–04)) 1. This House urges the President and the The following executive reports of received in the Office of the President of the Congress of the United States to enact a law nominations were submitted: Senate on January 14, 2020; to the Com- prohibiting an airline from counting breast By Mr. RISCH for the Committee on For- mittee on Homeland Security and Govern- milk or breast pumps against the airline’s eign Relations. mental Affairs. carry-on limit or restricting passengers from John Hennessey-Niland, of Illinois, a Ca- EC–3770. A communication from the Senior carrying breast milk onto aircraft. reer Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Procurement Executive, Office of Acquisi- 2. Copies of this resolution, as filed with Class of Counselor, to be Ambassador Ex- tion Policy, General Services Administra- the Secretary of State, shall be transmitted traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the tion, transmitting, pursuant to law, the re- by the Clerk of the General Assembly to the United States of America to the Republic of port of a rule entitled ‘‘Federal Acquisition President of the United States, the President of the United States Senate, the Speaker of Palau. Regulation; Federal Acquisition Circular Nominee: John Hennessey-Niland. the United States House of Representatives, 2020–04, Introduction’’ ((48 CFR Chapter 1) Post: Republic of Palau. (FAC 2020–04)) received in the Office of the the Majority and Minority Leaders of the (The following is a list of all members of President of the Senate on January 14, 2020; United States Senate and United States my immediate family and their spouses. I to the Committee on Homeland Security and House of Representatives, and each member have asked each of these persons to inform Governmental Affairs. of the United States Congress elected from me of the pertinent contributions made by this State. f them. To the best of my knowledge, the in- POM–176. A resolution adopted by the formation contained in this report is com- PETITIONS AND MEMORIALS Board of Supervisors of the City and County plete and accurate.) The following petitions and memo- of San Francisco, California, urging the Contributions, amount, date, and donee: United States Congress to enact H.R. 763 The rials were laid before the Senate and 1. Self: None. Energy and Carbon Dividend Act of 2019; to 2. Spouse: Julie Hennessey-Niland, None. were referred or ordered to lie on the the Committee on Finance. 3. Children and Spouses: Connor table as indicated: POM–177. A resolution adopted by the Hennessey-Niland, None; Aidan Hennessey- POM–175. A resolution adopted by the Gen- Common Council of Hammond, Indiana, sup- Niland, None (no spouses). eral Assembly of the State of New Jersey porting the Deferred Action for Childhood 4. Parents: John Niland—Deceased; Julia urging the United States Congress and the Arrivals (DACA) and the Dream Act; to the Niland—Deceased. President of the United States to enact legis- Committee on the Judiciary. 5. Grandparents: John Niland—Deceased; lation prohibiting airlines from counting f Katherine O’Brien—Deceased. breast milk or breast pumps against the air- 6. Brothers and Spouses: James Niland: line’s carry-on limit and prohibiting airlines REPORTS OF COMMITTEES $1.00, 02/03/2017, ACTBLUE; $5.00, 02/03/2017, from restricting passengers from carrying The following reports of committees ACTBLUE; $5.00, 02/03/2017, Dibble for Con- breast milk onto the aircraft; to the Com- were submitted: gress; $250.00, 01/18/2017, Dibble for Congress; mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transpor- $80.00, 06/09/2015, American Federation of By Ms. MURKOWSKI, from the Committee tation. State, County & Municipal Employees on Energy and Natural Resources: (AFSCME); $160, 05/13/2015, AFSCME; $160.00, ASSEMBLY RESOLUTION NO. 244 Report to accompany S. 1739, a bill to en- 04/10/2015, AFSCME; $160.00, 03/17/2015, Whereas, More than 80 percent of mothers able projects that will aid in the develop- AFSCME; $500.00, 03/02/2015, Minnesota breastfeed their infants during the first six ment and delivery of related instruction as- Democratic Farmer Labor Party; $160.00, 02/ months of the child’s life; and sociated with apprenticeship and 13/2015, AFSCME. Elizabeth Nerud (spouse), Whereas, No matter what they are doing or preapprenticeship programs that are focused none. Thomas Niland, none (no spouse). where they are, breastfeeding mothers need on serving the skilled technical workforce at 7. Sisters and Spouses: Deirdre Washburn, to express milk every few hours in order to the National Laboratories and certain facili- none; Tom Washburn (spouse): $20, 08/01/2016, keep up their milk supply and to prevent in- ties of the National Nuclear Security Admin- Donald J. Trump for President, Inc. Collette fection known as mastitis; and istration, and for other purposes (Rept. No. Niland: $25, 06/27/2019, ACTBLUE; $10, 04/13/ Whereas, On October 5, 2018, the President 116–205). 2019, ACTBLUE; $27.50, 02/13/2019, ACTBLUE; of the United States signed into law a five- By Mr. HOEVEN, from the Committee on $10, 11/04/2018, ACTBLUE; $5, 06/30/2018, year reauthorization of the Federal Aviation Indian Affairs, with an amendment in the ACTBLUE; $22, 03/31/2016, ACTBLUE. Administration, which included language nature of a substitute: that requires airports to provide lactation S. 227. A bill to direct the Attorney Gen- Donald Wright, of Virginia, a Career Mem- rooms that are accessible to the public; and eral to review, revise, and develop law en- ber of the Senior Executive Service, to be Whereas, In spite of this federal law and forcement and justice protocols appropriate Ambassador Extraordinary and Pleni- laws in all 50 states that specifically allow to address missing and murdered Indians, potentiary of the United States of America breastfeeding in any public or private loca- and for other purposes (Rept. No. 116–206). to the United Republic of Tanzania. tion, breastfeeding mothers have continued By Mr. SHELBY, from the Committee on Nominee: Donald John Wright. to face barriers, even harassment, when Appropriations: Post: Tanzania. breastfeeding or attempting to breastfeed in Special Report entitled ‘‘Further Revised (The following is a list of all members of public places; and Allocation to Subcommittees of Budget To- my immediate family and their spouses. I Whereas, The Transportation Security Ad- tals for Fiscal Year 2020’’ (Rept. No. 116–207). have asked each of these persons to inform ministration (TSA) permits breast pumps By Mr. ALEXANDER, from the Committee me of the pertinent contributions made by and breast milk for infants or toddlers in on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, them. To the best of my knowledge, the in- reasonable quantities to pass through the se- with an amendment in the nature of a sub- formation contained in this report is com- curity checkpoint in airports; and stitute: plete and accurate.)

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.015 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S245 Contributions, amount, date, and donee: (The following is a list of all members of S. 3198. A bill to authorize a pilot program 1. Self: None in last 5 yrs. my immediate family and their spouses. I to expand and intensify surveillance of self- 2. Spouse: $250.00, 2–7–18, Josh Hawley. have asked each of these persons, except as harm in partnership with State and local Katherine Wright: $250.00, 10–7–18, Josh noted below, to inform me of the pertinent public health departments, to establish a Hawley. contributions made by them. To the best of grant program to provide self-harm and sui- 3. Children and Spouses: None. my knowledge, the information contained in cide prevention services in hospital emer- 4. Parents: Deceased. this report is complete and accurate.) gency departments, and for other purposes; 5. Grandparents: Deceased. Contributions, amount, date, and donee: to the Committee on Health, Education, 6. Brothers and Spouses: No Brothers. 1. Self: Todd Chapman, None. Labor, and Pensions . 7. Sisters and Spouses: Anna Langley: 2. Spouse: Janetta Chapman, None. By Mr. CORNYN (for himself and Ms. $100.00, Summer 2019, Joe Biden; Walter 3. Children and Spouses: Joshua Chapman SINEMA): Langley: None; Debra Veazey: None; Randy (son), None; Jason Chapman (son), None; S. 3199. A bill to amend section 7 of the Veazey: None. Brooke Danielle Chapman (wife of Jason), Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 to ensure None. appropriate compensation for certain hours Dorothy Shea, of North Carolina, a Career 4. Parents: Bob Chapman (father, deceased of overtime work by border patrol agents; to Member of the Senior Foreign Service, Class 2007); Marilyn Chapman (mother, deceased the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, of Minister-Counselor, to be Ambassador Ex- 2016). and Pensions. traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the 5. Grandparents: Willie May and William By Mr. THUNE (for himself, Mr. CAR- United States of America to the Lebanese Chapman, Hulda and Walther Thieme (all PER, Mr. CRAMER, Ms. SMITH, Ms. Republic. four grandparents deceased for over 25 MCSALLY, and Ms. SINEMA): Nominee: Dorothy Camille Shea. years). S. 3200. A bill to amend the Internal Rev- Post: U.S. Ambassador to the Lebanese Re- 6. Brothers and Spouses: No brothers. enue Code of 1986 to permit high deductible public. 7. Sisters and Spouses: My sisters and their health plans to provide chronic disease pre- (The following is a list of all members of spouses do not choose to be in communica- vention services to plan enrollees prior to my immediate family and their spouses. I tion with me on such matters. A review of satisfying their plan deductible; to the Com- have asked each of these persons to inform the FEC records shows political contribu- mittee on Finance. me of the pertinent contributions made by tions only by Ava Chapman within the last f them. To the best of my knowledge, the in- five years. Ava Michelle Chapman (sister): SUBMISSION OF CONCURRENT AND formation contained in this report is com- $5.00, 2/22/2018, ACTBLUE–Virginia; $5.00, 10/ plete and accurate.) 14/2018, ACTBLUE–Virginia; $25.00, 10/14/2018; SENATE RESOLUTIONS Contributions, amount, date, donee: ACTBLUE–Virginia. Bonnie Neighbour The following concurrent resolutions 1. Self: None. (spouse of Ava), none; Shawn Chapman and Senate resolutions were read, and 2. Spouse: N/A. French (sister), none; Jerry French (spouse referred (or acted upon), as indicated: 3. Children and Spouses: N/A. of Shawn), none. By Ms. STABENOW (for herself, Mr. 4. Parents: Audrey Martin Shea: (Deceased f PETERS, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BROWN, for more than four years); Brandan Bowler Mr. DURBIN, Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mrs. Shea, Sr.: (Deceased for more than four INTRODUCTION OF BILLS AND GILLIBRAND, and Ms. KLOBUCHAR): years); John Lexcen: (Deceased for more JOINT RESOLUTIONS S. Res. 470. A resolution expressing the than four years) (stepfather); Ralph Amos sense of the Senate that the President and Mawyer: None (Deceased) (stepfather). The following bills and joint resolu- tions were introduced, read the first the Secretary of State should ensure that 5. Grandparents: Dennis Clement Shea: the Government of Canada does not perma- (Deceased for more than four years); Marie and second times by unanimous con- nently store nuclear waste in the Great Lake Shea: (Deceased for more than four years); sent, and referred as indicated: Basin; to the Committee on Foreign Rela- Camille Martin: (Deceased for more than By Ms. ROSEN (for herself and Ms. tions. four years); Patrick Martin: (Deceased for MURKOWSKI): By Mr. MCCONNELL: more than four years). S. 3194. A bill to establish a program ensur- S. Res. 471. A resolution authorizing the 6. Brothers and Spouses: Brandan Bowler ing access to accredited continuing medical taking of a photograph in the Chamber of Shea, Jr.: None. June Shea (separated): education for primary care physicians and the United States Senate; considered and None. Martin Dennis Shea: $25.00, 09/25/2015, other health care providers at Federally- agreed to. Act Blue; $10.00, 03/08/2016, Act Blue; $10.00, qualified health centers and rural health By Mr. CASSIDY: 03/08/2016, Patty Judge for Iowa. Lilian Shea clinics, to provide training and clinical sup- S. Res. 472. A resolution commending the (ex wife) $300.00, 06/27/2019, John Walsh for port for primary care providers to practice Louisiana State University Tigers football Colorado. Stephen Fennessy Shea: $27.00, 08/ at their full scope and improve access to care team for winning the 2020 College Football 08/2019, Act Blue (314 Action Fund); $25.00, 08/ for patients in underserved areas; to the Playoff National Championship; considered 08/2019, Act Blue (Amy McGrath); $25.00, 08/08/ Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and and agreed to. 2019, Act Blue (Jaime Harrison); $25.00, 07/31/ Pensions. By Mr. MANCHIN (for himself and Mrs. 2019, Act Blue (Dan McCready); $25.00, 07/05/ By Mr. CASSIDY (for himself and Mr. CAPITO): S. Res. 473. A resolution congratulating the 2019, Act Blue (Cal Cunningham); $25.00, TESTER): $25.00, 06/19/2019, Act Blue (Roy Cooper); S. 3195. A bill to require the Secretary of University of Charleston men’s soccer team $25.00, 06/19/2019, Act Blue (Cal Cunningham); Defense and the Secretary of Veterans Af- for winning the National Collegiate Athletic $20.20, 06/03/2019, Act Blue (Seth Moulton); fairs to review the records of former mem- Association Division II Men’s Soccer Cham- $1.00, 04/13/2019, Act Blue (Julian Castro); bers of the Armed Forces who die by suicide pionship at Highmark Stadium in Pitts- $3.00, 04/05/2019, Act Blue (Jay Inslee); $25.00, within one year of separation from the burgh, Pennsylvania; considered and agreed 03/30/2019, Act Blue (Jay Inslee). Armed Forces and to require the Secretary to. Anne Shea (wife): $35.00, 09/20/2019, Act Blue of Veterans Affairs to submit a report on the By Mr. DAINES (for himself, Mr. (Elizabeth Warren); $25.00, 06/02/2019, Act REACH VET program; to the Committee on LANKFORD, Mr. BLUNT, Mrs. BLACK- Blue (Elizabeth Warren); $3.00, 04/05/2019, Act Veterans’ Affairs. BURN, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. RISCH, Mr. Blue (Jay Inslee); $25.00, 03/30/2019, Act Blue By Mr. KENNEDY (for himself and Mr. HAWLEY, Mr. CASSIDY, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. INHOFE, Mr. COTTON, Mr. BRAUN, Mr. (Jay Inslee); $25.00, 02/22/2019, Act Blue (Dan BOOKER): McCready); $25.00, 10/05/2018 ,Act Blue; $37.00, S. 3196. A bill to conserve global bear popu- CRAMER, Mr. SCOTT of South Caro- 12/02/2016, Hillary for America. lations by prohibiting the importation, ex- lina, and Mr. SCOTT of Florida): S. Con. Res. 34. A concurrent resolution af- 7. Sisters and Spouses: Kathleen Ann Shea: portation, and interstate trade of bear firming the importance of religious freedom None; Margaret Shea Burnham: None; Ash- viscera and items, products, or substances as a fundamental human right that is essen- ley Burnham (husb): None. containing, or labeled or advertised as con- tial to a free society and protected for all taining, bear viscera, and for other purposes; people of the United States under the Con- Todd C. Chapman, of Texas, a Career Mem- to the Committee on Environment and Pub- stitution of the United States, and recog- ber of the Senior Foreign Service, Class of lic Works. nizing the 234th anniversary of the enact- Minister-Counselor, to be Ambassador Ex- By Mr. MARKEY (for himself, Ms. ment of the Virginia Statute for Religious traordinary and Plenipotentiary of the WARREN, Mr. VAN HOLLEN, and Mr. Freedom; to the Committee on the Judici- United States of America to the Federative RUBIO): ary. Republic of Brazil. S. 3197. A bill to revoke or deny visas to (Nominations without an asterisk were re- Chinese officials involved in the formulation f ported with the recommendation that they or execution of a policy that prevents inno- ADDITIONAL COSPONSORS be confirmed.) cent United States citizens from leaving Nominee: Todd Crawford Chapman. China; to the Committee on the Judiciary. S. 39 Post: U.S. Ambassador to the Federative By Mr. REED (for himself and Mr. KEN- At the request of Mr. BRAUN, the Republic of Brazil. NEDY): name of the Senator from Georgia (Mr.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.041 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S246 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 PERDUE) was added as a cosponsor of S. terials to win the war, that were re- Richard B. Russell National School 39, a bill to provide that Members of ferred to as ‘‘Rosie the Riveter’’, in Lunch Act to improve the efficiency of Congress may not receive pay after Oc- recognition of their contributions to summer meals. tober 1 of any fiscal year in which Con- the United States and the inspiration S. 2112 gress has not approved a concurrent they have provided to ensuing genera- At the request of Ms. HARRIS, the resolution on the budget and passed tions. name of the Senator from Massachu- the regular appropriations bills. S. 933 setts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a co- S. 117 At the request of Mr. WHITEHOUSE, sponsor of S. 2112, a bill to enhance the At the request of Mr. SCHUMER, the the name of the Senator from Maine rights of domestic workers, and for name of the Senator from Connecticut (Mr. KING) was added as a cosponsor of other purposes. (Mr. MURPHY) was added as a cosponsor S. 933, a bill to improve data collection S. 2216 of S. 117, a bill to prohibit discrimina- and monitoring of the Great Lakes, At the request of Mr. PETERS, the tion against individuals with disabil- oceans, bays, estuaries, and coasts, and name of the Senator from Connecticut ities who need long-term services and for other purposes. (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) was added as a co- supports, and for other purposes. S. 1088 sponsor of S. 2216, a bill to require the S. 578 At the request of Mr. MARKEY, the Secretary of Veterans Affairs to for- At the request of Mr. WHITEHOUSE, name of the Senator from Colorado mally recognize caregivers of veterans, the names of the Senator from Illinois (Mr. BENNET) was added as a cosponsor notify veterans and caregivers of clin- (Mr. DURBIN) and the Senator from of S. 1088, a bill to amend the Immigra- ical determinations relating to eligi- Washington (Mrs. MURRAY) were added tion and Nationality Act to require the bility for caregiver programs, and tem- as cosponsors of S. 578, a bill to amend President to set a minimum annual porarily extend benefits for veterans title II of the Social Security Act to goal for the number of refugees to be who are determined ineligible for the eliminate the five-month waiting pe- admitted, and for other purposes. family caregiver program, and for riod for disability insurance benefits S. 1257 other purposes. under such title for individuals with At the request of Mr. CRAMER, the S. 2233 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. name of the Senator from Michigan At the request of Mr. SCHATZ, the S. 642 (Mr. PETERS) was added as a cosponsor names of the Senator from Nevada (Ms. At the request of Mr. ALEXANDER, the of S. 1257, a bill to amend the Internal ROSEN), the Senator from Delaware names of the Senator from Arkansas Revenue Code of 1986 to expand tax-free (Mr. CARPER) and the Senator from (Mr. COTTON) and the Senator from distributions from individual retire- Massachusetts (Mr. MARKEY) were Pennsylvania (Mr. CASEY) were added ment accounts to include rollovers for added as cosponsors of S. 2233, a bill to as cosponsors of S. 642, a bill to award charitable life-income plans for chari- nullify the effect of the recent execu- a Congressional Gold Medal to Master table purposes. tive order that requires Federal agen- Sergeant Rodrick ‘‘Roddie’’ Edmonds S. 1258 cies to share citizenship data. in recognition of his heroic actions At the request of Mr. SCHATZ, the S. 2246 during World War II. names of the Senator from Hawaii (Ms. At the request of Mr. MORAN, the S. 762 HIRONO), the Senator from Connecticut name of the Senator from Ohio (Mr. At the request of Mr. MORAN, the (Mr. BLUMENTHAL), the Senator from BROWN) was added as a cosponsor of S. name of the Senator from Alabama Rhode Island (Mr. WHITEHOUSE), the 2246, a bill to amend titles XVIII and (Mr. JONES) was added as a cosponsor Senator from New York (Mrs. GILLI- XIX of the Social Security Act to pro- of S. 762, a bill to provide for funding BRAND), the Senator from New Hamp- vide equal coverage of in vitro specific from the Airport and Airway Trust shire (Mrs. SHAHEEN), the Senator from IgE tests and percutaneous tests for al- Fund for all Federal Aviation Adminis- Maryland (Mr. CARDIN), the Senator lergies under the Medicare and Med- tration activities in the event of a Gov- from Vermont (Mr. LEAHY), the Sen- icaid programs, and for other purposes. ernment shutdown, and for other pur- ator from Delaware (Mr. CARPER) and S. 2321 poses. the Senator from Maryland (Mr. VAN At the request of Mr. BLUNT, the S. 778 HOLLEN) were added as cosponsors of S. names of the Senator from Georgia At the request of Ms. MURKOWSKI, the 1258, a bill to prohibit the sale of to- (Mrs. LOEFFLER), the Senator from name of the Senator from Maryland bacco products to individuals under the Florida (Mr. SCOTT), the Senator from (Mr. CARDIN) was added as a cosponsor age of 21. South Carolina (Mr. SCOTT), the Sen- of S. 778, a bill to direct the Secretary S. 1757 ator from South Dakota (Mr. THUNE), of Commerce, acting through the Ad- At the request of Ms. ERNST, the the Senator from Mississippi (Mr. ministrator of the National Oceanic name of the Senator from Alabama WICKER), the Senator from Oklahoma and Atmospheric Administration, to (Mr. JONES) was added as a cosponsor (Mr. INHOFE), the Senator from Ala- conduct coastal community vulner- of S. 1757, a bill to award a Congres- bama (Mr. SHELBY), the Senator from ability assessments related to ocean sional Gold Medal, collectively, to the Texas (Mr. CORNYN), the Senator from acidification, and for other purposes. United States Army Rangers Veterans Indiana (Mr. BRAUN), the Senator from S. 849 of World War II in recognition of their Maine (Ms. COLLINS) and the Senator At the request of Mr. CRAMER, the extraordinary service during World from Wisconsin (Mr. JOHNSON) were name of the Senator from Pennsyl- War II. added as cosponsors of S. 2321, a bill to vania (Mr. TOOMEY) was added as a co- S. 1762 require the Secretary of the Treasury sponsor of S. 849, a bill to provide for At the request of Mrs. FEINSTEIN, the to mint a coin in commemoration of the inclusion on the Vietnam Veterans name of the Senator from Connecticut the 100th anniversary of the establish- Memorial Wall of the names of the lost (Mr. MURPHY) was added as a cosponsor ment of Negro Leagues baseball. crew members of the U.S.S. Frank E. of S. 1762, a bill to amend the Foreign S. 2417 Evans killed on June 3, 1969. Agents Registration Act of 1938 to pro- At the request of Mr. KENNEDY, the S. 892 vide the Attorney General with greater name of the Senator from New Hamp- At the request of Mr. CASEY, the authority to promote enforcement and shire (Mrs. SHAHEEN) was added as a co- name of the Senator from Tennessee disclosure requirements for agents of sponsor of S. 2417, a bill to provide for (Mrs. BLACKBURN) was added as a co- foreign principals, and for other pur- payment of proceeds from savings sponsor of S. 892, a bill to award a Con- poses. bonds to a State with title to such gressional Gold Medal, collectively, to S. 1908 bonds pursuant to the judgment of a the women in the United States who At the request of Mrs. GILLIBRAND, court. joined the workforce during World War the name of the Senator from Massa- S. 2496 II, providing the aircraft, vehicles, chusetts (Mr. MARKEY) was added as a At the request of Mr. CASEY, the weaponry, ammunition, and other ma- cosponsor of S. 1908, a bill to amend the name of the Senator from Washington

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.030 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S247 (Mrs. MURRAY) was added as a cospon- fication of the equal rights amend- Recognizing that emergency sor of S. 2496, a bill to amend title II of ment. healthcare providers are at the the Social Security Act to eliminate S.J. RES. 68 frontlines of responding to suicide at- the Medicare and disability insurance At the request of Mr. KAINE, the tempts, this bill would authorize fund- benefits waiting periods for disabled in- names of the Senator from Maryland ing for a grant program within the dividuals. (Mr. CARDIN), the Senator from Penn- Substance Abuse and Mental Health S. 2774 sylvania (Mr. CASEY), the Senator from Services Administration, SAMHSA, to At the request of Ms. MCSALLY, the Delaware (Mr. COONS), the Senator fund suicide prevention programs in name of the Senator from Nevada (Ms. from Connecticut (Mr. MURPHY) and emergency departments, ED, to better ROSEN) was added as a cosponsor of S. the Senator from Massachusetts (Ms. train staff in suicide prevention strate- 2774, a bill to direct the Attorney Gen- WARREN) were added as cosponsors of gies, screen at-risk patients, and refer eral to establish and carry out a Vet- S.J. Res. 68, a joint resolution to direct patients to appropriate followup care. eran Treatment Court Program. the removal of United States Armed The legislation would also require SAMHSA to develop best practices for S. 2918 Forces from hostilities against the Is- such programs, so that healthcare pro- At the request of Mr. MERKLEY, the lamic Republic of Iran that have not been authorized by Congress. viders are able to provide their pa- name of the Senator from Connecticut tients with the best possible care and (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) was added as a co- S. RES. 306 advice. Approximately 37 percent of in- sponsor of S. 2918, a bill to amend title At the request of Ms. ROSEN, the dividuals without a previous history of 23, United States Code, to require the names of the Senator from Connecticut mental health or substance abuse who Secretary of Transportation to estab- (Mr. BLUMENTHAL) and the Senator die by suicide make an ED visit within lish a program to provide grants to from Maryland (Mr. VAN HOLLEN) were the year before their death. According carry out activities to benefit polli- added as cosponsors of S. Res. 306, a to the Suicide Prevention Resource nators on roadsides and highway resolution reaffirming the commit- Center, the risk of suicide is greatest rights-of-way, including the planting ment to media diversity and pledging within a month of discharge from the and seeding of native, locally-appro- to work with media entities and di- hospital. priate grasses and wildflowers, includ- verse stakeholders to develop common In 2017, 47,173 Americans lost their ing milkweed, and for other purposes. ground solutions to eliminate barriers lives to suicide. That same year, there S. 2949 to media diversity. were 1.4 million suicide attempts. We At the request of Mrs. FISCHER, the f must renew our efforts on suicide pre- name of the Senator from Nevada (Ms. vention. In 2004, working with my col- STATEMENTS ON INTRODUCED ROSEN) was added as a cosponsor of S. league Senator GORDON SMITH of Or- 2949, a bill to direct the Secretary of BILLS AND JOINT RESOLUTION egon, we authored the Garrett Lee Veterans Affairs to make grants to eli- By Mr. REED (for himself and Smith Memorial Act. This law author- gible organizations to provide service Mr. KENNEDY): ized new youth suicide prevention pro- dogs to veterans with severe post-trau- S. 3198. A bill to authorize a pilot grams in honor of Senator SMITH’s, matic stress disorder, and for other program to expand and intensify sur- son, who tragically died by suicide just purposes. veillance of self-harm in partnership a couple of weeks short of his 22nd S. 2970 with State and local public health de- birthday. For over a decade, these pro- At the request of Ms. ERNST, the partments, to establish a grant pro- grams have funded college campus, name of the Senator from New York gram to provide self-harm and suicide State, and Tribal efforts to prevent sui- (Mrs. GILLIBRAND) was added as a co- prevention services in hospital emer- cide among our youth and young adult sponsor of S. 2970, a bill to improve the gency departments, and for other pur- populations, who are particularly at fielding of newest generations of per- poses; to the Committee on Health, risk of suicide. During this time, youth sonal protective equipment to the Education, Labor, and Pensions. suicide rates have decreased signifi- Armed Forces, and for other purposes. Mr. REED. Mr. President, as we all cantly in my home State of Rhode Is- know too well rates of suicide have land, however, nationwide, suicide S. 3020 risen to epidemic levels in the United rates have skyrocketed over the last At the request of Ms. BALDWIN, the States, with suicide now the 10th lead- decade. That is why we must renew our name of the Senator from Oregon (Mr. ing cause of death in the country. On attention and focus on suicide preven- WYDEN) was added as a cosponsor of S. average, there are 129 suicides every tion, including by increasing funding 3020, a bill to amend title 38, United day, roughly one every 11 minutes—a for and access to the National Suicide States Code, to authorize the Secretary staggering statistic. That is why I am Prevention Lifeline. This effort is crit- of Veterans Affairs to enter into con- pleased to be introducing bipartisan, ical to ensuring that when people in tracts with States or to award grants bicameral legislation to provide new crisis call looking for help, someone to States to promote health and resources to help turn the tide on this will be there on the other end of the wellness, prevent suicide, and improve increasingly dire situation. I am joined line to offer hope and counseling. I outreach to veterans, and for other in introducing the Suicide Prevention have also worked with my colleagues purposes. Act by Senator KENNEDY, with Rep- Senators GARDNER, BALDWIN, and S. 3152 resentatives CHRIS STEWART and DORIS MORAN on legislation to designate the At the request of Ms. ROSEN, the MATSUI introducing companion legisla- Lifeline as an easy to remember, 3- names of the Senator from Maine (Ms. tion in the House of Representatives. digit number, 9-8-8. This common sense COLLINS), the Senator from Minnesota This legislation would authorize new legislation would make it easier for (Ms. SMITH) and the Senator from funding for the Centers for Disease people across the country to access the Maine (Mr. KING) were added as cospon- Control and Prevention, CDC, to part- Lifeline when they really need it. I am sors of S. 3152, a bill to require the Fed- ner with the State and local health de- glad the Federal Communications eral Communications Commission to partments to improve surveillance of Commission, FCC, taking steps to incorporate data on maternal health suicide attempts and other incidences make the 9-8-8 number a reality, which outcomes into its broadband health of self-harm. Current data collection makes increasing funding for the Life- maps. efforts regarding suicide are often line all the more vital. S.J. RES. 6 years after the fact, which limits the I am pleased to have the opportunity At the request of Mr. CARDIN, the ability of State and local health de- to partner with Senator KENNEDY once names of the Senator from Alabama partments, as well as community orga- again by introducing the Suicide Pre- (Mr. JONES), the Senator from Hawaii nizations, to recognize trends early and vention Act today. I look forward to (Mr. SCHATZ) and the Senator from intervene. This new effort would en- working together with our other spon- Ohio (Mr. BROWN) were added as co- hance data collection and sharing, as sors and colleagues, as well as stake- sponsors of S.J. Res. 6, a joint resolu- appropriate, in real time to help save holders supporting these efforts, to tion removing the deadline for the rati- lives. pass this critical legislation.

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.032 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S248 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 By Mr. THUNE (for himself, Mr. prove the water quality of the Great Lakes ment trial of the President of the United CARPER, Mr. CRAMER, Ms. through water quality agreements; States. (b) ADMINISTRATION.—The Sergeant at SMITH, Ms. MCSALLY, and Ms. Whereas more than 40,000,000 individuals in both Canada and the United States depend Arms and Doorkeeper of the Senate is au- SINEMA): on the fresh water from the Great Lakes for thorized and directed to make the necessary S. 3200. A bill to amend the Internal drinking water; arrangements to carry out subsection (a), Revenue Code of 1986 to permit high de- Whereas Ontario Power Generation is pro- which arrangements shall provide for a min- ductible health plans to provide chron- posing to build a permanent deep geological imum of disruption to Senate proceedings. ic disease prevention services to plan repository for nuclear waste less than 1 mile f enrollees prior to satisfying their plan from Lake Huron in Kincardine, Ontario, SENATE RESOLUTION 472—COM- deductible; to the Committee on Fi- Canada; MENDING THE LOUISIANA STATE nance. Whereas the Government of Canada is pro- UNIVERSITY TIGERS FOOTBALL Mr. THUNE. Mr. President, I ask posing to build a permanent deep geological repository for high-level nuclear waste in the TEAM FOR WINNING THE 2020 unanimous consent that the text of the Great Lakes Basin; COLLEGE FOOTBALL PLAYOFF bill be printed in the RECORD. Whereas nuclear waste is highly toxic and NATIONAL CHAMPIONSHIP There being no objection, the text of can take tens of thousands of years to de- the bill was ordered to be printed in compose to safe levels; Mr. CASSIDY submitted the fol- the RECORD, as follows: Whereas a spill of nuclear waste into the lowing resolution; which was consid- S. 3200 Great Lakes, including during transit to a ered and agreed to: permanent deep geological repository for nu- S. RES. 472 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Rep- clear waste, could have lasting and severely Whereas, on Monday, January 13, 2020, the resentatives of the United States of America in adverse environmental, health, and eco- Congress assembled, Louisiana State University Tigers football nomic impacts on the Great Lakes and the team (referred to in this preamble as the SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. individuals who depend on the Great Lakes ‘‘Louisiana State University Fighting Ti- This Act may be cited as the ‘‘Chronic Dis- for their livelihoods; gers’’) won the 2020 College Football Playoff ease Management Act of 2020’’. Whereas more than 187 local, county, National Championship (referred to in this SEC. 2. CHRONIC DISEASE PREVENTION. State, and Tribal governments have passed preamble as the ‘‘National Championship’’) (a) IN GENERAL.—Section 223(c)(2) of the In- resolutions in opposition to the proposed nu- with a 42 to 25 victory over the third-ranked ternal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by clear waste repository of Ontario Power Gen- Clemson University Tigers at the Mercedes- redesignating subparagraph (D) as subpara- eration; Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana; graph (E) and by inserting after subpara- Whereas Tribes and First Nations’ citizens Whereas that victory is the first college graph (C) the following new subparagraph: have a strong spiritual and cultural connec- football national championship that the ‘‘(D) PREVENTIVE CARE SERVICES AND ITEMS tion to the Great Lakes; Louisiana State University Fighting Tigers FOR CHRONIC CONDITIONS.—For purposes of Whereas the protection of the Great Lakes have won since the 2007 season; subparagraph (C), preventive care shall in- is fundamental to treaty rights; and Whereas the Louisiana State University clude any service or item used to treat an in- Whereas, during the 1980s, when the De- Fighting Tigers completed an undefeated dividual with a chronic condition if— partment of Energy was studying potential season for the first time since 1958, finishing ‘‘(i) such service or item is low-cost, sites for a permanent nuclear waste reposi- the 2019 season with 15 wins and 0 loses; ‘‘(ii) in regards to such service or item, tory in the United States in accordance with Whereas the Louisiana State University there is medical evidence supporting high the Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 (42 Fighting Tigers finished the National Cham- cost efficiency of preventing exacerbation of U.S.C. 10101 et seq.), the Government of Can- pionship game with 628 yards of total of- the chronic condition or the development of ada expressed concern with locating a per- fense; a secondary condition, and manent nuclear waste repository within Whereas, with the National Championship ‘‘(iii) there is a strong likelihood, docu- shared water basins of the 2 countries: Now, victory, quarterback and 2019 Heisman Tro- mented by clinical evidence, that with re- therefore, be it phy Winner Joe Burrow capped off one of the spect to the class of individuals utilizing Resolved, That it is the sense of the Senate greatest seasons for a player in college foot- such service or item, the specific service or that— ball history; use of the item will prevent the exacerbation (1) the Government of Canada should not Whereas Patrick Queen was named the de- of the chronic condition or the development allow a permanent nuclear waste repository fensive Most Valuable Player of the National of a secondary condition that requires sig- to be built within the Great Lakes Basin; Championship game; nificantly higher cost treatments.’’. (2) the President and the Secretary of Whereas Joe Burrow was named the offen- (b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments State should take appropriate action to sive Most Valuable Player of the National made by this section shall apply to coverage work with the Government of Canada to pre- Championship game; for months beginning after the date of the vent a permanent nuclear waste repository Whereas wide receiver Justin Jefferson enactment of this Act. from being built within the Great Lakes from Destrehan, Louisiana, rated as a ‘‘three Basin; and f star’’ player while being recruited out of (3) the President and the Secretary of high school, has shown that he is one of the SUBMITTED RESOLUTIONS State should work together with their coun- best wide receivers in college football; terparts in the Government of Canada on a Whereas safety Grant Delpit won the solution for the long-term storage of nuclear Thorpe Award, which recognizes the best de- waste that— fensive back in college football; SENATE RESOLUTION 470—EX- (A) is safe and responsible; and PRESSING THE SENSE OF THE Whereas, with 1,780 receiving yards, (B) does not pose a threat to the Great Ja’Marr Chase set a new Louisiana State SENATE THAT THE PRESIDENT Lakes. AND THE SECRETARY OF STATE University record for receiving yards; f Whereas running back Clyde Edwards- SHOULD ENSURE THAT THE Helaire from Baton Rouge, Louisiana, made GOVERNMENT OF CANADA DOES SENATE RESOLUTION 471—AU- THORIZING THE TAKING OF A big plays throughout the entire 2019 season, NOT PERMANENTLY STORE NU- including in the National Championship CLEAR WASTE IN THE GREAT PHOTOGRAPH IN THE CHAMBER game; LAKE BASIN OF THE UNITED STATES SENATE Whereas the Louisiana State University Fighting Tigers offensive line won the Joe Ms. STABENOW (for herself, Mr. Mr. MCCONNELL submitted the fol- lowing resolution; which was consid- Moore Award as the best offensive line unit PETERS, Ms. BALDWIN, Mr. BROWN, Mr. ered and agreed to: in college football; DURBIN, Ms. DUCKWORTH, Mrs. GILLI- Whereas head coach of the Louisiana State BRAND, and Ms. KLOBUCHAR) submitted S. RES. 471 University Fighting Tigers and Larose, Lou- the following resolution; which was re- Resolved, isiana, native Ed Orgeron has shown incred- ferred to the Committee on Foreign SECTION 1. AUTHORIZATION FOR PHOTOGRAPH. ible leadership throughout his time at Lou- Relations: (a) IN GENERAL.—Paragraph 1 of Rule IV of isiana State University; the Rules for the Regulation of the Senate Whereas the Louisiana State University S. RES. 470 Wing of the United States Capitol (prohib- Fighting Tigers showed incredible sports- Whereas the water resources of the Great iting the taking of pictures in the Senate manship and teamwork throughout the en- Lakes Basin are precious public natural re- Chamber) shall be temporarily suspended for tire 2019 season; and sources shared by the Great Lakes States the sole and specific purpose of permitting Whereas the Louisiana State University and the Provinces of Canada; an official photograph to be taken on Janu- Fighting Tigers have made the people of Whereas, since 1909, the United States and ary 16, 2020, of the swearing in of Members of Louisiana proud: Now, therefore, be it Canada have worked to maintain and im- the United States Senate for the impeach- Resolved, That the Senate—

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.045 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S249 (1) commends the Louisiana State Univer- Whereas All-Atlantic Region First Team Church at New London, Connecticut, dated sity Tigers football team (referred to in this players Williams D’Nah and Jordi Ramon, February 4, 1809, that ‘‘[n]o provision in our resolution as the ‘‘Louisiana State Univer- who shut out their NCAA Division II Tour- Constitution ought to be dearer to man than sity Fighting Tigers’’) for winning the 2020 nament opponents in 5 out of 6 matches, an- that which protects the rights of conscience College Football Playoff National Champion- chored the defense of the top-ranked Univer- against the enterprizes of the civil author- ship; sity of Charleston men’s soccer team; ity’’; (2) recognizes the many achievements of Whereas the University of Charleston Whereas the Virginia Statute for Religious the coaches, players, and staff of the Lou- men’s soccer team finished the 2019 season Freedom was— isiana State University Fighting Tigers; with 12 consecutive wins, cruising to its (1) drafted by Thomas Jefferson, who con- (3) recognizes the fans of the Louisiana sixth straight Mountain East Conference sidered the Virginia Statute for Religious State University Fighting Tigers and the regular season title, second consecutive MEC Freedom to be one of his greatest achieve- people of Louisiana for their dedication and tournament championship, and fifth NCAA ments; support; and Division II Men’s Soccer Atlantic Region (2) enacted on January 16, 1786; and (4) respectfully requests that the Secretary title in 6 seasons; of the Senate transmit an enrolled copy of Whereas Christopher Allan was named (3) the forerunner to the Free Exercise this resolution to— Most Outstanding Defensive Player, and Clause of the First Amendment to the Con- (A) the head coach of the Louisiana State Freddy Tracey was named Most Outstanding stitution of the United States; University Fighting Tigers, Ed Orgeron; Offensive Player; Whereas section 2(a) of the International (B) the interim President of Louisiana Whereas Christopher Allan, Freddy Tracey, Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 U.S.C. State University, Tom Galligan; and Williams N’Dah, and Alvaro Unanua Dean 6401(a)) states that— (C) the Athletic Director of Louisiana were named to the All-NCAA National (1) ‘‘[t]he right to freedom of religion State University, Scott Woodward. Championship Tournament Team; and undergirds the very origin and existence of f Whereas the University of Charleston the United States’’; and men’s soccer team should be praised for the (2) religious freedom was established by SENATE RESOLUTION 473—CON- historic season of both athletic and aca- the founders of the United States ‘‘in law, as GRATULATING THE UNIVERSITY demic accomplishments: Now, therefore, be a fundamental right and as a pillar of our OF CHARLESTON MEN’S SOCCER it Nation’’; TEAM FOR WINNING THE NA- Resolved, That the Senate— Whereas the role of religion in society and TIONAL COLLEGIATE ATHLETIC (1) congratulates the University of Charles- public life in the United States has a long ton men’s soccer team for winning the Na- ASSOCIATION DIVISION II MEN’S and robust tradition; tional Collegiate Athletic Association Divi- Whereas individuals who have studied the SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP AT sion II Men’s Soccer Championship; democracy of the United States from an HIGHMARK STADIUM IN PITTS- (2) recognizes the athletic program at the international perspective, such as Alexis de BURGH, PENNSYLVANIA University of Charleston for its achievement Tocqueville, have noted that religion plays a in both sports and academics; and Mr. MANCHIN (for himself and Mrs. central role in preserving the Government of (3) respectfully requests that the Secretary CAPITO) submitted the following resolu- the United States because religion provides of the Senate prepare an official copy of this the moral base required for democracy to tion; which was considered and agreed resolution for presentation to— succeed; to: (A) the University of Charleston for appro- Whereas, in Town of Greece v. Galloway, S. RES. 473 priate display; 134 S. Ct. 1811 (2014), the Supreme Court of (B) the President of the University of Whereas, on December 14, 2019, the Univer- the United States affirmed that ‘‘people of Charleston; and sity of Charleston men’s soccer team won many faiths may be united in a community (C) the head coach of the University of the National Collegiate Athletic Association of tolerance and devotion’’; (referred to in this preamble as the ‘‘NCAA’’) Charleston men’s soccer team. Whereas the principle of religious freedom Division II Men’s Soccer Championship at f ‘‘has guided our Nation forward’’, as ex- Highmark Stadium in Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- pressed by the 44th President of the United vania, which was the second national cham- SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLU- States in a Presidential proclamation on Re- pionship in 3 years for the University of TION 34—AFFIRMING THE IMPOR- ligious Freedom Day in 2011, and freedom of Charleston; TANCE OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM religion ‘‘is a universal human right to be Whereas the University of Charleston AS A FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN protected here at home and across the men’s soccer team finished its historic sea- RIGHT THAT IS ESSENTIAL TO A globe’’, as expressed by that President of the son with a record of 22 wins, 2 losses, and 1 FREE SOCIETY AND PROTECTED United States on Religious Freedom Day in tie by securing a victory over California State University, Los Angeles in the na- FOR ALL PEOPLE OF THE 2013; tional championship; UNITED STATES UNDER THE Whereas ‘‘[f]reedom of religion is a funda- Whereas the University of Charleston CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED mental human right that must be upheld by men’s soccer team has become a symbol of STATES, AND RECOGNIZING THE every nation and guaranteed by every gov- ernment’’, as expressed by the 42nd President pride and success to the University of 234TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE EN- Charleston and the surrounding communities of the United States in a Presidential procla- ACTMENT OF THE VIRGINIA mation on Religious Freedom Day in 1999; in West Virginia; STATUTE FOR RELIGIOUS FREE- Whereas the University of Charleston Whereas the First Amendment to the Con- men’s soccer team held its opponents score- DOM stitution of the United States protects— less in 17 of 25 matches in 2019, with goal- Mr. DAINES (for himself, Mr. (1) the right of individuals to freely express keeper Alvaro Unanua Dean registering 11 LANKFORD, Mr. BLUNT, Mrs. BLACK- and act on the religious beliefs of those indi- viduals; and shutouts; BURN, Mr. ROUNDS, Mr. RISCH, Mr. Whereas Alvaro Unanua Dean was recog- HAWLEY, Mr. CASSIDY, Mr. TILLIS, Mr. (2) individuals from coercion to profess or nized as the 2019–2020 NCAA Division II sta- act on a religious belief to which those indi- INHOFE, Mr. COTTON, Mr. BRAUN, Mr. tistical champion for Goals Against Average viduals do not adhere; and Save Percentage; CRAMER, Mr. SCOTT of South Carolina, Whereas ‘‘our laws and institutions should Whereas the University of Charleston and Mr. SCOTT of Florida) submitted not impede or hinder but rather should pro- men’s soccer team earned the 2019–2020 Divi- the following concurrent resolution; tect and preserve fundamental religious lib- sion II men’s soccer statistical championship which was referred to the Committee erties’’, as expressed by the 42nd President of title for Goals Against Average and Shutout on the Judiciary: the United States in remarks accompanying Percentage; S. CON. RES. 34 the signing of the Religious Freedom Res- Whereas the University of Charleston Whereas the democracy of the United toration Act of 1993 (42 U.S.C. 2000bb et seq.); men’s soccer team won the championship in States is rooted in the fundamental truth Whereas, for countless people of the United the first and third seasons with Dan Strat- that all people are created equal, endowed by States, faith is an integral part of every as- ford as head coach; the Creator with certain inalienable rights, pect of daily life and is not limited to the Whereas the University of Charleston including life, liberty, and the pursuit of homes, houses of worship, or doctrinal creeds men’s soccer team outscored its opponents happiness; of those individuals; 87–8 over the course of the 2019 season, led by Whereas the freedom of conscience was Whereas ‘‘religious faith has inspired many Freddy Tracey with 14 goals, including 6 highly valued by— of our fellow citizens to help build a better game-winning goals, one of which was in the (1) individuals seeking religious freedom Nation’’ in which ‘‘people of faith continue national championship; who settled in the colonies in the United to wage a determined campaign to meet Whereas Ettore Ballestracci was ranked States; needs and fight suffering’’, as expressed by fourth nationally in NCAA Division II play- (2) the founders of the United States; and the 43rd President of the United States in a ers with the most assists, with 12 assists (3) Thomas Jefferson, who wrote in a letter Presidential proclamation on Religious Free- throughout the 2019 season; to the Society of the Methodist Episcopal dom Day in 2003;

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 0634 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.037 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 Whereas, ‘‘[f]rom its birth to this day, the ized to meet during the session of the on Foreign Relations, with an amend- United States has prized this legacy of reli- Senate on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, ment to strike all after the enacting gious freedom and honored this heritage by at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing in ex- clause and insert in lieu thereof the standing for religious freedom and offering refuge to those suffering religious persecu- ecutive session. following: tion’’, as noted in section 2(a) of the Inter- COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. national Religious Freedom Act of 1998 (22 WORKS This Act may be cited as the ‘‘United States- U.S.C. 6401(a)); The Committee on Environment and Mexico Economic Partnership Act’’. Whereas Thomas Jefferson wrote— Public Works is authorized to meet SEC. 2. FINDINGS. (1) in 1798 that each right encompassed in during the session of the Senate on Congress finds the following: the First Amendment to the Constitution of (1) The United States and Mexico have bene- the United States is dependent on the other Wednesday, January 15, 2020, at 10 a.m., fitted from a bilateral, mutually beneficial part- rights described in that Amendment, ‘‘there- to conduct a hearing. nership focused on advancing the economic in- by guarding in the same sentence, and under COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS terests of both countries. the same words, the freedom of religion, of The Committee on Foreign Relations (2) In 2013, Mexico adopted major energy re- speech, and of the press: insomuch, that is authorized to meet during the ses- forms that opened its energy sector to private in- whatever violated either, throws down the vestment, increasing energy cooperation be- sanctuary which covers the others’’; and sion of the Senate on Wednesday, Janu- tween Mexico and the United States and open- (2) in 1822 that the constitutional freedom ary 15, 2020, at 10 a.m., to conduct a ing new opportunities for United States energy of religion is ‘‘the most inalienable and sa- hearing. engagement. cred of all human rights’’; COMMITTEE ON HEALTH, EDUCATION, LABOR, (3) On January 18, 2018, the Principal Deputy Whereas religious freedom ‘‘has been inte- AND PENSIONS Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cul- gral to the preservation and development of tural Affairs at the Department of State stated, the United States’’, and ‘‘the free exercise of The Committee on Health, Edu- cation, Labor, and Pensions is author- ‘‘Our exchange programs build enduring rela- religion goes hand in hand with the preserva- tionships and networks to advance U.S. na- tion of our other rights’’, as expressed by the ized to meet during the session of the tional interests and foreign policy goals . . . 41st President of the United States in a Pres- Senate on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, The role of our exchanges . . . in advancing idential proclamation on Religious Freedom at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing. U.S. national security and economic interests Day in 1993; and f enjoys broad bipartisan support from Congress Whereas we ‘‘continue to proclaim the fun- and other stakeholders, and provides a strong damental right of all peoples to believe and PRIVILEGES OF THE FLOOR return on investment.’’. worship according to their own conscience, (4) According to the Institute of International to affirm their beliefs openly and freely, and Mr. MERKLEY. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that my fellow Education, in the 2015–2016 academic year, more to practice their faith without fear or in- than 56,000 United States students studied in timidation’’, as expressed by the 42nd Presi- Nitza Sola-Rotger have privileges of other countries in the Western Hemisphere re- dent of the United States in a Presidential the floor for the balance of the day. gion while more than 84,000 non-United States proclamation on Religious Freedom Day in The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without students from the region studied in the United 1998: Now, therefore, be it objection, it is so ordered. States, but only 5,000 of those United States stu- Resolved by the Senate (the House of Rep- dents studied in Mexico and only 16,000 of those resentatives concurring), That Congress— f non-United States students were from Mexico. (1) on Religious Freedom Day on January NOTICE: REGISTRATION OF MASS 16, 2020, honors the 234th anniversary of the SEC. 3. STATEMENT OF POLICY. enactment of the Virginia Statute for Reli- MAILINGS It is the policy of the United States— gious Freedom; and The filing date for the 2019 fourth (1) to continue deepening economic coopera- (2) affirms that— tion between the United States and Mexico; quarter Mass Mailing report is Mon- (2) to seek to prioritize and expand edu- (A) for individuals of any faith and individ- day, January 27, 2020. An electronic op- uals of no faith, religious freedom includes cational and professional exchange programs the right of an individual to live, work, asso- tion is available on Webster that will with Mexico, including through frameworks ciate, and worship in accordance with the be- allow forms to be submitted via a such as the 100,000 Strong in the Americas Ini- liefs of the individual; fillable PDF document. If your office tiative, the Young Leaders of the Americas Ini- (B) all people of the United States can be did no mass mailings during this pe- tiative, Jo´venes en Accio´n (Youth in Action), unified in supporting religious freedom, re- riod, please submit a form that states the Fulbright Foreign Student Program, and the gardless of differing individual beliefs, be- Fulbright Visiting Scholar Program; and ‘‘none.’’ (3) to promote positive cross-border relations cause religious freedom is a fundamental Mass mailing registrations or nega- human right; and as a priority for advancing United States for- (C) ‘‘the American people will remain for- tive reports can be submitted elec- eign policy and programs. ever unshackled in matters of faith’’, as ex- tronically at http://webster.senate.gov/ SEC. 4. STRATEGY TO PRIORITIZE AND EXPAND pressed by the 44th President of the United secretary/massl mailingl form.htm EDUCATIONAL AND PROFESSIONAL States in a Presidential proclamation on Re- or delivered to the Senate Office of EXCHANGE PROGRAMS WITH MEX- ICO. ligious Freedom Day in 2012. Public Records, 232 Hart Building, (a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of State shall f Washington, D.C. 20510–7116. develop a strategy to carry out the policy de- AUTHORITY FOR COMMITTEES TO The Senate Office of Public Records scribed in section 3, to include prioritizing and MEET is open from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. (9:00 expanding educational and professional ex- a.m. to 5:00 p.m. when the Senate is not change programs with Mexico through frame- Mr. CORNYN. Mr. President, I have 5 in session). For further information, works such as those referred to in section 3(2). requests for committees to meet during please contact the Senate Office of (b) ELEMENTS.—The strategy required under today’s session of the Senate. They Public Records at (202) 224–0322. subsection (a) shall— have the approval of the Majority and (1) encourage more academic exchanges be- Minority leaders. f tween the United States and Mexico at the sec- Pursuant to Rule XXVI, paragraph UNITED STATES-MEXICO ondary, post-secondary, and post-graduate lev- els; 5(a), of the Standing Rules of the Sen- ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP ACT ate, the following committes are au- (2) encourage United States and Mexican aca- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I demic institutions and businesses to collaborate thorized to meet during today’s session to assist prospective and developing entre- of the Senate: ask unanimous consent that the Sen- ate proceed to the immediate consider- preneurs in strengthening their business skills COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND and promoting cooperation and joint business TRANSPORTATION ation of Calendar No. 336, H.R. 133. initiatives across the United States and Mexico; The Committee on Commerce, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The (3) promote energy infrastructure coordina- Science, and Transportation is author- clerk will report the bill by title. tion and cooperation through support of voca- ized to meet during the session of the The senior assistant legislative clerk tional-level education, internships, and ex- Senate on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, read as follows: changes between the United States and Mexico; at 10 a.m., to conduct a hearing in ex- A bill (H.R. 133) to promote economic part- and (4) assess the feasibility of fostering partner- ecutive session. nership and cooperation between the United States and Mexico. ships between universities in the United States COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, SCIENCE, AND and medical school and nursing programs in TRANSPORTATION There being no objection, the Senate Mexico to ensure that medical school and nurs- The Committee on Commerce, proceeded to consider the bill, which ing programs in Mexico have comparable ac- Science, and Transportation is author- had been reported from the Committee creditation standards as medical school and

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.036 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE January 15, 2020 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S251 nursing programs in the United States by the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement that laid Whereas the United Nations Security Council Accreditation and Standards in Foreign Medical the groundwork for the 2011 referendum on self- adopted resolution 2471 on May 30, 2019, to ex- Education, in addition to the Accreditation determination, through which the people of tend its sanctions regime in South Sudan and Commission For Education in Nursing, so that South Sudan overwhelmingly voted for inde- renew the prohibition of the supply, sale, or medical students can pass medical licensing pendence; transfer to South Sudan of arms and related board exams, and nursing students can pass Whereas the United States recognized South material or the provision of training, technical, nursing licensing exams, in the United States. Sudan as a sovereign, independent state on July and financial assistance related to military ac- (c) BRIEFING.—Not later than 180 days after 9, 2011; tivities or materials until May 31, 2020; and the date of the enactment of this Act, the Sec- Whereas, since the onset of the civil war in Whereas peace and security in South Sudan is retary of State shall brief the appropriate con- South Sudan in December 2013, nearly 400,000 critical to peace and security in East Africa: gressional committees regarding the strategy re- South Sudanese citizens are estimated to have Now, therefore, be it quired under subsection (a). been killed, 1,900,000 have been internally dis- Resolved, SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS. placed, and 2,300,000 have fled the country and That the Senate— (1) supports a sustainable peace and democ- In this Act, the term ‘‘appropriate congres- registered as refugees; Whereas violence erupted in Juba in July 2016 racy in South Sudan; sional committees’’ means— and spread throughout the country in violation (2) calls on the incumbent government and all (1) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the of the August 17, 2015, Agreement on the Resolu- other signatories of the R-ARCSS to— Senate; and tion of the Conflict in the Republic of South (A) take concrete and meaningful steps to cre- (2) the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the Sudan (ARCSS); ate an enabling environment, to include security House of Representatives. Whereas the Revitalized Agreement on the arrangements for Juba and the unification of SEC. 6. SUNSET PROVISION. Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of forces, for all relevant stakeholders to partici- This Act shall remain in effect until December South Sudan (R-ARCSS), signed on September pate actively in the formation of the RTGoNU 31, 2023. 12, 2018, affirmed the Parties’ commitment to the and South Sudan’s democratic development and Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous permanent ceasefire, humanitarian access, and post-conflict stabilization; consent that the committee-reported respect for human rights, and established two (B) take immediate action to resolve peace- substitute amendment be agreed to; phases of implementation, an 8-month Pre- fully the remaining political issues for negotia- Transitional Period followed by a 36 month tion during the Pre-Transitional Period, includ- that the bill, as amended, be considered Transitional Period that includes the establish- ing agreement on the number and boundaries of read a third time and passed; and that ment of a Revitalized Transitional Government states; the motion to reconsider be considered of National Unity (RTGoNU), and calls for elec- (C) adhere to the cessation of hostilities and made and laid upon the table. tions 60 days prior to the end of the Transi- ensure humanitarian access; The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without tional Period to establish a democratic govern- (D) immediately release all political prisoners objection, it is so ordered. ment; and fulfill their responsibility to protect civil- The committee-reported amendment, Whereas the R-ARCSS stipulates that the sig- ians; (E) ensure respect for the right to freedom of in the nature of a substitute, was natories will create an enabling political, ad- ministrative, operational, and legal environment expression, association, and peaceful assembly; agreed to. for the delivery of humanitarian assistance and and The amendment was ordered to be civilian protection; (F) cease recruitment and immediately release engrossed and the bill to be read a Whereas two extensions to the deadline to all child soldiers under the command or influ- third time. form the RTGoNU have been granted to allow ence of the South Sudan People’s Defense The bill was read the third time. additional time to complete critical Pre-Transi- Forces (SSPDF) and its associated militias; The bill (H.R. 133), as amended, was tional tasks, including agreement on the number (3) calls on heads of state of member countries passed. and boundaries of states and important security of the Intergovernmental Authority on Develop- arrangements; ment in East Africa to engage South Sudanese f Whereas the United States Department of leaders and parties to uphold their commitments REAFFIRMING THE SUPPORT OF State 2018 Country Report on Human Rights to the peace agreement, including maintaining Practices in South Sudan states that both the the cease-fire, to make good-faith progress to- THE UNITED STATES FOR THE government and opposition forces engaged in se- ward peacefully forming the RTGoNU, and to PEOPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF rious human rights abuses by perpetrating resolve other key issues; SOUTH SUDAN AND CALLING ON extrajudicial killings, including ethnically based (4) calls on the Secretary of State and the Ad- ALL PARTIES TO UPHOLD THEIR targeted killings of civilians, and by engaging in ministrator of the United States Agency for COMMITMENTS TO PEACE AND arbitrary detentions, torture, rape, beatings, International Development (USAID) to— DIALOGUE AS OUTLINED IN THE and looting of property; (A) intensify bilateral and multilateral diplo- 2018 REVITALIZED PEACE AGREE- Whereas, on March 15, 2019, the United Na- matic efforts to demonstrate the commitment of tions Security Council extended the mandate of the United States to helping achieve a perma- MENT the United Nations Mission in South Sudan nent and sustainable peace in South Sudan on Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I (UNMISS) for one year and authorized UNMISS par with its commitment to ameliorate the suf- ask unanimous consent that the Sen- to use all necessary means to deter violence fering of the South Sudanese people; ate proceed to the consideration of Cal- against civilians, to prevent and respond to sex- (B) elevate and consult additional voices in endar No. 338, S. Res. 371. ual and gender-based violence, and to foster a South Sudan to broaden the constituency and secure environment for the return or relocation shared responsibility for maintaining peace and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of internally displaced persons (IDPs) and refu- fulfilling the commitments of the Pre-Transi- clerk will read the resolution by title. gees; tional and Transitional periods; and The senior assistant legislative clerk Whereas the people of South Sudan continue (C) continue to support civilians, particularly read as follows: to suffer from a humanitarian crisis, despite women and children, who have been adversely A resolution (S. Res. 371) reaffirming the over $4,500,000,000 in United States humani- affected by the civil war, and provide assistance support of the United States for the people of tarian aid provided since the conflict began, to meet humanitarian needs and support the Republic of South Sudan and calling on with more than half the population experi- peacebuilding, conflict prevention, transitional all parties to uphold their commitments to encing acute food insecurity at the peak of the justice, and reconciliation efforts led by local peace and dialogue as outlined in the 2018 re- lean season in 2019, and humanitarian organi- civil society; vitalized peace agreement. zations are providing more than 5,300,000 people (5) urges the Secretary of State and the with lifesaving assistance and other vital sup- United States Permanent Representative to the There being no objection, the Senate port services, such as medical care to survivors United Nations to monitor implementation of the proceeded to consider the resolution, of sexual violence and facilitating access to edu- UNMISS mandate authorized by United Nations which had been reported from the Com- cation to over 690,000 children; Security Council Resolution 2459 (2019) and en- mittee on Foreign Relations, with an Whereas South Sudan has been at the lowest sure that any return or relocation of IDPs from amendment to strike all after the re- tier of the Department of State’s Trafficking in United Nations Protection of Civilian sites are solving clause and insert the part Persons rankings since 2015, indicating that its safe, informed, voluntary, dignified, and con- printed in italic and an amendment to government does not fully meet the minimum ducted in coordination with humanitarian ac- standards for the elimination of trafficking and tors; the preamble to strike the preamble is not making significant efforts to do so; (6) urges the Secretary of State, in conjunc- and insert the part printed in italic: Whereas impunity for past atrocities, corrup- tion with the Secretary of the Treasury to con- Whereas the people and Government of the tion, and capture of key sectors of the national tinue to monitor human rights abuses and cor- United States have a deep and abiding interest economy, such as the oil and mining sectors, ruption in South Sudan and take decisive action in South Sudan’s democratic development and continues to drive violence in South Sudan, and using authorities granted under the Global post-conflict stabilization; signatories to the R-ARCSS committed to the es- Magnitsky Human Rights Accountability Act Whereas the United States was a critical part- tablishment of transitional justice and economic (subtitle F of title XII of Public Law 114–328; 22 ner in the drafting and implementation of the and resource management measures; U.S.C. 2656 note);

VerDate Sep 11 2014 09:39 Jan 16, 2020 Jkt 099060 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4624 Sfmt 6333 E:\CR\FM\A15JA6.010 S15JAPT1 SSpencer on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with SENATE S252 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE January 15, 2020 (7) urges the Secretary of the Treasury to ex- CONGRATULATING THE UNIVER- State University Bison football team, ercise all options to prevent, detect, investigate, SITY OF CHARLESTON MEN’S and I am really excited to be able to do and mitigate money laundering activities; and SOCCER TEAM FOR WINNING THE that. Last weekend, the Bison capped (8) supports implementation and subsequent renewal of the United Nations Security Council NATIONAL COLLEGIATE ATH- another impressive football season by arms embargo in South Sudan to prevent contin- LETIC ASSOCIATION DIVISION II winning their eighth FCS national title ued illicit acquisition of arms and military MEN’S SOCCER CHAMPIONSHIP in 9 years. The Bison broke their own equipment by all parties and the proliferation of AT HIGHMARK STADIUM IN record for the most FCS titles of all weapons throughout the country. PITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA time, eight in the last 9 years—an un- Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I believable accomplishment. consent that the committee-reported ask unanimous consent that the Sen- They have now won 16 NCAA football substitute amendment to the resolu- ate proceed to the consideration of S. championships. NDSU just had a truly tion be agreed to. Res. 473, submitted earlier today. impressive team this year, and they The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. The just have a tremendous program, as objection, it is so ordered. clerk will report the resolution by they have demonstrated year after The committee-reported amendment, title. year. in the nature of a substitute, was The senior assistant legislative clerk I had the chance to be in Frisco last agreed to. read as follows: weekend with Bison Nation. They have Mr. MCCONNELL. I know of no fur- A resolution (S. Res. 473) congratulating an incredible following. We call them ther debate on the resolution, as the University of Charleston men’s soccer ‘‘Bison Nation’’ because they go wher- amended. team for winning the National Collegiate ever the football team goes, and they The PRESIDING OFFICER. If there Athletic Association Division II Men’s Soc- make a lot of noise. I had the oppor- is no further debate, the question is on cer Championship at Highmark Stadium in tunity to be there with them and cheer Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. the adoption of the resolution, as on the team as they faced off against amended. There being no objection, the Senate James Madison University, the Dukes. The resolution, as amended, was proceeded to consider the resolution. It was a hard-fought win for the Bison, agreed to. Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I and the Dukes should also be congratu- Mr. MCCONNELL. I ask unanimous ask unanimous consent that the reso- consent that the committee-reported lution be agreed to, the preamble be lated. They have a great program—a amendment to the preamble be agreed agreed to, and the motions to recon- first-class program—and great fans. I to; that the preamble, as amended, be sider be considered made and laid upon talked to a lot of them. They could not agreed to; and that the motions to re- the table with no intervening action or have been not only more supportive of consider be considered made and laid debate. their team, but they could not have upon the table. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without been more complimentary of the Bison The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. and their great program. Again I just objection, it is so ordered. The resolution (S. Res. 473) was want to say: James Madison, a real The committee-reported amendment agreed to. great program and a real class act— to the preamble was agreed to. The preamble was agreed to. their team, their program, and their The preamble, as amended, was (The resolution, with its preamble, is fans. Kudos to them as well. agreed to. printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- It was just a great effort by our team The resolution (S. Res. 371), as mitted Resolutions.’’) all around. Just a few stats: The win by amended, was agreed to, and the pre- f the Bison on Saturday capped off an amble, as amended, was agreed to. unbeaten season of 16–0. That is the ORDERS FOR THURSDAY, first time a Division I team has gone f JANUARY 16, 2020 16–0, unbeaten, since Yale did it in COMMENDING THE LOUISIANA Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I 1894—pretty remarkable, a pretty STATE UNIVERSITY TIGERS ask unanimous consent that when the amazing accomplishment. FOOTBALL TEAM FOR WINNING Senate completes its business today it You also have to realize that that THE 2020 COLLEGE FOOTBALL adjourn until 9:45 a.m., January 16; fur- brings their current winning streak to PLAYOFF NATIONAL CHAMPION- ther, that following the prayer and 37 consecutive games, so they finished SHIP pledge, the morning hour be deemed the year unbeaten, and they are now up Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I expired, the Journal of proceedings be to a 37-game winning streak. ask unanimous consent that the Sen- approved to date, the time for the two Next year, the second game of the ate proceed to the consideration of S. leaders be reserved for their use later season, we go to Oregon and play Or- Res. 472, submitted earlier today. in the day, and morning business be egon at Oregon. That should be a really The PRESIDING OFFICER. The closed; further, that following leader exciting game. It just shows the caliber clerk will report the resolution by remarks, the Senate resume consider- of football this team plays and just title. ation of H.R. 5430 under the previous how great these student athletes are. The senior assistant legislative clerk order. They are great young men as well. I am read as follows: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without very pleased that I was joined by my objection, it is so ordered. A resolution (S. Res. 472) commending the colleague Senator CRAMER in spon- Louisiana State University Tigers football f soring this resolution, so I certainly team for winning the 2020 College Football Playoff National Championship. ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT want to express my appreciation to him as well. There being no objection, the Senate Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, if We recognize and we congratulate proceeded to consider the resolution. there is no further business to come be- the players, including freshman quar- Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I fore the Senate, I ask that it stand ad- ask unanimous consent that the reso- journed under the previous order, fol- terback Trey Lance, who became the lution be agreed to, the preamble be lowing the remarks of Senators first player in the history of the North Dakota State Bison football team and agreed to, and the motions to recon- HOEVEN and CRAMER. sider be considered made and laid upon The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without the first freshman player in history— the table with no intervening action or objection, it is so ordered. the first freshman player—to win the debate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sen- Walter Payton Award. It is the first The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ior Senator from North Dakota. time a freshman has ever done so, objection, it is so ordered. f which just shows you what a great The resolution (S. Res. 472) was player he is and is just indicative of agreed to. RECOGNIZING THE NORTH DAKOTA the kind of athletes we have on that The preamble was agreed to. STATE UNIVERSITY BISON FOOT- team. (The resolution, with its preamble, is BALL TEAM We want to congratulate and honor printed in today’s RECORD under ‘‘Sub- Mr. HOEVEN. Mr. President, I rise the whole team. It was truly a team ef- mitted Resolutions.’’) today to talk about the North Dakota fort, a great team, led by Coach Matt

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For example, just last year, football but all of the athletics at ship Subdivision. for just the second time in our Division North Dakota State University, as well He went through the statistics that I history, all NDSU athletic teams as, of course, the fine leadership of are very impressive: the stretch of 37 reached a cumulative grade point aver- NDSU president Dean Bresciani at the victories in a row; the 16–0 season; the age of 3.0. Let me say that again: All university there, a good friend and singular accomplishment of Trey NDSU athletic teams reached a cumu- somebody who has done a great job Lance, this redshirt freshman from lative grade point average of 3.0 or leading the university. Marshall, MN, who threw, by the way, greater, while also achieving our high- Again, I also want to honor Bison Na- in the course of the season, 29 touch- est overall student athlete GPA of 3.43. tion. The game was nationally tele- down passes and a grand total of 0 Over 280 student athletes at NDSU vised on Saturday at noon eastern time interceptions—remarkable to say the scored a 3.0 or better, with 72—72—of here on ABC. It wasn’t just our great least. He was just named, in fact, the their student athletes receiving a 4.0— team; it was Bison Nation, all the fans 2019 FCS National Performer of the earning, I should say, a 4.0. being there and showing up in such a Year. As you can tell, Senator HOEVEN and great way, too, with not only wearing Senator HOEVEN paid tribute appro- I are proud Senators. We are proud of the green and yellow and Bison regalia priately to Coach Entz. Senator our team. We are proud of our univer- but cheering and just doing a great job HOEVEN is exactly right—an incredible sity. We are proud of the entire univer- like Bison Nation always does. individual; an incredible, undefeated sity system in our State for lots of rea- We are so proud of the program, so head coach. Not only was he named the sons. I think what the excellence of the proud of the student athletes, the Missouri Valley coach of the year, he North Dakota State University foot- coaches, and Bison Nation as a whole. was just named the AFCA FCS coach of ball team has illustrated is an excel- We want to congratulate everybody on the year—a tremendous person. lence that can be achieved and can be another incredible year and an unbe- We can talk about all the great applied not only to the gridiron, not lievable achievement: eight champion- things that the Bison football team only to the fields of athletic competi- ships in 9 years. tion, but to life. As the Presiding Offi- With that, there is only one other does, and it is appropriate that we do that and that we celebrate them in cer knows, their motto is that the thing to say: Go Bison. strength of the herd is in the bison and I yield the floor. North Dakota and Fargo and the region The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. and all of Bison Nation, as Senator the strength of the bison is in the herd. It is a good lesson in athletics and a HOEVEN). The Senator from North Da- HOEVEN said. There is something they kota. don’t do that I appreciate so much. I good lesson in life. I join Senator HOEVEN in congratu- f watched the game on ABC, as we have watched lots of football games lately lating the Bison. RECOGNIZING THE NORTH DAKOTA on the national networks, and the one Go Bison. STATE UNIVERSITY BISON FOOT- thing they don’t do that I love is they I yield the floor. BALL TEAM never point to the name on the back of Mr. CRAMER. Mr. President, I thank their jersey because they don’t put f the President for yielding the floor and their names on the backs of the jerseys thank you for your previous speech. It because this is always a team effort. ADJOURNMENT UNTIL 9:45 A.M. is a great honor for me to follow the This is a legacy of a team. It is a cul- TOMORROW senior Senator from North Dakota, ture of a team. It is the equality of a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Under Senator HOEVEN, in congratulating this team. As great as every performer is, the previous order, the Senate stands remarkable, singular accomplishment they are a team. That is the way they adjourned until 9:45 a.m. tomorrow. by this remarkable, singular football win; and, if they ever lose, that is the Thereupon, the Senate, at 6:46 p.m., team: the North Dakota State Univer- way they lose, but they don’t do that adjourned until Thursday, January 16, sity Bison. much. 2020, at 9:45 a.m.

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