Pipek et al.: Hedgehog introductions to New Zealand S1 Supplementary Materials Appendix S1. Hedgehog timeline: releases, observations and other items concerning hedgehogs. Often the observations are covered by several articles in different titles, but we include only one example, unless necessary. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Year Locality Region Island Subject Note Reference __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1867 - Auckland North Proposal Considered by the acclimatisation Daily Southern Cross 1867 society for the first time 1868 - Canterbury South Proposal Chairman of the acclimatisation society Press 1868 (Nottidge) suggested importing few hedgehogs 1869 - Canterbury South Import Shipped by Hydaspes Thomson 1922, Colonist 1869 1869 - Canterbury South Doubts The acclimatisation society still not Press 1869, The Star 1869 decided whether they should be liberated 1871 - Taranaki North Doubts Mr. Hursthouse, from New Plymouth, Hursthouse 1871, New Zealand Herald warned the acclimatisation society from 1871 importing hedgehogs 1871 - Canterbury South Nuisance At meeting of the acclimatisation Lyttelton Times 1871 society Mr. Fereday warned from hedgehogs (likely influenced by by the Hurstone paper), they should be kept in custody before any decision 1871 - Canterbury South Import One hedgehog donated by Mr. Nottidge Canterbury Acclimatisation Society 1872 to the acclimatisation society (Robert Henderson) 1871 - Canterbury South Protection Letter: the writer believes more in The Star 1871 hedgehogs than in Mr. Fereday (from the acclimatisation society) 1872 - Canterbury South Import Claimed that in December one hedgehog Press 1900a arrived with fallow deer 1873 - Otago South Proposal Suggested – they are kept in London in Otago Witness 1873, Otago Daily Times houses against cockroaches, easy to 1873 get on any poultry market for cheap 1877 Christchurch Canterbury South Doubts Hedgehogs among “problematic Otago Daily Times 1877 species”, acclimatisation society “not seen in a positive light” 1877 Auckland Auckland North Proposal Letter to acclimatisation society, New Zealand Herald 1877 suggesting importing hedgehogs against snails and beetles 1879 - Hawke’s Bay North Proposal Mr. Triffen proposed to introduce Hawke’s Bay Herald 1879 hedgehogs against insects. He even tried to catch some when in England – all died in traps, though 1880 - Otago South Proposal Hedgehogs harmless and eating ground Evening Star 1880 insects 1880 Auckland Auckland North Observation Dead hedgehog found. Suggested it Auckland Star 1880 was a pet. 1881 - Otago South Proposal Hedgehogs might be introduced as an Buckland 1881 experiment – eats insects, lizards and could compete with rabbit for burrows 1881 Christchurch Canterbury South Import Three pairs (or individuals) arrived on Lyttelton Times 1881, Wilkin 1883 the Waimate and were liberated by Robert Wilkin 1882 - Otago South Biocontrol At meeting of the acclimatisation Evening Star 1882a society, hedgehogs suggested as a weapon against rabbits 1882 Dunedin Otago South Sale One was offered for sale by a Evening Star 1882b taxidermist Smyth, but might have been stuffed 1882 - Otago South Proposal Hedgehogs among proposed agents Otago Witness 1882a against rabbits 1882 Wanaka Otago South Proposal Hedgehogs and wekas the best against Otago Witness 1882b rabbits, the former should be imported, the latter should be protected 1882 Bendigo Otago South Doubts How many hedgehogs would be needed Drury 1882 to be effective? 1883 Pleasant Point, Canterbury South Observation Caught one that was either brought over Ashburton Guardian 1883, Otago Daily Timaru three years ago, and escaped just couple Times 1883b, Timaru Herald 1883, of weeks before or spread from Wilkin 1883 liberation in 1881 by R. Wilkin S2 Pipek et al.: Hedgehog introductions to New Zealand __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Year Locality Region Island Subject Note Reference __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1883 Dunedin Otago South Sale Offer of a hedgehog for sale Evening Star 1883, Otago Daily Times 1883a 1883 - Otago South Import Mr. Bills is importing hedgehogs and Otago Witness 1883 has few at hand 1883 Whanganui Manawatu- North Import One hedgehog (out of 8) survived the Wanganui Herald 1883, Manawatu Whanganui trip by the Huia. These likely Standard 1883, New Zealand Herald corresponds to the eight listed in 1884, Wanganui Herald 1884 imports for that year. The question is whether that very hedgehog did not become a skeleton specimen in the importer’s museum later on, as his health was not the best upon arrival 1884 - Otago South Import The acclimatisation society decided to Evening Star 1884 import hedgehogs 1884 - Otago South Proposal Hedgehogs among proposed agents Otago Daily Times 1884 against rabbits 1885 Dunedin Otago South Import Three hedgehogs arrived by the Tainui, Evening Star 1886, Otago Witness 1915a put under care of G.M. Thomson in gardens, female died, one male disappeared (the males liberated on Maori Hill) 1885 Wellington Wellington North Pet Lost Evening Post 1885b 1885 Wellington Wellington North Pet One hedgehog found and exhibited New Zealand Times 1885, Evening Post 1885a 1886 - Otago South Import Charles Bills offered to import Otago Acclimatisation Society, hedgehogs, but the acclimatisation unpublished society refused the offer, because of financial position 1886 - Otago South Import Nine hedgehogs brought with Ionic for Otago Witness 1887 Charles Bills ca. Wakanui Canterbury South Liberation W. W. Smith says two pairs were Ashburton Guardian 1905b 1886 released in this year 1888 Matakohe Auckland North Doubts Hedgehogs are eating potatoes New Zealand Herald 1888 1886- Sawyer’s Bay Otago South Observation Some seen – Thomson gives different Thomson 1922, Thomson 1915 1890 information in 1915 and 1922. 1892 - Otago South Biocontrol Hedgehogs could help against Otago Witness 1892 codling moth 1892 - Canterbury South Proposal Society must choose between Press 1892 hedgehogs and toad, they cannot be liberated together 1893 - Canterbury South Proposal Mr. Farr recommends importation of New Zealand Herald 1893a hedgehogs, which can be even transported in torpor 1893 Masterton Masterton North Observation One was killed in Masterton New Zealand Herald 1893b 1893 Hawke’s Bay North Proposal Acclimatisation society proposed and Daily Telegraph 1893 agreed to introduce hedgehogs 1894 Merivale Canterbury South Import Twelve hedgehogs escaped through Thomson 1922, Hutton 1897 pigeon hole. Confirmed by later observation and article by F.W. Hutton 1894 Dunedin Otago South Proposal Alexander Bathgate pledged to Otago Daily Times 1894 introduce hedgehogs to Otago 1894 Masterton Wellington and North Import Some hedgehogs were imported by Evening Post 1894 Wairarapa Mr. Hosking 1895 Karori Wellington North Observation One hedgehog caught Taranaki Herald 1895 1896 Karori and Wellington and North Observation Poverty Bay Herald 1896 Mount Misery Wairarapa 1896 Hawke’s Bay North Import A settler brought some from England, Daily Telegraph 1896, Feilding Star 1896 the acclimatisation society bought some. 1897 Christchurch Canterbury South Observation Press 1897 1897 Merivale Canterbury South Abundance, Hedgehogs seem to be increasing in the The Star 1897 observation district, one caught and presented to the society – maybe that which was in the society garden in 1899 1897 Dunedin Otago South Proposal Alexander Bathgate again pledged to Bathgate 1897 introduce them to Otago 1898 Rangiora Canterbury South Observation One killed The Star 1898 1898 Wellington Wellington North Import One hedgehog arrived on the Ionic Marlborough Express 1898 Pipek et al.: Hedgehog introductions to New Zealand S3 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Year Locality Region Island Subject Note Reference __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1899 Merivale Canterbury South Observation The Star 1899 1899 Christchurch Canterbury South One hedgehog in the gardens of the Canterbury Acclimatisation Society 1899 acclimatisation society 1899 New Plymouth Taranaki North Pet A live hedgehog at horticultural show Taranaki Herald 1899 1900 Opawa Canterbury South Observation Very tame hedgehog (indicating again Press 1900b an escaped pet), was caught on garden, later exhibited to children in a school 1902 Roslyn Otago South Observation Otago Daily Times 1910 1903 Lyttelton Canterbury South Observation Young hedgehog caught in garden The Star 1903 1903 Timaru Canterbury South Sale Hedgehog sold in Timaru at auction Timaru Herald 1903 1904 Timaru Canterbury South Observation Cyclist punctured his tyre by running Press 1904 over a hedgehog 1905 St. Albans Canterbury South Observation Hedgehog was discovered by a dog The Star 1905 1905 Ashburton Canterbury South Observation Hedgehog run over by a vehicle Ashburton Guardian