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Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Hydropower Plants, Substations and Transmission Lines

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Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Hydropower Plants, Substations and Transmission Lines Government of Nepal Ministry of Energy DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY DEVELOPMENT Kathmandu Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Hydropower Plants, Substations and Transmission Lines January 2017 Foreword Hydropower, the invaluable gift of nature to the country and the major source of renewable energy, can play vital role in Nepalese economy by providing cost efficient & environment friendly power supply to improve energy services and by contributing to GDP growth through its export. It could be considered as the major economic backbone of the country. In the course of examining the numerous project reports related to prefeasibility study, feasibility study, completion reports, progress reports and other reports submitted, DoED has felt the need to maintain a uniform standard and streamline the quality of the reports in a manner consistent with international standards and norms, and compatible with the country’s existing environment. Accordingly, since its establishment, DoED has been involved in preparation of standards, guidelines and manuals in various aspects of hydropower and its environment study. To provide support, uniform and consistent approach for regulatory authority and owner(s) of the hydropower plant(s), substation(s) and transmission line(s), the department has prepared the present "Guidelines for Operation and Maintenance of Hydropower Plants, Substations and Transmission Lines "; and this is one of a series of documents published by the DoED, Ministry of Energy, Government of Nepal, to establish procedural guidelines for various facets of hydropower development in Nepal. The department had signed the agreement on 9th October 2014 with the Joint Venture (JV) of GEOCE consultants (P) Ltd., Hydro-Engineering Services (P) Ltd. and Nepalconsult (P) Ltd. to prepare this guideline. Standard engineering practices incorporating considerations and requirements arising from various conditions in Nepal has been used to develop this guideline. During the process a mechanism of Technical Advisory Group (TAG) consisting of ten experts were made to support the department in reviewing reports of different phases and provide suggestions to make the report of professional standard. Full day consultative meeting of concerned stakeholders was organized to discuss inception report in order to finalize the scope of work and pave ground for conceptualizing the outcome of the assignment. Similarly, field works including interactions between the study team and operation and maintenance staffs of few selected hydropower plants, transmission lines and substations were carried out to study and understand the O & M problems. Also, a 3- days residential workshop was held during the draft report stage for suggestions, inputs and experiences of the stakeholders and experts from the related field. The objective of the guideline is to provide guidance to private and public sector for safe and smooth Operation and Maintenance of the hydropower plants, substations and transmission lines focusing on the owners and O & M crews to clear understanding of various dimensions. This guideline is different from manuals provided by the manufacturers and suppliers of the related equipment because in addition to safety and smoothness it also suggests appropriate scheduling of maintenance and hence lowering O & M cost. The guideline aims to provide procedural guidance to agencies responsible for operation and maintenance of hydropower plant(s), substation(s) and transmission line(s) in Nepal and will be applied to all government, public and private sector agencies involved in the planning, design, construction, operation and maintenance and intends to serve as tools for the DoED to monitor and evaluate O & M of projects. There are still rooms for improvement even though all pertinent suggestions received at consultative meeting, TAG meetings and residential workshop during draft report finalization stage has been incorporated in this document. As the power system in Nepal is still at development stage, while the technological advancement in respect of automation is occurring at a much faster rate, updating & improvement of the guidelines will have to be done in future as appropriate. Any suggested changes in the guidelines necessary to be incorporated during future revisions is greatly welcome and can be provided to DoED. The Department acknowledges with deep gratitude the invaluable suggestions, comments and endeavor of many individuals, stakeholders from governmental and non-governmental institutions, TAG members, and participants of the consultative meeting and residential workshop. We also extend our thanks to the Joint Venture Consultants for undertaking the preparation of the Guidelines. ______________ Nabin Raj Singh Director General Department of Electricity Development - January, 2017 Table of Contents S.No. Description Page No. ABBREVIATION .................................................................................................................... iv 1.0 IMPORTANCE OF PROPER OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ....................................... 1 2.0 MANUALS, INSTRUCTIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE AND TYPES OF MAINTENANCE .......................................................................................... 2 2.1 Manuals, Instruction and Guidelines ........................................................................ 2 2.2 Types of Maintenance .............................................................................................. 2 3.0 PREVENTIVE/ROUTINE/SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE IS THE ESSENTIAL OF ALL ...... 5 4.0 GUIDELINES FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ....................................................... 6 4.1 Basics of Guidelines for O & M ................................................................................ 6 4.1.1 General ............................................................................................................. 6 4.1.2 Consideration of O & M Philosophy during Design Phase ................................ 6 4.1.3 Some Important Aspects worth Consideration in Operation and Maintenance of Hydropower Plants ........................................................................................ 7 4.1.3.1 Operation ................................................................................................... 7 4.1.3.2 Maintenance ............................................................................................... 8 4.2 Major Facilities and Equipment Covered by the Guidelines ................................... 12 4.2.1 Hydropower Plant ........................................................................................... 12 4.2.2 Switchyard ...................................................................................................... 13 4.2.3 Transmission Lines ......................................................................................... 13 4.2.4 Sub-stations .................................................................................................... 13 4.3 Guidelines for Operation of Hydropower Plants ..................................................... 13 4.3.1 Water Operation and Operation of Associated Civil Structure / Facilities ....... 14 4.3.2 Operation of Hydropower Plant Facilities/Equipment ..................................... 15 4.4 Guidelines for Operation of Transmission Lines and Substations .......................... 18 4.4.1 General ........................................................................................................... 18 4.4.2 Tools for Managing Operation ........................................................................ 20 4.4.3 Control Areas .................................................................................................. 21 4.4.4 Security ........................................................................................................... 22 4.4.5 Balancing Generation and Load ..................................................................... 23 4.4.6 Operating the System Economically ............................................................... 23 4.4.7 Application of the N-1 Criterion ....................................................................... 23 4.5 Guidelines for Maintenance of Hydropower Plants ................................................ 23 4.5.1 Maintenance of Civil Structures ...................................................................... 24 4.5.1.1 Dam/Weir and Headwork Structures ........................................................ 24 4.5.1.2 Conveyance System ............................................................................... 26 4.5.1.3 Powerhouse Structures ............................................................................ 30 4.5.1.4 Tailrace .................................................................................................... 30 4.5.1.5 Specific Inspection of Civil Structures ...................................................... 31 i 4.5.2 Maintenance of Hydro-turbine & Auxiliaries .................................................... 31 4.5.2.1 Routine Inspection and Maintenance ....................................................... 31 4.5.2.2 Capital Maintenance ................................................................................ 34 4.5.2.3 Typical Problems in the Maintenance of Hydro-turbines .......................... 35 4.5.3 Maintenance of Generator & Auxiliaries ......................................................... 37 4.5.3.1 Routine Inspection and
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