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Table Des Matieres REPUBLIQUE DE MADAGASCAR Partie - Liberté - Progrès *************** MINISTERE DES EAUX ET FORETS ---------------------------------- DIRECTION GENERALE DES EAUX ET FORETS -------------------------------- Programme de partenariat CE-FAO (1998-2000) financé par le Budget de la Foresterie Tropicale B7-6201 Projet GCP/INT/679/EC RAPPORT FINAL MEF/DGEF FAO NOVEMBRE 2001 LISTE DES ACRONYMES ET ABREVIATIONS ANGAP : Association Nationale pour la Gestion des Aires Protégées BCRM : Banque Centrale de la République de Madagascar BRET : Bilan des Recherches sur les Ecosystèmes CIRAD : Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement CNRE : Centre National sur la Recherche Environnementale CI : Conservation International CERUT : Center for the Environment and Rural Transformation CIREF : Circonscription des Eaux et Forêts CEF : Cantonnement des Eaux et Forêts CITES : Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora DGEF : Direction Générale des Eaux et Forêts DGDRF : Direction de la Gestion Durable des Ressources Forestières DIREF : Direction Inter-Régionale des Eaux et Forêts EIE : Etude d'Impact Environnemental FOFIFA : Centre National de Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Rural de Madagascar IUCN : International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Ressources IRD : Institut de recherche et de Développement INSTAT : Institut National de la Statistique MEF : Ministère des Eaux et Forêts MECIE : Mise en Comptabilité des Investissements avec l'Environnement ONE : Office National pour l'Environnement PFNL : Produits Forestiers Non-Ligneux PREE : Programme d'Engagement Environnemental SVERF : Service de la Valorisation Economique des Ressources Forestières SCB : Service de la Conservation de la Biodiversité 2 TABLE DES MATIERES Pages 0 INTRODUCTION …………………………………………………………………………. 1 01 Présentation du mandat ………………………………………………………………… 1 02 Contexte et problématique justifiant l'étude …………………………………………… 1 2 Méthodologie de collecte des données ………………………………………………… PREMIERE PARTIE : Etude Générale 1 Objectif ……………………………………………………………………………………... 4 2 Méthodologie ……………………………………………………………………………….. 4 3 Présentation des résultats …………………………………………………………………… 5 31 Informations disponibles à Madagascar ………………………………………………... 5 311 Les aspects socio-économiques ………………………………………………… 5 a) Valeur économique …………………………………………………………… 5 b) Consommation ……………………………………………………………….. 7 c) Commercialisation …………………………………………………………… 7 C1) Marché local ……………………………………………………… 7 C2) Marché international ……………………………………………… 8 d) Accès aux ressources et droit de propriété …………………………………… 8 d) Contribution au revenu et à l'emploi ………………………………………… 9 22122 Données issues des partenaires du MEF ……………………... 222 Collecte des données qualitatives ……………………………………………….. 312 Les aspects écologiques ………………………………………………………… 10 a) Production …………………………………………………………………… 10 b) Durabilité du potentiel et de l'offre …………………………………………… 11 c) Habitat ………………………………………………………………………… 11 d) Méthodes de récolte ………………………………………………………… 11 32 Les PFNL les plus importants ………………………………………………………… 11 4 Les statut des statistiques des PFNL ………………………………………………………… 12 41 Les PFNL couverts par les statistiques régionales ……………………………………... 12 42 Les types de données disponibles ……………………………………………………… 12 43 Les institutions et organisations engagées dans la collecte et analyse des données …… 13 a) Institutions gouvernementales ………………………………………………………. 13 b) Institutions non gouvernementales ………………………………………………….. 14 5 Les méthodes existantes de collecte et d'analyse actuellement utilisées à Madagascar …….. 14 6 Les pas nécessaires pour améliorer l'accessibilité des données statistiques sur les PFNL ….. 18 61 Les PFNL à couvrir par les statistiques nationales …………………………………… 18 62 Les types de données à collecter ………………………………………………………. 19 63 Organisation responsable de la collecte et de l'analyse des données …………………... 20 64 Comment lier les niveaux locaux, régionaux, nationaux pour la collecte et l'analyse …. 20 65 Les méthodes proposées pour la collecte et l'analyse ………………………………….. 20 7 Les activités de suivi ………………………………………………………………………… 21 Activités proposées pour assurer l'utilisation de la méthodologie proposée ………………... Conclusion de la Partie A …………………………………………………………………… 8 Aperçu sur le cadre légal régissant les PFNL à Madagascar ……………………………….. 21 9 Conclusion de l'Etude Générale ……………………………………………………………... 24 Bibliographie 25 3 TABLE DES MATIERES DEUXIEME PARTIE : PROPOSITION DE METHODOLOGIE Pages 1 Présentation du mandat ……………………………………………………………….. 28 11 Objet de l'étude ……………………………………………………………………. 28 12 Justification des PFNL choisis ……………………………………………………. 28 2 Méthodologie de collecte des données ………………………………………………… 28 21 Phase préparatoire ………………………………………………………………… 30 211 Détermination des sources de données …………………………………… 30 212 Analyse et synthèses des données recueillies ……………………………… 30 22 Phase de collecte des données quantitatives ……………………………………… 31 221 Collecte des données quantitatives ………………………………………… 31 2211 Données à collecter par les Services forestiers régionaux ………… 31 22111 La production ……………………………………………. 31 22112 La consommation ………………………………………... 32 a) Mode d'échantillonnage ……………………………… 32 b) Méthode de relevé ……………………………………. 32 22113 La commercialisation ……………………………………. 32 2212 Données à collecter par les Services forestiers centraux …………. 33 22121 Données issues des Services régionaux des Eaux et Forêts …. 33 22122 Données issues des partenaires du MEF ……………………... 33 222 Collecte des données qualitatives ……………………………………………….. 33 2221 Les aspects écologiques ………………………………………………… 33 2222 Les aspects socio-économiques ………………………………………… 34 23 Phase d'exploitation et analyse des données …………………………………………… 34 24 Stockage et diffusion des données ……………………………………………………... 34 3 Méthodologies spécifiques pour les études scientifiques et socio-économiques …………… 34 31 Méthodologies scientifiques …………………………………………………………… 34 32 Ethnologie ……………………………………………………………………………… 35 33 Méthodologies socio-économiques ……………………………………………………. 35 4 Mise en œuvre de la méthodologie ………………………………………………………….. 35 5 Mise en place du centre de suivi ……………………………………………………………. 39 Références bibliographiques 40 4 TABLE DES MATIERES TROISIEME PARTIE : ETUDE DE CAS Pages 3 Application et test de la méthodologie ……………………………………………………… 42 31 Espèce animale : Mantella aurantiaca ………………………………………………… 42 311 Les données quantitatives ……………………………………………………….. 42 3111 La production …………………………………………………………… 42 3112 L'habitat et l'origine …………………………………………………… 42 3113 La consommation ………………………………………………………. 42 3114 La commercialisation …………………………………………………… 43 312 Les données qualitatives ………………………………………………………… 45 3121 Aspects éco-biologiques ………………………………………………... 45 a) Généralités sur la biologie et écologie ……………………………… 46 b) La production ………………………………………………………… 49 c) L'origine de la ressource …………………………………………….. 49 3122 Aspects socio-économiques …………………………………………….. 50 a) La valeur économique ……………………………………………….. 50 b) La commercialisation ………………………………………………... 51 c) L'accès aux ressources et droits de propriété ………………………… 51 d) La contribution au revenu et à l'emploi ……………………………… 52 e) La tendance récente de l'utilisation …………………………………... 52 Recommandation partielle sur l'espèce Mantella aurantiaca …………………………………… 53 Conclusion partielle ……………………………………………………………………………… 55 Référence bibliographiques ……………………………………………………………………… 57 41 Espèce végétales : Catharanthus roseus ………………………………………………… 58 I Les données ………………………………………………………………………… II Production de Catharanthus roseus ……………………………………………… a) La production de Catharanthus roseus à Madagascar …………………………… 61 b) Durabilité du potentiel et de l'offre ……………………………………………… 63 c) L'habitat …………………………………………………………………………… 63 d) Méthode de récolte ………………………………………………………………… e) Valeur économique ………………………………………………………………… 67 f) Consommation locale ……………………………………………………………… g) La commercialisation du Catharanthus roseus …………………………………… h) Accès aux ressources et droit de propriété ………………………………………… i) Contribution au revenu et à l'emploi ……………………………………………… 67 j) Tendance actuelle de l'utilisation du Catharanthus ………………………………… 68 III Discussions …………………………………………………………………………… 71 IV Conclusion et recommandations …………………………………………………… 71 Référence Bibliographiques ………………………………………………………… 72 42 Espèce végétales : Pygeum africanum …………………………………………………….. 73 421 Les informations quantitatives ……………………………………………………… 73 422 Les informations qualitatives ……………………………………………………….. 75 Recommandation partielle sur l'espèce Pygeum africanum ……………………………….. 79 Conclusion partielle ……………………………………………………………………….. 80 5 5 Plan d'action général …………………………………………………………………….. 82 6 Proposition pour la mise en place d'un dispositif de suivi et de contrôle ……………….. 61 Les dispositifs de suivi et de contrôle ………………………………………………. 611 Le suivi administratif ………………………………………………………. 612 Le suivi scientifique ……………………………………………………….. 613 Le suivi technique …………………………………………………………. 62 Les indicateurs de suivi ……………………………………………………………. Conclusion générale ……………………………………………………………………... 83 Bibliographies ……………………………………………………………………………. ANNEXES TDR Annexe I ……………………………………………………………………………. Textes législatifs sur l'exploitation de produits de faune et de flore Annexe 2 …………… Situation des exportations 97-98-99-2000 Annexe 3 …………………………………… Fiche type de collecte des données Annexe 4 …………………………………………… Proposition de fiche de collecte de données pour la faune dans le cadre de l'exploitation du PFNL Annexe
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