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Sleipner Eng R1609 Uddeholm Sleipner Uddeholm Sleipner® 1 Uddeholm Sleipner © UDDEHOLMS AB No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted for commercial purposes without permission of the copyright holder. This information is based on our present state of knowledge and is intended to provide general notes on our products and their uses. It should not therefore be construed as a warranty of specific properties of the products described or a warranty for fitness for a particular purpose. Classified according to EU Directive 1999/45/EC For further information see our “Material Safety Data Sheets”. Edition 11, revised 09.2016, not printed 2 Uddeholm Sleipner Uddeholm Sleipner® THE CHANGING TOOLING ENVIRONMENT The tooling environment is changing to adapt to the changing market environment. Lead times are one aspect of this change and they are getting shorter and shorter. This ultimately means that more emphasis has to be placed on tool reliability in service and on time to manufac- ture the tooling. The production materials used nowadays are placing more demands on the tools and the tool steels used to manufacture them. For example, advanced high strength steel materials now being used for automotive parts place extra demands on resistance to chipping and cracking, compressive strength and wear resistance. THE MODERN GENERAL COLD WORK TOOL STEEL The classical 12 % Cr-steel such as AISI D2 or W.-Nr. 1.2379 are still the backbone of cold work tooling but their limitations are becoming more and more apparent in the changing production environment. Uddeholm Sleipner is a new 8 % Cr-steel from Uddeholms AB. Its property profile has been carefully balanced and the result is a very versatile tool steel which overcomes the limitations of the 12% Cr- steel. A VERSATILE TOOL STEEL The property profile of Uddeholm Sleipner is more versatile and superior to that of 12 % Cr-steels. The machinability, grindability and hardenability are much better and it is easier to make small repair welds. This means that Uddeholm Sleipner is the right choice for faster toolmaking. The significantly better chipping resistance also result in better tool performance and easier maintenance. 3 Uddeholm Sleipner GENERAL PROPERTIES Uddeholm Sleipner is a chromium-molyb- PHYSICAL DATA denum-vanadium alloyed tool steel which is characterised by: Hardened and tempered to 62 HRC. Data at room and elevated temperatures. • Good wear resistance • Good chipping resistance Temperature 20°C 200°C 400°C (68°F) (390°F) (750°F) • High compressive strength Density • High hardness (>60 HRC) after high kg/m3 7 730 7 680 7 620 temperature tempering lbs/in3 0.279 0.277 0.275 • Good through-hardening properties Modulus of elasticity MPa 205 000 190 000 180 000 • Good stability in hardening ksi 297 000 276 000 261 000 • Good resistance to tempering back Coefficient of • Good WEDM properties thermal expansion –after low temperature • Good machinability and grindability tempering (60 HRC) per C from 20 C–12.7 x 10–6 – • Good surface treatment properties ° ° per °F from 68°F– 7.1 x 10–6 – –after high tempera- Typical CSiMnCrMoV ture tempering analysis % 0.9 0.9 0.5 7.8 2.5 0.5 per °C from 20°C–11.6 x 10–6 12.4 x 10–6 per °F from 68°F– 6.4 x 10–6 6.9 x 10–6 Standard spec. None Thermal conductivity Delivery condition Soft annealed to approx. 235 HB W/m •°C – 20 25 2 Colour code Blue/brown Btu in/(ft h °F) – 140 170 Specific heat capacity J/kg °C 460 – – Btu/lb. °F 0.11 – – APPLICATIONS Uddeholm Sleipner is a general purpose steel for cold work tooling. It has a mixed-abrasive COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH wear profile and a good resistance to chip- The figures should be considered as ping. Furthermore a high hardness (>60 HRC) approximate. can be obtained after high temperature tempering. This means that surface treatments Hardness Compressive yield strength Rc0,2 HRC MPa ksi such as nitriding or PVD can be made on a high strength substrate. Also, it means that 50 1 700 250 55 2 050 300 complicated shapes with hardness levels 60 2 350 340 >60 HRC can be wire EDM’d from blocks with 62 2 500 360 64 2 650 380 relatively thick cross-sections with a much reduced risk of cracking. Uddeholm Sleipner is recommended for medium run tooling applications where a CHIPPING RESISTANCE resistance to mixed or abrasive wear and a Relative chipping resistance for Uddeholm good resistance to chipping are required. Sverker 21, Uddeholm Sleipner and Uddeholm Examples: Rigor at the same hardness level. • Blanking and fine blanking Relative chipping resistance • Shearing 1,75 • Forming 1,50 • Coining 1,25 • Cold forging 1,00 0,75 • Cold extrusion 0,50 • Thread rolling 0,25 • Drawing and deep drawing • Powder pressing Sverker 21 Sleipner Rigor 4 Uddeholm Sleipner ABRASIVE WEAR RESISTANCE QUENCHING MEDIA Relative abrasive wear resistance for Udde- •Vacuum (high speed gas with sufficient holm Sverker 21, Uddeholm Sleipner and overpressure minimum 2 bar) Uddeholm Rigor at the same hardness level • Martempering bath or fluidized bed at (low value means better wear resistance). approx. 200–550°C (390–1020°F) • Forced air/gas Relative abrasive wear rate 1.2 Note: Temper the tool as soon as its tempera- 1.0 ture reaches 50–70°C (120–160°F). 0.8 In order to obtain the optimum properties for 0.6 the tool, the cooling rate should be as fast as 0.4 possible with regards to acceptable distortion. A slow quench rate will result in loss of 0.2 hardness compared with the given tempering Rigor Sleipner Sverker 21 curves. Martempering should be followed by forced air cooling if wall thickness is exceeding 50 mm (2”). HEAT TREATMENT SOFT ANNEALING HARDNESS, RETAINED AUSTENITE AND GRAIN SIZE AS FUNCTION OF Protect the steel and heat through to 850°C AUSTENITIZING TEMPERATURE (1560°F). Then cool in the furnace at 10°C Grain Retained austenite % (20°F) per hour to 650°C (1200°F), then freely size Hardness HRC 35 ASTM 67 in air. Grain size 10 66 30 STRESS RELIEVING 65 Hardness 25 8 After rough machining the tool should be 64 20 heated through to 650°C (1200°F) and held for 6 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C (930°F) then 63 15 freely in air. 4 62 10 Retained austenite 61 HARDENING 2 5 Preheating temperature: 600–650°C (1110– 60 975 1000 1025 1050 1075 1100°C 1200°F) and 850–900°C (1560–1650°F) 1785 1830 1890 1920 1965 2010°F Austenitizing temperature: 950–1080°C (1740– Austenitizing temperature (30 minutes) 1980°F) but usually 1030–1050°C (1890– 1920°F). Holding time: 30 minutes Note: Holding time = time at hardening tem- perature after the tool is fully heated through. A holding time of less than recommended time will result in loss of hardness. Protect the part against decarburization and oxidation during hardening. Further information can be found in the Uddeholm brochure “Heat treatment of tool steels”. 5 Uddeholm Sleipner TEMPERING 540°C (1000°F) may increase the hardness Choose the tempering temperature according and compressive strength to some extent but to the hardness required by reference to the also impair cracking resistance and dimen- tempering graph. Temper at least twice with sional stability. However, if lowering the intermediate cooling to room temperature. tempering temperature, do not temper below For highest dimensional stability and ductil- 520°C (970°F). When tempering twice the minimum holding ity, a minimum temperature of 540°C (1000°F) and three tempers is strongly recommended. time at temperature is 2 hours. When temper- Tempering at a lower temperature than ing three times the minimum holding time is 1 hour. Hardness, HRC Retained austenite % 70 70 65 60 Hardness 60 50 55 40 1075°C/30 min. 1050°C/30 min. 50 30 45 Retained austenite 20 10 40 1030°C/30 min. 35 0 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700°C 300 390 480 570 660 750 840 930 1020 1110 1200 1290°F Tempering temperature, (2h + 2h) Above tempering curves are obtained after heat treatment of samples with a size of 15 x 15 x 40 mm, cooling in forced air. Lower hardness can be expected after heat treatment of tools and dies due to factors like actual tool size and heat treatment parameters. CCT-GRAPH Austenitizing temperature 1030°C (1890°F). Holding time 30 min. °F °C 2000 1100 Austenitizing temperature 1030°C Holding time 30 min. 1800 1000 Ac 1f 900 = 880 C 1600 ° A c1 800 s = 830°C 1400 Carbides Pearlite 700 Cooling Hard- 1200 curve ness T 600 800–500 No. HV 10 (sec.) 1000 500 1 824 2 800 2 824 11 400 3 813 140 Bainite 600 300 4 813 280 5 813 630 400 200 Ms 6 813 1241 Martensite 7 724 2482 200 100 8 649 5215 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 572 8360 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Second 1 10 100 1 000 Minutes 1 10 100 Hours Air cooling of 0.2 1.5 10 90 600 bars, Ø mm 6 Uddeholm Sleipner TTT-GRAPH Austenitizing temperature 1030°C (1890°F). Holding time 30 min. °F °C 2000 1100 Austenitizing temperature 1030°C Holding time 30 min. 1800 1000 A c1 900 f 1600 = 880°C Ac 1s 800 = 830°C 1400 Carbides Pearlite 700 Temp. Time Hardness C. h HV10 1200 ° 600 800 31,0 498 1000 500 750 3,1 266 800 725 1,6 309 400 700 3,0 304 600 300 650 19,6 239 Bainite 600 23,3 724 400 200 300 7,0 813 Martensite 250 16,3 803 200 100 200 23,4 813 1 10 100 1 000 10 000 100 000 Second 1 10 100 1 000 Minutes 1 10 100 Hours DIMENSIONAL CHANGES SUB-ZERO TREATMENT The dimensional changes have been Pieces requiring maximum dimensional measured after austenitizing and tempering.
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