DOCSLIB.ORG

Impacts of Temperature and Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Impacts of Temperature and Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting HORTSCIENCE 55(2):136–140. 2020. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14525-19 netic potential of two plants. Although vegeta- ble grafting has been known for a long time, it is being used increasingly worldwide on Sol- Impacts of Temperature and anaceae and cucurbit crops (Kubota et al., 2008; Lee et al., 2010). The merits of vegetable Rootstocks on Tomato Grafting grafting for increasing resistance to abiotic and biotic stress have been discussed in several Success Rates recent reviews, which stressed its potential for tackling food security issues (Keatinge et al., Thibault Nordey 2014; Rouphael et al., 2018). The broad genetic The World Vegetable Center, Eastern and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 10, diversity of the Solanaceae family has encour- Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania; and CIRAD, UPR Hortsys, F-34398 Montpellier, aged researchers to improve the performance of tomato plants (S. lycopersicum) by using differ- France ent rootstocks from the same species (homo- Elias Shem grafting), but also from different species (heterografting), such as eggplant (S. melon- The World Vegetable Center, Eastern and Southern Africa, P.O. Box 10, gena), african eggplant (S. macrocarpon and S. Duluti, Arusha, Tanzania aethiopicum), and wild species (S. torvum and S. integrifolium) (Lee and Oda, 2003). Synchro- Joel Huat nizing the development of seedlings used as CIRAD, UPR Hortsys, F-34398 Montpellier, France; and CIRAD, 97455 scions and rootstocks is one of the technical Saint-Pierre, La Reunion, France challenges of grafting, especially for heterograft- ing. Seedlings of eggplant, african eggplant, and Additional index words. Africa, degree-days, heterografting, homografting, vegetable wild species used as tomato rootstocks are Abstract. Numerous studies have highlighted the merits of grafting to improve the commonly sown from several days to several performance of vegetable crops. However, the technique is hindered by several obstacles, weeks before sowing scions, to ensure a similar including the synchronization of seedlings used as scions and rootstocks, and the effects of stem diameter at the time of grafting. The rootstocks and climatic conditions on grafting success rates. This study sought to gain synchronization of seedlings is particularly sen- insights into how such technical obstacles affect tomato grafting. An initial experiment sitive in nurseries, where climatic conditions are conducted in a greenhouse set out to assess the relevance of using degree-days to predict the poorly controlled, as seedling growth rates vary growth rates of seedlings used for grafting (i.e., stem diameters above cotyledons). The with temperature. It would, therefore, be in- success rate for grafting a tomato variety (Tanya) on 10 different rootstocks from different teresting to assess the accuracy of degree-days, a species—namely tomato, eggplant, african eggplant, and a wild species—was assessed at common indicator of plant phenology, to predict different temperatures (i.e., 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 8C). The effects of grafting on plant seedling development (Bonhomme, 2000; Bris- vigor (i.e., fresh biomass), number of leaves, and plant height, and on the hydraulic son et al., 2003; Jones et al., 2003; Keating et al., conductivity of xylem vessels in the plant stem were assessed 2 weeks after grafting. The 2003). The graft-take ratio, hereinafter called the results show the advantage of using degree-days to predict the ready-to-graft stage of grafting success rate, hasbeenreportedtovary seedlings, as it reduced the discrepancy among trials. The grafting success rate was more with seasons (Huat, 2003). Guidelines on the than 90% at 15 and 20 8C, but decreased significantly with higher temperatures, down to optimum temperature range for tomato grafting 20% at 40 8C. Larger variations in growth rate for seedlings used as scions and rootstocks, a vary considerably, depending on the authors, lower grafting success rate, and less vigor were recorded for heterografted plants than for from16to21°C (Kleinhenz et al., 2018) to 21 to homografted plants. The lower hydraulic conductivity measured in the stems of grafted 27 °C (Rosskopf and Pisani, 2017) to 25 to 32 °C plants, especially heterografted plants, was consistent with the lower plant vigor observed. (Black et al., 2003). An extensive study revealed Further studies are needed to investigate how grafting affects the hydraulic conductivity of that a constant temperature of 23 °Cwould xylem vessels in later developmental stages of grafted plants. appear to be the optimum for tomato grafting, and indicated that a temperature increase from 23 to 26 °C decreased the grafting success rate The environmental and human health as using plant extracts (Deberdt et al., 2012), by 13% to 26%, depending on the rootstock (Vu impacts of chemicals used to control soil- applying compost (Noble and Coventry, 2005) et al., 2013). Differences in grafting success borne pathogens (e.g., methyl bromide, or compost tea (Mengesha et al., 2017), inter- rates among rootstocks were explained carbofuran, carbosulfan) have been raising cropping (Deberdt et al., 2015), and soil previously by discontinuities in the vascular concerns and have resulted in their gradually solarization (Krueger and McSorley, 2009). bundles at the graft union (Kawaguchi et al., being phased out at various speeds depending However, such methods do not wipe out soil- 2008). on the countries involved. Efforts have been borne pathogens, but only reduce their pressure After studying the advantages of using made to identify alternatives to pesticides, such for a time in the first soil layers. Improving degree-days as an indicator of seedling plant resistance is believed to be the most growth rates, the impacts of temperature suitable way of dealing with soil-borne diseases and rootstocks on grafting success rates were assessed using differences in plant vigor (i.e., Received for publication 11 Sept. 2019. Accepted and has been considered in vegetable breeding fresh biomass), plant height, and the number for publication 24 Oct. 2019. programs for decades (Fufa et al., 2009; Melo- of leaves. The hydraulic conductivity of Published online 7 January 2020. mey et al., 2019). Breeding efforts are ham- This research was supported by GIZ within the xylem vessels in the stem was also measured GrAfrica project. We also appreciate long term pered by the genetic diversity of soil-borne to explain variations in plant vigor. strategic donors to the World Vegetable Center: pathogens and the challenge of combining various agronomic traits, such as high yield, Republic of China (Taiwan), UK aid from the UK Materials and Methods government, Australian Centre for International quality, and resistance to abiotic and biotic Agricultural Research (ACIAR), Germany, Thai- stress, in the same genotype. Grafting, the Plant materials land, Philippines, Korea, and Japan. union of two plant parts—namely, a rootstock Seedlings of tomato, eggplant, african T.N. is the corresponding author. E-mail: thibault. (base of the union to provide the root system) [email protected]. eggplant (S. aethiopicum), and a common This is an open access article distributed under the and a scion (the upper portion that carries the wild species (S. elaeagnifolium) in Tanzania CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons. harvestable yield)—is seen as a complementary (Table 1) were obtained using seedling trays org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). technique to breeding for combining the ge- with a mix of sterilized soil (i.e., 1/3 soil, 1/3 136 HORTSCIENCE VOL. 55(2) FEBRUARY 2020 Table 1. Description of plant materials. Variety Species Origin Description Status Tanya Solanum lycopersicum WORLDVEG Open-pollinated variety, determinate Scion/rootstock type with oblong fruit Tengeru 1997 Solanum lycopersicum WORLDVEG Open-pollinated variety, semi-indeterminate Rootstock type with oblong fruit Tengeru 2010 Solanum lycopersicum WORLDVEG Open-pollinated variety, semi-indeterminate Rootstock type with round fruits Hawaii Solanum lycopersicum INRA Open-pollinated Rootstock Shelter Solanum lycopersicum Rizk Zwaan Hybrid Rootstock EG 203 Solanum melongena WORLDVEG Open-pollinated Rootstock EG 190 Solanum melongena WORLDVEG Open-pollinated Rootstock DB3 Solanum aethiopicum WORLDVEG Open-pollinated Rootstock Tengeru White Solanum aethiopicum WORLDVEG Open-pollinated Rootstock Wild Solanum elaeagnifolium Wild Open-pollinated Rootstock compost, 1/3 sand). The seedlings were Table 2. Climatic conditions recorded over the four trials to assess seedling growth rates. irrigated daily with a watering can and fertilizer Mean temp Maximum temp Minimum temp Air moisture was applied each week with a 17–17–17 NPK Trials Sowing date (°C) (°C) (°C) (%) –1 fertilizer solution diluted to 2.5 g·L . Grafted 1 8 June 2018 22.8 42.5 11.8 65.8 plants were obtained using the splice technique 2 18 June 2018 23.0 42.5 11.8 64.8 described by Black et al. (2003). Briefly, 3- 3 20 July 2018 24.4 42.5 13.3 61.9 week-old tomato seedlings used as scions were 4 10 Aug. 2018 24.2 42.5 13.3 63.4 grafted onto the varieties described in Table 1. The stems of the scions and rootstocks were cut above the ground, with an open bottom section, obliquely at a 30° angle above the cotyledons to avoid direct exposure to solar radiation. The Table 3. Climatic data recorded in climate using sterilized blades. The surfaces of the cut temperature and air moisture recorded during chambers. scions and rootstocks were then gently joined the four trials are summarized in Table 2. Climate Mean temp Mean air moisture together using a transparent plastic clip mea- Assessing the impacts of temperature and chambers (°C) (%) suring 1.6 mm in diameter. The grafted plants rootstocks on grafting success rates, plant 1 15.4 ± 1.0 97.4 ± 8.5 were stacked and kept for 3 d in a healing vigor, and hydraulic conductivity. Variations in 2 20.1 ± 0.8 97.8 ± 6.02 chamber in the dark, then left to recover under grafting success rates depending on the temper- 3 25.3 ± 1.3 99.1 ± 3.7 artificial light (5 mmol·m–2·d–1) for 15 d.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Effect of Gamma Irradiation, Packaging and Storage on the Microbiological Quality of Garden Eggs
    International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 2014; 3(4): 340-346 Published online August 10, 2014 (http://www.sciencepublishinggroup.com/j/ijnfs) doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.26 ISSN: 2327-2694 (Print); ISSN: 2327-2716 (Online) Effect of gamma irradiation, packaging and storage on the microbiological quality of garden eggs 1 2 3 2 Abraham Adu-Gyamfi , Nkansah Minnoh Riverson , Nusrut Afful , Victoria Appiah 1Radiation Technology Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana 2Department of Nuclear Agriculture and Radiation Processing, School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana 3Biotechnology Centre, Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Accra, Ghana Email address: [email protected] (A. Adu-Gyamfi), [email protected] (N. M. Riverson), [email protected] (V. Appiah), [email protected] (N. Afful) To cite this article: Abraham Adu-Gyamfi, Nkansah Minnoh Riverson, Nusrut Afful, Victoria Appiah. Effect of Gamma Irradiation, Packaging and Storage on the Microbiological Quality of Garden Eggs. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. Vol. 3, No. 4, 2014, pp. 340-346. doi: 10.11648/j.ijnfs.20140304.26 Abstract: Garden eggs are important economic vegetable crops grown in most tropical countries. The effect of gamma irradiation (1 – 3 kGy), packaging (polyethylene) and storage (5 weeks at 29±1ºC) on the microbiological quality of three varieties of garden eggs ( Solanum aethiopicum GH 8772 and Solanum aethiopicum GH 8773, and Solanum torvum ) were studied. The population of aerobic mesophiles and yeasts and moulds were assessed by the method of serial dilution and pour plating.
    [Show full text]
  • Oil and Fatty Acids in Seed of Eggplant (Solanum Melongena
    American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences Original Research Paper Oil and Fatty Acids in Seed of Eggplant ( Solanum melongena L.) and Some Related and Unrelated Solanum Species 1Robert Jarret, 2Irvin Levy, 3Thomas Potter and 4Steven Cermak 1Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 1109 Experiment Street, Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA 2Department of Chemistry, Gordon College, 255 Grapevine Road, Wenham, MA 01984 USA 3Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory, P.O. Box 748, Tifton, Georgia 31793 USA 4Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Bio-Oils Research Unit, 1815 N. University St., Peoria, IL 61604 USA Article history Abstract: The seed oil content of 305 genebank accessions of eggplant Received: 30-09-2015 (Solanum melongena ), five related species ( S. aethiopicum L., S. incanum Revised: 30-11-2015 L., S. anguivi Lam., S. linnaeanum Hepper and P.M.L. Jaeger and S. Accepted: 03-05-2016 macrocarpon L.) and 27 additional Solanum s pecies, was determined by NMR. Eggplant ( S. melongena ) seed oil content varied from 17.2% (PI Corresponding Author: Robert Jarret 63911317471) to 28.0% (GRIF 13962) with a mean of 23.7% (std. dev = Department of Agriculture, 2.1) across the 305 samples. Seed oil content in other Solanum species Agricultural Research Service, varied from 11.8% ( S. capsicoides-PI 370043) to 44.9% ( S. aviculare -PI Plant Genetic Resources Unit, 420414). Fatty acids were also determined by HPLC in genebank 1109 Experiment Street, accessions of S. melongena (55), S. aethiopicum (10), S. anguivi (4), S. Griffin, Georgia 30223, USA incanum (4) and S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Fungi Associated with Leaf Blight of Solanum Aethiopicum L
    atholog P y & nt a M l i P c f r o o b l Ibiam and Nwigwe, J Plant Pathol Microb 2013, 4:7 i Journal of a o l n o r g u DOI: 10.4172/2157-7471.1000191 y o J ISSN: 2157-7471 Plant Pathology & Microbiology Research Article Open Access The Effect of Fungi Associated with Leaf Blight of Solanum aethiopicum L. in the Field on the Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of the Leaves and Fruits of the Plant Ibiam OFA* and Nwigwe I Department of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria Abstract The leaves of Solanum aethiopicum L. in the field was investigated for possible isolation and identification of fungi associated with leaf-spot disease of the plant. The nutrients and phytochemical contents of the apparently healthy fruits and leaves and the infected leaves of Solanum aethiopicum L. were determined. Determined also is the effect of the disease on the nutrient and phyto-chemical content of the leaves. Results showed that Sclerotium rolfsii was isolated from the blighted leaves of Solanum aethiopicum L. The apparently healthy leaves had the highest amount of protein and carbohydrates, while the infected leaves had the least amount. Vitamin C and fibre contents were the highest in the apparently healthy fruit, but least in the infected leaves. The phosphate and phosphorus concentrations were the highest in the infected leaves than in healthy ones. The concentration of Na and Mn in infected leaves was higher than in apparently healthy fruit and leaves, whereas the Ca concentration in apparently healthy leaves was higher those in apparently healthy fruits and infected leaves.
    [Show full text]
  • SOLANACEAE 茄科 Qie Ke Zhang Zhi-Yun, Lu An-Ming; William G
    Flora of China 17: 300–332. 1994. SOLANACEAE 茄科 qie ke Zhang Zhi-yun, Lu An-ming; William G. D'Arcy Herbs, shrubs, small trees, or climbers. Stems sometimes prickly, rarely thorny; hairs simple, branched, or stellate, sometimes glandular. Leaves alternate, solitary or paired, simple or pinnately compound, without stipules; leaf blade entire, dentate, lobed, or divided. Inflorescences terminal, overtopped by continuing axes, appearing axillary, extra-axillary, or leaf opposed, often apparently umbellate, racemose, paniculate, clustered, or solitary flowers, rarely true cymes, sometimes bracteate. Flowers mostly bisexual, usually regular, 5-merous, rarely 4- or 6–9-merous. Calyx mostly lobed. Petals united. Stamens as many as corolla lobes and alternate with them, inserted within corolla, all alike or 1 or more reduced; anthers dehiscing longitudinally or by apical pores. Ovary 2–5-locular; placentation mostly axile; ovules usually numerous. Style 1. Fruiting calyx often becoming enlarged, mostly persistent. Fruit a berry or capsule. Seeds with copious endosperm; embryo mostly curved. About 95 genera with 2300 species: best represented in western tropical America, widespread in temperate and tropical regions; 20 genera (ten introduced) and 101 species in China. Some species of Solanaceae are known in China only by plants cultivated in ornamental or specialty gardens: Atropa belladonna Linnaeus, Cyphomandra betacea (Cavanilles) Sendtner, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willdenow) Berchtold & Presl, Nicotiana alata Link & Otto, and Solanum jasminoides Paxton. Kuang Ko-zen & Lu An-ming, eds. 1978. Solanaceae. Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 67(1): 1–175. 1a. Flowers in several- to many-flowered inflorescences; peduncle mostly present and evident. 2a. Fruit enclosed in fruiting calyx.
    [Show full text]
  • Plants Or Produce Interceptions of Commodities
    Interceptions of commodities imported into the EU EUROPHYT- European Union or Switzerland with harmful organism(s) Notification System For Plant Health Interceptions Notified during the month of: Décembre 2019 Number of interceptions with harmful organisms: 122 Data extracted on: 02/01/2020 *The sums indicated do not necessarily correspond to the number of interception notifications sent by EUROPHYT to the exporting country. One notification may contain interceptions of several plants or harmful organisms shown individually in the tables. Plants or produce Country of Number of Commodity Plant Species Harmful Organism Export interceptions OTHER LIVING PLANTS : FRUIT & AFGHANISTAN CITRUS AURANTIUM Elsinoë australis 1 VEGETABLES AFGHANISTAN Sum:* 1 OTHER LIVING PLANTS : FRUIT & ANGOLA PSIDIUM GUAJAVA Zaprionus tuberculatus 1 VEGETABLES ANGOLA Sum:* 1 BANGLADESH OTHER LIVING PLANTS : LEAVES PIPER BETLE Aleyrodidae 1 BANGLADESH Sum:* 1 OTHER LIVING PLANTS : FRUIT & BURKINA FASO SOLANUM AETHIOPICUM Thysanoptera 2 VEGETABLES BURKINA FASO Sum:* 2 OTHER LIVING PLANTS : LEAVES LIMNOPHILA Bemisia tabaci 1 CAMBODIA OTHER LIVING PLANTS : FRUIT & PERSICARIA ODORATA Bemisia tabaci 1 VEGETABLES CAMBODIA Sum:* 2 Country of Number of Commodity Plant Species Harmful Organism Export interceptions OTHER LIVING PLANTS : FRUIT & CITRUS MAXIMA Bactrocera 2 VEGETABLES CHINA INTENDED FOR PLANTING : LYCIUM BARBARUM Potato spindle tuber viroid 1 SEEDS CHINA Sum:* 3 OTHER LIVING PLANTS : FRUIT & PHYSALIS Spodoptera eridania 1 VEGETABLES COLOMBIA OTHER LIVING PLANTS
    [Show full text]
  • Dichotomous Keys to the Species of Solanum L
    A peer-reviewed open-access journal PhytoKeysDichotomous 127: 39–76 (2019) keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa... 39 doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.127.34326 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://phytokeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands Sandra Knapp1, Maria S. Vorontsova2, Tiina Särkinen3 1 Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK 2 Compa- rative Plant and Fungal Biology Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK 3 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK Corresponding author: Sandra Knapp ([email protected]) Academic editor: Leandro Giacomin | Received 9 March 2019 | Accepted 5 June 2019 | Published 19 July 2019 Citation: Knapp S, Vorontsova MS, Särkinen T (2019) Dichotomous keys to the species of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands. PhytoKeys 127: 39–76. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.127.34326 Abstract Solanum L. (Solanaceae) is one of the largest genera of angiosperms and presents difficulties in identifica- tion due to lack of regional keys to all groups. Here we provide keys to all 135 species of Solanum native and naturalised in Africa (as defined by World Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions): continental Africa, Madagascar (incl. the Indian Ocean islands of Mauritius, La Réunion, the Comoros and the Seychelles), Macaronesia and the Cape Verde Islands. Some of these have previously been pub- lished in the context of monographic works, but here we include all taxa.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Three Distinct Eggplant Subgroups Within the Solanum Aethiopicum Gilo Group from Côte D’Ivoire by Morpho-Agronomic Characterization
    Agriculture 2014, 4, 260-273; doi:10.3390/agriculture4040260 OPEN ACCESS agriculture ISSN 2077-0472 www.mdpi.com/journal/agriculture Article Identification of Three Distinct Eggplant Subgroups within the Solanum aethiopicum Gilo Group from Côte d’Ivoire by Morpho-Agronomic Characterization Auguste Kouassi *, Eric Béli-Sika †, Tah Yves-Nathan Tian-Bi, Oulo Alla-N’Nan, Abou B. Kouassi, Jean-Claude N’Zi, Assanvo S.-P. N’Guetta and Bakary Tio-Touré Laboratory of Genetics, Félix Houphouët Boigny University, 22 BP 582 Abidjan 22, Cote d’Ivoire; E-Mails: [email protected] (T.Y.-N.T.-B.); [email protected] (O. A.-N.); [email protected] (A.B.K.); [email protected] (J.-C.N); [email protected] (A.S.-P.N.); [email protected] (B.T.-T.) † Deceased. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel./Fax: +225-22-421599. Received: 10 July 2014; in revised form: 26 September 2014 / Accepted: 5 October 2014/ Published: 20 October 2014 Abstract: The Solanum aethiopicum Gilo group, described as homogeneous, shows a high diversity, at least at the morphological level. In Côte d’Ivoire, farmers distinguish three subgroups, named “N’Drowa”, “Klogbo” and “Gnangnan”, within this group. Data were obtained from 10 quantitative and 14 qualitative morpho-agronomic traits measured in 326 accessions of Gilo eggplants, at flowering and fruiting stages. Univariate and multivariate analyses allowed clearly clustering the studied accessions into the three subgroups. Fruit taste, leaf blade width, fruit diameter, leaf blade length, fruit weight, fruit color at commercial ripeness, petiole length, germination time, plant breadth, fruit position on the plant, fruit length and flowering time were, in decreasing order, the twelve most discriminating traits.
    [Show full text]
  • Document Downloaded From: This Paper Must Be Cited As: the Final Publication Is Available at Copyright Additional Information Ht
    Document downloaded from: http://hdl.handle.net/10251/160221 This paper must be cited as: García-Fortea, E.; Gramazio, P.; Vilanova Navarro, S.; Fita, A.; Mangino, G.; Villanueva- Párraga, G.; Arrones-Olmo, A.... (2019). First successful backcrossing towards eggplant (Solanum melongena) of a New World species, the silverleaf nightshade (S-elaeagnifolium), and characterization of interspecific hybrids and backcrosses. Scientia Horticulturae. 246:563-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.018 The final publication is available at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.11.018 Copyright Elsevier Additional Information 1 First successful backcrossing towards eggplant (Solanum melongena) of a New 2 World species, the silverleaf nightshade (S. elaeagnifolium), and characterization 3 of interspecific hybrids and backcrosses 4 5 Edgar García-Fortea1, Pietro Gramazio1, Santiago Vilanova1, Ana Fita1, Giulio 6 Mangino1, Gloria Villanueva1, Andrea Arrones1, Sandra Knapp2, Jaime Prohens1, 7 Mariola Plazas1,* 8 9 1Instituto de Conservación y Mejora de la Agrodiversidad Valenciana, Universitat 10 Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera 14, 46022 Valencia, Spain 11 2Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 12 5BD, United Kingdom 13 14 *Corresponding author. 15 E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Plazas) 16 17 ABSTRACT 18 Silverleaf nightshade (Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.) is a drought tolerant invasive 19 weed native to the New World. Despite its interest for common eggplant (S. melongena 20 L.) breeding, up to now no success has been obtained in introgression breeding of 21 eggplant with American Solanum species. Using an interspecific hybrid between 22 common eggplant and S. elaeagnifolium as maternal parent we were able to obtain 23 several fruits with viable seed after pollination with S.
    [Show full text]
  • Mechanical Properties African Eggplant (Solanum Aethiopicum L. Bello) Fruits, As Influenced by Maturation
    Direct Research Journal of Engineering and Information Technology ISSN 2354-4155 Vol. 6(2), pp. 14-17, May 2019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5606413 Article Number: DRJEIT603512948 Copyright © 2019 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article http://directresearchpublisher.org/journal/drjeit/ Research Paper Mechanical Properties African Eggplant ( Solanum aethiopicum L. Bello ) Fruits, as Influenced by Maturation 1Nwanze N. E., and *2 Nyorere, O. 1Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria. 2Department of Agricultural and Bio-Environmental Engineering Technology, Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro, Delta State, Nigeria. *Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected] Received 20 March 2019; Accepted 22 April, 2019 This study was carried out to evaluate the importance of stage 2; before it drops again by about 28% between stage 2 and maturation level on the mechanical properties of agricultural stage 3. The rupture force increased from 353.88 to 700.20 N materials. In this study, some mechanical parameters (failure between maturity stages 1 and 2 but decreased to 542.91 N as force, failure energy, rupture force and rupture energy) of Bello maturity processed to stage 3. The data obtained from this study eggplants were tested in three maturation levels. The fruits were will be helpful in designing harvest and post-harvest machines for harvested at periods of 25, 30 and 35 days after pollination (DAP), eggplant production. and the mechanical parameters tested for immediately using the Universal Testing Machine. The results showed that maturation of the eggplant fruit had significant effect (P ≤ 0.05) all the mechanical parameters tested for.
    [Show full text]
  • Grafting Onto African Eggplant Enhances Growth, Yield and Fruit Quality of Tomatoes in Tropical Forest Ecozones
    Journal Journal of Applied Horticulture, 15(1): 16-20, 2013 Appl Grafting onto African eggplant enhances growth, yield and fruit quality of tomatoes in tropical forest ecozones G.O. Nkansah1*, A.K. Ahwireng2, C. Amoatey2 and A.W. Ayarna1 1Forest and Horticultural Crops Research Centre, Institute of Agricultural Research, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana. 2Crop Science Department, School of Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Consumer Sciences University of Ghana, Legon, Accra. *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Field experiments were conducted at the Teaching and Research farm of the University of Ghana Forest and Horticultural Crop Research Centre (FOHCREC), Okumaning-Kade to investigate the effect of grafting on growth, yield, disease resistance and fruit quality of tomatoes grafted onto two different African eggplant rootstocks. Two commercial tomato varieties (‘Tropimech’ and ‘Roma’) were used as scions and two African eggplant varieties (‘Aworoworo’ and ‘Green’) were used as rootstocks. The scion/rootstock combinations or treatments were ‘Roma/Green’, ‘Tropimech/Green’, ‘Roma/Aworoworo’, ‘Tropimech/Aworoworo’, ‘Roma/Roma’, ‘Tropimech/Tropimech’, and Roma non-grafted (control) and Tropimech nongrafted (control). The results indicated that, grafted tomatoes on African eggplant rootstocks performed better in terms of growth, yield, earliness, disease incidence and shelf life than non-grafted or control plants. Pooled mean data indicated signifi cant differences in terms of percent fruit set, fruit number and weight among the treatments. Percent fruit set was higher for tomato on Africa eggplant (67.9) compared to the self grafted (58.7) and the control (52.6). Fruit number/plant and yield of tomato on the African eggplant was 16.2 and 1120.7g/plant compared to the control (10.8 and 916g/plant) while the self grafted had 13.2 and 1064.9g/plant, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Bibliography of the Genetic Resources of Traditional African Vegetables
    Neglected leafy green vegetable crops in Africa Vol. 2 Bibliographyof traditional ofAfrican the genetic vegetables resources N.M. Mnzava, J.A. Dearing, L. Guarino, J.A. Chweya (compilers) and H. de Koeijer (editor) Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs Development Cooperation Bibliographyof traditional ofAfrican the genetic vegetables resources N.M. Mnzava, J.A. Dearing, L. Guarino, J.A. Chweya (compilers) and H. de Koeijer (editor) The International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI) is an autonomous international scientific orga- nization, supported by the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR). IPGRI’s mandate is to advance the conservation and use of genetic diversity for the well-being of present and future generations. IPGRI’s headquarters is based in Rome, Italy, with offices in another 14 countries worldwide. It operates through three programmes: (1) the Plant Genetic Resources Programme, (2) the CGIAR Genetic Resources Support Programme, and (3) the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP). CAB International (CABI) is an international, intergovernmental, not-for-profit organization. Its mission is to help improve human welfare worldwide through the dissemination, application and generation of scientific knowledge in support of sustainable development, with emphasis on agriculture, forestry, human health and the management of natural resources, and with particular attention to the needs of developing countries. The international status of IPGRI is conferred under
    [Show full text]
  • Composition and Medicinal Uses of Five Plant Products Traditionally Used As Blood Builders in South East Nigeria- a Review [1]
    ACTA SCIENTIFIC NUTRITIONAL HEALTH (ISSN: 2582-1423) Volume 3 Issue 8 August 2019 Research Article Composition and Medicinal Uses of Five Plant Products Traditionally used as Blood Builders in South East Nigeria- A Review [1] Ojimelukwe PC* Department of Food science and technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, Nigeria *Corresponding Author: Ojimelukwe PC, Department of Food science and technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia state, Nigeria. Received: May 24, 2019; Published: July 08, 2019 DOI: 10.31080/ASNH.2019.03.0359 Abstract Anaemia is a very common global public health problem which normally aggravates other diseases such as malaria. It accounts for low work output, high frequencies of ill health and high mortality rates. Weakness is the commonest symptom associated with anaemia. Traditional practices associated with anaemia control primarily focus on the use of perceived blood builders to combat weakness and replace lost blood. Solanum aethiopicum, Sida rhombifolia, Irvinia gabonensis, Fiscus capensis and Curcubita maxima are some of the plant products traditionally perceived as blood builders in South East Nigeria. The plant products are found in several parts of the world but were used as traditional blood builders in South east Nigeria and are presently neglected. The chemical com- position, morphological characteristics, and medicinal uses of the plant products associated with traditional concepts about blood building are reviewed in this paper. The iron content and select vitamin and minerals in parts of the plant products used tradition- ally as blood builders were determined and compared with available data in literature. Solanum aethiopicum, Sida rhombofolia and Curcubita maxima Solanum aethiopicum, Sida rhombofilia and Fiscus capensis are rich in pro-vitamin A, while Solanum aethiopicum and Curcubita maxima are rich sources of vitamin C.
    [Show full text]