DOCSLIB.ORG

Spines on the Finally, NEWMAN, the Morphology and Spines In

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Odonalologica 18(2): 147-178 June I. 1989 Spines on the wing veins in Odonata 2. Anisozygoptera and Anisoptera * M. D’Andrea and S. Carfì Dipartimento di Biologia animale e Genetica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Romana 17, I-50125 Firenze, Italy Received August 23, 1988 / Accepted September 18, 1988 The spines on the convex and concave wing nervures in Anisozygoplera and Anisoptera differ morphologically and, according to their location, also in distri- bution and size. The latter is correlated to the surface and wing chords. The relative the and and both of numbers ofspines on fore hind wings on surfaces the same wing constant in the two suborders. these are Comparing results with those on Zygoptera D’ANDREA & S. (M. CARFl, 1988, Odonatologica 17; 313-335) reveals a sub- stantial uniformity of this trait in the entire order of Odonata. INTRODUCTION The of the veins of presence spines on wing Odonata was noted by SEGUY in (1959) Cordulia aenea and by HERTEL (1966) in Aeshna cyanea, where he the says nervures are "covered above and below with small spurs (about0.015 in diameterand 0.15 but adds that ”we mm mm long)” cannot yet say what the function of these spurs is”. Finally, NEWMAN, SAVAGE & SCHOUELLA (1977) commented on the morphology and size of the spines in Aeshna in- but did their terrupta, not go beyond suggesting that function was to make the little is known about the wing aerodynamic. Thus, to date, more spines except that they exist. This follows paper our recent report on the wing spines in Zygoptera & (D’ANDREA CARFl, 1988), completing a preliminary study of these in Odonata. Our research data structures provides on the phylogeny, mor- phology and distribution of the spines, and tends of affirm their aerodynamic importance. * Study financed by the Ministero della Pubblica Istruzione (60%). 148 M. D'Andrea & S. Carfi The morphology and size of the spines were studied under a SEM and their distribution under a stereomicroscope. The nomenclature of the wing venation follows that of T1LLYARD & FRASER (1938-1940). GENERAL APPEARANCE IN ANISOZYGOPTERA AND ANISOPTERA The distinction morphological between the wing nervure spines in Zygoptera is these either short carinate quite simple: are (8-18 /am, small, stubby and teeths, termed S) or (20-70 long longitudinal grooved processes termed L) (D’ANDREA & CARFl, The L occur on the surface of 1988) 1. spines upper the (-) longitudinals and lower surface of the (+) longitudinals, while the S spines have the opposite distribution as shown in Figure 1. Fig. I. Morphology and distribution of the spines in Zygoptera. The of exist in The S same type spines Anisoptera. spines are usually less numerous and occasionally larger than those found in Zygoptera and occur on the upper surface of the (+) longitudinals and lower surface of the (-) longitu- dinals. The L spines occur on the opposite surfaces as well as on the lower side of the cross veins. The spines on the upper surface ofthe cross veins couldbe termed L spines ifnot for the following peculiarities: (a) they are smaller(1 /2 to 1 /3) than the — underlaying ones, particularly near the wing borders, (b) decrease in size in proximity to the anal field, particularly on the hind wing, until resembling small carinate which spines also occur on the hind borders, conferring (as in Zygoptera) denticulate — a profile to the wing nervure, (c) vary in size in relationship to the wing surface and chord like the carinate spines (Fig. 4), and they (d) resemble elongated spines in some primitive Zygoptera. Thus, these have been labelled S elongate (Se) spines. According to the distinctionbetween Se and Sc spines, the S spines occurring in Zygoptera are Sc spines. They occur in single rows on the M nervures, except on the upper surface ofthe R + where there are two parallel rows of S carinate (Sc) spines. The L shrink in size the spines towards margin, following the same gradient in do the Se the surface of the veins. seen Zygoptera, as spines on upper cross At the Sc w ing base the spines on both surfaces ofthe longitudinals appear as distinct Spines on Anisozygoptera and Anisoptera wing veins 149 ’’teeth”, shrinking towards the margins. In proximity to the hind margin they can thinner become and occasionally longer. The L spines on the upper (-) and lower surfaces of the (+) longitudinals are always longer than those on the adjacent cross veins. This fact, together with the variation in size occurring along it difficult the wing, makes to establish a norm for the size ofthe S and L spines which is indicative of entire the wing. Thus the dimensions given in Table IX are calculated in the central of fore means zone the wing at the level of the nodus. The difference in size between the S and L tends in spines to disappear step with the reduction in morphological differences between the (+) and (-) longitu- dinals, typically at the margins (where the lower L spines are always slightly thanthe S and in the transition longer upper spines) zone at the convex base ofthe intercalaries on the upper surface (and vice versa on the lower surface) where the L spines shrink to the size of S spines (as in Zygoptera). Some longitudinal nervures occasionally show a slight incavation in which case the Sc spines ap- longer and aciform (base of the R on the lower surface, and now pear 3 and then on other nervures). There is interindividual an ample variability in the quantity of spines on the in wing surface, as Zygoptera, but the ratio between the fore and hind wings and between the surfaces ofthe is two same wing roughly the same in bothconspecific and This in ratio intraspecific specimens. similarity allows a preliminary eva- luation ofthe without statistical of phenomenon a analysis the many specimens of each species. the veins Tiny spines on cross adjacent to the insertion point ofthe (+) and (-) similar those observed in longitudinals, to Zygoptera, are present up to but not beyond the distal half of the wing. The specimen of Epiophlebia superstes, which does not differ substantially from the above, has Se spines on the cross veins ofthe upper wing surface. The Sc on the spines longitudinal nervures are small and dense; denticulated as in Zygoptera, and grow in size in proximity to the margin. APPEARANCE IN ANISOZYGOPTERA AND ANISOPTERA FAMILIES Anisozygoptera EPIOPHLEBIIDAE Epiophlebia superstes (Selys, 1889) I <3, Japan surface. — A few Sc the Upper tiny spines are present on R+M, R and R, Pt Distinct and IR (from on). spines occur on R and a transition zone the 2 3 along 150 M. D’Andrea & S. Carfi base of IR A has between the base and discoidal cell and 2 . , large "teeth”(Sc) (DC) is thereafter. about AThefirstthird smooth Tiny spines reappear halfway along of Ma is also smooth. Tiny L spines on Sc vein, Rs and R .R *s appear 2+3 2 smooth almost up to the Pt. Several L appear on R (at about the long spines 2 level of the Pt), R R and CuP. The cross veins have Se which are 3 , 4+5 spines tiny hind at the first veins of field at the margins and apex. The 5-6 cross the anal are smooth while those between R and Rs have several tiny spines. Ans and Pns have evident spines between C and Sc and between R, and f^. in Fig. 2. Ratios between fore/hind (f/h) and upper/lower (u/1) Epiophlebia superstes and some h: — 1: lower surface; — f: fore — hind Aeshnoidea. — [u: upper wing surface; wing wing; wing]. and veins 151 Spines on Anisozygoptera Anisoptera wing Lower surface. — R and R have Sc entire tiny spines along the nervure, R 2 3 4+5 is smooth to the level ofthe nodus and then like CuP up appears the above. has is denticulate about a dozen spines after DC and feebly on the margin. Sc vein is smooth. All the (+) longitudinals have L spines except R+M, R and the first fourth of R,. The distribution and morphology of the L spines on the cross veins is like that of the overlying Se spines. in in The spines E. superstes are greatest number and equally dense on the upper hindand lower fore wing surface (Tab. 1). The fore/hind ratio is higher for the lower wing surface in all sectors except GG (Ans). The high valueof AA (that is, more spines in the posterior anal field) and low value of GG on the lower surface (that is, many more spines on the hind Ans) does not occur in Anisoptera (Tab. 111. Fig. 2). The upper/lower ratio (between the upper surface Se spines lower surface maximum and L spines) reaches a in DD (between R, and RJ in the hind and minimumin EE and This — wing, a (Pns R, prior to the Pt). trend ofa minimumAA, maximum DD, minimum EE and slight increase in values in FF — is common for both wings in Anisoptera (cf. Tabs V, VI, Figs 2, 3). Anisoptera PETALURIDAE Uropetala carovei (White, 1843) I <J, Australia — Sc in size after Upper surface. Large spines are present on R, (shrinking the the initial tract of IR and MA, the basal tract of and CuP, the Pt), 3 A, (for A, tract leading up to the DC will hereafterbe referred to as "basal” and that follo- wing the DC as ”distal”). Smaller and occasionally thinnerspines occur on R, the distal tracts of IR MA and A,. Several L spines are on the 3, present (-) longitudinals, except on Sc and Rs which are smooth.
Recommended publications
  • Critical Species of Odonata in Eastern Africa

    Critical Species of Odonata in Eastern Africa

    --- Guardians of the watershed. Global status of dragonflies: critical species, threat and conservation --- Critical species of Odonata in eastern Africa Viola Clausnitzer Liebenauer Stra~e 180, D-0611 0 Halle/Saale, Germany. <violacl®gmx.de> Key words: Odonata, dragonfly, IUCN, critical species, conservation, eastern Africa. ABSTRACT From eastern Africa, ranging from Somalia and Ethiopia south to Mozambique and Zimbabwe and west to eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and Botswana, ca 500 species of Odonata are known. Comments on species and sites of conserva­ tion concern are given as well as recommendations for future research and conservation activities. Due to the rapid and ongoing destruction of forests, especially of coastal, Guineo-Congolian and Eastern Arc forests, species confined to these habitats are the most threatened. REGIONAL DEFINITION Eastern Africa is not a fixed political or geographical description for a specific area. Here the term is used for the region comprising the Rift Valley from Ethiopia south­ ward to Mozambique and northern Botswana and westward to eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and eastern Angola. The neighbouring regions are covered to the south by Sam ways (2004 ), to the southwest by Suhling et al. (2004 ), to the west by Dijkstra & Vick (2004) and to the north by Jodicke et al. (2004). As biogeo­ graphy and faunistic distributions do not follow political borders, there may be overlaps with neighbouring regions. The area considered here covers some of the most important centres for endemism and regions of high biodiversity in Africa, namely forested mountain chains along the Albertine Rift and the Eastern Arc and coastal forests (e.g.
  • The Classification and Diversity of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)*

    The Classification and Diversity of Dragonflies and Damselflies (Odonata)*

    Zootaxa 3703 (1): 036–045 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Correspondence ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2013 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3703.1.9 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9F5D2E03-6ABE-4425-9713-99888C0C8690 The classification and diversity of dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata)* KLAAS-DOUWE B. DIJKSTRA1, GÜNTER BECHLY2, SETH M. BYBEE3, RORY A. DOW1, HENRI J. DUMONT4, GÜNTHER FLECK5, ROSSER W. GARRISON6, MATTI HÄMÄLÄINEN1, VINCENT J. KALKMAN1, HARUKI KARUBE7, MICHAEL L. MAY8, ALBERT G. ORR9, DENNIS R. PAULSON10, ANDREW C. REHN11, GÜNTHER THEISCHINGER12, JOHN W.H. TRUEMAN13, JAN VAN TOL1, NATALIA VON ELLENRIEDER6 & JESSICA WARE14 1Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, PO Box 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected] 2Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 3Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 401 WIDB, Provo, UT. 84602 USA. E-mail: [email protected] 4Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. E-mail: [email protected] 5France. E-mail: [email protected] 6Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food & Agriculture, 3294 Meadowview Road, Sacramento, CA 95832- 1448, USA. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] 7Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural History, 499 Iryuda, Odawara, Kanagawa, 250-0031 Japan. E-mail: [email protected] 8Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, Blake Hall, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA.
  • Phylogeny of the Higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an Exploration of the Most Speciose Superfamily of Dragonflies

    Phylogeny of the Higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): an Exploration of the Most Speciose Superfamily of Dragonflies

    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 45 (2007) 289–310 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Phylogeny of the higher Libelluloidea (Anisoptera: Odonata): An exploration of the most speciose superfamily of dragonflies Jessica Ware a,*, Michael May a, Karl Kjer b a Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, 93 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA b Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources, Rutgers University, 14 College Farm Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA Received 8 December 2006; revised 8 May 2007; accepted 21 May 2007 Available online 4 July 2007 Abstract Although libelluloid dragonflies are diverse, numerous, and commonly observed and studied, their phylogenetic history is uncertain. Over 150 years of taxonomic study of Libelluloidea Rambur, 1842, beginning with Hagen (1840), [Rambur, M.P., 1842. Neuropteres. Histoire naturelle des Insectes, Paris, pp. 534; Hagen, H., 1840. Synonymia Libellularum Europaearum. Dissertation inaugularis quam consensu et auctoritate gratiosi medicorum ordinis in academia albertina ad summos in medicina et chirurgia honores.] and Selys (1850), [de Selys Longchamps, E., 1850. Revue des Odonates ou Libellules d’Europe [avec la collaboration de H.A. Hagen]. Muquardt, Brux- elles; Leipzig, 1–408.], has failed to produce a consensus about family and subfamily relationships. The present study provides a well- substantiated phylogeny of the Libelluloidea generated from gene fragments of two independent genes, the 16S and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and using models that take into account non-independence of correlated rRNA sites. Ninety-three ingroup taxa and six outgroup taxa were amplified for the 28S fragment; 78 ingroup taxa and five outgroup taxa were amplified for the 16S fragment.
  • Hylaeothemis (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) Genus Hylaeothemis

    Hylaeothemis (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) Genus Hylaeothemis

    Odonatologica 38(4): 369-374 December I, 2009 Description of thelast instar larva of Hylaeothemis clementia Ris from Laos (Anisoptera: Libellulidae) A. Sasamoto¹ and I. Kawashima² 190-4 1 Yakuoji, Tawaramoto-cho,Shiki-gun, Nara, 636-0341, Japan [email protected] 2 1-50-9 Nagasawa, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa, 239-0842, Japan [email protected] Received May 26, 2008 / Revised and Accepted June 25, 2009 The larva is described and illustrated for the first time,based on the last instar exu- viae. It is with the known compared Tetrathemistinae larvae and appears similar to the African Neodythemisrather than to the Asian members of the subfamily. INTRODUCTION The 1909is in the which genus Hylaeothemis R1S, placed Tetrathemistinae, was for a time considered in the based long a primitive group Libellulidae, mainly on venation in his of the African wing (FRASER, 1957). Recently, study represent- atives, VICK (2000) has shown the phylogenetically heterogenous nature of this subfamily. Hylaeothemis containsfourknown species; threeof these occur in Indiaand Sri whereas H. and local Lanka, clementia, a rare species, was sporadically recorded from Borneo, Peninsular Malaysia, Vietnam, Thailandand Laos. ASAHINA & KITAGAWA (1992) noted a few minor morphological differences between the Bornean and Thai specimens. From Laos, the species was for the first time re- YOKOI who ported by (2000), provided also some notes on its habitat and ovi- position behaviour. The first authorhad a chance to visit Yokoi’s site at Phatan, central Laos, and recovered a living larva, that was subsequently reared to the adult. The habitat is submontane humid where males a forests, are holding territories at muddy and places, with a weak but a constant water grassy current, and some sunshine per- 370 A.
  • The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Central Africa

    The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Central Africa

    THE S THE STATUS AND DISTRIBUTION T A OF FRESHWATER BIODIVERSITY T U S IN CENTRAL AFRICA AND Brooks, E.G.E., Allen, D.J. and Darwall, W.R.T. D I st RIBU T ION OF F RE S HWA T ER B IODIVER S I T Y IN CEN CENTRAL AFRICA CENTRAL T RAL AFRICA INTERNATIONAL UNION FOR CONSERVATION OF NATURE WORLD HEADQUARTERS Rue Mauverney 28 1196 Gland Switzerland Tel: + 41 22 999 0000 Fax: + 41 22 999 0020 www.iucn.org/species www.iucnredlist.org The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM Regional Assessment About IUCN IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ – Regional Assessment IUCN, International Union for Conservation of Nature, helps the world find pragmatic solutions to our most pressing environment and development Africa challenges. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Eastern Africa. Compiled by William R.T. Darwall, Kevin IUCN works on biodiversity, climate change, energy, human livelihoods and greening the world economy by supporting scientific research, managing G. Smith, Thomas Lowe and Jean-Christophe Vié, 2005. field projects all over the world, and bringing governments, NGOs, the UN and companies together to develop policy, laws and best practice. The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Southern Africa. Compiled by William R.T. Darwall, IUCN is the world’s oldest and largest global environmental organization, Kevin G. Smith, Denis Tweddle and Paul Skelton, 2009. with more than 1,000 government and NGO members and almost 11,000 volunteer experts in some 160 countries. IUCN’s work is supported by over The Status and Distribution of Freshwater Biodiversity in Western Africa.
  • IDF-Report 92 (2016)

    IDF-Report 92 (2016)

    IDF International Dragonfly Fund - Report Journal of the International Dragonfly Fund 1-132 Matti Hämäläinen Catalogue of individuals commemorated in the scientific names of extant dragonflies, including lists of all available eponymous species- group and genus-group names – Revised edition Published 09.02.2016 92 ISSN 1435-3393 The International Dragonfly Fund (IDF) is a scientific society founded in 1996 for the impro- vement of odonatological knowledge and the protection of species. Internet: http://www.dragonflyfund.org/ This series intends to publish studies promoted by IDF and to facilitate cost-efficient and ra- pid dissemination of odonatological data.. Editorial Work: Martin Schorr Layout: Martin Schorr IDF-home page: Holger Hunger Indexed: Zoological Record, Thomson Reuters, UK Printing: Colour Connection GmbH, Frankfurt Impressum: Publisher: International Dragonfly Fund e.V., Schulstr. 7B, 54314 Zerf, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] and Verlag Natur in Buch und Kunst, Dieter Prestel, Beiert 11a, 53809 Ruppichteroth, Germany (Bestelladresse für das Druckwerk). E-mail: [email protected] Responsible editor: Martin Schorr Cover picture: Calopteryx virgo (left) and Calopteryx splendens (right), Finland Photographer: Sami Karjalainen Published 09.02.2016 Catalogue of individuals commemorated in the scientific names of extant dragonflies, including lists of all available eponymous species-group and genus-group names – Revised edition Matti Hämäläinen Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract A catalogue of 1290 persons commemorated in the scientific names of extant dra- gonflies (Odonata) is presented together with brief biographical information for each entry, typically the full name and year of birth and death (in case of a deceased person).
  • Odonata, Biodiversity Is Frequently Used Term Nowadays, Only In

    Odonata, Biodiversity Is Frequently Used Term Nowadays, Only In

    Odonatologica 30(1): 49-66 March I, 2001 Notes on the species diversity of East African Odonata, with a checklist of species V. Clausnitzer Geography Department, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany, e-mail: [email protected] Received August 11, 2000 / Revised and Accepted September 6, 2000 Preliminary considerations concerning the species diversity of East African dragonflies and the problems of identifying and using such diversity figures are For detailed the data in that given. a approach basic problem is lack of sufficient area. A checklist of species recorded so far for East Africa is given. Looking at number in relation is for pure species to area, Uganda definitely more important dragonfly diversity than its eastern neighbouring countries. If taking endemism and taxonomic singularity into account, the coastal forests of Tanzania and Kenya are very important too. INTRODUCTION Biodiversity is a common and frequently used term nowadays, not only in conservationist’s circles. much been achieved in scientist’s or Although has broad scale about documenting biodiversity on a pattern, questions existing patterns and the understanding of the multiple factors that play a role in the distributionof biodiversity are still a challenge (GASTON, 2000). Biodiversity is a useful catchword for political argumentation and for fundraising. Most often no further definitionis given, whetherit is used as species richness (ct- effects -diversity), as species diversity with an adjustment for sampling and species abundance or as functionaldiversity with different weighted species, as key-stone endemics, If it is used of different difficulties species, etc. to compare diversity areas, how such distinctness start as to to weight parameters as species richness, endemism, or taxonomic singularity (VANE-WRIGHT etal., 1991).
  • Larval and Molecular Characters Help to Solve Phylogenetic

    Larval and Molecular Characters Help to Solve Phylogenetic

    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 8 (2008) 1–16 www.elsevier.de/ode Larval and molecular characters help to solve phylogenetic puzzles in the highly diverse dragonfly family Libellulidae (Insecta: Odonata: Anisoptera): The Tetrathemistinae are a polyphyletic group Gu¨nther Flecka,b,Ã, Manuela Brenka, Bernhard Misofa aZoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany bMuse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, 45 Rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, France Received 8 March 2006; accepted 14 August 2006 Abstract The systematics of the dragonfly family Libellulidae remains an unsolved puzzle. The classification into subfamilies relies primarily on wing venational characters, as is the case for most systematic hypotheses on dragonflies. In this study, we show that the discovery of unknown libellulid larvae can change tremendously our views on phylogenetic relationships. The larvae of the genera Micromacromia Karsch, 1889 and Allorhizucha Karsch, 1889 are described and illustrated. They are briefly compared with the larva of Neodythemis Karsch, 1889. The larvae of A. klingi Karsch, 1889 and N. africana Fraser, 1954 are extremely similar. The larva of M. camerunica Karsch, 1889 displays well developed dorsal hooks on abdominal segments 4–8, which distinguishes it from other closely allied genera. Micromacromia, Allorhizucha and Neodythemis are traditionally placed within the Tetrathemistinae, but their larvae strongly resemble those in the subfamily Libellulinae. Larval morphological studies and a molecular analysis based on mitochondrial SSU, LSU and tRNA valine imply that Micromacromia, Allorhizucha and Neodythemis have to be placed in the subfamily Libellulinae. Consequently, the subfamily Tetrathemistinae becomes a polyphyletic group. Our analysis suggests that imaginal characters, and in particular wing venation, are much more often prone to homoplasious evolution than previously anticipated.
  • Patterns of Odonata Assemblages in Lotic and Lentic Systems in the Ankasa Conservation Area, Ghana

    Patterns of Odonata Assemblages in Lotic and Lentic Systems in the Ankasa Conservation Area, Ghana

    Hindawi International Journal of Zoology Volume 2019, Article ID 3094787, 14 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3094787 Research Article Patterns of Odonata Assemblages in Lotic and Lentic Systems in the Ankasa Conservation Area, Ghana Issah Seidu ,1 Collins Ayine Nsor ,2 Emmanuel Danquah ,1 Paul Tehoda,1 and Samuel K. Oppong1 Department of Wildlife and Range Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Department of Ecotourism and Forest Recreation, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana Correspondence should be addressed to Issah Seidu; [email protected] Received 5 November 2018; Accepted 15 January 2019; Published 10 February 2019 Academic Editor: Marco Cucco Copyright © 2019 Issah Seidu et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Our study examined Odonata assemblages distribution pattern and the predictive factors that accounted for this in the lotic and lentic water systems within the Ankasa Conservation Area (Ghana). A total of 23 sites with sampling protocol of 2 researchers per hour per sampling site were used to survey Odonata species over two seasons in the three water bodies (streams, rivers, and ponds). Broken stick model, individual-based rarefaction, and Renyi diversity ordering were employed to quantify community assemblages. Ordination technique was also used to determine the Odonata-environmental relationship. A total of 1403 individuals, belonging to 47 species (22 Zygoptera and 25 Anisoptera) in six families, were recorded. Species richness (Hc =3.414,p =0.169)anddiversity (Hc =1.661,p = 0.44) generally did not difer among the three water systems.
  • Odonata Community Structure and Patterns of Land Use in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Region (Ghana)

    Odonata Community Structure and Patterns of Land Use in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Region (Ghana)

    International Journal of Odonatology, 2017 Vol. 20, Nos. 3–4, 173–189, https://doi.org/10.1080/13887890.2017.1369179 Odonata community structure and patterns of land use in the Atewa Range Forest Reserve, Eastern Region (Ghana) Issah Seidua∗, Emmanuel Danquaha, Collins Ayine Nsorb, David Amaning Kwartenga and Lesley T. Lancasterc aDepartment of Wildlife and Range Management, Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; bDepartment of Ecotourism and Forest Recreation, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; cSchool of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK (Received 15 November 2016; final version received 14 August 2017) Recent studies have indicated that frequent anthropogenic disturbances in tropical developing countries are primary drivers of reduction in community diversity and local extinction of many arthropods, includ- ing dragonflies. We assessed the impact of anthropogenic disturbances on odonate assemblages across three different land use types, in a biodiverse nature reserve in Ghana. A total of 37 transects (100 × 10 m) were used to survey odonate species over two seasons and three rivers which pass through agricul- tural, mature forest and forest margin habitats. A total of 6940 individuals, belonging to 53 species (23 Zygoptera and 30 Anisoptera) in eight families, were recorded. Sapho ciliata (15% relative abundance) was the most abundant zygopteran, whereas Orthetrum julia (4.8% relative abundance) was the dominant anisopteran. Rarer species like Umma cincta, Chlorocnemis sp. and Elattoneura sp. were represented by < 50 individuals. The effective number of species was affected by the surrounding terrestrial habitat type and this most strongly reflected the difference between agricultural habitats (8.09 ± standard error (SE) 0.41) and mature forests (5.0 ± SE 0.24).
  • Globally Threatened Biodiversity of the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Kenya and Tanzania

    Globally Threatened Biodiversity of the Eastern Arc Mountains and Coastal Forests of Kenya and Tanzania

    Journal of East African Natural History 105(1): 115–201 (2016) GLOBALLY THREATENED BIODIVERSITY OF THE EASTERN ARC MOUNTAINS AND COASTAL FORESTS OF KENYA AND TANZANIA Roy E. Gereau Missouri Botanical Garden P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63116-0299, USA [email protected] Neil Cumberlidge Department of Biology, Northern Michigan University Marquette, MI 49855-5376, USA [email protected] Claudia Hemp Department of Animal Ecology & Tropical Biology Biocenter University of Würzburg am Hubland 97074 Würzburg, Germany [email protected] Axel Hochkirch Biogeography, Trier University 54286 Trier, Germany [email protected] Trevor Jones Southern Tanzania Elephant Program P.O. Box 2494, Iringa, Tanzania [email protected] Mercy Kariuki Africa Partnership Secretariat, BirdLife International P.O. Box 3502-00100, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] Charles N. Lange Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] Simon P. Loader Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton London, SW15 4JD, United Kingdom [email protected] Patrick K. Malonza Zoology Department, National Museums of Kenya 116 R.E. Gereau et al. P.O. Box 40658, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] Michele Menegon Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3 38122 Trento, Italy [email protected] P. Kariuki Ndang’ang’a Africa Partnership Secretariat, BirdLife International P.O. Box 3502-00100, Nairobi, Kenya [email protected] Francesco Rovero Tropical Biodiversity Section, MUSE—Museo delle Scienze Corso del Lavoro e della Scienza 3 38122 Trento, Italy Udzungwa Ecological Monitoring Centre Udzungwa Mountains National Park P.O.

  • Anisoptera: Libellulidae)*

    Odonatologica 25(4): 335-345 December 1, 1996 Territoriality in Notiothemisrobertsi Fraser (Anisoptera: Libellulidae)* V. Clausnitzer Kirchweg 5, D-35043 Marburg, Germany Received February 20, 1996 / Revised and Accepted May 8, 1996 The carried out at the rain in study was small ponds in Kakamega Forest, a forest West 89 Kenya. 6 i were marked individually and territorial ones observed for a total of 3171 min. Males behave territorially for a mean of 14 days, a maximum of 45 days. Intruders driven the offensive are out by resident and do not show behaviour. Different activities ofterritorial c? <? are distinguished. Most of the time the male spends perch- ing in the territory (32% of total time in territory). Sun flights to the tree tops are the most frequent flight activity. INTRODUCTION The behaviour of tropical Libellulidaehas attracted more and more attention in the recent years (e.g. MILLER, 1983, MILLER & MILLER, 1985, 1991; PARR, 1980; SORIANO, 1987). There is still a lack of informationfor species inhabiting rain forests and few authors have tropical only a paid attention to them (e.g. CORBET, 1962; LEGRAND, 1979; LEMPERT, 1988; MILLER, 1993, 1995; PARR, 1980).This paperdealswith the so far scarcely studiedrain forestLibellulidae (Tetratheminae) Notiothemis robertsi Fraser, 1944. The of range territorial behaviour in male dragonflies is wide, but seems to have mainly one common purpose: the access to females (EMLEN et al„ 1977). Territo- is also described minimise riality as a strategy to intraspecific aggression (POETHKE & A number ofmales the KAISER, 1987). growing at mating places can lead to an intensification of territorial behaviour, e.g.