The 2020 Presidential Election: Provisions of the Constitution and U.S. Code
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Background of Pennsylvania Government
Background of Pennsylvania Government The Pennsylvania General Assembly In 1776, the Pennsylvania Legislature was established as a lawmaking body by the first state constitution. Originally unicameral, the General Assembly became bicameral under the second constitution of 1790 and since that time has been comprised of a House of Representatives and a Senate. The General Assembly meets in two-year sessions. House and Senate legislative districts are reapportioned every 10 years after the federal census is taken. Reapportionment following the 2000 census created state House districts of approximately 59,000 people and Senate districts of about 240,000 people. There are 203 members in the House of Representatives; a number established when the state's constitution was revised in 1967. A representative must be at least 21 years of age, a resident of the commonwealth for four years and a resident of the district for at least one year. The term of office for a member of the House is two years, with all seats up for re-election at the same time. When the Senate was first established in 1790, there were only 18 senators. Following the 1874 Constitutional Convention, that number was increased to 50, where it remains today. A senator must be at least 25 years of age with the same residency requirements as members of the House. Senate terms are four years, with odd- and even-numbered district seats contested on a rotating basis. Chamber and caucus leadership The principal officers of the state Senate are the president pro tempore, the secretary and the chief clerk, all of whom are elected by the Senate. -
Democracy in the United States
Democracy in the United States The United States is a representative democracy. This means that our government is elected by citizens. Here, citizens vote for their government officials. These officials represent the citizens’ ideas and concerns in government. Voting is one way to participate in our democracy. Citizens can also contact their officials when they want to support or change a law. Voting in an election and contacting our elected officials are two ways that Americans can participate in their democracy. Voting booth in Atascadero, California, in 2008. Photo by Ace Armstrong. Courtesy of the Polling Place Photo Project. Your Government and You H www.uscis.gov/citizenship 1 Becoming a U.S. Citizen Taking the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony in Washington, D.C. Courtesy of USCIS. The process required to become a citizen is called naturalization. To become a U.S. citizen, you must meet legal requirements. You must complete an interview with a USCIS officer. You must also pass an English and Civics test. Then, you take the Oath of Allegiance. This means that you promise loyalty to the United States. When you become a U.S. citizen, you also make these promises: ★ give up loyalty to other countries ★ defend the Constitution and laws of the United States ★ obey the laws of the United States ★ serve in the U.S. military (if needed) ★ do important work for the nation (if needed) After you take the Oath of Allegiance, you are a U.S. citizen. 2 Your Government and You H www.uscis.gov/citizenship Rights and Responsibilities of Citizens Voting is one important right and responsibility of U.S. -
Gerrymandering Becomes a Problem
VOLUME TWENTY FOUR • NUMBER TWO WINTER 2020 THE SPECIAL ELECTION EDITION A LEGAL NEWSPAPER FOR KIDS Gerrymandering Becomes a Problem Battling Over for the States to Resolve How to Elect by Phyllis Raybin Emert a President by Michael Barbella Gerrymandering on a partisan basis is not new to politics. The term gerrymander dates back to the 1800s when it was used to mock The debate on how the President Massachusetts Governor Elbridge Gerry, who manipulated congressional of the United States should be elected lines in the state until the map of one district looked like a salamander. is almost as old as the country itself. Redistricting, which is the redrawing of district maps, happens every Contrary to popular belief, voters 10 years after the U.S. Census takes place. Whatever political party is do not elect the president and vice in power at that time has the advantage since, in most states, they president directly; instead, they choose are in charge of drawing the maps. electors to form an Electoral College “Partisan gerrymandering refers to the practice of politicians where the official vote is cast. drawing voting districts for their own political advantage,” During the Constitutional Convention says Eugene D. Mazo, a professor at Rutgers Law School and of 1787, a an expert on election law and the voting process. few ways to Professor Mazo explains that politicians, with the use of advanced computer elect the chief technology, use methods of “packing” and “cracking” to move voters around to executive were different state districts, giving the edge to one political party. -
El Salvador's 2019 Elections
CRS INSIGHT El Salvador's 2019 Elections February 6, 2019 (IN11034) | Related Author Clare Ribando Seelke | Clare Ribando Seelke, Specialist in Latin American Affairs ([email protected], 7-5229) On February 3, 2019, Nayib Bukele, a 37-year-old former mayor of San Salvador and candidate of the Grand Alliance of National Unity (GANA) party, won El Salvador's presidential election. Bukele garnered 53% of the vote, well ahead of Carlos Calleja, a business executive running for a conservative National Republican Alliance (ARENA)-led coalition, with 31.8%, and Hugo Mártinez, a former foreign minister of the leftist Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front (FMLN), with 14.4%. Bukele's first-round victory occurred amid relatively low voter turnout (44.7%) during a peaceful electoral process observed by the Organization of American States and others. Bukele is set to succeed Salvador Sánchez Cerén (FMLN) as president on June 1, 2019, and serve a single, five-year term. Bukele's election ends 10 years of FMLN government. Who Is Nayib Bukele? Nayib Bukele served as mayor of Nuevo Cuscatlán (2012-2015) and San Salvador (2015-2018) for the FMLN. Prior to entering politics, Bukele worked in family businesses started by his late father, a prominent Salvadoran of Palestinian descent who backed the FMLN financially beginning in the early 1990s. Throughout his political career, Bukele has used social media to connect directly with voters, a new phenomenon in Salvadoran politics. As mayor, he revitalized the historic center of San Salvador and engaged at-risk youth in violence-prevention programs. In 2017, the FMLN expelled him for criticizing the party's leadership. -
Idaho Office of Lt
Idaho Office of Lt. Governor Data Sheet As of July 21, 2016 History of Office The Office of the Lt. Governor of Idaho was created in 1890.1 Origins of the Office The Office of the Lt. Governor of Idaho was established in the Constitution of 1890 with statehood.2 Qualifications for Office The Council of State Governments (CSG) publishes the Book of the States (BOS) 2015. In chapter 4, Table 4.13 lists the Qualifications and Terms of Office for lieutenant governors: The Book of the States 2015 (CSG) at www.csg.org. Method of Election The National Lieutenant Governors Association (NLGA) maintains a list of the methods of electing gubernatorial successors at: http://www.nlga.us/lt-governors/office-of-lieutenant- governor/methods-of-election/. Duties and Powers A lieutenant governor may derive responsibilities one of four ways: from the Constitution, from the Legislature through statute, from the governor (thru gubernatorial appointment or executive order), thru personal initiative in office, and/or a combination of these. The principal and shared constitutional responsibility of every gubernatorial successor is to be the first official in the line of succession to the governor’s office. Succession to Office of Governor In 1890, Governor George L. Shoup resigned to take an elected seat in the U.S. Senate and Lt. Governor N. B. Willey served as Governor for the remainder of the term. In 1945, Governor Charles C. Gossett resigned to let Lt. Governor Arnold Williams succeed to Governor, who then appointed Gossett to the U.S. Senate. 3 In 1977, Governor Cecil D. -
Letter of Thanks to Idaho Governor Brad Little
January 24, 2019 The Honorable Brad Little Governor of Idaho State Capitol 700 West Jefferson Street Boise, ID 83702 Dear Governor Little: The members of the Outdoor Recreation Roundtable (ORR) congratulate you on your election as Governor of Idaho. We look forward to working with you and your administration to ensure that access to and funding for Idaho’s world-class recreation experiences remain an integral part of Idaho’s job growth, tourism, economic well-being and quality of life. The outdoor recreation economy is an essential part of our country’s well-being. According to a 2018 report by the Bureau of Economic Analysis, the outdoor recreation economy accounts for 2.2% of the American economy and supports 4.6 million jobs. In Idaho alone, it is responsible for $7.8 billion in consumer spending and 78,000 jobs. Many of these jobs are in rural areas that rely on Idaho’s accessible outdoor infrastructure and healthy wildlife habitats. You said it best in your recent State of the State address—Idaho’s public lands and waters are surely one of the state’s greatest assets. We applaud your commitment to expanding access, improving visitor experiences and addressing threats to Idaho’s outdoor treasures. Ten of your fellow governors across the country—many of them in neighboring Western states— have made similar commitments to grow the outdoor recreation economy and attract outdoor businesses to their states by creating offices of outdoor recreation. We encourage you to do the same, and offer knowledge, experience and support from the entire outdoor recreation industry. -
Iran: 2021 Presidential Election
By Nigel Walker 5 July 2021 Iran: 2021 presidential election Summary 1 Background 2 2021 presidential election commonslibrary.parliament.uk Number CBP-9269 Iran: 2021 presidential election Image Credits Iran flag by OpenClipart – Vectors from Pixabay / image cropped. Licensed under Pixabay License. Free for commercial use. No attribution required. Disclaimer The Commons Library does not intend the information in our research publications and briefings to address the specific circumstances of any particular individual. We have published it to support the work of MPs. You should not rely upon it as legal or professional advice, or as a substitute for it. We do not accept any liability whatsoever for any errors, omissions or misstatements contained herein. You should consult a suitably qualified professional if you require specific advice or information. Read our briefing ‘Legal help: where to go and how to pay’ for further information about sources of legal advice and help. This information is provided subject to the conditions of the Open Parliament Licence. Feedback Every effort is made to ensure that the information contained in these publicly available briefings is correct at the time of publication. Readers should be aware however that briefings are not necessarily updated to reflect subsequent changes. If you have any comments on our briefings please email [email protected]. Please note that authors are not always able to engage in discussions with members of the public who express opinions about the content of our research, although we will carefully consider and correct any factual errors. You can read our feedback and complaints policy and our editorial policy at commonslibrary.parliament.uk. -
I~N~ 2 4I~ 7~~ 4~II 888 ~I ~I ~II C - ~~9 ~~ 6 I~II C ~~I E CONSTITUTION of THE
Date Printed: 01/14/2009 JTS Box Number: IFES 27 Tab Number: 25 Document Title: CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE FIJI ISLANDS Document Date: 1998 Document Country: FIJ Document Language: ENG. IFES ID: CON00070 *I~n~ 2 4 I~ 7 ~~ 4 ~II 888 ~I ~I ~II C - ~~9 ~~ 6 I~II C ~~I E CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE FIJI ISLANDS 27th July 1998 I CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE FIJI ISLANDS CONTENTS PREAMBLE CHAPTER I-THE STATE I. The Republic of the Fiji Islands 2. Supremacy of Constitution 3. Interpretation of Constitution 4. Languages 5. State and religion CHAPTER 2-COMPACT 6. Compact 7. Application of Compact CHAPTER 3-CITIZENSHIP 8. Retention of eXisting citizenship 9. Way in which citizenship may be acquired 10. Citizenship by birth II. Infant found abandoned in the Fiji Islands 12. Citizer.ship by registration 13. Citizenship by naturalisation 14. Loss of citizenship 15. Renunciation of citizenship 16. Rights to enter and reside in the Fiji Islands 17. Powers of Parliament concerning citizenship 18. Laws relating to calculation of periods in the Fiji Islands 19. Deprivation of citizenship 20. Prevention of statelessness CHAPTER 4-D1LL OF RIGHTS 21. Application 22. Life 23. Personal liberty 24. Freedom from servitude and forced labour 25. Freedom from cruel or degrading treatment 1 F Clifton Wl:ii~ Resource Center flit; International Found'![!on for Election Systcnls 26. Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizure 27. Arrested or detained persons 28. Rights of charged persons 29. Access to courts or tribunals 30. Freedom of expression 31. Freedom of assembly 32. -
The Electoral College: a System “For the People?”
The University of Maine DigitalCommons@UMaine Honors College Spring 5-2018 The Electoral College: A System “for the People?” Maria Maffucci University of Maine Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors Part of the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Maffucci, Maria, "The Electoral College: A System “for the People?”" (2018). Honors College. 350. https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/honors/350 This Honors Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors College by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE: A SYSTEM “FOR THE PEOPLE?” by Maria Maffucci A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for a Degree with Honors (Political Science) The Honors College University of Maine May 2018 Advisory Committee: Mark Brewer, PhD, Professor of Political Science and Honors, Advisor Melissa Ladenheim, PhD, Honors College Associate Dean, Honors Preceptor Richard Powell, PhD, Professor of Political Science Harold Daniel, PhD, Associate Professor of Marketing Stefano Tijerina, PhD, Lecturer in Management, Maine Business School ABSTRACT This research project investigates the thoughts and opinions of the University of Maine faculty and undergraduate students regarding the Electoral College system. I chose to collect this information through an online survey of twenty questions that I created on the software, Qualtrics, and sent it to the various classes and faculty who gave approval. Once I got a sufficient number of results, it was then time to analyze it all. Overall, my results were mostly what I had predicted; most undergraduates and faculty are in favor of replacing the Electoral College with either a direct popular voting system or a candidate ranking system. -
REGULATION on the Joint Meetings of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate of Romania Regulation on the Joint Meetings Of
REGULATION on the Joint Meetings of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate of Romania Regulation on the Joint Meetings of the Chamber of Deputies and of the Senate, approved by the Decision of the Parliament of Romania No 4 of 3 March 1992, published in the Official Journal of Romania, Part I, No 34 of 4 March 1992, as amended and completed by the Decision of the Parliament No 13/1995, published in the Official Journal of Romania, Part I, No 136 of 5 July 1995. CHAPTER I Organisation and Running of the Joint Meetings Section 1 Competence; Convening of the Joint Meetings Article 1 - The Chamber of Deputies and the Senate shall meet in joint meetings in order: 1. to received the message of the President of Romania (Article 62 (2) (a) of the Constitution); 2. to approve the State Budget and the State social security budget (Article 62 (2)(b) of the Constitution), the corrections and the account for budget implementation; 3. to declare general or partial mobilization (Article 62 (2) (c) of the Constitution); 4. to declare a state of war (Article 62 (2) (d) of the Constitution); 5. to suspend or terminate armed hostilities (Article 62 (2) (e) of the Constitution); 6. to examine reports of the Supreme Council of National Defence and of the Court of Audit (Article 62 (2) (f) of the Constitution); 7. to appoint, upon the proposal of the President of Romania, the Director of the Romanian Intelligence Service, and to exercise control over the activity of this Service (Article 62 (2) (g) of the Constitution); 8. -
The Honorable Michael J. Dunleavy Governor of Alaska Office of the Governor P.O
2702 Gambell St. Suite 103 550 W 7th Ave. 3745 Community Park Anchorage, AK 99503 Suite 1230 Loop, Suite 200 Anchorage, AK 99501 Anchorage, Alaska 99508 307 E Northern Lights Blvd #100 Anchorage, AK 99503 PO Box 110608 P.O. Box 241742 Juneau, AK 99811- 0608 Anchorage, Alaska 99524 The Honorable Michael J. Dunleavy Governor of Alaska Office of the Governor P.O. Box 110001 Juneau, AK 99811-0001 April 2, 2020 Dear Governor Dunleavy: First, thank you and the many state agency and department leaders and staff for the massive efforts that you have undertaken to provide leadership and mobilize state resources to confront the COVID-19 pandemic. We write to urge you to use your leadership and vision to take additional steps to protect the welfare of all Alaskans, but especially those with disabilities, during this crisis. As you are aware, adults and children with disabilities are among those at the greatest risk in this crisis because so many are in institutions or incarcerated, homeless, seniors or medically compromised, or dependent on others for care. We also ask you to use your leadership to ensure that people with disabilities will not be disproportionately affected by any loss of services and benefits during the pandemic, protecting everyone in this crisis is the best public policy. As you have recognized, Alaska must ensure that all our citizens have access to a safe living situation, medical care and other resources to weather this crisis. In the context of this pandemic, the undersigned organizations agree and strongly endorse the message that the presence of a disability should not be an indicator for withholding or limiting access to medical care. -
The Western Media and Iran's Presidential Election 2009: The
International Journal of Liberal Arts and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 4 December, 2013 The Western Media and Iran’s Presidential Election 2009: The visual framing of a green revolution Sher Baz Khan Jacobs University Bremen, Germany E-mail: [email protected] Abstract This study is a quantitative analysis of photos on the websites of The New York Times, Times, and The Economist to understand the visual framing of Iran’s 2009 controversial presidential election. News photos were categorized into different framing types to answer four research questions, which sought to understand the visual framing of the presidential candidates and their supporters, the protests, and the Iranian feminism. The study found that the runner-up candidate, Mousavi, received more visual coverage compared to the incumbent reelected president, Ahmadinejad. The protests were framed as violent, uncontrollable, and revolutionary in nature, and as enjoying mass support across different segments of the Iranian society, while young and middle-aged urban Iranian women were dominantly portrayed as the symbol of Iranian feminism seeking a Western-style democracy in Iran. Keywords: visual framing, Iranian presidential election, Iranian feminism The Western Media and Iran’s Presidential Election 2009: The visual framing of a green revolution It was the most important event in the history of Iran since the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The opposition had launched countrywide protests after the runner-up candidate and former Prime Minister, Mir Hossein Mousavi, called the June 12, 2009 presidential election stolen. Officially, Mousavi had lost the election to incumbent President, Mahmud Ahmadinejad, but he had sought reelection, and threatened to stage what his campaign architects propagated as a “green revolution” if his demand was not accepted (Hossein-zadeh, 2009; Dreyfuss, 2009).