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Toward Civil War Chapter 16 267 APTE CH R NGSSS SS.8.A.5.1 Explain the causes, course, TOWARD and consequence of the Civil War (sectionalism, slavery, states’ rights, 16 balance of power in the Senate). SS.8.A.5.7 Examine key events and CIVIL WAR peoples in Florida history as each impacts this era of American history. ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why does conflict develop? On January 10, 1861, Florida became the third state to secede from the Union. Read an excerpt from Florida’s Ordinance of Secession: We, the people of the State of Florida in“ Convention assembled, do solemnly ordain, publish and declare: That the State of Florida hereby withdraws herself from the Confederacy of States existing under the name of the United States of America, and from the existing Government of said States: and that all political connection between her and the Government of said States ought to be and the same is hereby totally annulled , and said union of States dissolved: and the State of Florida is hereby declared a Sovereign and Independent Nation. ORDINANCE OF SECESSION” annulled Read the rest of the Ordinance. Which other word in the Ordinance? is a synonym for annulled Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. DBQ BREAKING IT DOWN Six other states in the South seceded from the Union in January 1861. Do you think that the state of Florida really wanted to be an independent nation, or did it want to break free from the Union, or both? netw rksTM There’s More Online! PHOTO: Florida Photographic Collection Toward Civil War Chapter 16 267 267_280_DOPA_WB_C16_661734.indd 267 9/15/11 12:01 PM NGSSS SS.8.A.4.1 Examine the causes, course, ON and consequences of United States S westward expansion and its growing S E diplomatic assertiveness (War of 1812, L THE SEARCH FOR Convention of 1818, Adams-Onís Treaty, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Trail of Tears, Texas annexation, Manifest Destiny, Oregon COMPROMISE Territory, Mexican American War/ 1 Mexican Cession, California Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas Nebraska Act, Gadsden Purchase). SS.8.A.4.2 Describe the debate Essential Question surrounding the spread of slavery Why does conflict develop? into western territories and Florida. SS.8.A.4.8 Describe the influence of individuals on social and political Guiding Questions developments of this era in American History. 1. What political compromises were made because SS.8.A.5.1 Explain the causes, course, of slavery? and consequence of the Civil War (sectionalism, slavery, states’ rights, 2. What is the Kansas-Nebraska Act? balance of power in the Senate). SS.8.A.5.2 Analyze the role of slavery in the development of sectional conflict. Terms to Know WhereWhere inin thethe World?Worl ? fugitive person who runs The Compromise of 1850 away from the law secede N leave Oregon W E Territory Minn. Nebraska Terr. border ruffians S armed pro-slavery supporters Territory who crossed the border from Utah Territory Missouri to vote in Kansas Calif. (1850) civil war PACIFIC New Mexico fighting between citizens of OCEAN Territory the same country Free states Slave states Indian territory Territory open to slaveholding Territory closed to slaveholding Copyright When Did It Happen? © 18541 by Kansas-NebraskaK Act T he 18461 Mc G TheT Mexican War 18571 raw TheT Dred Scott decision -H i ll Co m panies , I nc. 1845 1850 1855 1860 268 Chapter 16 Toward Civil War 267_280_DOPA_WB_C16_661734.indd 268 9/15/11 12:02 PM netw rksTM Read Chapter 16 Lesson 1 in your textbook or online. Mark the Text 1. Underline the name of the plan Political Conflict Over Slavery that would ban slavery from The question of slavery divided Americans. Many Northerners any lands taken from Mexico. wanted to ban it. Most Southerners wanted Northerners to stay out of the issue of slavery. Each time there was a debate over slavery, the nation’s leaders came up with a compromise. For Think Critically example, Congress passed the Missouri Compromise in 1820. 2. Draw Conclusions Why did It kept a balance of power in the Senate. It also stopped the the United States and Mexico have debate over slavery—for a little while. a dispute over the boundary In 1845 there was a debate over slavery in new territories. between Mexico and Texas? Texas, where slavery was legal, became a state. This angered Mexico. The United States and Mexico fought over the boundary between Texas and Mexico in the Mexican War. The United States won and gained New Mexico and California as a result. Representative David Wilmot wanted slavery banned in any lands taken from Mexico. His plan was called the Wilmot Proviso. Southerners protested. They wanted California and New Mexico open to slavery. Senator John C. Calhoun stated that Congress could not ban slavery in any territory. In 1848 both presidential candidates ignored the slavery issue, which made voters angry. Many antislavery Whigs and Take the Challenge Democrats formed the Free-Soil Party. The new party’s slogan 3. Make a campaign poster for the was “Free Soil, Free Speech, Free Labor, and Free Men.” Former Free-Soil Party. Include slogans president Martin Van Buren was the party’s candidate. He lost and illustrations to show the to Zachary Taylor, but the party gained some seats in Congress. position of the party on the issue of slavery. The debate over slavery came up again in 1849 because California applied to become a free state; antislavery groups wanted to ban slavery in Washington, D.C.; Southerners wanted a stronger fugitive, or runaway slave, law. It would require all states to return runaway slaves. PHOTO: Coinery/Alamy PHOTO: Both Florida and Texas were admitted to the Union in 1845. The Florida quarter includes that date in its design. Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Search for Compromise Lesson 1 269 267_280_DOPA_WB_C16_661734.indd 269 3/31/11 12:04 PM Show Your Skill If California entered as a free state, the slave states would 4. Compare and Contrast be outvoted in the Senate. Angry Southerners talked about How did Clay’s proposal for seceding from, or leaving, the Union. Washington, D.C., appeal to both Senator Henry Clay tried to find a compromise. the North and the South? He suggested that: California be a free state. slavery would not be limited in any new territories. slave trade would be banned in Washington, D.C., but not slavery. there be a stronger fugitive slave law. Congress debated the ideas. To end the debate, Senator Stephen A. Douglas divided Clay’s plan into parts. Congress passed five separate bills. Together, they are called the Think Critically Compromise of 1850. 5. Summarize In your own words, summarize the meaning of the term popular sovereignty. The Kansas-Nebraska Act In 1854 Senator Douglas suggested making the lands west of Missouri into two territories. They would be called Kansas and Nebraska. They were north of the line that limited slavery, so the two states would be free states. Douglas suggested that Congress repeal the Missouri Compromise. Instead, settlers in those areas would vote on whether to allow slavery. Douglas called this popular sovereignty. That means the decision is for the people of the territory to make, not the government. Many Northerners did not like Douglas’s plan. It would allow slavery in places that had been free for years. Southerners liked the plan. They thought Kansas would be settled mostly by slaveholders from Missouri. Since slavery was legal in Missouri, those settlers would vote to make slavery legal in Kansas, too. The Kansas-Nebraska Act passed in 1854. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 C Free states Territory open Wash. Terr. opyright to slaveholding N Slave states Oregon Minn. Territory closed Nebraska Indian territory Terr. Terr. E © to slaveholding Territory W by Utah S T he Territory Kansas PACIFIC Territory Mc G OCEAN New Mexico ATLANTIC raw Territory OCEAN -H i ll C ompanies 0 600 miles MEXICO 0 600 km Albers Equal-Area projection , I nc. 270 Chapter 16 Toward Civil War 267_280_DOPA_WB_C16_661734.indd 270 9/15/11 12:02 PM Pro-slavery and antislavery groups rushed to Kansas. Thousands of pro-slavery supporters crossed the border from Think Critically Missouri just to vote in Kansas. They traveled in armed groups. 6. Sequence What events led They were known as border ruffians. to “Bleeding Kansas”? The pro-slavery group won the election and Kansas passed laws in favor of slavery. People opposed to slavery refused to accept the laws. Instead, they held their own election. They adopted a constitution that banned slavery. By 1856, Kansas had two rival governments. Both antislavery and pro-slavery groups were armed. Soon fighting broke out. Pro-slavery supporters attacked a town where many antislavery supporters lived. Then John Brown, an abolitionist, led an attack on a pro-slavery group. Brown’s group killed five slavery supporters. Newspapers called the conflict “Bleeding Kansas” and the “Civil War in Kansas.” A civil war is a conflict between people of the same country. Mark the Text 7. Underline the two groups that were involved in a “civil war” in Kansas. Fort Scott, Kansas was just one of many scenes of violent disagreement over the issue of slavery during the 1850s. PHOTO: PHOTO: North Picture Archives/Alamy Wind NGSSS Check Why did Senator Douglas suggest that Congress repeal the Missouri Compromise? What political concept did his actions support? SS.8.A.4.1 Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. The Search for Compromise Lesson 1 271 267_280_DOPA_WB_C16_661734.indd 271 9/15/11 12:02 PM NGSSS SS.8.A.5.2 Analyze the role ON of slavery in the development S of sectional conflict.
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