DOCSLIB.ORG

Long Distance Travel in Canoes, Kayaks, Rowboats and Rafts on the Rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin from 1817 to 2012

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Long Distance Travel in Canoes, Kayaks, Rowboats and Rafts on the Rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin from 1817 to 2012 Long Distance Travel in Canoes, Kayaks, Rowboats and Rafts on the Rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin from 1817 to 2012 by Angela BREMERS This thesis is submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in Communication (Research) of the University of Canberra June 2017 i Abstract From 1817 to 2012, paddling and rowing on the rivers of the Murray-Darling Basin played a crucial role in the region’s exploration, commerce and recreation. This thesis exposes the cultural and historical significance of journeys in human-powered craft during this period. Despite its underlying historical and cultural significance, the history of these journeys is little known and little understood. This is despite journeys by famous explorers such as Captain Charles Sturt who used rowboats on two expeditions, most notably on his 1830 expedition on the Murrumbidgee and Murray rivers. His Murray journey is well commemorated, but two earlier journeys by Surveyor-General John Oxley’s expedition are not as widely known. Those four voyages, as well as three expeditions led by Major Thomas Mitchell were instrumental in solving the mystery of the inland rivers and expanding colonial settlement (Shaw ed., 1984, pp.217, 221, 599). Following European expansion, journeys by Captain Francis Cadell and a voyage by Lieutenant-Governor of South Australia Sir Henry Edward Fox Young, determined the navigability of the Murray for paddle steamers. Until the additional linking of the railways into the basin during the 1870s and 1880s, paddle steamers provided the most efficient and reliable transport for farmers and settlers, and boosted the regional economy (Lewis, 1917, p.47; Phillips, 1972, p.50; Richmond, c.1980, p.17). Subsequently homesteads were built along the Murray and eventually “whalers”, waterborne swagmen who subsisted on the rivers, would fish for Murray cod (Rowland, c.1980, p.53; “Vidi”, 1894). Travel in human-powered craft reveals how previous generations survived. For example, migrant workers travelled home in row boats from the New South Wales and Victorian diggings to South Australia in 1853 and in the 1860. Traveller accounts are a valuable contribution to the historical and archaeological record. In 1862 George Burnell and Edward William Cole rowed down the Murray from Echuca to Goolwa, taking photographs along the way, adding a visual dimension to written accounts. Their images are some of the earliest photographs of the Murray and provide glimpses into Aboriginal customs. This thesis explores the many ways in which paddling and rowing on the rivers have contributed to our understanding of the basin and how it provides a window into the society to which travellers belonged. iii Contents Abstract .................................................................................................................................... iii FORM B Certificate of Authorship of Thesis .............................................................................. v Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................ xiii INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 Part A...................................................................................................................................... 4 Part B ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Part C ...................................................................................................................................... 6 PART A: Exploration and Surveying 1817-1877 .................................................................... 11 1. Overview: Exploration and Surveying 1817-1877........................................................... 11 2. Exploration and Surveying 1817-1836 ............................................................................ 11 2a. Surveyor-General John Oxley, 1817, 1818. ............................................................... 15 2b. Captain Charles Sturt, 1828-1829, 1829-1830. .......................................................... 27 Figure 1. Junction of Darling and Murray River, by Captain Charles Sturt, available from the National Library of Australia, nla.pic-an5263464-v .................................................. 33 2c. Surveyor-General Major Thomas Mitchell 1831-1832, 1835, 1836. ......................... 41 3. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 44 4. Surveying c.1848-1878 .................................................................................................... 47 4a. Edward Micklethwaite Curr, c.1848. .......................................................................... 47 4b. Lieutenant-Governor of South Australia Henry Edward Fox Young, 1850. .............. 49 4c. Captain Francis Cadell, 1852, 1855 and 1856. ........................................................... 51 Figure 2. “Cockenzie House, Scotland: birthplace of Francis Cadell. In the foreground is . the canvas boat "Forerunner" in which Cadell navigated the River Murray from Swan Hill to Wellington in 1852. Ca. 1900” courtesy of the State Library of South Australia B 13507 (n.d, SA Memory). ............................................................................................. 55 4d. Mr Henry Copeland and Captain Vanzeulicom, 1854. .............................................. 55 4e. Captain Augustus Baker Peirce, c.1863. ..................................................................... 55 4f. Mr and Mrs Edward and Helena Forde, 1865. ............................................................ 56 4g. Captain Sinclair, 1877. ............................................................................................... 57 4h. Captain David Simpson Kirkwood, 1878. .................................................................. 58 5. Conclusion ........................................................................................................................ 60 PART B: Employment and Commerce 1853-1936 ................................................................. 63 1. Overview: Employment and Commerce 1853-1936 ........................................................ 63 2. Employment 1853-1936 ................................................................................................... 64 2.1 The Gold Rush era, 1853-1860. ..................................................................................... 64 vii 2.1a. The Forest Creek Diggings, c.1853. ............................................................................ 65 2.1a.a Mr Watson and the Five Sons of Mr Radford, 1853. ............................................. 66 2.1b. The Kiandra “Snowy Diggings” Gold Rush, c.1860. ................................................. 66 2.1b.a Three unnamed diggers, 1860. ............................................................................... 68 2.1b.b Mr. Trapmann, Mr. Chittleborough, Mr. Deichman and a sailor, 1860. ............... 69 2.1b.c Captain Tilbrook and possibly nine men possibly attempt to reach the diggings, 1860. ................................................................................................................................. 69 2.1b.d.Thomas Smith and another man, 1860. ................................................................. 69 2.1b.e. Mr and Mrs Abram Martin, Mr A. Wooley and eight others, April/May to November 1860. ............................................................................................................... 69 2.1c. The likelihood of boat travel to other rushes ........................................................... 70 Figure 3. Lachlan River, Edgell Park, Cowra, 10 July 2013. ........................................... 71 Figure 4. Lachlan River, between Forbes and Cowra, 16 July 2013. ............................... 71 2.2 “Whalers” c.1894-c.1930s.............................................................................................. 72 Figure 5. “A ninety-seven pound Murray cod, caught by a professional fisherman near Collendina Station in the Corowa district, New South Wales, 1924, photo taken by Dennis Brabazon” (Digital Collections- Picture- A ninety-seven pound Murray cod, caught by a professional fisherman near Collendina Station in the Corowa district, New South Wales, 1924 [picture]). Photo included courtesy of Bruce Howard. ..................... 75 Figure 6. “A typical “whaler” on the Darling River.” 1934, ‘An Outback Traveller’s Tale’, The Land, 5 October, electronic version, retrieved 24 October 2013 from Trove database. ........................................................................................................................... 76 2.3 The Great Depression 1927-1934 .................................................................................. 78 2.3a. Charles Duncan, Alfred Duncan and William Gribble, 1931. ................................. 83 2.3b. Robert Lucas, Frederick Bath, William Hannaford, James McCulloch, John Henry and Benjamin Giles, c.1932. ............................................................................................. 84 2.3c. Jack Sweeney and Frank Groom, c.1932. ................................................................ 84 2.3d. Frederick Carlile, Roy Brandon and James Burton, c.1932 [planned journey]. ...... 85 2.3e. Norman
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Snowy River National Park Visitor Guide
    Snowy River National Park Visitor Guide Reserved as a national park in 1979, Snowy River National Park now covers 114,505 ha. Named after the Snowy River, which bisects the park as it cuts through Tulloch Ard Gorge on its way from the alps to the sea, the park features spectacular river scenery, magnificent deep gorges, old growth forests dominated by towering Alpine Ash and rain‐shadow Cypress Pine woodlands and pristine wilderness areas. Welcome to Country Raymond Creek Falls – 1km, 30 minutes one way In 2010 the Federal Government recognised the Gunaikurnai’s native title rights over much of Gippsland. This included much of the These picturesque falls in the south of the park can be reached all Snowy River National Park, west of the Snowy River. At the same year round from Orbost along Moorsford Road. A short walking time the Victorian Government entered into legal agreements under track leads to a view of Raymond Creek Falls plunging 20 metres into the Traditional Owner Settlement Act in acknowledgement of a deep, clear pool. To get another perspective, continue further Gunaikurnai’s traditional owner rights, known as Joint Management 300m to the bottom of the falls. of ten parks and reserves in Gippsland. Through Joint Management, the State has created an equal Tulloch Ard Gorge Lookout – 1.6km, 1.5hours return partnership with the Gunaikurnai people. The benefits of this partnership are many and include: the knowledge and culture of This walk takes you through diverse vegetation culminating in the Traditional Owners incorporated into natural resources (land) observation lookout offering spectacular views of the Snowy River management, cultural awareness and knowledge of local history, country and Tulloch Ard Gorge.
    [Show full text]
  • Queer Trans-Tasman Mobility, Then and Now
    Brickell, C., Gorman-Murray, A. and de Jong, A. (2018) Queer trans-Tasman mobility, then and now. Australian Geographer, 49(1), pp. 167-184. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/212471/ Deposited on: 31 March 2020 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk Queer Trans-Tasman Mobility, Then and Now Final manuscript version: Gorman-Murray, A., Brickell, C., de Jong, A. (2017), Australian Geographer. Abstract This article situates queer mobility within wider historical geographies of trans- Tasman flows of goods, people and ideas. Using case studies of women’s and men’s experiences during the early twentieth century and the twenty-first century, it shows that same-sex desire is a constituent part of these flows and, conversely, Antipodean mobility has fostered particular forms of desire, sexual identity, and queer community and politics. Particular landscapes, rural and urban, in both New Zealand and Australia, have shaped queer desire in a range of diverging and converging ways. Shifting political, legal and social landscapes across New Zealand and Australia have wrought changes in trans-Tasman travel over time. This investigation into the circuits of queer trans-Tasman mobility both underscores and urges wider examinations of the significance of trans-Tasman crossings in queer lives, both historically and in contemporary society. Key words: New Zealand; Australia; trans-Tasman mobility; queer travel; LGBT; queer politics 1 Queer Trans-Tasman Mobility, Then and Now Circuits, sexuality and space Australia and New Zealand have a long-established inter-relationship, denoted as ‘trans-Tasman relations’.
    [Show full text]
  • The Deniliquin & Moama Railway Company
    The Deniliquin & Moama Railway Company Pastoral Times reported. When paddle steamers first reached Echuca in 1853, The following year the recently-formed Murray and they travelled up from South Australia with the Darling River Railway Association again petitioned for a intention of delivering goods from that state to the light railway between Deniliquin and Moama. It was Echuca region and taking back wool from the given the green light bya select committee of the New Riverina sheep stations. South Wales parliament but according to the Pastoral The Victorian government reacted by building a rail- Times was rejected in the Legislative Assembly (the way line, which was already being constructed to the upper house) “by an overwhelming majority”, Castlemaine and Bendigo goldfields, to the Murray. apparently on the assurance of Sir James Martin who told the members that “two drays a week would It reached the river port in 1863 and was supply Deniliquin with all its requirements” and that immediately successful in stemming the flow of trade “only a few townspeople who wanted to sell out were to the bottom end of the river. getting up the agitation that the country people However for the people of Deniliquin it was nothing around Deniliquin had no sympathy with it.” More more than a tantalising glimpse of the benefits of a lobbying followed. Contrary to Sir James Martin's new technology. They were serviced by Cobb & Co assertion, freight charges were crippling the local coach, the fare for which, to Echuca, was greater than economy. Just before the railway arrived the cost of the rail fare from there to Melbourne.
    [Show full text]
  • Snowy River Basin January 2014
    Snowy River Basin January 2014 Introduction Southern Rural Water is the water corporation responsible for administering and enforcing the Snowy River Basin Local Management Plan. The purpose of the Snowy River Basin Local Management Plan is to: • document the management objectives for the system • explain to licence holders (and the broader community) the specific management objectives and arrangements for their water resource and the rules that apply to them as users of that resource; • clarify water sharing arrangements for all users and the environment, including environmental flow requirements • document any limits, including water use caps, permissible consumptive volumes or extraction limits that apply to the system. Management objectives The objective of the Local Management Plan is to ensure the equitable sharing of water between users and the environment and the long-term sustainability of the resource. Water system covered The Local Management Plan covers all the rivers and creeks located within the Snowy River Basin, which includes: • Snowy River • Major Creek • Brodribb River • Buchan River • Deddick River • Cabbage Tree Creek • Hospital Creek The Snowy River Basin is shown in the map below. Catchment information The Snowy River flows across the NSW border to the coast at Marlo. Significant tributaries of the Snowy River include Buchan, Murrindal, Suggan Buggan, Deddick and Brodribb Rivers. The Snowy floodplain contains a complex system of drains and levee banks to support agricultural production. Heritage River status applies to the entire Victorian length of the Snowy River. The Snowy has many significant attributes including canoeing and rafting opportunities, scenic landscapes, cultural Indigenous heritage sites and native fish and fauna habitat.
    [Show full text]
  • Cooma-Monaro Shire Development Control Plan 2014 (Amendment 2)
    Cooma-Monaro Shire Development Control Plan 2014 (Amendment 2) 1 | P a g e Draft Development Control Plan Amendments Cooma-Monaro Development Control Plan MONARO SHIRE COUNCIL D evelopment Control Plan 2014 As adopted by Council on 17 October 2019 (Resolution 362/19) Came into force on 11/11/2019 Plan 2014 COOMA - Record of Versions Name of Amendment Adopted by Council on Resolution Came into Force on (date of notice in local press) Original (Issue 1) 14/04/2014 129/14 17/04/2014 Amendment 1 (Issue 3) 14/03/2016 58/16 23/03/2016 Amendment 2 (Issue 4) 17/10/2019 362/19 11/11/2019 H:\flightplan\ServicePages\Documentation\Policies\Urban & Rural Planning\DCP\_WordDoc\Cooma-Monaro Shire Development Control Plan 2014.docx 2 | P a g e Draft Development Control Plan Amendments Cooma-Monaro Development Control Plan MONARO SHIRE COUNCIL D evelopment Control Plan 2014 Contents 1 Introduction 9 1.1 How to use this Plan 10 1.2 Structure of this Plan 10 Plan 2014 1.3 Relationship to other plans 11 1.4 Name of this Plan 12 1.5 Land to which this Plan applies 12 1.6 Commencement date 12 1.7 Aims of this Plan 12 1.8 Categories of development 12 1.9 Variations to development standards 13 1.10 Is development consent required? 14 2 General Development Controls 16 2.1 Streetscape 16 2.1.1 Objectives 16 COOMA 2.1.2 Performance based requirements 17 2.1.3 Prescriptive requirements 17 2.2 Building height and bulk 17 - 2.2.1 Objectives 18 2.2.2 Performance based requirements 18 2.2.3 Prescriptive requirements 18 2.3 Building setbacks 19 2.3.1 Objectives 19 2.3.2
    [Show full text]
  • Heidi, by Johanna Spyri
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of Heidi, by Johanna Spyri This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Heidi (Gift Edition) Author: Johanna Spyri Commentator: Charles Wharton Stork Illustrator: Maria Kirk Translator: Elisabeth Stork Release Date: March 9, 2007 [EBook #20781] Language: English *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HEIDI *** Produced by Jason Isbell, Emma Morgan Isbell, Jeannie Howse and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net. This file is gratefully uploaded to the PG collection in honor of Distributed Proofreaders having posted over 10,000 ebooks. Transcriber's Note: In the original gift edition, there are 8 margin images repeated on each page, these have been preserved and reproduced at the beginning of each chapter. Inconsistent hyphenation in the original document has been preserved. Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in this text. For a complete list, please see the end of this document. HEIDI GIFT EDITION WAVING HER HAND AND LOOKING AFTER HER DEPARTING FRIEND TILL HE SEEMED NO BIGGER THAN A LITTLE DOTToList Page 228 HEIDI BY JOHANNA SPYRI TRANSLATED BY ELISABETH P. STORK WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY CHARLES WHARTON STORK, A.M., PH.D. 14 ILLUSTRATIONS IN COLOR BY MARIA L. KIRK GIFT EDITION PHILADELPHIA AND LONDON J.B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY 1919 COPYRIGHT, 1915. BY J.B. LIPPINCOTT COMPANY ADDITIONAL ILLUSTRATIONS AND DECORATIONS COPYRIGHT, 1919, BY J.B.
    [Show full text]
  • 27 May 2020 Ordinary Council Meeting Agenda
    Ordinary Council Meeting 27 May 2020 Council Chambers, Town Hall, Sturt Street, Ballarat AGENDA Public Copy Ordinary Council Meeting Agenda 27 May 2020 NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN THAT A MEETING OF BALLARAT CITY COUNCIL WILL BE HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBERS, TOWN HALL, STURT STREET, BALLARAT ON WEDNESDAY 27 MAY 2020 AT 7:00PM. This meeting is being broadcast live on the internet and the recording of this meeting will be published on council’s website www.ballarat.vic.gov.au after the meeting. Information about the broadcasting and publishing recordings of council meetings is available in council’s broadcasting and publishing recordings of council meetings procedure available on the council’s website. AGENDA ORDER OF BUSINESS: 1. Opening Declaration........................................................................................................4 2. Apologies For Absence...................................................................................................4 3. Disclosure Of Interest .....................................................................................................4 4. Confirmation Of Minutes.................................................................................................4 5. Matters Arising From The Minutes.................................................................................4 6. Public Question Time......................................................................................................5 7. Reports From Committees/Councillors.........................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Are Universities Capable of Organizational Change?
    Change, technology and higher education: Are universities capable of organizational change? CHANGE, TECHNOLOGY AND HIGHER EDUCATION: ARE UNIVERSITIES CAPABLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE? Stephen Marshall University Teaching Development Centre Victoria University of Wellington ABSTRACT Technology and change are so closely related that the use of the word innovation seems synonymous with technology in many contexts, including that of higher education. This paper contends that university culture and existing capability constrain such innovation and to a large extent determine the nature and extent of organizational change. In the absence of strong leadership, technologies are simply used as vehicles to enable changes that are already intended or which reinforce the current identity. These contentions are supported by evidence from e-learning benchmarking activities carried out over the past five years in universities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand. KEYWORDS organizational change; e-learning maturity model I. INTRODUCTION Educational technology is a field based on change. [1, p. 933] Investment in technology systems by universities is driven by the expectation that increased use of technology will improve the quality and flexibility of learning [2-7]. This investment has been supported by the widespread adoption of Learning Management Systems and the computerization of key administrative functions [8, 9], and the maintenance of an effective technology infrastructure remains a key strategic focus for university leaders [10, 11]. However, while information technology systems have become mainstream, and even strategically irrelevant for many activities [12, 13], changes in the experience of learning and teaching enabled by technology are less apparent. As educational technologists we share a common belief that technology can significantly improve the experience of learners and teachers.
    [Show full text]
  • Re-Shaping a First World War Narrative : a Sculptural Memorialisation Inspired by the Letters and Diaries of One New Zealand
    Copyright is owned by the Author of the thesis. Permission is given for a copy to be downloaded by an individual for the purpose of research and private study only. The thesis may not be reproduced elsewhere without the permission of the Author. Re-Shaping a First World War Narrative: A Sculptural Memorialisation Inspired by the Letters and Diaries of One New Zealand Soldier David Guerin 94114985 2020 A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Fine Arts Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand (Cover) Alfred Owen Wilkinson, On Active Service in the Great War, Volume 1 Anzac; Volume 2 France 1916–17; Volume 3 France, Flanders, Germany (Dunedin: Self-published/A.H. Reed, 1920; 1922; 1924). (Above) Alfred Owen Wilkinson, 2/1498, New Zealand Field Artillery, First New Zealand Expeditionary Force, 1915, left, & 1917, right. 2 Dedication Dedicated to: Alfred Owen Wilkinson, 1893 ̶ 1962, 2/1498, NZFA, 1NZEF; Alexander John McKay Manson, 11/1642, MC, MiD, 1895 ̶ 1975; John Guerin, 1889 ̶ 1918, 57069, Canterbury Regiment; and Christopher Michael Guerin, 1957 ̶ 2006; And all they stood for. Alfred Owen Wilkinson, On Active Service in the Great War, Volume 1 Anzac; Volume 2 France 1916–17; Volume 3 France, Flanders, Germany (Dunedin: Self-published/A.H. Reed, 1920; 1922; 1924). 3 Acknowledgements Distinguished Professor Sally J. Morgan and Professor Kingsley Baird, thesis supervisors, for their perseverance and perspicacity, their vigilance and, most of all, their patience. With gratitude and untold thanks. All my fellow PhD candidates and staff at Whiti o Rehua/School of Arts, and Toi Rauwhārangi/ College of Creative Arts, Te Kunenga ki Pūrehuroa o Pukeahu Whanganui-a- Tara/Massey University, Wellington, especially Jess Richards.
    [Show full text]
  • Day of Mourning – Overview Fact Sheet
    DAY OF MOURNING 1 Day of Mourning 26 January 1938 DAY OF MOURNING HISTORY Aboriginal controlled Statement of Significance organisations such as the Aboriginal Progressive Association in New South Wales An ongoing fight for This day, a Day of and the Aboriginal Advancement Mourning equal rights League in Victoria. Many members of these organisations On 26 January 1938 the Day of Since European settlement, shared common life experiences; Mourning was held in the centre Aboriginal people have been they grew up on missions or of Sydney, in the Australian Hall treated differently to the general reserves controlled by protection at the Cyprus Hellene Club. It was Australian population; denied boards but were either expelled on attended by some of the most basic equality with 'whites' and disciplinary grounds or left to find prominent Aboriginal leaders of rarely given full protection before work. The experience of living the day including members of the the law. Aboriginal people have under the control of a protection Aboriginal Advancement League long resisted and protested against board on a mission or reserve, and and the Aboriginal Progressive European settlement of their the discrimination they Association. The choice of country. encountered when they moved holding the Day of Mourning on away from these places, united the Australia Day, the national Early protests started in the 1840s members of these early Aboriginal holiday celebrating the arrival of and continued through to the late organisations in their concerns for the first fleet and the birth of 1920s. These were initiated by the lack of civil rights for Australia as a nation, highlighted residents of missions and reserves Aboriginal people, the growth in the exclusion of Aboriginal people as a result of local issues and took the Aboriginal Protection Board's from the Australian nation.
    [Show full text]
  • Government Gazette of the STATE of NEW SOUTH WALES Number 112 Monday, 3 September 2007 Published Under Authority by Government Advertising
    6835 Government Gazette OF THE STATE OF NEW SOUTH WALES Number 112 Monday, 3 September 2007 Published under authority by Government Advertising SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT EXOTIC DISEASES OF ANIMALS ACT 1991 ORDER - Section 15 Declaration of Restricted Areas – Hunter Valley and Tamworth I, IAN JAMES ROTH, Deputy Chief Veterinary Offi cer, with the powers the Minister has delegated to me under section 67 of the Exotic Diseases of Animals Act 1991 (“the Act”) and pursuant to section 15 of the Act: 1. revoke each of the orders declared under section 15 of the Act that are listed in Schedule 1 below (“the Orders”); 2. declare the area specifi ed in Schedule 2 to be a restricted area; and 3. declare that the classes of animals, animal products, fodder, fi ttings or vehicles to which this order applies are those described in Schedule 3. SCHEDULE 1 Title of Order Date of Order Declaration of Restricted Area – Moonbi 27 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Woonooka Road Moonbi 29 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Anambah 29 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Muswellbrook 29 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Aberdeen 29 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – East Maitland 29 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Timbumburi 29 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – McCullys Gap 30 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Bunnan 31 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area - Gloucester 31 August 2007 Declaration of Restricted Area – Eagleton 29 August 2007 SCHEDULE 2 The area shown in the map below and within the local government areas administered by the following councils: Cessnock City Council Dungog Shire Council Gloucester Shire Council Great Lakes Council Liverpool Plains Shire Council 6836 SPECIAL SUPPLEMENT 3 September 2007 Maitland City Council Muswellbrook Shire Council Newcastle City Council Port Stephens Council Singleton Shire Council Tamworth City Council Upper Hunter Shire Council NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT GAZETTE No.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Families Were … Too Poor to Send Them Parcels': the Provision Of
    ‘The families were … too poor to send them parcels’: The provision of comforts to Aboriginal soldiers in the AIF in the Second World War Kristyn Harman In mid-1941, Private Clarrie Combo from New South Wales sent a letter from Syria, where he was stationed, to Mrs Brown of Loxton in South Australia. Combo, an Aboriginal soldier serving abroad with the Second Australian Imperial Force (AIF), wrote ‘it is very nice of you to write to someone you do not know. Thank you for offering to knit a pair of socks for me. I wear size seven in boots’.1 These unlikely correspondents formed an affective relationship during the Second World War under the auspices of a scheme designed specifically to cater for the needs of Australian Aboriginal men serving abroad. Following the outbreak of the war, in August 1940 the Victorian-based Aborigines Uplift Society launched a national comfort auxiliary. This was Australia’s first fund with the express intent of providing comforts for Aboriginal soldiers, and its founding, modus operandi and outcomes are the subject of this article. Combo was one of at least 3,000 Aboriginal and 850 Torres Strait Islander people known to have served Australia during the Second World War.2 The advent of war, as Kay Saunders has revealed, raised numerous complex questions in relation to the nation’s Indigenous peoples, particularly in relation to their skills, capacity to serve, and loyalties. This led to some inequalities in relation to opportunities to serve. From a legal perspective, only those Aboriginal men who were exempt 1 Murray Pioneer and Australian River Record, 25 September 1941; Richmond River Herald and Northern Districts Advertiser, 7 February 1941.
    [Show full text]