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National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 Expires 5/31/2020) United States Department of the Interior National Park Service National Register of Historic Places Registration Form This form is for use in nominating or requesting determinations for individual properties and districts. See instructions in National Register Bulletin, How to Complete the National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. If any item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials, and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional certification comments, entries, and narrative items on continuation sheets if needed (NPS Form 10-900a). 1. Name of Property historic name Central Oregon Canal Historic District (Ward Road – Gosney Road Segment) other names/site number N/A multiple property document N/A (Enter "N/A" if property is not part of a multiple property listing) 2. Location street & number Roughly bounded by Bear Creek Rd. to the north, Gosney Rd. to the not for publication east, Somerset Dr. to the south, and Ward Rd. to the west. city or town vicinity Unincorporated Deschutes County state Oregon code OR county Deschutes code 017 zip code 97701 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets does not meet the National Register Criteria. I recommend that this property be considered significant at the following level(s) of significance: national statewide X local Applicable National Register Criteria: X A B C D Signature of certifying official/Title: Interim Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer Date Oregon State Historic Preservation Office State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government In my opinion, the property meets does not meet the National Register criteria. Signature of commenting official Date Title State or Federal agency/bureau or Tribal Government 4. National Park Service Certification I hereby certify that this property is: entered in the National Register determined eligible for the National Register determined not eligible for the National Register removed from the National Register other (explain:) Signature of the Keeper Date of Action 1 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2020) Central Oregon Canal Historic District Deschutes County, Oregon Name of Property County and State 5. Classification Ownership of Property Category of Property Number of Resources within Property (Check as many boxes as apply.) (Check only one box.) (Do not include previously listed resources in the count.) Contributing Non-contributing X private building(s) 0 0 buildings X public - Local X district 0 0 site public - State site 20 2 structure public - Federal structure 0 0 object object 20 2 Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register 0 6. Function or Use Historic Functions Current Functions (Enter categories from instructions.) (Enter categories from instructions.) AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTENCE: AGRICULTURE/SUBSISTENCE: Irrigation facility, canal Irrigation facility, canal 7. Description Architectural Classification Materials (Enter categories from instructions.) (Enter categories from instructions.) NO ARCHITECURAL STYLE foundation: N/A walls: N/A roof: N/A other: EARTH; STONE, basalt 2 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2020) Central Oregon Canal Historic District Deschutes County, Oregon Name of Property County and State Narrative Description (Describe the historic and current physical appearance and condition of the property. Describe contributing and non-contributing resources if applicable. Begin with a summary paragraph that briefly describes the general characteristics of the property, such as its location, type, style, method of construction, setting, size, and significant features. Indicate whether the property has historic integrity). Summary Paragraph The Central Oregon Canal is located in Deschutes and Crook Counties, Oregon. The 1902-1913 canal is in the Upper Deschutes River Basin, near the center of the state, east of the Cascade Mountain Range. It traverses the plateau east of the Deschutes River, south of the Crooked River, west of the Dry River, and north of the Newberry Volcano. It begins within the city of Bend at the diversion gate in the Deschutes River. The main canal is 47 miles long and from Bend heads east and then north to the rural communities of Alfalfa and Powell Butte, where orchard grass and alfalfa hay are primary crops. The elevation at the diversion point is 3,758’ and the canal drops about 701’ to its terminus just south of the Crooked River Gorge northwest of Powell Butte, allowing the water to flow entirely by gravity.1 The Central Oregon Canal diverts river water at a rate of approximately 530 cubic feet per second during the irrigation season, April through October.2 From the main canal, the water flows through successively narrower and shallower laterals and ditches on its way to those who hold water rights for beneficial uses. The canal served 30,549 irrigated acres by 1914.3 Excepting the non-historic stretches that are now piped, the historic, roughly trapezoidal shaped, open canal is made of native soil and irregularly shaped and sized lava rock that was scraped out of the bed and moved onto the sides to create embankments on the lower side of the channel. The canal near Bend is rocky, but the length north of Alfalfa has little rock. The canal was built in irregular profiles, often wider and shallower than it was designed, in order to avoid excessive rock blasting and excavation.4 The historic district begins 7.75 miles east of the diversion point and ¾ mile east of the Bend city limits. It is 3.4 miles long, running between the Ward Road Bridge on the western edge and the Gosney Road Bridge on the eastern edge. The canal in the historic district ranges in width from 33.8’ to 78.1’, averaging around 50’ and in depth from 1.3’ to 9’, depending on the amount of volcanic rock flows encountered, the terrain, and slope. Areas of steeper drops in elevation are generally more narrow or shallower than portions of the canal that flow through flat terrain, which are generally wider and deeper. The canal in the historic district carries nearly the full amount of water diverted from the river. The elevation of the canal on the western historic district boundary is 3,658 and it drops 50 feet by its eastern boundary. The canal in the historic district winds through gently rolling terrain, from the southwest quarter through the northeast quarter of Township 18 South, Range 12 East, Section 1, W. M. (T18S, R12E, Section1) from the northwest quarter to the southeast quarter of T18S, R13E, Section 6, through the southwest quarter of Section 5 and ends in the center of the north half of Section 8. The historic district measures approximately 18,012’ long and encompasses 50’ on either side of the canal centerline to create a 100’ corridor that includes all of the contributing resources. Many property owners in the district hold water rights and use irrigation water for residential landscaping, livestock pasture, alfalfa hay, and a fruit orchard, where parcels range from 1.1 acre to 79.60 acres in size. Much of the historic setting, including farms and parcels that have never been cultivated or cleared of native vegetation, remains. The district has a winding, character-defining, rocky, uneven canal bed and irregular slopes, cuts, and tall embankments. The nominated canal is historic contributing and the district is interpretable, including its history. Tool marks, at least 14 blasting drill holes, and other construction techniques used are evident and tell the narrative of the people who built it through solid basalt rock flows that were blasted apart and moved. Contributing structures include the canal, an historic bridge, a concrete flume, a wooden flume, a metal irrigation pipe, headgates to two laterals and one sub-lateral, and 12 headgates to irrigation ditches. One of two metal catwalks across the canal and a set of three discharge gates are non-historic and non-contributing structures. Structures and landscaping within the district boundaries that are not related to the operation of the canal and not noted as contributing features in this document are non-contributing resources. (See Figures 1-5.) 1 Google Earth 2017 2 Oregon Department of Water Resources, 2016 averages 3 Dubuis, John, Report to Desert Land Board on Central Oregon Project, 1914, p. 16. 4 Dubuis, John, Report to Desert Land Board on Central Oregon Project, 1914, p. 5. 3 United States Department of the Interior National Park Service / National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NPS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Expires 5/31/2020) Central Oregon Canal Historic District Deschutes County, Oregon Name of Property County and State __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Irrigation water delivered to a hay farm in the center of Alfalfa by the Central Oregon Canal. Photographer looking south. 5 LOCATION, GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY OF THE PILOT BUTTE CANAL Cities and Communities The 47-mile long Central Oregon Canal runs from the Deschutes River, its source of water, through the southern portion of Bend, population 82,0006, flowing east through rural lands east of Bend toward the Badlands Wilderness Area and then abruptly north to the unincorporated communities of Alfalfa and Powell Butte (population 1,768)7, and then northwest toward the Crooked River.
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