INTEGRATED DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLANNING
Situation Analysis for
NYAGATARE District
Final version December 2013
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Situation Analysis for NyagatareDistrict LUP
Mayor’s Foreword ...... 4 Summary ...... 5 Functions and Limitations of the LUP ...... 6 Methodology Applied for Integrated District Development Planning ...... 6 Planning Horizon and Period of Validation ...... 7 Base Map ...... 7 Population Projected per Sector 2012-2017 ...... 8 Observations Census and Projected Population Year 2012 ...... 8 Population Projection 2012 - 2017 ...... 8 National and District Objectives to Be Focused On/ ...... 11 Prioritized/Implemented During the Planning Period 2012-2017 ...... 11 Vision 2020 ...... 11 Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) ...... 12 District Profile and SWOT Analysis ...... 12 Profile ...... 12 Swot Analyses ...... 13 Sector Needs Assessment ...... 14 Methodology ...... 14 Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools...... 15 Socio-Economic ...... 16 Administration ...... 16 Housing and Urbanization ...... 18 Mixed Housing interpretation ...... 20 Urban Area Definition ...... 21 District Centre Urban Function ...... 22 Existing LDP alignment with NLUDMP ...... 23 Mixed Housing interpretation ...... 23 Urban Rural Population Distribution ...... 23 Informal Settlement Upgrading ...... 24 Imidugudu Development ...... 24 Education ...... 25 Health ...... 27 Security and Justice ...... 30 Cultural Heritage ...... 31 Commercial (Economic Development and Job Promotion) ...... 31 Tourism ...... 32 Agriculture ...... 34 Mining...... 34 Industry...... 35 Forestry ...... 36 Infrastructure ...... 37 Transportation and Road System ...... 38 Power Supply/Energy ...... 39 2 LUPtextbook NYAGATARE District_V9.docx TRAINING IN GIS AND L A N D U S E PLANNING TO DISTRICT LAND PROFESSIONALS
Information and Communication Technology ...... 40 Water and Sanitation ...... 40 Risk and Suitability Analysis ...... 42 Public Consultation after Situation Analysis ...... 44 Public Awareness ...... 44 Consultation at National Level ...... 46 Public Hearing and Consultations in Relation to the LUP ...... 46 Proposed Land Use Development during the Planning Period 2012-2017 ...... 46 Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areas and Hubs of National Interest till 2020 ...... 46 Proposed Projects to Be Implemented During the Planning Period 2012-2017 ...... 46 Equitable Distribution of (National Provision of) Public Services over the Country ...... 47 Implementation of De-concentration Urban Policy ...... 47 Implementation of Sound Imidugudu Policy ...... 47 Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production ...... 47 Implementation of Projects for Increased Forestry Production ...... 47 Intensification of Mineral Deposit Exploitation ...... 47 Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development ...... 47 Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Resources ...... 47 Revitalization of Transportation System ...... 47 Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity...... 47 Public Consultation for the Draft Plan Proposal...... 47 Plan Finalization, Approval and Appeal Process ...... 47 Protocols for Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 47 Creating an (I)DDP Project Management GIS Application ...... 47 Project Objectives ...... 47 Appendix ...... 47 1. Vision 2020 ...... 47 2. EDPRS ...... 47 3. NICI – PLAN 3...... 47 4. Population Projections 2010-2020 ...... 47 5. Guidelines for DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN (DLUP) Data Management ...... 47 6. Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areas and Hubs of National Interest till 2020 ...... 47 List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ...... 48 List of Figures, Maps and Tables ...... 48 List of Boxes ...... 48 List of Photographs ...... 48
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Mayor’s Foreword
‘The Land Use Plan for Nyagatare District is a new concept for district development planning aligned and harmonized with the National Land Use and Development Master Plan (NLUDMP) and other national directives.. Integrated district development planning is one of the key tools for local government to manage its new developmental role. In contrast to the relatively narrow role planning had in the past, integrated development planning is now seen as a function of district management, as part of an integrated system of planning and delivery. The integrated process is meant to support decisions on issues such as district budgets, land management, promotion of local economic development and institutional transformation, and to achieve this in a consultative, systematic and strategic manner. Integrated District Development Plans, however, will not only inform the district management; they are also supposed to guide the activities of any agency from other spheres of government, corporate service providers, NGOs and the private sector within the district area. The role of the LUP is to give decision makers quick and simple digital access to information in a spatial (map enabled) context. It will thereby contribute to the fulfillment of overall national objectives, e.g. Vision 2020, food security, poverty alleviation, gender balance, conflict resolution and environmental protection.Furthermore it will enhance the impact of the NLU DMP by introducing a spatial dimension of the District Development Planning using GIS as a tool. The goal of integrated development planning is to achieve more efficient and more effective delivery of both district and other services to communities, and the creation of a framework for economic and social development in the district. A number of links also exist between integrated development planning and intended developmental outcomes.’
(Photo and signature of the Mayor)
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Summary It is recommended that the summary is in English, French and Kinyarwanda.
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Functions and Limitations of the LUP Methodology Applied for Integrated District Development Planning Based on the general methodological approach applied during the preparation of this plan, a tailored methodology to be applied for the LUP preparation is presented. The figure below shows the steps of preparations and it also defines the list of contents of the LUP.
The figure below illustrates a proposed IDDP Planning Process.
Simply, the Plan uses data from the sector planning and applies the information into a land use perspective, normally presented in a map format. The result will be as follows: Overlapping and many times conflicting sector interests will be visualized, which automatically will prompt for an inter- diciplinary process to reduce land use conflicts. Overlays of sector layers will display an overlapping and contradictory picture. The reason for this are to be found in sector interests without any synchronization and/or results based on ‘drainpipe’ legislation and lack of coordination between various authorities. And as long as enforcement is weak, these overlapping and contradictory land and water-uses can exist on paper. However, by using GIS, conflicting regulations and land uses become transparent and have to be resolved; Sector allocation of services between districts can be optimized with comparative analysis. The map format clearly points out deviances and where actions should be prioritized; The spatial distribution of services will become very transparent and will facilitate for the district to allocate new service points in an optimal way to serve the objective of equal provision of public services; Hazardous areas not suitable for a specific land use can be identified to prevent future risks and/or unproductive investments.
Furthermore, in the Rwandan context, the Plan utilized modern planning techniques such as Geographic Information System (GIS), which has proven to be an effective tool for a wide range of applications, When combined with other technologies such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and Remote Sensing (RS) further provides an enhanced and invaluable tool to use with other databases and spatial information in, various stages of sustainable development planning and management of the environment. An appropriately designed, funded and staffed GIS is able to present complex relationships in a simple and easily understood scenario.The basic analytical methods of GIS tools include:
Establishing a benchmark measurement of existing conditions to allow decision makers to see where the problems lie. They can then determine whether a new project will help correct these problems or just make them worse; Forecasting what will happen if a society continues to grow in the same way, then measuring the impacts – whether positive or negative – of alternative land-use scenarios;
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Comparing several alternative land-use scenarios in order to help select a preferred alternative for adoption and implementation; Evaluating policy decisions after they are implemented to ensure that they are meeting the original objectives.
Planning Horizon and Period of Validation A validation period of 5 years (2013-2017)in line with other national and local revolving plans is proposed. Being the first LUP ever made based on a new concept not previously tested it is likely that that LUP might need improvement s and other types of revisions during the planning period.
Base Map A Base Map serves as a background layer for the preparation of various sector or thematic information.It reflects the boundaries of the whole study area, the major roads, settlement pattern/urban-rural and important naming for easy reference and the important natural features such as lakes, streams and rivers. Different types of information may be reflected and overlaid in the base map that would enable the user to visually relate development trends, constraints, etc. in the thematic area of study.
For the district land use planning a District Base Map has been prepared. This map is used in the preparation of needs analysis maps based on population distribution and population projection. The common denominator is the sector administrative area. In a GIS, each thematic sector, such as education, can add layers with data from its own field that will be analyzed and exposed in a comprehensive format. Most of the districts can be presented on the scale of 1:50,000 which is suitable to be placed in a display or to be hanged on the wall in an A1 or A0 paper size.
The map below presents the Base Map on a reduced scale for Nyagatare District. The Base Map is available with the District Land Officer who can assist with a copy.
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Population Projected per Sector 2012-2017
A district’s population and how it is geographically distributed can influence the state of land use through the rate of growth and household formation, access to basic services and infrastructure, age distribution and employment opportunities, rural and urban environment and sustainable use and access to natural resources.The impact of human needs versus available resources, in the context of emerging economies, leads to increasing constraints to provide the growing population with basic human rights; food, shelter, access to quality social services and infrastructure.
Observations Census and Projected Population Year 2012
Projections were made based on Census 2002. However, Provisional results from the Census 2012 have been published showing data for the sectors. It is therefore possible to make a comparison between ‘actual’ (Census data) and projected data for year 2012 and draw some conclusions about eventual disparities. The map below presents the difference between actual and projected population.
Thematic map showing ‘Census and Projected Population by Sectors 2012’
In Tabagwe, Karangazi , Rwimiyaga, Nyagatare and Musheli Sectors population of 2012 increased and reached far beyond projections because of ......
Population Projection 2012 - 2017 The growth of the population per sector is preferably illustrated by a series of maps showing the increased population density. Population density is a key indicator for economic growth, service and utility provision and risks for environmental 8 LUPtextbook NYAGATARE District_V9.docx TRAINING IN GIS AND L A N D U S E PLANNING TO DISTRICT LAND PROFESSIONALS
degradation. Please observe that areas of lakes and protected areas are always subtracted from the total district area for better representation and the sector is being used for comparative analysis.
The color coding reflects the density increase for easy comprehension of the data:Light color for low density and increasing hue for higher densities of the sector. Also the average sector density in the district is presented in the middle interval of the density scale.
Figure Population Density by Sector 2012
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Figure Population Density by Sector 2017
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Figure PopulationProjection by Sector, 2020
National and District Objectives to Be Focused On/ Prioritized/Implemented During the Planning Period 2012-2017 Vision 2020
The Vision 2020 is aspiration and determination of Rwandans, to construct a united, democratic and inclusive Rwandan identity, after so many years of authoritarian and exclusivist dispensation. We aim, through this Vision, to transform our country into middle - income nation in which Rwandans are healthier, educated and generally more prosperous. The Rwanda we seek is one that is united and competitive both regional/provincially and locally.
To achieve this, the Vision 2020 identifies six interwoven pillars, including good governance and efficient State, skilled human capital, vibrant private sector, world-class physical infrastructure and modern agriculture and livestock, all geared towards national, regional and global markets.
This Vision is a result of a national consultative process conducted between 1997 and 2000. These discussions and debates involved Rwandans from all walks of life, including leadership of all levels in the business community, government, academia and civil society. Please refer to entire Vision 2020 document.
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A Revision of Indicators and Targets for Vision 2020 has been made, see Appendix 1 for more details. In the LUP preparation an analysis has been made to see which indicators of Vision 2020 have a spatial implication on local level and efforts have been made to show how these indicators can be fulfilled in the planning period. The analysis is found in Appendix 1
Economic Development for Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) Rwanda’s Economic Development and Poverty Reduction Strategy (EDPRS) sets out the country’s objectives, priorities and major policies for the period 2008-2012. It provides a road map to government, development partners, the private sector and civil society which indicates where Rwanda wants to go, what it needs to do to get there, how it is going to do it, what the journey is going to cost and how it will be financed. The strategy provides a medium-term framework for achieving the country’s long term development aspirations as embodied in Rwanda Vision 2020, the seven year Government of Rwanda (GoR) programme, and the Millennium Development Goals.The process of elaboration of EDPRS 2 is now underway, and is aimed at ensuring that in the medium-term Rwanda is on track for achieving its goal of becoming a low middle-income country by the year 2020. Please refer to the District Development Plan (DDP) for how the district has accommodated the requirements of the EDPRS 2.
District Profile and SWOT Analysis District profiling is an attempt to present a comprehensive picture of a district’s development potentials. The idea is that the information can guide both public and private investments utilizing this nature driven and man-made capacity to Nyagatare district. Profile :Geographical, population and socio-economic situation The District of Nyagatare is one of the seven districts making up the Eastern Province. The District is divided into 14 Sectors, 106 cells and 630 Villages. It spreads over an area of 1920, 11 Km2, with Uganda at its North, Tanzania at its East, Gatsibo District at South and Gicumbi District on its West (District monograph 2012) It is the one of the largest districts in the country with the total population of 466,944(NISR2012 population census results). The table below shows how the population is distributed across the 14 sectors that made up Nyagatare district.
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Sector Population(male) Population(Female) Total Gatumba 13,369 14,510 27,879 Karama 12,662 14,065 26,727 Karangazi 28,541 28,330 56,871 Katabagemu 16,789 17,862 34,651 Kiyombe 8,016 9,045 17,061 Matimba 11,921 12,247 24,168 Mimuli 13,081 14,285 27,366 Mukama 10,450 11,369 21,819 Musheli 15,841 16,562 32,403 Nyagatare 26,062 26,063 52,125 Rukomo 16,681 17,696 34,377 Rwempasha 9,793 95,35 19,328 Rwimiyaga 29,463 29,463 58,847 Tabagwe 16,020 17,302 33,322 Total 22,610 23,8334 46,6944
Swot Analyses
Strengths Strong Political will Population and leadership’s will for the change Existence of dialogues framework with partners The presence of basic development infrastructures The existence of dynamic Cooperatives Young and active population Friendly and collaborative local government Unity and social cohesion & cooperative population Reasonable participation of women in decision making processes Tourism and Hospitality
Weakness Low productivity of agriculture; Low post harvest and agro-processing; Inefficiency of roads; Limit access to safe water; Low level of Households connectivity to electricity due to inefficient energy; High rate of wood use of source of energy; Low connectivity and use of IT facilities; Low level of private investment in development; Youth unemployment;
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Informal finance sector; Poverty still remains in Nyagatare district population; Scattered and unplanned habitat; Old schools infrastructures and equipments; Inaccessibility to health facilities;
Opportunities (in the future) Strong untapped potential in tourism; potential investments in industries processing agricultural products; Strong opportunities for small livestock, poultry and the production and processing of slaughter of livestock products; Best position of the District to markets of Western Tanzania and Uganda. That present opportunities to increase exports and to facilitate access to raw materials; Potential mining including; High consumption of the District population characterized by a high proportion of purchases of consumer goods in the market (83.5%) higher than the national average of 64.62%.
Threats Natural calamites High risk zones
Sector Needs Assessment Methodology To have a flexible approach and allow opportunities for sound information products that adopt to various kinds of analyses the data is divided into sector folders which follow international metadata recommendations. Needs Assessments are primary done for socio-economic and infrastructure data while the Risk & Suitability Analysis depends on environment and land management data, see figure below:
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Performance Indicators and Assessment Tools Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to assess the implementation of
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(I)DDPbased on the existing situation according to the national or districtpriorities. Consequently, attribute tables with agreed indicators for services and utilities the district provides have been prepared,see Appendix ….
Performance indicators can be developed in line with national visions and targets to assess the existing situation of the respective district according to the national priorities. The table below illustrates some of the key indicators and assessment tools that can be used in a pilot district context.
The criteria forthe indicator can be exemplified in the following way: Comparison between Administrative Sectors of Comparison between Service/Utility Units within the the District District ‘fair’ The situation is acceptable compared to national Premises, grounds, structures, equipment, etc. are in (green) visions or a local assessment based on a defined such condition so that services can be conducted set of criteria. without any serious constraints. ‘poor’ The situation is not up to the standard compared to The condition of premises, grounds, structures, (yellow) national visions or an assessment based on a equipment, etc. are deteriorating so it is likely that the defined set of criteria. facility cannot service the catchment area sufficiently within the planning period. ‘critical’ The situation is in such a poor state that national The condition of premises, grounds, structures, (red) visions cannot be met. equipment, etc. are insufficient and/or so poor already today so that the facility cannot service the catchment area sufficiently.
As this statistics are available for all administrative sectors of the district, the indicators can be compiled on a map with a district overview so that each administrative sector can be analyzed and the sector falling behind can be identified. Likewise, if the common denominator is a feature object (for example a school or a road segment), the same comparison can be done and the features that are not up to standard are easy identifiable.
Socio-Economic Administration Thematic map showing ‘Sector Office Condition 2013’.
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The following performance indicators have been used:
PHYSICAL CONDITION ELECTRICITY WATER INTERNET Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes Poor Poor No Yes No Critical Critical No No No
Thematic map showing ‘Women Representation in Sector Council 2013’.
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VISION 2020 Status in Current status Vision Proposed new Indicator 2000 2020 Target target 45. Women None 30 40 40 representation in decision making organs(%)
The following performance indicators have been used:
Women Representation in Sector Council (%) Fair >=40 Poor >30<40 Critical <=30
Housing and Urbanization
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The Imidugudu Policy needs an urban ‘sister’ to prevent accelerated (and uncontrolled) migration to existing urban areas, predominately Kigali City. This ‘Umujyi’ Policy aims to counteract unplanned habitation and the increase of informal settlements with poor services and unhealthy conditions. Rwanda is still a low urbanized country and has a unique opportunity to set the standards for sustainable urban development that most African countries fail to do at the moment. The next ten years will be crucial if Rwanda will be a success story in this respect or join the others that have flopped.
Likewise, the urban planning should now take advantage of available spatial data in combination with modern analysis and presentation tools, strengthen the participatory process at local government level, practice conscious and applied direction of public (and private) efforts to develop district centres into urban growth points.in order to make it possible to design a modular alternative of sustainable urban development. (Extract from the National Land Use and Development Master Plan)
Table 1 : District Urbanization Analysis 1
DISTRICT DISTRICT URBANIZATION Estimated Population ANALYSIS 2010 Built-Up Area Density Land (Pop/ % of total # Unique ID DISTRICT NAME (sqKm)* No sqKm) sqKm Land 1 0507 BUGESERA 1 222 318543 261 13,54 1,1 2 0404 BURERA 566 383003 677 2,46 0,4 3 0402 GAKENKE 703 384536 547 0,91 0,1 4 0102 GASABO 428 467678 1093 41,13 9,6 5 0503 GATSIBO 1 277 338461 265 41,13 3,2 6 0405 GICUMBI 827 429520 519 41,13 5,0 7 0202 GISAGARA 679 309778 456 2,42 0,4 8 0204 HUYE 582 312049 537 10,90 1,9 9 0208 KAMONYI 656 333074 508 1,62 0,2 10 0301 KARONGI 785 250420 319 3,27 0,4 11 0504 KAYONZA 1 365 303237 222 16,79 1,2 12 0103 KICUKIRO 167 273997 1644 30,50 18,3 13 0505 KIREHE 1 155 342955 297 23,57 2,0 14 0207 MUHANGA 648 316956 489 5,16 0,8 15 0403 MUSANZE 404 366667 907 10,61 2,6 16 0506 NGOMA 813 280732 345 9,30 1,1 17 0305 NGORORERO 618 337020 546 1,85 0,3 18 0304 NYABIHU 395 320444 812 3,73 0,9 19 0502 NYAGATARE 1 753 304608 174 15,20 0,9 20 0205 NYAMAGABE 1 090 334343 307 3,03 0,3 21 0307 NYAMASHEKE 733 388105 529 1,22 0,2 22 0201 NYANZA 672 268911 400 3,65 0,5 23 0101 NYARUGENGE 134 345802 2582 17,77 13,3 24 0203 NYARUGURU 792 279635 353 0,94 0,1 25 0303 RUBAVU 179 349443 1951 11,26 6,3 26 0206 RUHANGO 627 293537 468 2,96 0,5 27 0401 RULINDO 567 300025 529 0,75 0,1 28 0306 RUSIZI 560 396366 708 1,79 0,3 29 0302 RUTSIRO 520 315660 607 0,97 0,2 30 0501 RWAMAGANA 655 263291 402 4,81 0,7 TOTAL: 21 571 9 908 796 324,38 AVERAGE 648 10,81 2,4 AVERAGE EXCLUDING KIGALI CITY 563 8,70 1,2
Rwanda is still a low urbanized country and has a unique opportunity to set the standards for sustainable urban development 19 LUPtextbook NYAGATARE District_V9.docx TRAINING IN GIS AND L A N D U S E PLANNING TO DISTRICT LAND PROFESSIONALS
that most African countries fail to do at the moment. The next ten years will be crucial if Rwanda will be a success story in this respect or join the other countries that have flopped.Likewise, the urban planning should now take advantage of available spatial data in combination with modern analysis and presentation tools, strengthen the participatory process at local government level to make it possible to design a modular alternative of sustainable urban development. Conscious and Applied Direction of Public (and Private) efforts to develop District centre into urban growth points.
Mixed Housing interpretation Mixed housing means that in a new area there should be opportunities for all income groups to settle. In this model area we propose that a new housing areaof reasonable size should be divided in 25% for high income, 25% for medium income group and 50% for the low income group. However, as no official definition of the incomes groups has been found but the assumption is that a major share of the area should be reserved for families with a low income.
The design gives the following flexibility: There is a standard plot size of 600 Sqm which should accommodate 120 SqM building area; The vertical directives imply that the structures will be in two or three storeys; The housing unit for a family with a low income will be 30 SqM floor area, which will means that with three storey building, the plot will accommodate 12 housing units; The housing unit for a household with medium income will be 120 SqM floor area divided in two storeys, which will means that with a two storey building, the plot will accommodate two housing units; The housing unit for a household with high income will be 240 SqM floor area divided in two storeys, which will means that with a two storey building, the plot will accommodate one housing unit. Sustainable District Centre Development Urban functions are defined as a subsystem in order to facilitate adiscussion of environmental and socio-economic issues related to specific activities within, housing, service, commercial, industry and other functions. The planning of urban areas with regard to urban functionsstrongly relates to the economic and social aspects of sustainabilityincluding demographic issues as well as the inclusion of unregulatedsettlements and poor people in the planning process. The increasingnumber of people moving into urban areas, as well as the structureof the population, must be considered in combination with thedimensioning, location, planning and design of housing and residentialareas. Urban functions are normally defined as residential, commercial,educational, industrial production and other vital urban functions.
The challenge of bringing housing and other urban functionsfor poor migrants into the overall planning procedure must not beunderestimated and calls for multi-stakeholder involvement includingrepresentatives of poor women and men. As pointed out before the Imidugudu policy needs to be complemented with a ‘decentralized’ modular urbanization strategy, ‘Umujyi,’ to prevent hazardous and uncontrolled migration from the rural areas into Kigali City. Attractive Districts Centres have to be established to meet people’s expectation on a life with a quality.
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The following features are proposed for a modern District Centre by year 2017:
Urban Area Definition An Urban Area in Rwanda is defined as a built-up agglomeration which exceeds 20 sqKmand has a population of more than 10,000 permanent living resulting in a population density of more than 1000 persons/sqKm; The function can, but must not be, administrative. If so, the following administrative roles can be assigned: Capital City is an urban area that holds authorities and institutions for central governance; Provincial Centre is an urban area that holds authorities and institutions for provincial governance; District Centre is an urban area that holds authorities and institutions for local governance; Sector Centre is an urban area that holds authorities and institutions for local governance. It can be a gazetted urban area, which means that an urban development plan has been approved to steer the development of the area; The area should be supplied with basic urban services and utilities as regard to housing, education, health, recreation, transportation, ICT, energy, water and sanitation, etc.; Besides from Kigali City, other urban areas are not a judicial entity - they are merely an urban component of a district.
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District Centre Urban Function An Urban Development Plan (UDP) shall be prepared for the layout of the District Centre, consulted and approved following the guidelines in the NLUDMP: Location: The Centre shall be located on non-fertile soil and no new permanent buildings will be allowed on slopes more than 20 degrees or where flooding occurs. Population: The Centre should accommodate more than 10,000 inhabitants and correspond to about 15 % of the respective district total population by 2020. Housing: Areas of Low, medium and (moderate) high residential density should be zoned for in a mixed context. Education: (At least) One tertiary education facility: University branch, technical college, etc. should be located in the Centre. Health: A district hospital shall provide secondary health services to the Centre and the district population. Administration: District office with an inviting and ‘transparent’ architectural design and a multi-purpose community hall should be found in the District Centre. Commercial: A pedestrian friendly shopping area with a market place should be centrally located in the Centre. Culture, sport and recreation: A sport and recreation area shall be zoned, accommodating an arena for sports and culture, swimming pool and creative playground. A multi-purposed hall shall be constructed for major cultural and official events. Protection: A district court, a district police station and a fire station would be the basis for a secure and safe living environment for the Centre and the District as a whole. Industrial: Areas with non-polluting small-scale industries should be included to have sufficient production of basic goods and exploiting local human and natural resources found specifically in the district.. Transportation: Regular public transport with gas powered vehicles shall be provided for the inhabitants. A bus terminal for regional public transportation should be zoned for at a conflict free location. ICT. The Centre shall be provided with a fiber optic network. Energy: The Centre shall be connected with the national electrical grid. Local energy production: Biogas, hydro, solar panels, etc. shall be generated. Water: Potable water will be distributed to all due via pipes or water posts. Rain water harvesting shall be a mandatory requirement for construction of new housing. Sewerage: A functional system built-up offers good hygienic standard shall be provided. Solid waste: A landfill area with a biogas digester and a recycle centre shall be located in an environmentally safe place.
As regard to Nyagatare District the following urban functions are not in place 2013:
Specify here the result of your analysis
A ‘Local Development Plan’ has been prepared by a consultant under the supervision of RHA in year here. It has been approved by the Parliament date here. OR: It has not yet been approved by the Parliament. The Planning Horizon of the LDP is 20??-20??.
In the DLUP the demarcation of the District Centre planning area of the LDP has been inserted. The urban area is SqKm and represents ??% of the district total area.
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Existing LDP alignment with NLUDMP
The Law Relating to Land Use and Development Planning in Rwanda stipulates that
‘Land use and development plans and urban area plans which were adopted before this law shall remain in force but subjected to amendments that will align them with the National Land Use and Development Master Plan’.
Mixed housing…
The following issues of the LDP are not aligned with the NLUDMP:
The rationales for the urban area delineation are not found;
There is no mixed housing found in the plan;
No financial plan for the implementation of the plan is enclosed.
Informal Settlement upgrading has not been tackled in the LDP
Mixed Housing interpretation Mixed housing means that in a new area of reasonable size there should be opportunities for all income groups to settle. In this model area we propose that a new housing areaof reasonable size should be divided in 25% for high income, 25% for medium income group and 50% for the low income group. However, as no official definition of the incomes groups has been found but the assumption is that a major share of the area should be reserved for families with a low income.
The design gives the following flexibility: There is a standard plot size of 600 SqM which should accommodate 120 SqM building area; The vertical directives imply that the structures will be in two or three storeys; The housing unit for a family with a low income will be 30 SqM floor area, which will means that with three storey building, the plot will accommodate 12 housing units; The housing unit for a household with medium income will be 120 SqM floor area divided in two storeys, which will means that with a two storey building, the plot will accommodate two housing units; The housing unit for a household with high income will be 240 SqM floor area divided in two storeys, which will means that with a two storey building, the plot will accommodate one housing unit. Urban Rural Population Distribution Use the following table to calculate the distribution of urban rural population by 2017: ‘UrbanizationAnalysis_NameOfYourDistrict_v1’found in folder ‘DraftPlan’.
Nyagatare district
Projected Population 2017 = 1 000 000
URBAN/RURAL SCENARIOS % Nos URBAN 30 300 000 District Centres 25 250 000 Other Urban Areas 5 15 000
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RURAL 70 700 000 Imidigdugu 70 700 000 Scattered 0 0 TOTAL: 1 000 000
Informal Settlement Upgrading Informal Settlement Upgrading is regarding to be an issue to be handled in the Urban Development Plan. If this has not been cared for in the LDP for the District centre it will be notified.
Imidugudu Development Thematic map showing ‘Proposed Sites and Condition for Existing Imidugudu Villages, 2013 - 2017.
The following performance indicators have been used Indicator Physical Electricity: Piped water; Primary Health Internet condition: critical; Yes; No Yes: No School: Yes; Center: Connection: poor; fair No Yes; No Yes; No Analysis Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
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Poor Poor Yes Yes No No No Critical Critical No No No No No
Education The thematic maps should, based on available attribute data, answer the following questions:
What existing schools should be prioritized for upgrading and condition improvements?
What sectors are not sufficiently provided with education facilities?
Present optimum locations for new schools.
Thematic map showing ‘Existing and Proposed Sites for Primary Schools, 2013-2017’.
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Thematic map showing ‘Existing and Proposed Sites for Secondary Schools, 2013-2017’.
Thematic map showing ‘Primary and Secondary School Training Capacity 2013’.
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VISION 2020 Status in Current status Vision Proposed new Indicator 2000 2020 Target target 43.A Pupils – None 58-1 None 40-1 qualified teacher ratio in Primary 43.B Pupils – None 37-1 None 30-1 qualified teacher ratio in Secondary
The following performance indicators have been used:
Primary School Pupil/ Qualified Pupil/Classroom Teacher Planning Standard 40 <=46 Fair <=40 47-70 Poor >40<60 71-99 Critical >=60 >100
Secondary School Pupil/ Qualified Pupil/Classroom Teacher Planning Standard 30 <=46 Fair <=30 47-70 Poor >30<40 71-99 Critical >=40 >=100
The following performance indicators have been used:
Health The thematic maps should, based on available attribute data, answer the following questions: What existing health facilities should be prioritized for upgrading and condition improvements?
What areas are not sufficiently provided with health facilities?
Present optimum locations for new health facilities.
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Thematic map showing ‘Existing and Proposed Sites for Primary Health Facilities, 2013-2017’.
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Thematic map showing ‘Primary Health Facility Condition 2013’.
The following performance indicators have been used:
Indicator Physical Electricity: Piped Internet Incinerator: condition: Yes; No water; Yes: Connection: Yes; No critical; poor; No Yes; No Analysis fair Fair Fair Yes Yes Yes Yes Poor Poor Yes Yes No No Critical Critical No No No No
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Security and Justice
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Cultural Heritage
Commercial (Economic Development and Job Promotion) Trading Centres ?? sites with existing market and trade centre – Prioritized ‘(Rural) Market Centres’ – have been identified and is found on the Plan’s Directives Map’.
The selection criteria are as follows: The centre must be located in close proximity to a main (national/district?) road; at least 10 Km away from a centre of similar function.
A site within what has been defined for urban development of District Centres is recommended to have priority over adjacent location.
The centre must have at least one substantial value-added manufacturing enterprise or large scale distribution depot within its boundary which "exports" goods or services to its hinterland.
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Thematic map showing ‘Rural Market Centres Condition 2013’.
The following performance indicators have been used Physical Electricity: Piped Waste Parking Indicator condition: Yes; No water; Yes: management: arrangement: critical; poor; No fair; poor; fair; poor; fair critical critical Analysis Fair Fair Yes Yes Fair Fair Poor Poor Yes Yes Poor Poor Critical Critical No No Critical Critical
Tourism
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Thematic map showing ‘Tourist Attraction 2013’.
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Agriculture Pending, checking Vision 2020 for relevant indicator for comparative analysis (data from administrative sector)
Mining Thematic map showing ‘Mining 2013’.
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Industry Thematic map showing ‘Industry 2013 - 2017’.
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Forestry VISION 2020 Status in Current status Vision Proposed new Indicator 2000 2020 Target target 19. Forest cover (% None 22.4 None 30 of land area)
Thematic map showing ‘Forest 2013 - 2017’.
The following table from NLUDMP can be of interest: Slope Degree Forest Cover >20 >25 >30 >35 >40 SqKm Existing forest 2010 incl. Agagera Nature Park 20% 20% 20% 20% 20% Proposed Corridor to protect and create biodiversity 0,33% 0,33% 0,33% 0,33% 0,33% 79.46 Planting in Gishwati within Protected Area 1,14% 1,14% 1,14% 1,14% 1,14% 270.86 Area (SqKm) for forest by Slope Degree 23,05% 14,47% 7,4% 2,74% 0,76% Area (SqKm) with poor 0% 0% 1,1% 5,8% 7,8% suitability for agriculture below 30 degree slope needed for forest plantationto meet Vision 2020 objectives of 30% land area.
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Total Area for Forestation 2020 44,5% 35,9% 30% 30% 30%
Which has been simplified and applied to the district level:
Forest Cover in District
Existing forest 2013 incl. Protected Area(s), SqKm Proposed Corridor to protect and create biodiversity, SqKm Area (SqKm) for proposed forestation>=30 >=40Slope Degree, SqKm Area (SqKm) for proposed forestation 20-29 Slope Degree, SqKm Area (SqKm) with poor suitability for agriculture below 20degree slope needed for forest plantationto meet Vision 2020 objectives of 30% land area, SqKm Total Area for Forestation 2017, SqKm Total District Area, SqKm Total Forest Cover of TotalDistrict Area,2017, %
Infrastructure
For infrastructure utilities (that often is defined as polylines in the GIS) it is also to be observed the difference between a ‘Planning Reserve’ and a ‘Right of Way’ (RoW): The planning reserve is the buffer zone along the proposed centre line of a utility (road, power grid, optic fiber network, etc.) which are subject to palling activities. The width of the reserve is ‘generous’ in order to allow alignment changes caused by various reasons during the planning and the preparation stages. This is a temporary restriction and once the infrastructure is in place, the planning reserve will be replaced by a more ‘narrow’ RoW. The width of the RoW is a permanent restriction for other land uses and will be defined by safety precautions, maintenance operations and drawbacks such as emissions. For example, the planning reserve for the proposed railway suggests a corridor of 500 M on both sides of the planned rail while the RoW is 20 M once the railway been constructed and is being used.
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Transportation and Road System
Thematic map showing ‘Road Condition 2013’.
The following performance indicators have been used:
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Indicator Physical condition: critical; poor; Analysis fair Fair Fair Poor Poor Critical Critical
Power Supply/Energy
VISION 2020 Status in Current status Vision Proposed new Indicator 2000 2020 Target target 21.Access to 2 10.8 35 75 electricity (% of population)
Indicator Percent of Housing Units connected with Analysis electricity Fair 75 Poor 35 Critical 10 Thematic map showing ‘Energy 2013 - 2017’.
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Information and Communication Technology
Thematic map showing ‘Information and Communication Technology 2013’. Pylon Fiber Optic Network
Base Map with: Population Density by Sector Area for Urban Development (UDP delineation) Major Road -National -District Protected Area Built-up Area River Lake District Boundary Sector Boundary Sector Office/Centre Name of Sector
Waterand Sanitation
VISION 2020 Status in Current status Vision Proposed new Indicator 2000 2020 Target target 28. Access to 20 74.5 60 100 improved sanitation facilities (% of population.) 29. Access to clean 52 74.2 100 100 water (% of population.)
Indicator Access to Access to clean improved water (% of sanitation facilities Sector Analysis (% od Sector population.) population) Fair 100 100 Poor 75-99 75-99 Critical <75 <75 Thematic map showing ‘Water and Sanitation 2013
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Thematic map showing ‘Solid Waste 2013 - 2017’. Existing and Proposed
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Risk and Suitability Analysis Figure 1 Risk and Suitability Analysis
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Overlay risk and suitability analysis is the process of putting two or more baseline layers on top of each other in the GIS to determine areas of convergence of certain features contributing to give a comprehensive picture to a particular purpose and conversely, or to eliminate or screen out features that are not suitable for that purpose.
The analysis can be extended further into determining appropriate policy interventions. Policy interventions need not be limited to targeting the negative implications of observed conditions. Positive implications need to be maintained and strengthened through policies that seek to sustain the beneficent effects. Nonetheless, policies intended to remedy the negative implications by eliminating the causative factors deserve priority attention.
Overlays of the indicator layers will probably display an overlapping and contradictory picture. The reason for this are to be found in sector interests without any synchronization and/or results based on ‘drainpipe’ legislation and lack of coordination between various authorities. And as long as enforcement is weak, these overlapping and contradictory land and water-uses can exist on paper. However, by using GIS, conflicting regulations become transparent and have to be resolved. In order to find areas for urban expansion the result might be that not all ecosystems can be preserved, not all natural hazards can be avoided and not all regulations can be respected – it has to be compromises. In the next step: considerations and feasible ‘compromises’ will be made, ‘What if’’ and ‘Making the best out of it’ will present pragmatic conclusive alternatives.
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Thematic map showing ‘Risk and Suitability Analysis, 2013 - 2017’.
The following indicators have been used to show areas not suitable for built-up areas:
Flood Prone Area = Lake, wetland, river with a buffer of 100 meters. Land Slide Prone Area = Area with a slope >20 degrees.
Regarding drought prone, earth quake and volcanic active parts of the country please refer to the chapter ‘Hazards’ in the Textbook of the NLUDMP, p 118..
For risk prone existing built-up areas, the residents in these areas should be informed about the risks and special concerns will be taken at any type of land use change that requires a building permit.
Public Consultation after Situation Analysis Public Awareness Dissemination of information is of basic importance to the increase in public awareness regarding urban and environmental issues. The development of learning programs is especially important for the future, programs that include not only technical knowledge on specific aspects, but also on the holistic and integrated system approach. Besides from ad hoc consultations during plan preparation there should be two official Consultation Periods:
After Situation Analysis Once the draft LUP has been prepared.
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Figure 2 Planning is a process where dissemination of information is very important
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Consultation at National Level (The procedure here not yet discussed with and not yet decided by RNRA) Public Hearing and Consultations in Relation to the LUP
Proposed Land Use Development during the Planning Period 2012-2017 Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areasand Hubs of National Interest till 2020 Proposed Legislation’, specifies the purpose in the following way (article 8):
‘ All government organs, including a district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted administrative entity, shall be bound by the Rwanda Land Use and Development Master Plan to adhere to its binding aspects of land use and development planning. These aspects concern land use and development and its distribution affecting also sector interest management, be they spatial or process orientated, or, otherwise, where overall national interests must precede local ones. All government organs, including the district, City of Kigali or similarly entrusted administrative entity shall be guided by the Rwanda Land Use and Development Master Plan. Such guidance concerns land uses and sector interests management, be they spatial or process orientated or otherwise, where overall national interests do not need to precede local ones, and where the latter may be encouraged to utilize their local natural and human resource characteristics to enhance the character of local context land uses. ‘
The demarcated areas and hubs of National Interest on the Map presenting the Final Plan (1:250,000) determine and designate the location and/or nature of guiding and binding land use development 2010-2020 indicate that the specified land use has the highest priority in the concerned areas and that other land uses have to respect that. It also implies that the national sector (strategic) plans, (Integrated) District Development Plans and Urban Development Plans must show in an explicit way that they have observed the guiding and binding aspects of the Plan and the reasons behind. Once the Plan has been approved by the parliament, the responsible authorities must not propose, adopt or implement any land use in their plans that will be in conflict with the areas and hubs of national interest pointed out in the Final Plan, Land use and infrastructure development influencing or connecting to neighboring districts should be coordinated, that is aligned and harmonized, before adoption/approval of the (Integrated) District Development Plans respectively.
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2017 The task for the (I)DDP is to find out/decide what projects that are being discussed, have been decided, are in the pipe-line and or are under implementation and for the LUP to map them in order just to identify them physically, to find out that they are not overlapping in a negative way.
Equitable Distribution of (National Provision of) Public Services over the Country Implementation of De-concentration Urban Policy Implementation of Sound Imidugudu Policy Implementation of Projects for Improved Agricultural Production Implementation of Projects for Increased Forestry Production Intensification of Mineral Deposit Exploitation Implementation of Projects for Tourism Development Exploitation and Supply of Sustainable and Renewable Energy Resources Revitalization of Transportation System Conservation and Protection of Natural Biodiversity
Public Consultation for the Draft Plan Proposal (Similar approach as for ‘after Situation Analysis’. Check also what the legislation says.)
Plan Finalization, Approval and Appeal Process (Check what the legislation says.)
Protocols for Monitoring and Evaluation Creating an (I)DDP Project Management GIS Application Project Objectives (Depending on time available this will be elaborated on in the LUP)
Appendix 1. Vision 2020 2. EDPRS 3. NICI – PLAN 3 4. Population Projections 2010-2020 5. Guidelines for DISTRICT LAND USE PLAN (DLUP) Data Management 6. Binding Directives for Land Use Changes of Areas and Hubs of National Interest till 2020
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List of Acronyms and Abbreviations
List of Figures, Maps and Tables
List of Boxes
List of Photographs
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