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CRISES AND OPPORTUNITIES: THE FUTURES OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING Carlos J. Alonso Cathy N. Davidson John M. Unsworth Lynne Withey American Council of Learned Societies ACLS OCCASIONAL PAPER, No. 57 ISSN 1041-536X CRISES AND OPPORTUNITIES: THE FUTURES OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING Carlos J. Alonso Cathy N. Davidson John M. Unsworth Lynne Withey American Council of Learned Societies ACLS OCCASIONAL PAPER, No. 57 THE SESSION ON "CRISES AND OPPORTUNITIES: THE FUTURES OF SCHOLARLY PUBLISHING" WAS PRESENTED AT THE ACLS ANNUAL MEETING ON MAY IO, 2003. CONTENTS Introduction 1 Remarks by: Carlos J. Alonso 7 Cathy N. Davidson 21 John M. Unsworth 37 LynneWithey 45 INTRODUCTION In 1958, the American Council of Learned Societies sponsored a study to determine whether or not scholarly manuscripts face difficulties extrinsic to their merit in attaining publication. The study concluded that "in most branches of the humanities and social sciences, at the present time, the uncomplicated scholarly manuscript of good quality can usually count upon reasonably rapid publication at no expense to the author." This happy state of affairs was traced back to a major Ford Foundation program supporting university presses. Unfortunately, the past is indeed another country, and we can't get there from here. Almost fifty years later, the system of scholarly publishing is strained. A recent article in The ChronicleofHigherEducation begins: "Academic publishing is where developments in scholarship meet the bottom line. And lately, it hasn't been a happy meeting place." In many fields, the published monograph is the primary currency of academic prominence and promotion. Yet fiscal pressures have caused many university presses to restrict their publication of scholarly monographs. Will this reduction deflate that currency and warp established practices of peer review and tenuring? "[J]unior faculty members...find themselves in a maddening double-bind," wrote Stephen Greenblatt to the members of the Modern Language Association. 2 "They a face a challenge-under inflexible time con- straints and with very high stakes-that many of them may be unable to meet successfully, no matter how strong or serious their scholarly achievement, because academic presses simply cannot afford to publish their books." Some in the university press community question whether it is their role to certify the path of scholarly careers. "[O]ver the last thirty years literature departments learned how to outsource a key component ofthe tenure-granting process to university presses, and now, having become dependent on the habit, they see no way to change it," writes Lindsay Waters, executive editor for the humanities at Harvard University Press.3 "To a considerable degree people in departments stopped assessing for themselves the value ofa candidate as a scholar and started waiting for the presses to decide." Perhaps too many monographs are published. Some books could be better as articles, it is suggested, and articles should be sufficient credentials for tenure. While newer forms of scholarly communication such as electronic publishing may provide new means of disseminating scholarship, it remains uncertain how the scholarly community at large will value them. The "crisis" of the scholarly monograph, then, is not merely a crisis in the economics of scholarly publishing, but also in the processes of peer review and academic self-governance, prompting reflection on practices of scholarly evaluation that we have simply taken for granted. At the 2003 ACLS Annual Meeting, four speakers approached this topic from different standpoints: as leaders of learned societies, as senior university officials, from the point of view of a university press, and from the digital frontier. Each panelist spoke for approximately fifteen minutes, after which the panelists addressed questions from the floor. The speakers were: CARLOS J. ALONSO is the Edwin B. and Leonore R. Williams Professor and Chair of the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Pennsylvania. He has taught previously at Wesleyan University and at Emory University. His research focuses on nineteenth- and twentieth-century Latin American intellectual history and cultural production, and modern literary theory. Professor Alonso is the author of Modernity andAutochthony: The SpanishAmericanRegional Novel and The Burden ofModernity: The Rhetoric ofCulturalDiscoursein SpanishAmerica, and is the editor of Julio Cortdzar: New Readings. He was also editor of PMLA, the scholarly journal of the Modern Language Association of America, for the period 2000-03. His "Editor's Column" in the March 2003 issue was entitled "Having a Spine: Facing the Crisis of Scholarly Publishing." He is also a member of the editorial boards of Comparative Literature and Revista Iberoamericana. CATHY DAVIDSON is Vice Provost for Interdisciplinary Studies at Duke University, where she is also the Ruth F. DeVarney Professor of English and Director of the John Hope Franklin Humanities Institute. As Vice Provost for Interdisciplinary Studies, she provides leadership in promoting interdisciplinary exchange across the University's eight schools, has oversight of approximately sixty interdisciplinary research centers and institutes, and works to promote innovative research and teaching across disciplinary boundaries. She oversees the Common Fund, the University Scholars Program, the Institute of the Arts, and the program in Information Science and Information Studies. Cathy Davidson has published numerous books, including Revolution and the Word: The Rise of the Novel in America; Reading in America: Literatureand Social History; The Book ofLove: Writers and Their Love Letters; Thirty-Six Views ofMount Fuji: On Finding Myself in Japan; and, with Linda Wagner-Martin, The Oxford Companion to Women 's Writing in the United States and The Oxford Book of Women 's Writingin the United States. In collaboration with photographer Bill Bamberger, she produced the book Closing: The LifeandDeath ofanAmerican Factory, winner ofthe 1998 Mayflower Cup Award for Nonfiction. Professor Davidson is general editor of the Oxford University Press EarlyAmerican Women Writers series, past president of the American Studies Association, and past editor of American Literature. She is currently working on a novel. LYNNE WITHEY was appointed Director of the University of California Press by the University of California Board of Regents in August 2002. She joined the Press in 1986 as an assistant director and became associate director in 1993, with responsibility for strategic planning and general operations. She has also played a major role in shaping editorial programs; in acquiring books in history, music, Asian and Middle Eastern studies, and public health; and in launching the Press's electronic publishing program. A graduate of Smith College in Northampton, Massachusetts, Lynne Withey majored in American Studies and later earned a Ph.D. in history from the University of California, Berkeley. She was an assistant professor of history at the University of Iowa from 1974 to 1979 and a visiting assistant professor at Boston University from 1977 to 1978. In 1980, Dr. Withey joined the staff of the Vice President for Academic Affairs in the University of California's Office of the President. She simultaneously lectured in history at Berkeley from 1980 to 1988. Lynne Withey is the author of four books, including the recently reissued Dearest Friend, A Life of Abigail Adams, and Voyages of Discovery: Captain Cook and British Exploration of the Pacific. Dr. Withey now serves on the Board of Directors for the American Association of University Presses JOHN M. UNSWORTH is currently Dean of the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, with appointments as professor at that school and in the department of English. From 1993 to 2003, he was director of the Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities and associate professor of English at the University of Virginia. John Unsworth graduated from Amherst College in 1981. He received a Master's degree in English from Boston University in 1982 and a Ph.D. in English from the University of Virginia in 1988. Following a one-year faculty appointment at the University of Virginia, Dean Unsworth joined the English department at North Carolina State University, where (in 1990) he co-founded and began co-editing Postmodern Culture, the Internet's first peer-reviewed scholarly journal. In 1993, he returned to the University of Virginia as director of the newly formed Institute for Advanced Technology in the Humanities and as a professor in the department of English. He has taught hypertext theory, literary theory, postmodernism, popular fiction, publishing technologies, and American literature. As the Institute's director, he has overseen research projects across the disciplines in the humanities, published widely on the topic of elec- tronic scholarship, and supervised the Institute's software development program. DeanUnsworth also serves as chairman of the Board of Directors of the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium, president of the Associations for Computers and the Humanities, and co-chair of the Modern Language Association's Committee on Scholarly Editions. He was also the principal designer and acting director of a new Master's degree in digital humanities at the University of Virginia. MARSHALL COHEN, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Law at the University of Southern California, and Vice Chair of

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