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Salvatore Esposito Atti Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia Atti del XXXV Convegno annuale Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference a cura di / edited by Salvatore Esposito Atti del 35. Convegno annuale / Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia ; a cura di Salvatore Esposito = Proceedings of the 35th Annual Conference / Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia ; edited by Salvatore Esposito. – Pavia : Pavia University Press, 2016. – XV, 298 p. : ill. ; 24 cm. – (Atti) http://archivio.paviauniversitypress.it/oa/9788869520433 ISBN 9788869520426 (brossura) ISBN 9788869520433 (e-book PDF) In testa al front: SISFA, Società Italiana degli Storici della Fisica e dell’Astronomia © 2016 Pavia University Press, Pavia ISBN: 978-88-6952-043-3 Nella sezione Scientifica Pavia University Press pubblica esclusivamente testi scientifici valutati e approvati dal Comitato scientifico-editoriale. I diritti di traduzione, di memorizzazione elettronica, di riproduzione e di adattamento anche parziale, con qualsiasi mezzo, sono riservati per tutti i paesi. Il curatore e gli autori sono a disposizione degli aventi diritti con cui non abbiano potuto comunicare, per eventuali omissioni e inesattezze. In copertina: Museo dei Mezzi di Comunicazione del Comune di Arezzo, sede del convegno SISFA 2015 © Museo dei Mezzi di Comunicazione, Arezzo Prima edizione: settembre 2016 Pubblicato da: Pavia University Press – Edizioni dell’Università degli Studi di Pavia Via Luino, 12 – 27100 Pavia (PV) – Italia www.paviauniversitypress.it – [email protected] Printed in Italy Sommario Introductory remarks Lucio Fregonese................................................................................................................IX Programma del Convegno..............................................................................................XI HISTORY OF LIGHT Considerazioni sul Saggio di ricerca sull’intensità del lume di Vittorio Fossombroni Bruno Bruni........................................................................................................................ 3 Storia del Diorama Fausto Casi....................................................................................................................... 13 What is light? What is ether? An overview of Einstein’s problem on the abolition of ether and on its ineliminable presence in General Relativity Salvo D’Agostino............................................................................................................. 21 Immagini di luce: l’Accademia delle Scienze napoletana e i primi esperimenti di dagherrotipia scientifica Lucia De Frenza, Augusto Garuccio................................................................................ 29 Light and gravitation from Newton to Einstein (Abstract) Jean Eisenstaedt ............................................................................................................... 41 SCIENCE AND WORLD WAR I Campi di battaglia allo zenith: le foto aeree come strumenti di misura delle forze nemiche e la conoscenza del territorio durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale Benedetta Campanile, Augusto Garuccio ........................................................................ 45 La comunicazione in trincea: 1914-1918 Fausto Casi....................................................................................................................... 55 VI Sommario Il famigerato appello An die Kulturwelt. Un autoritratto degli intellettuali tedeschi Luigi Cerruti..................................................................................................................... 69 La ricerca dalla guerra alla pace Sandra Linguerri .............................................................................................................. 83 NUCLEAR ENERGY: 70 YEARS LATER Alvin Weinberg e il nucleare. Riflessioni su Hiroshima 70 anni dopo Vincenzo Cioci............................................................................................................... 101 Panoramica delle dichiarazioni pubbliche dei fisici contro le armi nucleari Il periodo della guerra fredda Antonino Drago, Giovanni Salio.................................................................................... 109 PHYSICS AND SCIENCE IN THE ANTIQUITY Epistemology of harmonics Danilo Capecchi............................................................................................................. 127 The ancient atomism and peculiar consequences Francesco Castaldi ......................................................................................................... 135 Il paradigma euclideo e la sua eclissi Renato Migliorato .......................................................................................................... 143 PHYSICS AND SCIENCE BETWEEN THE 17TH AND THE 19TH CENTURIES Thomas Young: una stima delle dimensioni atomiche nel primo ’800 Giuseppe Fera ................................................................................................................ 153 Sulla natura dei corpi celesti: una disputa secentesca nell’ambiente scientifico italiano Ivana Gambaro............................................................................................................... 163 Il valore educativo della riedizione in lingua italiana del testo settecentesco Automatum Inaequale di Gabriele Bonomo, matematico nicosiano Maria Luisa Tuscano...................................................................................................... 177 Atti del XXXV Convegno annuale SISFA – Arezzo 2015 VII PHYSICS AND SCIENCE IN THE 19TH CENTURY Sonno ideale della ragione Un breve scritto di ottica di un filosofo dilettante nell’Italia Umbertina Giancarlo Albertini, Anna Sicolo................................................................................... 187 The “virial theorem” derived from Lazare Carnot’s mechanics Its role of principle for the kinetic theory of gases Antonino Drago.............................................................................................................. 195 Clausius’ disgregation and other disappeared thermodynamic quantities: conceptual relics or meaningful epistemic junctions? Emilio Marco Pellegrino, Elena Ghibaudi ..................................................................... 203 Cosimo De Giorgi and the development of natural sciences in the South of Italy Arcangelo Rossi ............................................................................................................. 211 PHYSICS AND SCIENCE IN THE 20TH AND 21ST CENTURIES The beginning of Edoardo Amaldi’s interest in gravitation experiments and in gravitational wave research Luisa Bonolis, Adele La Rana ....................................................................................... 219 At the origins of nanotechnology Discoveries and though competition in the field of the carbon nanotubes Luigi Cerruti, Emilio Marco Pellegrino, Elena Ghibaudi .............................................. 229 Photon-electron scattering: some contributions by Ettore Majorana Marco Di Mauro, Salvatore Esposito, Adele Naddeo.................................................... 237 Una nota sulla critica storica alle trasformazioni di Lorentz in relatività speciale Pietro Di Mauro, Angelo Pagano................................................................................... 245 The three formulations of quantum mechanics founded on the alternative choices Antonino Drago.............................................................................................................. 251 Il centenario della pubblicazione di La formazione dei continenti e degli oceani e le ricerche di Alfred Wegener durante la Prima Guerra Mondiale Laura Franchini.............................................................................................................. 261 VIII Sommario The neutron before the neutron: Pontremoli’s compound models Leonardo Gariboldi........................................................................................................ 267 On the concept of degenerate stars: the case of white dwarfs Michael Rotondo............................................................................................................ 273 SCIENCE AND EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS AND MUSEUMS “Adotta Scienza e Arte nella scuola primaria”: un approccio al pensiero scientifico nella scuola primaria Franco L. Fabbri et al. ................................................................................................... 283 Strumenti e metodi per l’apprendimento della diffrazione ottica: un fenomeno ponte nella storia della fisica Marisa Michelini, Lorenzo Santi, Alberto Stefanel ....................................................... 291 Abstract.......................................................................................................................... 299 Introductory remarks The year 2015 abounds with anniversaries and initiatives which are very relevant for the history and public perception of science, physics and astronomy. The SISFA annual Congress keeps a special eye on the “History of Light” and on “Science and World War I” in connection with, respectively, the International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL 2015) and the centenary of Italy’s intervention in the first world conflict. No less important, the centenary of general relativity and the 70th anniversary of Hiroshima and Nagasaki are also considered, although not on the same scale and from particular perspectives such as the
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