Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare, Covering the Year from December 1, 1932, to November 30, 1933, Is Herewith Respectfully Presented
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Public Document No. 17 ©I?? (Eomttumwtttlli? of MmButtymtttz ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF Public Welfare FOR THE Year Ending November 30, 1933 parts i, ii, and iii Publication of this Document approved by the Commission on Administration and Finance 500 6-'34. Order 1344. ®f)e Commontoealtf) of ifttastfacfjutfetts DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC WELFARE Richard K. Conant, Commissioner To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives: The Fourteenth Annual Report of the Department of Public Welfare, covering the year from December 1, 1932, to November 30, 1933, is herewith respectfully presented. Members of the Advisory Board of the Department of Public Welfare Date of Original Date of Appointment Name Residence Expiration December 10, 1919 Jeffrey R. Brackett Boston . December 1, 1934 December 10, 1919 George Crompton Worcester . December 1, 1936 December 10, 1919 Mrs. Ada Eliot Sheffield .... Cambridge December 1, 1935 October 9,1929 John J. O'Connor . .... Holyoke . December 1, 1936 July 1, 1931 Harry C. Solomon, M.D Boston . December 1, 1934 December 21, 1932 Mrs. Ceeilia F. Logan .... Cohasset . December 1, 1935 Divisions of the Department of Public Welfare Boston Division of Aid and Relief : Room 30, State House Frank W. Goodhue, Director Miss Flora E. Burton, Supervisor of Social Service Mrs. Elizabeth F. Moloney, Supervisor of Mothers' Aid Edward F. Morgan, Supervisor of Settlements John B. Gallagher, Supervisor of Relief Bureau of Old Age Assistance: 15 Ashburton Place Francis Bardwell, Superintendent Division of Child Guardianship: Room 43 r State House Miss Winifred A. Keneran, Director * Division of Juvenile Training: 41 Mt. Vernon Stiee't » Charles M. Davenport, Director . _ • -„ Miss Almeda F. Cree, Superintended 'Gifts'- Fai ojte" Bfafifth C. Frederick Gilmore, Superintendent,' Boys' Paro/e BfariciT ' Subdivision of Private Incorporated Charities: Room 37, State House Miss Florence G. Dickson, Supervisor of Incorporated Charities Miss Alice M. Mclntire, Supervisor of Incorporated Charities Miss Mary C. Robinson, Supervisor of Incorporated Charities Subdivision of Town Planning : 14 Beacon Street Edward T. Hartman, Visitor to City and Town Planning Boards Institutions under the Supervision of the Department of Public Welfare State Infirmary, Tewksbury. John H. Nichols, M.D., Superintendent Massachusetts Hospital School, Canton. John E. Fish, M.D., Superintendent Lyman School for Boys, Westborough. Charles A. Keeler, Superintendent Industrial School for Boys, Shirley. George P. Campbell, Superintendent Industrial School for Girls, Lancaster. Miss Catharine M. Campbell, Superin- tendent 2 P.D. 17. Part I REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER OF PUBLIC WELFARE This year Federal Aid and the National Recovery Act brought strong re-enforce- ments in the battle against the depression. Up to 1933, Massachusetts cities and towns had carried their own burdens and had financed mounting welfare costs by greatly increased taxes. In 1932, the welfare expenditures of cities and towns amounted to $30,000,000 as against $7,500,000 in 1929. Federal Aid was first accepted in 1933, in the sum of $7,500,000. To administer Federal Aid the Governor wisely designated the Emergency Finance Board, of which Mr. Joseph W. Bartlett is Chairman. No new case work machinery was set up. City and town boards of public welfare, strengthened much in the last two decades by new responsibilities, got this one, too. The Emergency Finance Board asked the Commissioner to assist in the supervision of the new expenditures and to make recommendations in regard to boards of public welfare for increases in staff and for improvement in methods of work. Our recommendations covering fifty-four cities and towns are being enforced by the Emergency Finance Board. As we analyzed the places in which the administration was bad, we were led over and over again to the conclusion that the faults lay chiefly in the form of organization. The most satisfactory system is a separate board of public welfare, consisting of three or five unpaid citizens appointed for revolving terms. The board should have the authority to determine policies and make regulations and to select its trained agent or agents who are responsible to it. The agent should be given full power to administer the policies and regulations of the board. In some places where we found trouble the individual members of the board were making decisions for personal or political reasons on cases which arose within their districts instead of leaving to a trained executive the power to make decisions based on uniform rules. Wherever the chairman of the board was undertaking to do the work of an agent we found an unsatisfactory situation. Wherever the agent was a member of the board we found an unsatisfactory situation. In these two latter forms of organization there is a confusion of the two functions, policy making and administrative, which should be kept separate and the board is not sufficiently independent to provide the necessary check upon the actions of its agent. Where there was^ an* almo«aer, without a board, there was a tendency to bureau cracy, the executive having no group whom he rnu^t consult on matters of policy. If a single- c headed department caxinoi' be replaced: \>y: a board of public welfare, we urge the creation of an advisory *bpard each member of which shares with the executive the responsibility for adopiwn' of policies. There musl 1 )( ' an adequate staff of visitors, ideally one for every hundred eases, at any.TsCte joneffQ* »eveW •two4rundred ,<jases,; In a large office a supervisor of visitors is needed m adaitiomtp'tb^ ^$nit of; thje board. The record system is sometimes an old-fashioned book record which is cumber- some and inadequate. Instead of this we have recommended a folder and card system, modeled upon the best practices, which is now being widely used. We condemn the practice of requiring the applicant for aid to appear before the whole board. The decision as to aid should be based upon a trained visitor's investi- gation in the home, not upon the judgment of a board before whom an applicant is forced to plead for his existence. Small towns should combine to employ a trained agent just as they now combine to employ a superintendent of schools. Experiments which the Department of Health has made in Berkshire County, Middlesex County and Barnstable County with joint health services are encouraging. Five towns in Barnstable County are now considering a plan to join in the employment of a social service visitor. Social service is a profession with at least as many skills as the teaching profession. Visitors should be selected as teachers are selected without regard to the town in which they live. Every attempt should be made to find the person best qualified for the visitor's position, in these days when social service plays such a large part in the lives of people. : Pt. I. 3 Agents should be selected with as much care as is used in the selection of super- intendents of schools, from an approved list of persons professionally qualified and without regard to residence. Direct assistance from the Federal Government came first in May through the establishment of the Civilian Conservation Camps. The Commissioner was appointed by the Department of Labor as its agent to select the young men, eight- een to twenty-five years of age, for these camps. Preference was given to men from families already receiving aid. At a series of three meetings the Commissioner gave detailed instructions to 66 agents of city and town welfare boards for the selection of men of good character likely to remain in the camps and make the plan succeed. Eight thousand seven hundred fifty men were selected and sent to Camp Devens in May and June. The Commissioner employed an agent to provide recreational facilities immediately in order to help maintain the morale at Camp Devens and at the work camps. From the State Employees' Unemployment Fund $2,570 was spent to donate radios, pianos, athletic equipment, magazines and small articles for the comfort of the men and to organize recreation under leaders in all the camps. The National Recovery Act created large opportunities for reemployment. In Massachusetts the textile code was particularly effective and by September first the long lists of persons being aided by public welfare were reduced 40 to 60 per cent from April first figures in most of the industrial cities and towns. The percentage of reductions in the cities was as follows: % % % Leominster . 72 Chicopee . 44 Woburn . 30 Lawrence . 68 Attleboro . 40 Brockton . 26 Holyoke . 60 Worcester . 40 Newton . 24 North Adams . 60 Lowell . 39 Medford . 23 Gloucester . 53 Marlborough . 37 Lynn . 21 New Bedford . 53 Northampton . 36 Springfield . 21 Peabody . 52 Pittsfield . 36 Cambridge . 20 Maiden . 51 Taunton . 36 Chelsea . 20 Fall River . 50 Beverly . 33 Everett . 19 Gardner . 50 Haverhill . 32 Melrose . 18 Westfield . 50 Newburyport . 31 Revere . 16 Salem . 49 Quincy . 30 Fitchburg . 15 Somerville . 47 Waltham . 30 Boston . 4 No better evidence is needed to prove that the welfare lists can be reduced when work is offered. Under the Federal program of public works, the following building projects at state institutions in this Department were approved State Infirmary: Kitchen and Dining Room Building; New Boilers; Fire Pre- vention; Storehouse; Water Supply. Massachusetts Hospital School: Cottage for Girls; Cottage for Boys; Sewer Main. Lyman School for Boys : Extension to Kitchen and Storehouse. Industrial School for Boys: Cottage for Boys; Kitchen and Laundry Building. Because of the delay in starting these projects, the Federal Government in November put into effect with a rapidity resembling war-time speed a Civil Works program designed to give immediate employment in Massachusetts to some 130,000 persons. Chairmen of boards of public welfare were appointed local relief admin- istrators. The Commissioner was appointed Civil Works Administrator for the state departments and secured approval of the following projects for this depart- ment: State Infirmary: Repairs on building; Interior and exterior painting; Renovating and extending sewage filters; Lowering and cleaning brook.