Up-Date on Solitary Plasmacytoma and Its Main Differences with Multiple Myeloma P
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Extraosseous Plasmacytoma with an Aggressive Course Occurring Solely in the CNS
bs_bs_banner Neuropathology 2013; 33, 320–323 doi:10.1111/j.1440-1789.2012.01352.x Case Report Extraosseous plasmacytoma with an aggressive course occurring solely in the CNS William Wu, Whitney Pasch, Xiaohui Zhao and Sherif A. Rezk Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, California, USA Extraosseous (extramedullary) plasmacytoma is a rela- defined as the presence of monoclonal plasma cells in the tively indolent neoplasm that constitutes 3–5% of all CSF during the course of plasma cell myeloma.3 In addition, plasma cell neoplasms. Rare cases have been reported to few cases of extraosseous plasmacytomas involving the truly occur in the CNS and not as an extension from a nasal nasal septum or sinuses have been reported to extend into lesion. EBV expression in plasma cell neoplasms has been the CNS.4 Given that involvement of the CNS as the initial reported in very few cases that are mainly post-transplant and sole presentation of plasma cell neoplasms is exceed- or occurring in severely immunosuppressed patients. ingly rare and their association with EBV has not previously We report a case of extraosseous plasmacytoma with been well-documented,we present an unusual case of extra- an aggressive course in an HIV-positive individual that osseous plasmacytoma expressing EBV and presenting in occurred solely in the CNS, showing EBV expression by in the CNS of a 40-year-old HIV-positive man. situ hybridization, and presenting as an intraparenchymal mass as well as in the CSF. CASE REPORT Key words: aggressive, central nervous system (CNS), A 40-year-old HIV-positive Hispanic man was admitted to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), human immunodeficiency virus the Emergency Room for altered mental status, fever, (HIV), plasmacytoma. -
POEMS Syndrome and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Co-Existing in the Same Patient: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Open Access Annals of Hematology & Oncology Special Article - Hematology POEMS Syndrome and Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma Co-Existing in the Same Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature Kasi Loknath Kumar A1,2*, Mathur SC3 and Kambhampati S1,2* Abstract 1Department of Hematology and Oncology, Veterans The coexistence of B-cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia/Small Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, USA Lymphocytic Lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and Plasma Cell Dyscrasias (PCD) has 2Department of Internal Medicine, Division of rarely been reported. The patient described herein presented with a clinical Hematology and Oncology, University of Kansas Medical course resembling POEMS syndrome. The histopathological evaluation Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA of the bone marrow biopsy established the presence of an osteosclerotic 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, plasmacytoma despite the absence of monoclonal protein in the peripheral Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri, blood. Cytochemical analysis of the plasmacytoma demonstrated monotypic USA expression of lambda (λ) light chains, a typical finding associated with POEMS *Corresponding authors: Kambhampati S and Kasi syndrome. A subsequent lymph node biopsy performed to rule out Castleman’s Loknath Kumar A, Department of Internal Medicine, disease led to an incidental finding of B-CLL/SLL predominantly involving the Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of B-zone of the lymph node. The B-CLL population expressed CD19, CD20, CD23, Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, 2330 Shawnee CD5, HLA-DR, and kappa (κ) surface light chains. To the best of our knowledge, Mission Parkway, MS 5003, Suite 210, Westwood, KS, a simultaneous manifestation of CLL/SLL and POEMS has not been previously 66205, Kansas, USA, Tel: 9135886029; Fax: 9135884085; reported in the literature. -
Initial Evaluation of the Patient with Waldenstro¨ M Macroglobulinemia Can Be Challenging
Initial Evaluation of the Patient with Waldenstro¨m Macroglobulinemia Jorge J. Castillo, MD*, Steven P. Treon, MD, PhD KEYWORDS Waldenstro¨ m macroglobulinemia Bone marrow aspiration Anemia Hyperviscosity Cryoglobulinemia Peripheral neuropathy Bing-Neel syndrome Amyloidosis KEY POINTS The initial evaluation of the patient with Waldenstro¨ m macroglobulinemia can be challenging. Not only is Waldenstro¨ m macroglobulinemia a rare disease, but the clinical features of pa- tients with Waldenstro¨ m macroglobulinemia can vary greatly from patient to patient. The authors provide concise and practical recommendations for the initial evaluation of patients with Waldenstro¨ m macroglobulinemia, specifically regarding history taking, physical examination, laboratory testing, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy evaluation, and imaging studies. The authors review the most common special clinical situations seen in patients with Wal- denstro¨ m macroglobulinemia, especially anemia, hyperviscosity, cryoglobulinemia, pe- ripheral neuropathy, extramedullary disease, Bing-Neel syndrome, and amyloidosis. INTRODUCTION Given its rarity and a highly variable clinical presentation, the initial evaluation of the patient with a clinicopathologic diagnosis of Waldenstro¨ m macroglobulinemia (WM) can be challenging. The clinical manifestations of WM can be associated with infiltra- tion of the bone marrow and other organs by malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells and/ or the properties of the monoclonal IgM paraproteinemia, and include anemia, hyper- viscosity, -
Cryoglobulinemia in Sjögren Syndrome: a Disease Subset That
The Journal of Rheumatology Cryoglobulinemia in Sjögren Syndrome: A Disease Subset that Links Higher Systemic Disease Activity, Autoimmunity, and Local B Cell Proliferation in Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Luca Quartuccio, Chiara Baldini, Roberta Priori, Elena Bartoloni, Francesco Carubbi, Alessia Alunno, Saviana Gandolfo, Serena Colafrancesco, Roberto Giacomelli, Roberto Gerli, Guido Valesini, Stefano Bombardieri, Salvatore De Vita and the GRISS Group DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.161465 http://www.jrheum.org/content/early/2017/05/09/jrheum.161465 1. Sign up for TOCs and other alerts http://www.jrheum.org/alerts 2. Information on Subscriptions http://jrheum.com/faq 3. Information on permissions/orders of reprints http://jrheum.com/reprints_permissions The Journal of Rheumatology is a monthly international serial edited by Earl D. Silverman featuring research articles on clinical subjects from scientists working in rheumatology and related fields. Downloaded from www.jrheum.org on July 31, 2017 - Published by The Journal of Rheumatology Cryoglobulinemia in Sjögren Syndrome: A Disease Subset that Links Higher Systemic Disease Activity, Autoimmunity, and Local B Cell Proliferation in Mucosa-associated Lymphoid Tissue Luca Quartuccio, Chiara Baldini, Roberta Priori, Elena Bartoloni, Francesco Carubbi, Alessia Alunno, Saviana Gandolfo, Serena Colafrancesco, Roberto Giacomelli, Roberto Gerli, Guido Valesini, Stefano Bombardieri, and Salvatore De Vita, the GRISS Group ABSTRACT. Objective. To compare systemic disease activity by validated tools, i.e., the European League Against Rheumatism Sjögren Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and the Clinical ESSDAI (ClinESSDAI) scores, between primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) with positive serum cryoglobulins and pSS without serum cryoglobulins. Methods. There were 825 consecutive patients with pSS who were retrospectively evaluated. -
Understanding the Cryoglobulinemias
Current Rheumatology Reports (2019) 21:60 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-019-0859-0 VASCULITIS (L ESPINOZA, SECTION EDITOR) Understanding the Cryoglobulinemias Alejandro Fuentes1 & Claudia Mardones1 & Paula I. Burgos1 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of the Review Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins with the ability to precipitate at temperatures <37 °C. They are related to hematological disorders, infections [especially hepatitis C virus (HCV)], and autoimmune diseases. In this article, the state of the art on Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis (CV), in a helpful and schematic way, with a special focus on HCV related Mixed Cryoglobulinemia treatment are reviewed. Recent Findings Direct – acting antivirals (DAA) against HCV have emerged as an important key in HCV treatment to related Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis, and should be kept in mind as the initial treatment in non–severe manifestations. On the other hand, a recent consensus panel has published their recommendations for treatment in severe and life threatening manifestations of Mixed Cryoglobulinemias. Summary HCV-Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is the most frequent form of CV. There are new treatment options in HCV-CV with DAA, with an important number of patients achieving complete response and sustained virologic response (SVR). In cases of severe forms of CV, treatment with Rituximab and PLEX are options. The lack of data on maintenance therapy could impulse future studies in this setting. Keywords HCV . Mixed Cryoglobulinemia . Type I Cryoglobulinemia . gC1qR . Direct-acting antivirals . Rituximab Introduction and Definitions tion of the total pool of cryoprecipitable immunocomplexes in targeted vessels and due to false negative results owing to im- Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins (Ig) that precipitate in vitro proper blood sampling or inadequate laboratory processes [4]. -
Solitary Plasmacytoma: a Review of Diagnosis and Management
Current Hematologic Malignancy Reports (2019) 14:63–69 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11899-019-00499-8 MULTIPLE MYELOMA (P KAPOOR, SECTION EDITOR) Solitary Plasmacytoma: a Review of Diagnosis and Management Andrew Pham1 & Anuj Mahindra1 Published online: 20 February 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Purpose of Review Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare plasma cell dyscrasia, classified as solitary bone plasmacytoma or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. These entities are diagnosed by demonstrating infiltration of a monoclonal plasma cell population in a single bone lesion or presence of plasma cells involving a soft tissue mass, respectively. Both diseases represent a single localized process without significant plasma cell infiltration into the bone marrow or evidence of end organ damage. Clinically, it is important to classify plasmacytoma as having completely undetectable bone marrow involvement versus minimal marrow involvement. Here, we discuss the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of solitary plasmacytoma. Recent Findings There have been numerous therapeutic advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma over the last few years. While the treatment paradigm for solitary plasmacytoma has not changed significantly over the years, progress has been made with regard to diagnostic tools available that can risk stratify disease, offer prognostic value, and discern solitary plasmacytoma from quiescent or asymptomatic myeloma at the time of diagnosis. Summary Despite various studies investigating the use of systemic therapy or combined modality therapy for the treatment of plasmacytoma, radiation therapy remains the mainstay of therapy. Much of the recent advancement in the management of solitary plasmacytoma has been through the development of improved diagnostic techniques. -
Progression of a Solitary, Malignant Cutaneous Plasma-Cell Tumour to Multiple Myeloma in a Cat
Case Report Progression of a solitary, malignant cutaneous plasma-cell tumour to multiple myeloma in a cat A. Radhakrishnan1, R. E. Risbon1, R. T. Patel1, B. Ruiz2 and C. A. Clifford3 1 Mathew J. Ryan Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA 2 Antech Diagnostics, Farmingdale, NY, USA 3 Red Bank Veterinary Hospital, Red Bank, NJ, USA Abstract An 11-year-old male domestic shorthair cat was examined because of a soft-tissue mass on the left tarsus previously diagnosed as a malignant extramedullary plasmacytoma. Findings of further diagnostic tests carried out to evaluate the patient for multiple myeloma were negative. Five Keywords hyperproteinaemia, months later, the cat developed clinical evidence of multiple myeloma based on positive Bence monoclonal gammopathy, Jones proteinuria, monoclonal gammopathy and circulating atypical plasma cells. This case multiple myeloma, pancytopenia, represents an unusual presentation for this disease and documents progression of an plasmacytoma extramedullary plasmacytoma to multiple myeloma in the cat. Introduction naemia, although it also can occur with IgG or IgA Plasma-cell neoplasms are rare in companion ani- hypersecretion (Matus & Leifer, 1985; Dorfman & mals. They represent less than 1% of all tumours in Dimski, 1992). Clinical signs of hyperviscosity dogs and are even less common in cats (Weber & include coagulopathy, neurologic signs (dementia Tebeau, 1998). Diseases represented in this category and ataxia), dilated retinal vessels, retinal haemor- of neoplasia include multiple myeloma (MM), rhage or detachment, and cardiomyopathy immunoglobulin M (IgM) macroglobulinaemia (Dorfman & Dimski, 1992; Forrester et al., 1992). and solitary plasmacytoma (Vail, 2001). These con- Coagulopathy can result from the M-component ditions can result in an excess secretion of Igs interfering with the normal function of platelets or (paraproteins or M-component) which produce a clotting factors. -
Plasmacytoma in the Oral Cavity: a Case Report
Int. J. Odontostomat., 5(2):115-118, 2011. Plasmacytoma in the Oral Cavity: A Case Report Plasmocitoma en la Cavidad Oral: Reporte de Caso Tarley Pessoa de Barros*; Fabio Moschetto Sevilha*; Daniela Vieira Amantea*; Gabriel Denser Campolongo*; Laurindo Borelli Neto*; Nilton Alves**,*** & Reinaldo José de Oliveira* BARROS, T. P.; SAVILHA, F. M.; AMANTEA, D. V.; CAMPOLONGO, G. D.; NETO, L. B.; ALVES, N. & OLIVEIRA, R. J. Plasmacytoma in the oral cavity: A case report. Int. J. Odontostomat., 5(2):115-118, 2011. ABSTRACT: The plasma cell neoplasms may present in soft tissue as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), in bone as a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), or as part of the multifocal disseminated disease multiple myeloma (MM). The EMP is rare, comprising around 3% of all plasma cell neoplasm. The majority (80%) occurs in the head and neck region. In this study we report a case of a man, 70 years old, melanoderm, with a lesion of the oral cavity. Upon physical examination, a lesion was found that extended throughout the posterior upper alveolar ridge, as far as the maxillary tuber on the left side, extending towards the palate. Radiographic examination, complementary laboratory exams were performed. Based on the conclusive symptoms of plasmacytoma, the patient was referred to the hematology service for treatment with local radiotherapy. The patient responded satisfactorily to the treatment, and after 15 months, all clinical symptoms of the lesion in the oral cavity had disappeared. KEY WORDS: plasma cell neoplasms, extramedullary plasmacytoma, bone marrow, oral cavity. INTRODUCTION The plasma cell neoplasms may present in soft consisting predominantly of plasmacytes surrounded tissue as extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), in bone by a fine reticular network (Nasr Ben Ammar et al., as a solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB), or as part 2010). -
Significance of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Essential Cryoglobulin- Emia: a Case Report and Review of Literature Rama Atluri and Mian Muhammad Rizwan*
Atluri and Rizwan. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 2017, 4:151 Volume 4 | Issue 1 Clinical Medical Reviews ISSN: 2378-3656 and Case Reports Case Report: Open Access Significance of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Essential Cryoglobulin- emia: A Case Report and Review of Literature Rama Atluri and Mian Muhammad Rizwan* Division of Rheumatology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, USA *Corresponding author: Mian Muhammad Rizwan, Fellow Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, 1402 South Grand Boulevard, Doisy Hall, Room 203, St Louis, MO 63104, USA, Tel: 314-977-8832, Fax: 314-977-8818, E-mail: [email protected] monoclonal cryoglobulins. In 1990s it was established that most Abstract of these essential MC are associated with chronic hepatitis C virus Cryoglobulinemia is a rare immune-complex-mediated small vessel (HCV) infection [2,3]. We now know that MC is associated with vasculitis that has a smoldering clinical course and can potentially clinical situations that generate large amounts of IgG and immune involve multiple organ systems. The discovery of its relationship complexes, including chronic autoimmune diseases such as systemic with hepatitis C infection shows the striking association between lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome [4] or infections such as a viral infection, an autoimmune disease and lymphoproliferative HCV and HIV infections. MC not associated with those disorders disorders. It is estimated that hepatitis C negative cryoglobulinemia accounts for about 5% to 10% of cases. There have been sporadic has been defined as essential (primary) MC. The clinical features, reports of association between cryoglobulins and antiphospholipid etiologies, and treatment of MC not associated with HCV infection antibody leading to the suspicion that they participate in the have been poorly described. -
Hematologic Malignancies: … a Guide to the ILROG Guidelines
Hematologic Malignancies: … A Guide to the ILROG Guidelines John P. Plastaras, MD, PhD Associate Professor February 27, 2020 Disclosures Steering Committee of ILROG, and chair the Education Committee Co-chair of the Lymphoma Committee for the American Board of Radiology ASTRO Scientific Committee (Heme, Vice-Chair) My wife is on ASTRO Board of Directors, ACGME, RRC I am receiving support from Merck (free drug) for a clinical trial we are doing at Penn Unfortunately, no financial disclosures 2 Outline What ILROG guidelines are out there? Solitary Plasmacytoma and Multiple Myeloma Low-Grade Lymphomas Hodgkin Lymphoma Insights into “Involved Site” Radiotherapy (ISRT) Treating the Mediastinum DLBCL 3 Who is making guidelines currently? National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Children’s Oncology Group (COG) American Radium Society (ARS) adopted the Appropriateness Criteria program from the American College of Radiology (ACR) International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG) 4 ESMO Guidelines: Medical Oncology 5 ESMO Guidelines: Hematologic Diseases Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia Chronic myeloid leukaemia Newly diagnosed and relapsed mantle cell lymphoma Multiple myeloma Newly diagnosed and relapsed follicular lymphoma Extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia Peripheral T-cell lymphomas Diffuse large B cell lymphoma Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia Hairy cell leukaemia Philadelphia chromosome-negative -
Cryoglobulinemic Vasculitis in the Era of Direct-Acting Antiviral Drug
ARD Online First, published on November 14, 2016 as 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210695 Ann Rheum Dis: first published as 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210695 on 14 November 2016. Downloaded from Correspondence response Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis in the era of tolerance profile and response rates in cryoglobulinemia vascu- litis and should be the basis of therapy in these patients. direct-acting antiviral drug Whether rituximab will continue to play an important role in the treatment for HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia vasculitis, et al We thank Moiseev for their interest in our work regarding particularly in severe kidney or nervous system disease is still an sofosbuvir and ribavirin in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated open question? Gragnani et al6 have recently reported 44 con- 1 mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis (VASCUVALDIC study) and secutive patients with HCV-associated cryoglobulinemia vascu- to bring new elements for discussion. litis treated by sofosbuvir-based DAA therapy (individually et al Moiseev emphasise that treatment with immunomodula- tailored). All 44 patients were virological responders and 93% tory or immunosuppressive therapy (including rituximab) may improved clinically. Rituximab was only used in 4.5% of cases have contributed to the impressive results of the in a recent Italian study. The results from VASCUVALDIC 2 VASCUVALDIC study. We have to stress that with the advent of study (NCT02856243) will provide important information new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) drugs (ie, sofosbuvir plus riba- regarding this point. virin), up to 87.5% of patients achieved complete clinical remis- sion while only 17% of patients required the use of rituximab David Saadoun,1,2,3,4,5 Patrice Cacoub1,2,3,4,5 1 and glucocorticosteroids associated with antiviral therapy. -
I M M U N O L O G Y Core Notes
II MM MM UU NN OO LL OO GG YY CCOORREE NNOOTTEESS MEDICAL IMMUNOLOGY 544 FALL 2011 Dr. George A. Gutman SCHOOL OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE (Copyright) 2011 Regents of the University of California TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 ANTIGEN/ANTIBODY INTERACTIONS ..............................................9 CHAPTER 3 ANTIBODY STRUCTURE I..................................................................17 CHAPTER 4 ANTIBODY STRUCTURE II.................................................................23 CHAPTER 5 COMPLEMENT...................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 6 ANTIBODY GENETICS, ISOTYPES, ALLOTYPES, IDIOTYPES.....45 CHAPTER 7 CELLULAR BASIS OF ANTIBODY DIVERSITY: CLONAL SELECTION..................................................................53 CHAPTER 8 GENETIC BASIS OF ANTIBODY DIVERSITY...................................61 CHAPTER 9 IMMUNOGLOBULIN BIOSYNTHESIS ...............................................69 CHAPTER 10 BLOOD GROUPS: ABO AND Rh .........................................................77 CHAPTER 11 CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND MHC ........................................83 CHAPTER 12 CELL INTERACTIONS IN CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY ..............91 CHAPTER 13 T-CELL/B-CELL COOPERATION IN HUMORAL IMMUNITY......105 CHAPTER 14 CELL SURFACE MARKERS OF T-CELLS, B-CELLS AND MACROPHAGES...............................................................111