FALSE MEMORY SYNDROME FOUNDATION NEWSLETTER

SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2

Dear Friends, In the same issue, psychologist Susan Clancy whose new book The issue of “repressed and recovered memories” The Trauma Myth is described on page 8 writes: wends its sluggish way through our culture and legal sys- “The problem is that today, after more than twenty-five tem, most often in the direction supported by science, but years, predictions based on the trauma model have not proved not always. Some recent events demonstrate how very dif- accurate. Characteristics of the sexual abuse experience relat- ficult it is to change deeply-held cherished beliefs. ed to trauma (like how frightening it was, whether penetra- Opportunity lost. The American Psychiatric Association tion or force was involved, and how many times it happened,) do not do a good job of forecasting the level of long-term has posted a draft of the proposed Diagnostic and Statistical psychological harm experienced... Most of the scholars in the [1] Manual—V (DSM-V) and invites professionals and the sexual abuse field are coming to agree that understanding public to comment through April 20. (p. 3) A glance at the how and why sexual abuse damages victims probably has lit- section on Dissociative Identity Disorder, (originally tle to do with the actual abuse and a lot to do with what hap- Multiple Personality Disorder) shows no significant change pens in its aftermath.” has been made in spite of the now compelling evidence that Although understanding the complexity of how abuse the increase in incidence is iatrogenic. It’s disappointing but may harm individuals may be increasing, our culture’s love not surprising. The movement toward science in the area of affair with the belief that memory of childhood trauma is repressed memories will apparently continue to come from “repressed” and later recovered is still strong as evidenced the courts as it has for the past two decades, not from the in some recent legal decisions. mental health profession. Although the courts have generally been moving in the The March/April issue of The Psychotherapy direction of determining that there is a lack of a scientific Networker, available on the web,[2] has a terrific description evidence for claims of repressed memories, the of the highly political processes involved with the inclusion Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court went in another of a diagnosis is the DSM. Mary Sykes Wylie’s article “The direction. Despite an amicus curiae brief signed by one hun- Long Shadow of Trauma” is about a proposed new trauma dred scientists stating the lack of scientific support for the entry championed by Bessel van der Kolk, M.D. Called notion of repressed memories, the Court upheld the convic- “Developmental Trauma Disorder” (DTD), the entry has tion of Paul Shanley based on the recovered repressed mem- been rejected to date. Wylie quotes the chair of the DSM ories of Paul Busa. (p. 10) Even though the issue before the Trauma Subgroup, Matthew Friedman,M.D.: Court was one of science and not the guilt or innocence of “Their research was almost entirely retrospective, collect- the accused, the pervasive climate generated by the ever- ed from different places, under a variety of conditions, using growing clergy abuse scandal no doubt played a role. A feel- different kinds of measurements. They need to identify in ing for that climate can be found in the comments to an advance, not retrospectively, what the criteria should be, Australian television documentary about the Shanley case. develop the diagnostic instruments to assess them, then go into the field and rigorously apply it to see whether the crite- In this issue... ria they propose are accurate, whether they hold together Skeptic from KC ...... 3 diagnostically and constitute a diagnosis that is sufficiently Legal Corner...... 10 differentiated from others...” Barden ...... 11 We wonder if the DID diagnosis truly meets the criteria Bulletin Board ...... 15 listed by Friedman. The next newsletter will be sent in July 2010.

1955 Locust Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103-5766, 215-940-1040, Fax 215-940-1042, www.FMSFonline.org [3] The program featured Elizabeth Loftus, Ph.D., and James ago. The legal system also needs to wake up to the need for Chu, M.D., both of whom were experts in Shanley’s trial. A multi-disciplinary practice. JD-only attorneys should never, statement by Dr. Chu in this documentary was similar to his ever be permitted to litigate ‘repressed and recovered memo- testimony and exemplifies the pseudoscience that the ry’ cases without the supervision and assistance of special- Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court finds credible: ized legal experts.” That admonishment provides a key to looking at “If you’ve been repeatedly traumatized, you’re actually repressed-memory cases. For example, what psychological much more likely to block it out eventually than if it’s hap- pened once or twice. So one theory talks about repression, expertise will the defense attorneys for the members of the there is some kind of process, itself unconscious, that makes Mohler family in Missouri bring to the table? Several men things that are too overwhelming or too conflictual not then in that family have been accused of past abuse based on available to your conscious memory.” recovered memories. On page 3, a reader from Kansas City The theory flies in the face of what is known about adds more information about that case that was mentioned memory. The more frequently something happens, the more in the Winter Newsletter. likely it is to be remembered although details of incidents Recovered-memory nonsense still abounds but a new may be blended. [4] generation of “recovered-memory myth-busters” is on the In a similar misdirection, a judge in Indiana ruled that a scene to deal with it. Students of Richard McNally such as jury could hear repressed-memory testimony. This is a first Susan Clancy and of Elizabeth Loftus and members of the for Indiana and as one law professor noted, the decision will FMSF Scientific Advisory Board push the boundaries of likely force the court of appeals and the Indiana Supreme recovered-memory reason forward. (See box on this page.) Court to look at the issue.[5] But the decision is sufficiently A new generation of “myth-busting” investigative worrisome that we contacted Minnesota attorney R. C. reporters is also on the job. For example, Doug Mesner has Barden, J.D., Ph.D., to ask what he thought might be factors been attending meetings of people who claim to have been contributing to unscientific legal decisions. (p. 11) Dr. abused by satanic ritual abuse cults and he then writes about Barden is convinced that the problem lies in the fact that too the meetings and the claims on his blog. Doug has inter- often individual attorneys with no expertise in science try to viewed many retractors, listened to their stories and fol- defend cases by themselves as in the cases mentioned lowed up by investigating the therapists who helped them above. Dr. Barden notes: believe in what never happened. Most recently he has brought to the fore some of the untenable claims of Colin “The medical system ended the ineffectual, horse-and- Ross, M.D. (See http://www.process.org/) buggy, ‘one professional does it all’ practice model decades Although we wish that the recovered-memory phenom- The idea of repression ultimately hurts victims. enon would move more quickly on its way out of our cul- ture, there is no doubt that fascination with the story ele- “What therapists in the sexual abuse field refer to as ments still propels belief in the recovered-memory phenom- repression is actually simple forgetting. Most children who enon, science not withstanding. get abused don’t understand it at the time. Thus, it is not a significant experience when it happens—it’s weird, per- Pamela haps—and so they forget it, like we forget so many aspects 1. Go to: http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.aspx 2. Wylie, M.S. (2010, March/April). The long shadow of trauma. of childhood. Later on in life they may be asked by a ther- Psychotherapy Networker. Available at: http://www.psychotherapynet- apist, “Were you sexually abused as a child?” and this worker.org/magazine/currentissue question will cue a memory. When this happens it is not an 3. (2010, March 18). False memories. Catalyst, (Australia) ABC TV example of a recovered memory. It is an example of nor- Science. Retrieved on 3/19/10 from http://www.abc.net.au/catalyst/sto- mal forgetting and remembering. ries/2848614.htm. 4. There are many studies in support. For example: McNichol, S., “The idea of repression ultimately hurts victims. It rein- Shute, R. & Tucker, A (1999). Children’s eyewitness memory for a forces the notion that sexual abuse is and should be a trau- repeated event. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23(11), 1127-1139. matic experience when it happens—something done “Children who experience repeated events have increased recall for against the will of the victims. Since for most victims this repeated details but confuse the timing of details which change across events. The findings support previous suggestions that (a) it is unrealis- is not the case, they end up feeling ‘alone,’ ‘isolated’ and tic to expect children to be able to report repeated events without some ‘ashamed.’” confusion about timimg of details and (b) children are resistant to mis- Rogers, T. (2010, January 19). The Trauma Myth: The child betrayed. leading questions about abuse.” Susan Clancy discusses her controversial theory, and how an industry 5. John Doe76C vs. Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis. No 62- designed to help children may hurt them. Salon.com. Retrieved on C9-06-003962. Minn. 2nd Judicial District. Dec 8, 2009. 1/19/10 from http://www.salon.com/books/int/ 2010/01/18/trauma_myth_interview c

2 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 Public Invited to Comment on placebo.” Magazine 15(3), 44-49 4. Murgatroyd, S. (2010, February 21). Is prac- Draft of DSM-V “With the DSM-V, American psy- ticing psychiatry a disorder in need of treat- The public has until April 20, 2010 chiatry is headed in exactly the oppo- ment? Troy Media. Retrieved on February 22, site direction: defining ever widening to comment on proposed changes to 2010 from http://www.troymedia.com/?p=8409 circles of the population as mentally 5. Miller, G. & Holden, C. (2010, February the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual ill with vague and undifferentiated 12). Proposed revisions to psychiatry’s canon of Mental Disorders (DSM) that is pub- diagnoses and treating them with pow- unveiled. Science, 327, 770-771. lished by the American Psychiatric erful drugs.” c Association. This book is the arbiter of Psychiatrist and author Sally Satel, Rush to Judgment what is normal and what is not — help- M.D.[2] has similar concerns: A Skeptic in Kansas City ing practitioners, guiding the courts, (This article adds to the information about “The problem is that the changes determining insurance reimburse- the Mohler case that appeared in the don’t really advance psychiatry.” ments. The final version of the DSM is Winter FMSF 2010 Newsletter.) “[A] number of changes proposed expected to be released in 2013. If you “[For law enforcement officers] the level for the DSM-V are likely to inadver- wish to submit comments, go to of proof necessary for taking action on tently place large swaths of normal http://www.dsm5.org/Pages/Default.as allegations of criminal acts must be more human variation under the umbrella of px than simply the victim alleged it and it is pathology.” For FMSF Newsletter readers the possible…. We need to be concerned proposed changes will likely seem dis- Ohio neuropsychiatrist John about the distribution and publication of appointing. Any hope that scientific Sorboro, M.D.[3] writes: unsubstantiated allegations of bizarre sexual abuse.”- Kenneth Lanning, FBI clarity would shine in the sections of “The DSM-V will officially sanction the manual that previously provided suffering and dysfunction like never Dressed in orange jumpsuits and support for believe in repression and before…” shackled at their wrists, ankles, and recovery of memories must be aban- Stephen Murgatroud, M.D.,[4] waists, six members of the Mohler doned. Disappointment in the proposed reminds us that the DSM is not a “sci- family shuffle past local television manual extends far beyond FMSF con- entific” document and that the classifi- news cameras and into a courtroom. cerns. In addition to a lack of any con- cations are fluid. Tethered together, they resemble fish ceptual change that might have moved on a stringer with the proud authorities the field forward, critics have “The DSM itself is problematic. displaying their catch. On-the-spot Diagnoses like “homosexuality,” once expressed concern that the changes classified as an illness, come and go reporters read the charges against instead will only increase the number depending on societal pressures. By them, “Forcible rape of a child; of people who may be classified men- no stretch of the imagination is it a sci- Deviate sexual assault; Use of a child tally ill. Edward Shorter,[1] Professor of entific, evidence-based document.” in a sexual performance.” Newspaper the History of Medicine and Psychiatry accounts are perhaps even more harsh: at the University of Toronto writes: Allen Frances, M.D., who headed the men’s booking photos are posted the DSM-IV and others “question the “The latest draft of the DSM fixes beneath headlines such as “Incest entire DSM-V enterprise, arguing that Allegations Shatter Public image of none of the problems with the previ- a major revision should have been put ous DSM series, and even creates Church-Going Clan,”[1] or “Child- off until there are more hard data on some new ones.” Raping Missouri Family May Have biological causes of mental disor- Bodies in Yard.” [2] Posted on the inter- “To flip through the latest draft of ders.”[5] the American Psychiatric net beneath these stories are reader We suspect that many FMSF read- comments reminiscent of 1692: judg- Association’s Diagnostic and ers will have strong opinions and that Statistical Manual, in the works for ments of guilt and cries for harsh pun- they will share them with the editors. seven years now, is to see the disci- ishment along with suspicions cast pline’s floundering writ large. 1. Shorter, E. (2010, February 27, 2010). Why upon any who question the charges Psychiatry seems to have lost its way psychiatry needs therapy. Wall Street Journal. dominate the boards. in a forest of poorly verified diagnoses Retrieved on 3/1/10 from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB100014240527 The men are 76-year-old Burrell and ineffectual medications. Patients 48704188104575083700227601116.html Mohler Sr., his four sons, Burrell “Ed” who seek psychiatric help today for 2. Satel, S. (2010, February 19). Prescriptions Jr., David, Jared, and Roland, and mood disorders stand a good chance for psychiatric trouble. Wall Street Journal, Burrell Sr.’s 72-year-old brother, of being diagnosed with a disease that W13. doesn’t exist and treated with a med- 3. Sorboro, J. (2010). Prognosis negative: Darryl Mohler. The arrests were made ication little more effective than a Psychiatry and the foibles of the Diagnostic in November 2009, by Lafayette and Statistical Manual V (DSM-V). Skeptic

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 3 County, Missouri authorities based on again spoke with the detective, this about it, as you investigate it, more accusations of ritualistic crimes against time alleging that she recalled her comes out.” [7] Ed Mohler’s (now adult) children from grandfather keeping a female child in Alumbaugh also defended the 1988 to 1995. The charges against the his basement crawlspace. The siblings large amounts of county resources men involve numerous alleged child also told authorities that as they were used to investigate the case, insisting rapes, sodomy, and bestiality. They are being abused, the men told them to the expenditures are important for pro- also publicaly accused of kidnapping, write down what was happening to tecting children: “You can read the murders, producing child pornography, them. These notes were placed in probable cause statements as we leave breeding then slaughtering babies, mason jars then buried. The siblings and understand that this is money well performing forced abortions on say their abusers told them that if they spent of the tax payer’s dollars to bring minors, and holding an unwilling sex- buried these notes, their memories these people to justice...They’ve had a slave for years in the family basement would also become buried. [4] [5] threat to cut investigators…So, I mean, (but there have been no charges filed A fourth sibling (E.B.) told police these are things that are really impact- for those allegations). that he had once unearthed some of ing our budgets and are very worth- “A hallucination is a fact, not an error; those jars as a child, but reburied them while to do because of the children.”[7] what is erroneous is a judgment based at the request of his sisters.[4] Based on Possibly most important, were the upon it.” – Bertrand Russell these statements, a search warrant was personal motivations Sheriff issued for the farm previously owned The case against the Mohler men Alumbaugh expressed: by Burrell Mohler Sr. to search for first came to Lafayette County author- bodies, other evidence of murder, “You personally attach it to your- ities in August 2009, when Ed self. You have children at home. You items from the crawlspace, and the Mohler’s 26 year old daughter T.A. think about your children, you think mason jars.[6] contacted a western Missouri detec- about children that you know. Our On November 10, 2009, as author- tive. According to the probable cause biggest concern right now are those ities swarmed the Bate City farmhouse statements: T.A. had “suppressed victims and those children that are out with backhoes and shovels, detectives many of the memories” until recently. there that are potential victims. So, from Lafayette and various other coun- each one of us takes this very person- She “identified 8 specific memories of ties were dispatched to arrest Burrell ally.”[7] abuse and a 9th that was perpetrated on Sr. and his sons. her brother... She has many memories “All wrong-doing is done in the sincere of abuse,” but some occurred in other “A lie gets halfway around the world belief that it is the best thing to do” Ð Arnold Bennet jurisdictions. “She became pregnant before the truth has a chance to get its and was made to have an abortion at pants on.”Ð Winston Churchill Could Sheriff Alumbaugh have age 11. She doesn’t remember any sex- As the arrests were made public, been influenced by the rape of a 5- ual abuse after that date.”[3] lead investigator Sheriff Kerrick year-old girl in a 2006 case he was Even if the word “suppressed” had Alumbaugh held a press conference. involved with which happened because not been used, the pointed use of the The stated purpose for the conference the man’s arrest for another crime had word “memories” in the report is was to urge other possible victims to been delayed? By aggressively pursu- indicative of repressed memory accu- come forward. Specifically, investiga- ing the Mohler men, could he begin to sations. Generally when people report tors wished to locate the girl said to repair his part in that child’s tragedy? past events they do not do so under the have been held captive in the basement In that 2006 case, the nude, bat- context of “identifying memories”. crawlspace. tered body of 41-year-old Marsha After those initial accusations in There were, however, other Spicer was found in a shallow grave in August, authorities made contact with, remarks of interest made during that Lafayette County. Lorie Dunfield, a and began to question the other five press conference. One comment in par- friend of Spicer’s, reported to authori- siblings. On October 7th, three of the ticular gives further reason to suspect ties that she believed Spicer may have siblings T.A., A.J., and E.M. provided that all of the accusers are engaged in been involved with a man named authorities with a 36-page collabora- the recovering of repressed memories: Richard Davis. Dunfield reported that Richard Davis had recently asked her tive report detailing several murders Q: “How does the time factor com- to assist him in videotaping the torture they witnessed spanning two Missouri plicate the case?” counties. They were able to lead and murder of other women during authorities to an approximate spot they A: “Time factor always complicates three-way sex. “He wanted me to help a case. But when memories of this say they helped to bury one of the mur- him kill women and get rid of the bod- come out with the victims, as you talk der victims. On October 29th, T.A. ies.” Dunfield said.[8] Lorie Dunfield

4 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 managed to get away from Davis, but None-the-less, Alumbaugh arrest- witnessing mutilations, as well as sex- believed that her friend, Marsh Spicer, ed the six Mohler men with only accu- ual acts and murders being filmed or may have later hooked up with him. sations from the alleged victims. These photographed. In several of these Sheriff Alumbaugh and his deputies men had no parole violations, no drugs cases, women claim to have had babies were called to interview Richard Davis on their nightstands, and no past con- that were turned over for human sacri- and his girlfriend Dena Riley in regard victions for violent rapes. In fact they fice. Such accusations are most com- to the Spicer homicide. had no criminal histories at all. There mon in rural or suburban communities Richard Davis was already being were no bodies recently discovered in with high concentrations of religiously sought by his parole officer after serv- shallow graves, neither were the men conservative people. According to ing 16 years for raping and sodomizing holed up in shabby apartments with Behavioral Science Unit Supervisory a woman at knife point. His parole meth-addicted girlfriends. The Mohler Agent Kenneth Lanning: officer had been unable to contact him men were arrested while at home with “In none of the multidimensional for a drug screening. Upon arriving at their wives or working for their long- child sex ring cases of which I am Davis’s apartment, investigators noted time employers, to be charged with aware have bodies of the murder vic- a video camera trained on the bed, an crimes allegedly occurring decades tims been found - in spite of major open journal with notations about ago. excavations where the abuse victims choking and sex, and marijuana on a Newly appointed prosecutor, claim the bodies were located. Not table. During that initial interview, Kellie Ritchie filed the charges. It was only are no bodies found, but also, Davis’s girlfriend Dena Riley admitted while working as assistant DA in more importantly, there is no physical that Davis was into violent sex. Buchanan County that Ritchie began evidence that a murder took place. Many of those not in law enforcement Rather than detain Davis, Sheriff concentrating on sexual-assault cases. do not understand that, while it is pos- Alumbaugh told Richard Davis and Four years out of law school, Ritchie sible to get rid of a body, it is even Dena Riley to leave the premises while was ready for greater responsibility at more difficult to get rid of the physical he applied for a search warrant. the same time that her boss wished to evidence that a murder took place.” – Alumbaugh and his deputies returned have one prosecutor handle all sexual- Kenneth Lanning, FBI [12] hours later. The investigators viewed abuse cases.[9] Ritchie readily accepted In 1994, the US Government fund- the tape currently in the VCR next to that challenge and helped to open a ed a study by The National Center on Davis’ bed. It was a “snuff video” of children’s advocacy center. Since her Child Abuse and Neglect. Researchers the rape, beating, and strangulation of February, 2009 appointment to the found more than 12,000 accusations of Marsha Spicer. It appeared that the Lafayette County office, Ritchie has group cult sexual abuse, but none were couple may have been watching the continued her dedication to assisting able to be substantiated. The principle video just prior to the Sheriff and victims of rape, raising awareness investigator in that study, Dr. Gail deputies’ arrival. Regrettably, since through a county Denim Day, [10] and Goodman, commented: Alumbaugh had not detained Davis promising the vigorous prosecution of and Riley, they had fled the city. It was any in possession of child pornogra- “While you would not expect to find eight days before a nationwide man- phy. [11] It seems more probable that corroborating evidence in many sexu- hunt managed to locate the couple for this focus could have clouded the pros- al abuse cases, you would expect it when people claim the rituals involved arrest. During this time, Richard ecutor’s judgment in filing charges murders, and the reported cases come Davis kidnapped and raped a 5 year based on dubious repressed memory from district attorneys or police...If old girl. The child’s injuries were so accusations? there is anyone out there with solid severe that she had to be airlifted to a “An error does not become truth by rea- evidence… we would like to know hospital. son of multiplied propagation” Ð about it.” [13] [14] Police Chief Fred Mills defended Mahatma Gandhi Large scale government funded Alumbaugh’s decision, “You can spin The Behavioral Science Unit of investigations were also conducted in the facts any way you want. But we the FIB has assisted in investigations the states of Michigan, Utah, and had no probable cause to arrest them. of hundreds of cases in which adults Virginia with the same empty-handed What you need for an arrest warrant is begin to report that they were victims results. a lot more than you need for a search of extreme abuses as children. If Lafayette County officials were warrant.” Alumbaugh said, “We just Allegations involve multiple victims familiar with any of these reports, they didn’t have enough (evidence). We and multiple offenders and often should not have been surprised to find weren’t ready to do hard questioning include insertion of foreign objects, only one broken jar (no note), a bone on them.” fragment (unknown type), some bro-

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 5 ken eyeglasses, half a credit card, and a show, however, that Mark Young did davit, Mrs. Mohler explained to shoe sole in their excavation of the not file for custody of his son until Jackson County Detective Cathy Bates City farm.[15] 2002.[19] His ex-wife had already Covey that she and her husband had divorced Ed Mohler nearly a year arranged for separate bedrooms “after “It ain’t what you don’t know that gets [20] you into trouble. It’s what you know for prior, in the Spring of 2001. she had discovered he was viewing sure that just ain’t so.” Ð Mark Twain The siblings’ mother, Jeanette magazines and videos depicting per- Mohler, told investigators that she sons involved in sexual activity.”[21] The Sheriff’s press conference knew about, or suspected the abuse at (This statement has been consistently proved more fruitful than the farm the time it was happening. “At the misquoted in the press.) Mrs. Mohler excavation. The following day, a time, complaints by the mother were reported that although they had begun woman came forward claiming to have taken to the head of the church rather to sleep separately, both had full access been held in the basement’s crawlspace than law enforcement.”[21] Bishop to all areas of the residence. She indi- for several years as a child. “She Tonga, now retired, recalls Jeanette’s cated that her husband commonly used recalls becoming pregnant twice while complaints to him. Tonga says he inter- the computer in her room because he in captivity. Burrell Sr. and Ed Burrell, viewed both Ed and the siblings and had never set-up internet access for the Jr. put the first infant in a box and they all denied the mother’s accusa- computer in his basement bedroom. buried it in the dirt floor under the win- tions. No further action was taken by Mrs. Mohler also “had full permis- dow. Days later, the floor was covered the mother or by Mr. Tonga. Only Ed, sion to enter his sleeping area down- in concrete.”[16] Ground penetrating Jeanette, and their children were mem- stairs”.[22] She stated that on two occa- radar was used to locate a “box-like” bers of Mr. Tonga’s congregation. No sions she had looked in hidden areas of area under the concrete and a new complaints were taken to any member her husband’s bedroom to find his search warrant issued. Detectives of the other men’s churches. pornography. She told Detective returned to the farmhouse, broke open The statements made by Jeanette Covey that she had taken away the the concrete floor, but found only dirt. Mohler are puzzling. Just as the origi- magazines she found most objection- Samples of the dirt were removed for nal accusations have expanded to able and locked them in her file cabi- analysis.[17] Announcements of base- include bestiality, kidnappings, and net. Mrs. Mohler voluntarily supplied ment sex-slave and her murdered murders, they have also expanded in the investigators with the key to that infant made for more sensational head- time, now encompassing twelve years, filing cabinet. The magazines she had lines, although no charges were ever from 1983 to 1995. Jeanette remained locked away included five digest style filed in regard to her. Three weeks married to Ed throughout this time, not magazines which showed photos of later, Sheriff Alumbaugh said that the filing for divorce until 1997. During adult models, engaged in sexual activi- woman “is no longer part of this inves- their divorce, both Ed and Jeanette ty, with narratives depicting incestuous tigation.”[18] This proclamation has not continued to attend the Independence relationships.[22] “Incest is, in fact, sex- been widely reported. Missouri Mormon Church. It is more ual relations between individuals of In addition to the basement cap- probable that it was during this period any age too closely related to marry. It tive, a local man whose ex-wife, that the mother began leveling these need not necessarily involve an adult Pamela, had once been married to Ed complaints against her husband to her and a child.”[12] Those five magazines Mohler came forward following the church and possibly to her six children. are the most widely reported finding to press conference. Mark Young and imply the guilt of all six men, although Pamela Young divorced in 1993 with “There are people so prone to exaggera- none of them involve children or even Pamela gaining custody of their son. tion that they can’t tell the truth without models who appear to be children. The Pamela then married Ed Mohler in lying”. - Josh Billings primary stash of pornography, later 1999. Mr. Young was interviewed on Defendant Burrell Mohler Sr. has found in Burrell Sr.’s sleeping quarters, several television news programs, as been the most maligned in the media consisted of at least 65 more maga- well as with print media, claiming that due to the finding of “incest pornogra- zines, movies, and books Ð none of Ed’s ex-wife (mother of the accusers), phy” at his home. On the day of his which were incest related.[23] In fact, Jeanette Mohler (Cyr) had come to him arrest, his wife, Sandra Mohler, volun- many of these were specifically about in January 2000 alleging that Ed was tarily allowed investigators into all and for senior citizens. One DVD has abusing Mark and Pamela’s son. Mr. common areas of the house. (Some the words “Grandma and Grandpa” in Young says that he then filed com- areas were excluded as they are private the title and has been falsely reported plaints and won custody of the boy in quarters for an unrelated boarder). as “incest porn” when in fact it is an emergency hearing. Public records According to the investigator’s affi- about sexuality between aging part-

6 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 ners. comes up with a concocted statistic — memory practitioner, Neomi Mattis, Many observers have noted that such as “more than half of all women describes the abuse she’s helped her the search inventories included many are victims of childhood sexual trau- patients to uncover: ma” — the numbers are traded like unmarked or hand labeled videos. It is ”In addition to all combinations of been speculated that those tapes may baseball cards, reprinted in every book and eventually enshrined as fact. sexual intercourse genital, anal, and contain child pornography but the Thus the cycle of misinformation, oral between child and adult or child information has not been released to faulty statistics and invalidated asser- and child (forced), victims are pene- the public. In fact, some articles on the tions maintains itself....”-Tavris, C. trated genitally or rectally with all case have falsely reported that illegal (1993, January 3). Beware the incest kinds of objects, and are forced to sub- pornography was seized. Possession of machine. New York Times Book mit to sexual activity with animals.” child porn in the state of Missouri car- Review, 1. “They are forced to participate in all ries a maximum 10-year sentence. of the crimes, including sacrifice of Lynn Finney is known for her pro- animals; the torture and sometimes None of the men have been charged motion of self-hypnosis to recover murder of babies, including in some with this or any other offense resulting memories of abuse, and for her belief cases the infants of young girls from the searches. Despite the wide that fully one-third of all women have required to bear children specifically assortment of accusations, the men are been victims. In fact, Finney’s one- for sacrifice; the torture and some- charged only with the crimes in which third statistic leads BYU Counseling times murder of adults; and the sys- no physical evidence would necessari- Center’s website page for students tematic disposal of bodies.” ly be expected. [25] seeking therapy. One of Finney’s Mattis explains why evidence of “They were distinguished for ignorance former patients, Martha Beck, these crimes is never found, despite in- for they had just one idea and that was authored the 2005 book Leaving the depth investigations: wrong.” - Benjamin Disraeli Saints. Beck is a Provo native, a thera- When asked where the accusing pist, and past professor of Sociology at “Cultists include professionals, such Mohler siblings reside, Sheriff BYU. It was while teaching at BYU, as morticians and butchers, who are Alumbaugh states that they are “from that Beck recovered memories of ritual skilled at disposing of evidence.” all over right now.”[7] While this is abuse. In her book, Beck brags of her She goes on to explain why many true, the primary accuser resides in the cruel confrontation with her 90 year of the reports are verifiably false, old ailing father, “I grin, but my father college town of Provo, Utah and two “The victims are programmed to other siblings show previous addresses is not amused. He looks longingly dissociate, so that they do not recog- in Provo. Provo, Utah is home to the toward the hotel room door, apparently nize or remember parts of their own Brigham Young University run by the realizing I’m not about to let him experience or personality. They are Morman Church. For a city of only 42 leave.” [26] All seven of Beck’s siblings trained to deny accusations, tell con- square miles, it has seen more than its have expressed outrage and con- flicting stories and retract their own share of repressed memory scandals.[24] demned these allegations. [27] reports”. The student Counseling Center at Beverly Engel espouses, “If you As for the seemingly normal, often BYU offers therapy to students for still have a hard time believing a sur- charitable, outward lives of the abuse issues. The Center’s website vivor…look at your own history for accused in these child-rapes, murders, asserts, “Some individuals have little signs that you yourself may have been and torture, Mattis offers this, “[The or no memory of being sexually abused abused and are in denial.” Engel gives Perpetrators are also] dissociative and and its impact upon them until adult- a list of symptoms to assist the reader thus unaware of their other cult- hood.” [25] The Center also recom- in determining if they have been involved selves.” * By this logic, any mends books by repressed-memory abused and are in denial. Those symp- one of us could be not only victims, but therapists, Lynn Finney, Beverly toms include: feeling ugly; a tendency also perpetrators of these crimes and Engel, and Noemi Mattis, as suggested to apologize; feeling helpless; or prob- never know it. reading. In 1993, psychologist Carol lems in relationships.[28] Just eight miles outside of Provo, Tavris commented on books such as Also recommended by the BYU the infamous “Greenbaum” [31] lectur- these: Counseling Center is the 1993 publica- tion Confronting Abuse. [25][29] Com- *This study found that in cases of alleged “The authors of these books all rely piled by three Brigham Young abuse with no claims of repression or amne- on the one another’s work as support- sia by the accusers, only 22% of accused ing evidence for their work; they all University professors, Confronting passed polygraphs. In cases where accusers endorse and recommend one another’s Abuse is a collection of essays on ritu- claimed a period of amnesia, 91% of accused books to their readers. If one of them al and sexual abuse. In it, repressed- passed polygraphs. [30]

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 7 er, Corydon Hammond operates a ther- Mohler Affidavit. Lafayette Co., MO Crown Publishing. apy office. In 2004, Hammond, along 5. Reported by Sgt. Collin Stosberg , Missouri 27. Petersen, B.J. (2005). Response to Leaving Highway Patrol. the Saints. Farms Review, 17(2), 217-251. with Bennett Braun and Roberta Sachs 6. Bates City Farm Search Warrant 28. Engel, B. (1989). The Right to Innocence. of Chicago, settled a malpractice law- Authorization 11/9/09; Judge Frerking Ivy Books. suit against them by retracting 7. Alumbaugh, Sheriff. (2009, November 11). 29. Horton, A.L., Harrison, A.L., Harrison, repressed-memory patient Elizabeth Press Conference. B.K. & Johnson, B.L. (1993). Confronting Gale. In the $7.5 million settlement, http://www.kmbc.com/video/21586514/index.h Abuse. Deseret Book Co. tml 30. Abrams, S. & Abrams, J. (1995). False Hammond’s portion was $175,000. 8. Krajicek, D. (2005). Serial Killers: Partners memory syndrome vs. total repression. Two things are infinite: the universe and in Crime: Ricky and Dena. Journal of Psychiatry and Law, 23, 283-294. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_kille 31. Hammond, C. (1992, June 25). human stupidity; and I’m not sure about rs/partners/richard_dean_davis/1_index.html “Greenbaum Speech “ originally known as the universe.” Ð attributed to Albert 9. Cooper, R. (2009, November 29). Former “Hypnosis and MPD: Ritual Abuse” Presented Einstein local attorney involved in huge case. St. at the Fourth Annual Eastern Regional It seems to be the perfect storm: A Joseph News Press. Conference on Abuse and Multiple 10. Parmon, J. (2009, April 29). Rally shows Personality. Washington DC. divorce with bitter custodial parent; support for victims of rape. The Lexington the repressed-memory pied pipers of News. c Provo; a lead investigator with an 11. Ritchie, K.W. (2010, January 25). First New Books: The Good and . . . Year Report. agenda; a newly appointed prosecutor The Trauma Myth: who has specialized in sexual abuse 12. Lanning, K. (1992). Investigators guide to allegations of ritual child abuse. Behavioral The Truth About the Sexual Abuse of cases; and regular sensationalist misin- Science Unit & National Center for the Children and Its Aftermath formation distributed in the media. Analysis of Violent Crime. Susan A. Clancy Having made the allegations so public 13. Goleman, D. (1994, October 31). Proof 2010 Basic Books and over-extending county monies on Lacking for Ritual Abuse. New York Times. 14. Goodman, G. et al. (1994). Characteristics The Trauma Myth is sure to anger the investigation, the likelihood that & sources of allegations of ritual child abuse. many readers because it challenges a the charges will be dropped due to the Clearing House on Child Abuse & Neglect treasured belief of our society: child lack of evidence is greatly lessened. Information. sexual abuse is necessarily traumatic. An entire generation has come up 15. Burns, Det. Ray. (2009, November 10). Psychologist Susan Clancy states at since the hysteria of the 1980’s and Return and Inventory. Lafayette Co., MO. 16. Schroer, Det. C. (2009, November 12). the beginning of The Trauma Myth that early 1990’s. We saw then how easily Affidavit. 11/12/09 Det. C Schroer; Lafayette child sexual abuse is prevalent and that the hysteria spreads from one sibling Co., MO it is clearly damaging to victims; there to the next, to investigators, prosecu- 17. Burns, Det. Ray (2009, November 13). is no argument there. She argues, how- tors, child services, the media, and to Return and Inventory. Lafayette Co., MO 18. Kelleher, M. (2009, December 2). Jared ever, on the basis of compelling empir- the public. Each points to the other as Mohler Returns to Court. Fox 4. ical evidence, that the causes of the evidence that their beliefs are reason- 19. Pamela Young-Robinson-Mohler v Mark problems may be highly complex able. At that time, it was daytime talk Young MO Case #7CV193002524 (1993- rather than a consequence of “trauma.” shows like Sally Jesse Raphael or Phil 2006). The author notes that for decades Donahue that disseminated these 20. Burrell Edward Mohler v Pamela Robinson-Mohler MO Case #01FC204320 the cultural and therapeutic assump- shocking tales to gullible audiences. (2001). tion has been that all child sexual Today, the internet has taken the place 21. Lederle, Officer M. (2009, November 10). abuse is traumatic for the victims. As a of those talk shows and it seems that Affidavit. Boone Co., MO. result of ten years of interviewing audiences are just as gullible. 22. Wilson, Sgt. Arnold (2009, November 10). Affidavit/ Inventory. Jackson Co., MO. more than two hundred people about 1. Bradley, D. (2009, November 23). Incest 23. Cole, Det. & P. Kelley (2009, November their past sexual abuse and of analyz- allegations shatter public image of church- 20). Return and Inventory. Jackson Co., MO. ing the research literature, Clancy going clan. Kansas City Star. Retrieved on 24. Wakefield, H. & Underwager, R. (1992). 3/7/10 from Uncovering memories of alleged sexual abuse: found that for most children sexual http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2009/11/23/7936 The therapists who do it. IPT Journal, Vol. 4. abuse may be uncomfortable and con- 3/incest-allegations-shatter-public.html “Following the single article in the Provo fusing, but it is not necessarily terrify- 2. Martinez, E. (2009, November 12). Child- weekly paper (about the FMS Foundation), in ing (traumatic). As adults, many of raping Missouri family may have bodies in three days, over 150 families in this single these people often redefine the experi- yard. CBS News. Retrieved on 3/7/10 from geographical area called to report their expe- ://www.cbsnews.com/8301-504083_162- rience.” ence and then feel shame and guilt 5628711-504083.html. 25. Brigham Young University Career and because they believe that at the time 3. Schroer, Det. C. (2009, November 3). Counseling Center: http://ccc.byu.edu/child- they must have consented to the abuse Mohler Probable Cause. Lafayette Co., MO hood-abuse since it happened yet was not traumat- 4. Schroer, Det C. (2009, November 9). 26. Beck, M. (2005). Leaving the Saints.

8 FMS Foundation Newsletter July/August 1997 Vol. 6 No. 7 ic for them. The trauma model of sex- model for sexual abuse and the politics rate fantasies by his patients. ual abuse not only does not help these that have embedded in into our culture. Although books promoting age people, it makes matters worse for She shows how the model both harms regression seem to appear on a regular them. and silences most victims of abuse and basis, Tramont rises above the crowd In a very readable style, Clancy especially how it ignores what science with his chapter on “Future-Life describes the history of the trauma has shown. She argues that victims of Progression” The author believes that child abuse will be better served if his patients can also see the future. He Excerpt from an Interview therapists pay attention to what the lists some of their predictions—predic- with Susan Clancy research shows and move beyond the tions for more than 50 to thousands of Question: Your previous book trauma model for treatment. years in the future. Predictions can be [Abducted] was a takedown of recov- The Trauma Myth should be of verified. Fortunes could be made if his ered memory. [The Trauma Myth] interest to all and especially to those patients made accurate predictions. also takes a very negative view of who have a personal or professional Unfortunately, nothing is presented recovered memory. Why are you so interest in child sexual abuse. that could be tested anytime in the rea- opposed to the idea of recovered Loftus, E. & Frenda, S.J. (2010, March 12). sonable future. memory? Bad theories can harm victims. Science Vol. It is challenging to consider why Clancy: Because it doesn’t exist. 327, 1329-1330. the myth of age regression holds such There is not one single research study Zuger, A. (2010, January 26). Abusing not appeal, especially given the potential only children, but also science. New York showing that people exposed to horri- Times. Retrieved on 3/5/10 from for devastating harm that can result as fying, overwhelming, painful events http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/health/26 it did with the recovered memory “repress them” and recover them later zuger.html movement. on….What therapists in the sexual *** 1. Retrieved on 3/22/10 from http://www.gran- abuse field refer to as repression is From Birth to Rebirth: Gnostic itepublishing.us/dox/B2R/B2R.info.html. Healing for the 21st Century actually simple forgetting. Most chil- Sadly, stories of ritual abuse live dren who get abused don’t under- C.V. Tramont 2009 Swan-Raven & Co. on despite the fact that neither the FBI stand it at the time. Thus, it is not a nor the police have ever been able to significant experience when it hap- A description[1] of From Birth to uncover physical evidence of such. pens—it’s weird, perhaps—and so Rebirth on the publisher’s website says Ritual Abuse: Excerpt From they forget it, like we forget so many that the book:: Wisconsin Coalition Against Sexual aspects of childhood. Later on in life “is the heart-warming true story of a Assault Website they may be asked by a therapist, dedicated obstetrician whose interest http://www.wcasa.org/info/factsheets/ritual.htm “Were you sexually abused as a in hypnosis develops into a passion “Ritual/satanic/sadistic abuse sur- child?” and this question will cue a for using past-life regression as an vivors have often been disbelieved due memory. When this happens it is not exciting healing modality. After mak- to the extreme and bizarre nature of an example of a recovered memory. It ing his way through the rigors of med- these types of abuse, and the secrecy is an example of normal forgetting ical training and the trenches of daily that surrounds it. However, it is impor- and remembering. practice, Dr. Tramont now finds him- tant to remember that ritual/sa- The idea of repression ultimately self evolving into a pragmatic tanic/sadistic abuse does happen. The Gnostic.” hurts victims. It reinforces the notion more our society denies its existence, The description is accurate but that sexual abuse is and should be a the greater the vulnerability of potential does not begin to capture the degree to traumatic experience when it hap- victims. Although there are still few which the author believes the stories pens—something done against the studies that document ritual/ that his patients weave. There is no will of the victims. Since for most satanic/sadistic abuse, more survivors dispute that research has shown that are speaking out, and service providers victims this is not the case, they end hypnosis can be beneficial in some are documenting the number of clients up feeling “alone,” “isolated” and medical situations. There is absolutely with such histories. Assessment of the “ashamed.” no empirical evidence, however, that prevalence rates of this type of abuse is Rogers, T. (2010, January 19). The Trauma age regression enables a person to further complicated by difficulty in Myth: The child betrayed. Susan Clancy dis- access the past or to think like a child. tracking the groups who commit this cusses her controversial theory, and how an type of abuse. Also, due to the severity Tramont seems unaware that in his use industry designed to help children may hurt of the abuse, many survivors repress them. Salon.com. Retrieved on 1/19/10 from of hypnosis and past life regressions, the memories for many years-or may http://www.salon.com/books/int/ he is facilitating the creation of elabo- 2010/01/18/trauma_myth_interview never remember. ..”

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 9 where testimony based on the repressed or recovered memo- ry of a victim, standing alone, would not be sufficient as a matter of law to support a conviction.'” Attorney Shaw has filed a Petition for Rehearing point- Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Upholds the ing out, among other issues, that the Court offered no analy- sis of all the materials presented in the appeal, none of Conviction of Paul Shanley[1] Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Paul Shanley, which were available to the trial court. Supreme Judicial Court, Middlesex County, No. SJC-10382 1. The slip opinion can be found at: http://www.socialaw.com/slip.htm?cid=19624&sid=120. On January 15, 2010, the Massachusetts Supreme 2. See FMSF Newsletter, 18 (2) for background. Another issue raised Judicial Court issued a decision that affirmed the 2005 was ineffective counsel. Shanley’s trial lawyer Frank Mondano was also guilty judgment of defrocked Roman Catholic priest Paul the lawyer who represented grandparents Shirley and Ray Souza. Shanley for sexually abusing Boston fireman Paul Busa 3. Barden, R. C. (2009, August). Brief of Amicus Curiae of the International Committee of Social, Psychiatric, Psychological, when he was a young child. The evidence presented in the Cognitive Science, Neuroscience, and Neurological Scientists submitted trial were Busa’s recovered repressed-memories. During the in Commonwealth of Massachusetts v. Paul R. Shanley, No. SJC- trial, prosecutor Martha Coakley told the jury that they 10382,Supreme Judicial Court, Middlesex Ct. Massachusetts. should believe Busa because he suffered “dissociative 4. Ellement, J.R. & Saltzman, J. (2010, January 15). Defrocked priest Shanley is a victim of "injustice,'' his attorney says. Boston Globe. amnesia” caused by the emotional trauma. Retrieved on 1/17/10 from http://www.boston.com/news/local/break- After the trial decision, Cambridge appellate attorney ing_news/2010/01/sjc_rules_in_sh.html. Robert F. Shaw, Jr., petitioned the Supreme Judicial Court to c consider Shanley's appeal for a new trial. Among the issues raised by Shaw was the argument that in the trial, prosecu- Indiana Judge Rules that Jurors May Hear [1] tors failed to demonstrate that “repressed-memory” evi- Repressed-Memory Testimony dence is admissible and that Shanley’s trial lawyer inade- John Doe RG vs Archdiocese of Indianapolis quately challenged “repressed-memory” evidence.[2] In January, Marion Superior Court Judge David Dryer In support of the Shanley appeal, one hundred scientists ruled that the jury in a clergy sex-abuse trial could hear signed an amicus brief [3] that stated repressed-memory testimony. This may be the first time that "'Repressed-recovered memories', 'dissociative amnesia' an Indiana jury has been allowed to hear evidence about and related concepts are best described as pernicious psychi- repressed-memory, although previously judges have heard atric folklore devoid of convincing scientific evidence. Such repressed-memory testimony in statute of limitations cases. theories are quite incapable of reliably assisting the legal The facts of the case were not contested. There are 13 process. In our collective opinion, these unsupported, contro- lawsuits filed against former priest Harry Monore who has versial notions have caused incalculable harm to the fields of confessed that he abused at least five of the people who have psychology and psychiatry, damaged tens of thousands of brought suits. John Doe RG's suit, however, is the only one families, severely harmed the credibility of mental health pro- that involved repressed memories. Only two other cases are fessionals, and misled the legislative, civil, criminal, and fam- currently moving toward trial because the statute of limita- ily legal systems into many miscarriages of justice." tions had expired in the cases. The repressed-memory case The Supreme Judicial Court decision was unanimous. is expected to be the most contested of the three, and both Justice Robert Cordy wrote: sides have lined up memory experts. “In sum, the judge's finding that the lack of scientific test- According to Henry Harlson, professor at the Indiana ing did not make unreliable the theory that an individual may University School of Law: “Ultimately, this is going to force experience dissociative amnesia was supported in the record, the court of appeals and the Indiana Supreme Court to make not only by expert testimony but by a wide collection of clin- a determination on the use of repressed memory in cases of ical observations and a survey of academic literature.” this nature.” [2] A footnote in the decision may leave the Supreme Attorney for John Doe RG is Patrick Noaker of Jeff Judicial Court a big door out of the repressed-memory pit. Anderson and Associates in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Cody seemed to say that in the future the Court might toss a John S. (Jay) Mercer of Indianapolis, Indiana represents conviction if the only evidence is based on recovered-mem- the Archdiocese ories. Cordy wrote in a footnote: 1. See FMSF Newsletter, 18 (4) 2009. 2. King, R. (2010, January 22). Ruling in priest sex abuse case may set “We do not consider whether there could be circumstances precedent. Indianapolis Star. Retrieved on 1/25/10 from http://www.indy.com/posts/ruling-in-priest-sex-abuse-case-may-set- "Future reviewers will cringe at this science-illiterate opinion.” precedent R. C. Barden c

10 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 . A Conversation With stop this quackery that is destroying (96)[3] jury verdicts, both apparently R. Christopher Barden, Ph.D., J.D. thousands of families?”, they would records at that time for length of trial ask. As I investigated these cases, the and size of verdict (both over $2 mil- Note: Dr. Barden’s comments are for edu- cational purposes only and do not consti- national experts in litigation told me lion), received world-wide media tute legal advice of any kind to anyone. winning financially viable lawsuits attention. Such suits were finally was “impossible” because psychother- viewed as financially viable. From that FMSF Newsletter Editor: How did apy lacked clear standards of care and time forward I was able to place cases you get involved in the memory talk-therapy damages were too vague across the country with solid law firms, wars of the 1990s? and difficult to prove to juries. Given set up science-law teams and begin to Barden: During my Ph.D. psychology this widespread opinion, large law litigate throughout the U.S. I went on graduate training at Minnesota, UC firms like the one that employed me to manage and litigate several hundred Berkeley, and the Palo Alto were not at all interested in fronting the multidisciplinary “science intensive” VA/Stanford Medical Centers I became large sums of money required for litigation cases by setting up science- increasingly interested in how people “experimental” lawsuits. In contrast, I law multidisciplinary teams in over 30 of all ages successfully cope with com- became increasingly convinced that JD states. We were successful in about plex stress. Two national research lawyers (lawyers with no special scien- 98% of those cases. awards gave me time to explore a wide tific training) — even the very best When our team’s $10 million set- range of interests. While working in ones in the country — simply did not tlement in the Burgus v. Braun[4] case hospitals with multidisciplinary surgi- comprehend the relevant science and was reported on page 1, column 1 of cal teams, I became interested in had never worked in effective multidis- the NY Times in 1997, the war was improving national standards of med- ciplinary science-law teams. essentially over. When I spoke at a ical care for children. Legal and leg- News of a $500,000 plaintiff’s ver- national convention of physicians, islative processes were clearly the most dict in the Ramona [1] malpractice case medical school professors, and hospital powerful and effective way to imple- in California generated some interest in directors a few months after the Burgus ment broad systemic changes so I the possibility of additional suits but news, the hospital executives told me attended Harvard Law School. While did not solve the essential concerns. they were shutting down all MPD and in law school, with colleagues in med- Upon close inspection the very wealthy related hospital units because follow- icine, economics, and law we drafted plaintiff, Mr. Ramona, had apparently ing the Burgus case they now viewed and later published multidisciplinary self-funded the litigation and despite each of their “recovered memory legislation to reform U.S. Emergency winning a jury verdict had reportedly patients” as “walking multi-million Medical Care and Injury Prevention actually lost money on the case. Even dollar liabilities”. Thousands of Systems for Children (See, Harvard worse, the case was an unusual “third patients were thus freed from the harm- Journal on Legislation, 1993). This party” claim and thus likely to have ful influences of recovered-memory legislation became nationally known been overturned on appeal. In sum, a therapy programs. Over the next few and its key goals have been enacted in financially viable recovered-memory years the recovered-memory therapy some form in many states. I then therapy malpractice lawsuit was still industry collapsed rather rapidly leav- returned to my home town of considered “impossible”. ing only mopping up operations Minneapolis and was practicing corpo- Fortunately, the Ramona story did through criminal, civil, and licensing rate and health care law while prepar- result in my being interviewed in sev- systems across the country. ing additional multidisciplinary leg- eral national media outlets — the Wall The abuse scandals of the Catholic islative reform efforts. Litigating com- Street Journal, Los Angeles Times, Church briefly revived some “recov- plex science intensive malpractice American Bar Journal and others — on ered memory” issues as plaintiffs cases under the intense glare of the the “meaning” of the unusual Ramona sought ways to file otherwise long- national media was something I had verdict. This national media attention lapsed cases. Unfortunately, some never even considered. softened the resistance of our law attorneys defending the church strug- During that time period (1992- firm’s most prominent litigator, gled to properly distinguish reliable 1994) I began to receive calls from for- Edward M. Glennon, who joined my abuse claims from “recovered memo- mer science and medical school col- requests for funding. Ed’s support ry” cases and some apparently attempt- leagues concerned about a very danger- enabled us to obtain the financing to ed to litigate the RM cases using JD- ous “treatment” approach called recov- conduct two “impossible” jury trials only, pre-Hamanne, “horse and buggy” ered-memory therapy. “Now that you with team member Christopher Yetka. legal methods — too often with nega- are a lawyer can’t you do something to The Hamanne (95)[2] and Carlson tive results. By failing to engage the

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 11 national “A team” and eliminating RM general statement on the nature of the cess in the Keenan (2009, MN) case suits as junk science cases, local attor- legal and medical professions. One involved Elizabeth Loftus (Ph.D., neys encouraged the filing of more RM hundred years ago the typical medical national research psychology expert in suits. By settling these suits instead of professional would travel door to door memory and memory contamination, distinguishing them from credible in a horse and buggy dispensing not- methodology, acceptance in the field of cases, local attorneys poured enormous very-effective and often quite danger- memory, history of the RM movement, financial resources back into the col- ous health care. Early in the 20th cen- and related areas), Harrison Pope (MD lapsed RM industry. tury, following Professor Flexner’s research-clinical psychiatry expert in Editor: What are Frye-Daubert- report on the effectiveness of medical methodology, diagnosis, DSM, history Kumho legal hearings? training, medicine began to reform, of the RM movement, bio-medical conform to scientific findings, improve issues, acceptance in the field of psy- Barden: Frye-Daubert-Kumho legal in effectiveness, and move towards chiatry, and others), William Grove hearings are used to examine the relia- multidisciplinary teams of profession- (Ph.D. research-clinical psychologist bility and usefulness of expert witness als. Think of the modern surgical unit and expert in testing, diagnosis, assess- testimony. In these hearings, if the the- with surgeons, radiologists, anesthesi- ment, clinical judgment, DSM, accep- ory or testimony cannot be shown to be ologists, nurses, pharmacists, and other tance in the field of clinical psycholo- reliable and helpful to the court it must professionals working together to pro- gy, and related issues) and myself be excluded to protect the integrity of duce care far beyond “horse and buggy (Ph.D., J.D. research-clinical psychol- the legal process. See, Grove, W. M. medicine.” Unfortunately, even in the ogist and trial counsel specializing in and Barden, R.C. (2000) Protecting the 21st century, the legal system remains the litigation of science issues). An Integrity of the Legal System: The mired in “horse and buggy” methodol- even wider range of national experts Admissibility of Testimony from ogy. In many trials, even trials involv- including Richard Ofshe, Ph.D., Paul Mental Health Experts Under ing highly complex and controversial McHugh, M.D. and others has also Daubert/Kumho Analyses, Psychology, science, JD-only attorneys are the per- been essential in earlier cases. In my Public Policy and Law, Vol 5, No. 1, sons controlling the process. This opinion, involving the “A team” of 234-242. Excerpts reprinted in Fisher, reliance on antiquated legal methodol- national science and legal experts is the George (Prof. Stanford Law School), ogy, has been a disaster in many areas single most important ingredient for Evidence: University Casebook Series, of the law but especially in family law success in such cases. Foundation Press - West Group, New and “recovered memory” civil and In stark contrast to the “A Team” York, 2002, pg. 688. criminal cases. method, too many lawyers mistakenly Editor: What role did Frye- Not knowing all of the details of believe that they, as JD-only attorneys, Daubert-Kumho hearings play in the lost Frye-Daubert-Kumho cases, I can sufficiently comprehend and effec- the success of your recovered memo- am limited to offering general reasons tively use complex social science ry therapy malpractice suits? as to what apparently went wrong in information in real time in high speed Barden: Frye-Daubert-Kumho legal some of these unfortunate cases. The verbal battles with RM experts. In my hearings to exclude junk science testi- first thing to emphasize in our analysis experience, even the most talented and mony on “repressed and recovered is the overwhelming success of the experienced nationally renowned JD- memories” were (and remain) a large multidisciplinary team method I call only attorneys are not even remotely part of our success in such cases. By “science-intensive litigation”. From capable of effectively cross-examining blocking the introduction of “recov- general consulting efforts in RM experts who are often highly ered memory” testimony we protected Hungerford (97)[5], Engstrom (97)[6], trained, compelling professionals who the integrity of the process, destroyed Bourgelais (05)[7] and other cases to have spent years polishing misleading the opposition’s main arguments, and our complete courtroom hearings in presentations of RM “science”. In obtained ruling after ruling dismissing Hamanne (95), Carlson (96), addition, JD-only attorneys, in my these junk science cases. Quattrocchi (99)[8] , Rivers (05)[9], opinion, are quite incapable of con- Editor: Why are some Frye-Daubert- Keenan (09) and others, we have ducting effective redirect examinations Kumho hearings on “repressed and enjoyed rather uniform success in of our own national experts. The infor- recovered memories” still being lost excluding RM testimony and experts. mation involved is simply too scientif- when you seem to win virtually all of This success depends upon the careful ically complex, involves too many your hearings? creation of multidisciplinary teams of areas of overlapping confusions, is highly qualified national expert profes- happening too rapidly even for in-trial Barden: As a former faculty member in sionals. For example, our recent suc- consultants, and is difficult to summa- law and medicine, let me begin with a

12 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 rize for legal analysis by the court. expert could not be trusted. The entire misconduct by RM experts, recent Questions that leave confusing holes in case turned on this cross examination. research findings in a range of profes- our own expert’s presentations are The idea that even the very finest of sions, local licensing rule restrictions, often easily clarified in real time dur- JD-only attorneys could conduct such legal evidentiary issues, evidentiary ing court proceedings but only if the an examination is fanciful. presentation issues, and related quan- attorney asking the questions is very, A third example involves the issue daries. A JD-only attorney would need very, very familiar in detail with the of the history of misconduct by RM at least 3 experts in the courtroom with relevant research literature. JD-only experts. This is always a difficult issue them at all times somehow rapidly attorneys cannot possibly display this and given their academic backgrounds coming up with and communicating kind of detailed, professional knowl- even our own experts do not like to complex questions in real time. For edge of the fields of memory contami- discuss it. As someone who served as a obvious reasons this has never been nation, diagnosis, clinical judgment, Special Assistant State Attorney accomplished or even attempted. psychological testing, social science General for Utah in 2004 and 2005, I In sum, I fear that lawyers who methodology, history of psychology, look forward to this part of the case. continue to use “horse and buggy” misconduct of RM leaders, etc, etc. The failure to fully, fairly, and accu- legal methods will continue to lose Relating this again to the health care rately display the sordid history of mis- cases they really should win and these system, even the very best, kindest, conduct — including criminal miscon- losses will fuel attempts to revive the and most highly motivated dentists duct — by leaders of the RM move- RM industry. should not attempt heart transplants. ment is, in my opinion, perhaps the Editor: Given the success of your sci- As a specific example of the “A most serious and common error of JD- ence intensive litigation methods and team” method at work, I was conduct- only attorneys in such matters. the poor results in many other cases, ing a cross examination of a highly A fourth example involves experts why wouldn’t all lawyers simply use skilled RM expert. At my counsel table offering different answers to the very these new methods? was a box of dozens and dozens of same questions when those questions Barden:It is very difficult to under- peer-reviewed published research arti- are asked by a JD-only attorney or by stand, isn’t it? Some attorneys never cles on trauma, repressed memory, an attorney with two national research conduct the minimal investigation nec- cognition, developmental issues, sug- awards who has participated in licens- essary to find out about the history of gestibility, clinical judgment, medica- ing revocation actions against a num- successes in these cases. Given the tion effects, the DSM, etc. When the ber of professionals in the expert’s international news coverage our trials RM “expert” would misstate the field of study. Several of the most generated such information is readily research, I would pull out the relevant prominent RM experts refuse to partic- available. Other lawyers, tragically, are article, turn to the appropriate section ipate in cases where they will be exam- informed and simply refuse to involve and ask the “expert” to read the correc- ined by an attorney who is also a the “A Team” believing they, as expe- tion into the record. The court quickly national expert in their own field. rienced JD-only attorneys, can handle understood that this expert could not Some lawyers attempt a “half- all cases. Tragically, they often find out be trusted. The idea that even the very baked” solution to these problems by too late that “horse and buggy law” finest of JD-only attorneys could con- having a medical or psychological often works very poorly indeed in duct such an examination is fanciful. expert in the courtroom to assist them complex social science hearings. A second example involves an or write questions during examina- Finally, economic considerations can expert testifying with regard to psy- tions. This approach is certainly far also play a role some well-intentioned chological assessment issues. The better than having JD-only attorneys but misinformed attorneys are “penny expert was discussing MMPI reports go it alone but not nearly as effective wise and pound foolish” — trying to and the resulting diagnostic recom- as the full “A team” method. The very reduce costs in litigation but ending up mendations. Unfortunately for the fine world-class experts we involve in losing many, many times the amount expert, the most relevant MMPI scales these cases became international saved in settlements or losing ver- were not stable over time and the test experts by becoming highly special- dicts. At some point our “A team” may in question was quite out of date. The ized. Thus none of them can cover the lose a Frye-Daubert-Kumho hearing expert had failed to report this serious entire range of issues needed to win and these decisions may become more methodological error to the court. The these hearings including clinical judg- complex but at this point the choices error and the failure to report the error ment limitations, lie detection, and consequences seem rather clear. were both violations of licensing rules. research methods, statistical issues, The court quickly understood that this medication, DSM, medical, history of 1. See FMSF Nsltr.Vol. 3 No. 6, 1994.

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 13 2. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 4 No. 8, 1995. A.2d 879 (R.I. 1999)] “The State has not met 3. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 5 No. 3, 1996. its burden of establishing that repressed recol- SOME BOOKS OF INTEREST lection is reliable and admissible as scientific 4. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 6 No. 11, 1997. evidence.” The Trauma Myth: The Truth 5. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 5 No. 3, 1996. See, State of New Hampshire vs. Bourgelais, About the Sexual Abuse of 6. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 14 No. 3 2006. Docket No. 02-S-2834, Judge T. Nadeau, April Children and Its Aftermath 8. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 8 No. 4 1999. 4, 2005. “the State’s motion [to use Susan A. Clancy repressed memory evidence at trial] is 9. See FMSF Nsltr Vol. 15 No. 1 2006. denied… the court determines, based on the Remembering Trauma law and the evidence, that the reliability of Richard McNally History of Completed Cases in Which memory retrieval has not been sufficiently R.C. Barden Participated as a established…” Science and Pseudoscience in Consultant or Trial Counsel See, Rivers v. Father Flanagan’s Boys Town, Clinical Psychology Doc 1024, Case No. 743, Nebraska State S. O. Lilienfeld, S.J. Lynn, J.M. Lohr See, e.g., Hamanne, et al. v. Humenansky, Court Judge Sandra L. Dougherty, November Ramsey County Minnesota File No. C4-94- 25, 2005. “In conclusion, the Court finds and Psychology Astray: 203, Judge Bertrand Poritsky, June 30, 1995, concludes that Rivers has not met his burden Transcript page 83-84. “The Frye hearing has Fallacies in Studies of “Repressed of establishing that repressed and recovered Memory” and Childhood Trauma been concluded and we are still on the memory is reliable and admissible as scientific record... It’s my finding, first, that the theory a evidence or that it is properly applied in this Harrison G. Pope, Jr., M.D. person can block out of awareness [repress or case. The Plaintiff’s evidence lacks the scien- Remembering Our Childhood: dissociate] a long stream of [traumatic] events tific reliability and proper application neces- and subsequently recall them accurately is not sary to admission under Rule 702 and How Memory Betrays Us supported by experts in the field. And further Daubert/Schaferman. As a result, the Courts Karl Sabbagh that there is no agreement by experts that there finds and concludes that the Defendants’ is general agreement that such [recovered Motion in Limine No. 1 (banning all testimo- Making Minds and Madness: memory] evidence is reliable and trustworthy. ny regarding repressed and recovered memo- From Hysteria to Depression That’s the Frye standard. As to the Daubert ries) shall be sustained.” Chapter 3 standard, it is also my ruling that such [recov- “A Black Box Named Sybil” ered memory] evidence is not reliable nor See, Duffy v. Father Flanagan’s Boys Town, helpful to the jury.” Case No. 8:03CV31, United States District Mikkel Borch-Jacobsen Court for the District of Nebraska, See, Carlson v. Humenansky (Minnesota Trial Memorandum and Order of January 26, 2006 Try to Remember: Psychiatry’s Ct), Judge Bertrand Poritsky (January, 1996). by Hon. Laurie Smith Camp, U.S. District Clash Over Meaning, Memory, Judge Poritsky again found (as he had in Judge. “[Plaintiff] Duffy filed a motion of Hamanne v. Humenansky) that repression and and Mind withdrawal of expert testimony on the issue of Paul McHugh, M.D. recovered memories were unreliable concepts, repressed memory.... [thus] judgment will be not accepted by the relevant scientific commu- granted to [Defendant] as a matter of law.” nity, not helpful to a jury and thus inadmissi- The Rutherford Family Speaks to ble. See, Keenan v. Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis and Diocese of Winona, Case No. FMS Families See, Engstrom v. Engstrom California App., 62-C9-06-003962, December 8, 2009, 2nd 2nd App. Dist., Div 2, (CA 1997) “[Repressed Judicial District, Judge E. Johnson after an The DVD made by the memory] is not generally accepted as valid exhaustive multi-week hearing found, Rutherford family is the most pop- and reliable by a respectable majority of the “Plaintiff failed to meet his burden of proof ular DVD of FMSF families. It cov- pertinent scientific community...” under the Frye-Mack standard of showing that ers the complete story from accusa- See, State of New Hampshire v. Hungerford the concept of repressed and recovered memo- and State of New Hampshire v. Morahan ry is generally accepted in the relevant scien- tion, to retraction and reconciliation. 698 A.2d 1244 (N.H. 1997) “The phenome- tific community” …“Inclusion of the diagno- Family members describe the things non of recovery of repressed memories has not sis of dissociative amnesia in the DSM-IV they did to cope and to help reunite. yet reached the point where we may perceive does not establish general acceptance of that Of particular interest are Beth these particular recovered memories as reli- diagnosis”… “Plaintiff failed to meet his bur- Rutherford’s comments about what able.” den of proof under the Frye-Mack standard of her family did that helped her to See, State of New Hampshire v. Walters 697 showing that the theory of repressed and A.2d 916 (N.H. 1997) “[W]e conclude, as recovered memory is reliable and trustworthy retract and return. we did in Hungerford , that “ [t]he indicia of based on well-recognized scientific principles reliability present in the particular memories because of the significant methodological Available in DVD format only: in [this] case[] do not rise to such a level that flaws in the studies presented by plaintiff in To order send request to they overcome the divisive state of the scien- support of that theory and the lack of any test FMSF -DVD, 1955 Locust St. to show reliability. Defendant’s Motion to tific debate on the issue.” Philadelphia, PA 19103 Exclude Expert Testimony under the Frye- See, State of Rhode Island v. Quattrocchi, Mack standard is hereby GRANTED.” $10.00 per DVD; Canada add $4.00; C.A. No. P92-3759 (R.I. 1999) [on remand other countries add $10.00 c from the Rhode Island Supreme Court 681 Make checks payable to FMS

14 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 Web Sites of Interest NEW MEXICO Albuquerque - 2nd Sat. (BI-MO) @1 pm www.seweb.uci.edu/faculty/loftus/ Southwest Room -Presbyterian Hospital Elizabeth Loftus Maggie 505-662-7521(after 6:30pm) or Sy CONTACTS & MEETINGS - 505-758-0726 www.theisticsatanism.com/asp/ NEW YORK UNITED STATES Against Satanic Panics Upstate/Albany Area ALABAMA Elaine 518-399-5749 comp.uark.edu/~lampinen/lab.html See Georgia NORTH CAROLINA The Lampinen Lab False Memory Reading Group, ALASKA Susan 704-538-7202 University of Arkansas Kathleen 907-333-5248 OHIO ARIZONA Cleveland http:/www.exploratorium.edu/memory/ Phoenix Pat 480-396-9420 Bob & Carole 440-356-4544 The Exploratorium Memory Exhibit ARKANSAS OKLAHOMA Oklahoma City theretractor.angelfire.com/ Little Rock Al & Lela 870-363-4368 CALIFORNIA Dee 405-942-0531 Site for retractors run by Laura Pasley Sacramento Jocelyn 530-570-1862 OREGON www.process.org/ San Francisco & North Bay Portland area Kathy 503-655-1587 Site of Investigative Journalist Charles 415-435-9618 San Francisco & South Bay PENNSYLVANIA www.psyfmfrance.fr Eric 408-738-0469 Wayne (includes S. NJ) French False Memory Group East Bay Area Judy 925-952-4853 Jim & Jo 610-783-0396 Central Orange County TEXAS www.psychoheresy- Chris & Alan 949-733-2925 Houston aware.org/ministry.html Covina Area Jo or Beverly 713-464-8970 The Bobgans question Christian counseling Floyd & Libby 626-357-2750 UTAH COLORADO Keith 801-467-0669 http:/www.IllinoisFMS.org Colorado Springs Doris 719-488-9738 WASHINGTON Illinois-Wisconsin FMS Society FLORIDA See Oregon Central Florida - Please call for mtg. time WISCONSIN www.ltech.net/OHIOarmhp John & Nancy 352-750-5446 Katie & Leo 414-476-0285 or Ohio Group GEORGIA Susanne & John 608-427-3686 recoveredmemorytherapy.blogspot.com Atlanta Wallie & Jill 770-971-8917 Matt Stone’s updates on Australia FMS INTERNATIONAL ILLINOIS http:/www.bfms.org.uk Chicago & Suburbs - 1st Sun. (MO) BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA British False Memory Society Eileen 847-985-7693 or Liz 847-827-1056 Vancouver & Mainland www.religioustolerance.org/sra.htm INDIANA Lloyd 250-741-8941 Information about Satanic Ritual Abuse Indiana Assn. for Responsible Mental Health Victoria & Vancouver Island Practices John 250-721-3219 www.angryparents.net Pat 317-865-8913 & Helen 574-753-2779 MANITOBA CANADA Parents Against Cruel Therapy KANSAS Roma 204-275-5723 Wichita - Meeting as called ONTARIO, CANADA www.peterellis.org.nz Pat 785-762-2825 London Site run by Brian Robinson contains information LOUISIANA Adriaan 519-471-6338 about Christchurch Creche and other cases. Sarah 337-235-7656 Ottawa MAINE Eileen 613-836-3294 www.falseallegation.org Portland - 4th Sun. (MO) Burlington National Child Abuse Bobby 207-878-9812 Ken & Marina 905-637-6030 Defense & Resource Center MARYLAND Waubaushene Carol 410-465-6555 Paula 705-543-0318 www.markpendergrast.com MASSACHUSETTS/NEW ENGLAND QUEBEC Excerpts from Victims of Memory Andover - 2nd Sun. (MO) @ 1pm Claudine: [email protected] Frank 978-263-9795 514-620-6397 French and English www.rickross.com/groups/fsm.html MICHIGAN AUSTRALIA Ross Institute Greater Detroit Area Nancy 248-642-8077 Evelyn [email protected] MINNESOTA BELGIUM www.enigma.se/info/FFI.htm Terry & Collette 507-642-3630 [email protected] FMS in Scandinavia - Janet Hagbom Dan & Joan 651-631-2247 FRANCE afsi.fauxsouvenirs@wabadii,fr www.ncrj.org/ MISSOURI Springfield - Quarterly (4th Sat. of Apr., ISRAEL National Center for Reason & Justice Jul., Oct., Jan.) @12:30pm FMS ASSOCIATION fax-972-2-625-9282 NEW ZEALAND www.traumaversterking.nl Tom 417-753-4878 & Roxie 417-781-2058 MONTANA Colleen 09-416-7443 English language web site of Dutch retractor. Lee & Avone 406-443-3189 SWEDEN www.quackwatch.org NEW HAMPSHIRE Ake Moller FAX 48-431-217-90 UNITED KINGDOM This site is run by Stephen Barrett, M.D. Jean 603-772-2269 & Mark 802-872-0847 NEW JERSEY The British False Memory Society www.stopbadtherapy.com Sally 609-927-4147 (Southern) Madeline 44-1225 868-682 Contains information about filing complaints. c

FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2 15 Copyright © 2010 by the FMS Foundation 1955 Locust Street Do you have access to e-mail? Send a message to Philadelphia, PA 19103-5766 [email protected] Phone: 215-940-1040 Fax: 215-940-1042 if you wish to receive electronic versions of this newsletter [email protected] www.FMSFonline.org and notices of radio and television broadcasts about FMS. All ISSN # 1069-0484 the message need say is “add to the FMS-News”. It would be Pamela Freyd, Ph.D., Executive Director useful, but not necessary, if you add your full name (all addresses and names will remain strictly confidential). FMSF Scientific and Professional Advisory Board April 1, 2010 Aaron T. Beck, M.D., D.M.S., University of Pennsylvania, The False Memory Syndrome Foundation is a qualified 501(c)3 Philadelphia, PA; Terence W. Campbell, Ph.D., Clinical and Forensic corporation with its principal offices in Philadelphia and gov- Psychology, Sterling Heights, MI; Rosalind Cartwright, Ph.D., Rush erned by its Board of Directors. While it encourages participation Presbyterian St. Lukes Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Jean Chapman, by its members in its activities, it must be understood that the Ph.D., University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Loren Chapman, Ph.D., Foundation has no affiliates and that no other organization or per- University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI; Frederick C. Crews, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, CA; Robyn M. Dawes, Ph.D., son is authorized to speak for the Foundation without the prior Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA; David F. Dinges, Ph.D., written approval of the Executive Director. All membership dues University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Henry C. Ellis, Ph.D., and contributions to the Foundation must be forwarded to the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM; Fred H. Frankel, Foundation for its disposition. MBChB, DPM, Harvard University Medical School; George K. ______Ganaway, M.D., Emory University of Medicine, Atlanta, GA; Martin Gardner, Author, Norman, OK; Rochel Gelman, Ph.D., Rutgers The FMSF Newsletter will be published 4 times in 2010 by the University, New Brunswick, NJ; Henry Gleitman, Ph.D., University of False Memory Syndrome Foundation. The newsletter is delivered Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Lila Gleitman, Ph.D., University of electronically and it is also available on the FMSF website: Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Richard Green, M.D., J.D., Charing Cross Hospital, London; John Hochman, M.D., UCLA Medical www.FMSFonline.org Those without access to the Internet School, Los Angeles, CA; David S. Holmes, Ph.D., University of should contact the Foundation. Kansas, Lawrence, KS; MA; Robert A. Karlin, Ph.D. , Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ; Elizabeth Loftus, Ph.D., University of California, Irvine, CA; Susan L. McElroy, M.D., University of Your Contribution Will Help Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH; Paul McHugh, M.D., Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD; Harold Merskey, D.M., University of PLEASE FILL OUT ALL INFORMATION Western Ontario, London, Canada; Spencer Harris Morfit, Author, PLEASE PRINT Westford, MA; Ulric Neisser, Ph.D., Cornell University, Ithaca, NY; Richard Ofshe, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, CA; Emily __Visa: Card # & exp. date:______Carota Orne, B.A., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; __Discover: Card # & exp. date:______Loren Pankratz, Ph.D., Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR; Michael A. Persinger, Ph.D., Laurentian University, Ontario, __Mastercard: # & exp. date:______Canada; August T. Piper, Jr., M.D., Seattle, WA; Harrison Pope, Jr., (Minimum credit card is $25) M.D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; James Randi, Author and __Check or Money Order: Payable to FMS Foundation in Magician, Plantation, FL; Henry L. Roediger, III, Ph.D. ,Washington U.S. dollars University, St. Louis, MO; Carolyn Saari, Ph.D., Loyola University, Chicago, IL; Michael A. Simpson, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., M.R.C, D.O.M., Center for Psychosocial & Traumatic Stress, Pretoria, South Signature: ______Africa; Ralph Slovenko, J.D., Ph.D., Wayne State University Law School, Detroit, MI; Jeffrey Victor, Ph.D., Jamestown Community Name: ______College, Jamestown, NY; Hollida Wakefield, M.A., Institute of Psychological Therapies, Northfield, MN; Charles A. Weaver, III, Address:______Ph.D. Baylor University, Waco, TX. Advisors to whom we are grateful who are now deceased. State, ZIP (+4) ______David A. Halperin, M.D., Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Country: ______NY; Ernest Hilgard, Ph.D., Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Philip S. Holzman, Ph.D., Harvard University, Cambridge; Harold Lief, M.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Martin Orne, M.D., Phone: (______)______Ph.D., University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; Campbell Perry, Ph.D., Concordia University, Montreal, Canada; Theodore Sarbin, Fax: (______)______Ph.D., University of California, Santa Cruz, CA; Thomas A. Sebeok, Ph.D., Indiana University, Bloomington, IN; Margaret Singer, Ph.D., University of California, Berkeley, CA; Donald Spence, Ph.D., Robert Thank you for your generosity. Wood Johnson Medical Center, Piscataway, NJ.

16 FMS Foundation Newsletter SPRING 2010 Vol. 19 No. 2