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CBD Fifth National Report

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CBD Fifth National Report THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND SPATIAL PLANNING The Fifth National Report on the Implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity 2015 1 Table of Contents: Summary ................................................................................................................................................................. 7 1. Why is biodiversity so important for Slovenia? ................................................................................................ 14 1.1. The importance of ecosystem services for human welfare and social and economic development ........ 14 1.2. Activities related to ecosystem services in the reporting period .............................................................. 15 1.2.1. Examples of good practice ................................................................................................................. 18 2. What major changes in biodiversity status have taken place in Slovenia? ....................................................... 19 2.1. Overview of the status, trends and endangerment of biodiversity ........................................................... 19 2.1.1. Ecosystem conservation ..................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.2. Coastal and marine habitat types ....................................................................................................... 22 2.1.3. Inland waters, bogs and marshes ....................................................................................................... 23 2.1.4. Farmland habitat types ...................................................................................................................... 23 2.1.5. Forest habitat types ............................................................................................................................ 25 2.1.6. Underground habitat types ................................................................................................................ 25 3 What are the main threats to biodiversity in Slovenia? ..................................................................................... 29 3.1. The main reasons for negative changes .............................................................................................. 29 3.2. The description of the main direct and indirect causes of biodiversity loss for the main biomes and biodiversity components .................................................................................................................................. 30 3.2.1. Agricultural-landscape ecosystems .................................................................................................... 30 3.2.2. Forest ecosystems .............................................................................................................................. 31 3.2.3. Inland waters and wetland ecosystems ............................................................................................. 32 3.2.4. Mountain ecosystems ........................................................................................................................ 33 3.2.5. Coastal and marine ecosystems ......................................................................................................... 33 3.2.6. Underground ecosystems................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.7. Plant and animal species .................................................................................................................... 34 3.2.8. Genetic resources ............................................................................................................................... 34 3.2. 9. Climate change .................................................................................................................................. 35 3. 2.10. Protected areas ............................................................................................................................... 35 4. What are the impacts of the changes in biodiversity and the socioeconomic and cultural implications of these impacts? ................................................................................................................................................................ 37 4. 1. Agricultural ecosystems ............................................................................................................................ 37 4. 2. Forest ecosystems..................................................................................................................................... 37 4.3. Inland waters and wetland ecosystems ..................................................................................................... 38 4.4. Mountain ecosystems ................................................................................................................................ 39 4.5. Coastal and marine ecosystems ................................................................................................................ 39 4.6. Cave ecosystems ........................................................................................................................................ 40 4.7. Plant and animal species ........................................................................................................................... 40 2 4.8. Genetic resources ...................................................................................................................................... 41 4.9. Climate change .......................................................................................................................................... 41 5. What are Slovenia's biodiversity targets? ......................................................................................................... 43 5.1. Objectives of the National Environmental Protection Programme concerning biodiversity conservation 44 5.2. Objectives of the Biodiversity Conservation Strategy (BCSS) 2002–2012 ................................................. 45 5. 2.1. Ecosystem conservation .................................................................................................................... 45 5. 2.2. Activities for sustainable use of biodiversity components and sustainable development ............... 46 5. 2.3. Activities supporting biodiversity conservation and sustainable use ................................................ 47 5.3. The goals of the Natura 2000 Site Management Programme ................................................................... 48 5. 4. Proposed targets of the updated Biodiversity Conservation Strategy ..................................................... 48 6. How are the national strategy and action plan updated to incorporate global biodiversity goals and serve as effective instruments for biodiversity mainstreaming? ........................................................................................ 50 7. What actions has Slovenia taken to implement the Convention since the Fourth National Report? .............. 55 7.1. Legislative measures related to the implementation of the Convention that have been adopted since the Fourth National Report ..................................................................................................................................... 55 7.2. Plans and strategic and planning documents ............................................................................................ 57 7. 2.1. Management of nature parks ............................................................................................................ 58 7.3. Institutional mechanisms for the implementation of the Convention and the structure of the staff of the public service providing nature conservation in Slovenia ................................................................................ 58 7.4. Financing mechanisms ............................................................................................................................... 60 7. 4.1. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in protected areas ................................................... 61 7. 4.2. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in cave ecosystems .................................................. 61 7. 4.3. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in forestry ................................................................ 61 7. 4.4. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in agricultural ecosystems ....................................... 62 7. 4.5. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in fisheries ............................................................... 62 7. 4.6. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in aquatic ecosystems ............................................. 62 7. 4.7. Financing biodiversity research ......................................................................................................... 63 7. 4.8. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in relation to databases ........................................... 63 7. 4.9. Financing biodiversity conservation measures in the fields of communication and awareness-raising ...................................................................................................................................................................... 63 8. How effectively has biodiversity been mainstreamed into relevant sectoral
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