DOCSLIB.ORG

Community Dynamics of Small Mammals Micromammalia in North-Taiga Lapland G. KATAEV

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Community Dynamics of Small Mammals Micromammalia in North-Taiga Lapland G. KATAEV Community dynamics of small mammals Micromammalia in north-taiga Lapland G. KATAEV Location of stations for monitoring of Micromamaalia in Eastern Fennoscandia Introduction. Population monitoring of small mammals and abundance dynamics of individual species are relevant zoological objectives. The studies of microtine rodents and insect-eating mammals at the interface of the areas of species are of particular significance. Climate transformations and pollution of the air basin may influence the distribution, abundance and correlation of the species (Kataev et al., 1994; Ims, Fuglei, 2005; Kataev, Okulova, 2010). Apart from applied significance the long-term population studies of small mammals have some basic character: they contribute to the knowledge of functional pattern of northern ecosystems. The most long-term species abundance monitoring of land mammals in the Barents Sea region was carried out at the stations of Northern Fennoscandia and Scandinavia (Fig.1). The studies of rodents has been carried out at the monitoring sites of the Lapland reserve since 1936, in Kilpisjarvi – since 1946, in Kandalaksha reserve since 1952 and at Finse station in western Norway – since 1970 (Koshkina, 1957; Semenov-Tyan-Shanskiy, 1970; Kataev, 2012; Kataev et al, 1994; Henttonen, 1997; Henttonen, Wallgren, 2001; Framstad, 1995; Stenseth, 1999; Stenseth, Saitoh, 1998; Angeborn, et al., 2001). The establishment of a Russian-Norwegian reserve Pasvik in the Paz River valley in 1994 provided another opportunity for population and demographic monitoring of small mammals in the border area (Wikan et al., 1994; Makarova et al., 2003). The population studies of mammals based on long-term population monitoring are most successful in reserves and specially protected areas and recommended by the Seville Strategy (1996). Materials and methods. A comparative study of biodiversity and abundance of small mammals began in 1994 simultaneously in Pasvik reserve (Russia) at Kalkupya station (N 69°16’ E 29° 23’) and in Ser-Varanger commune (Norway) at Rovvavarra stationary (N 69°28’ E 29°51’). The first station is located 55 km to the south and the latter – 15 km to the south-west of the Pechenganikel smelter in the town of Nikel of the Murmansk region The stations are located in similar landscapes and geobotanic conditions. Both trap-lines are located on the slopes with eastern exposition and spread in bottom-top direction. The area belongs to open boreal woodlands. Kalkupya monitoring station is located on a similarly-named mountain massif with maximum height of 357 m above sea level. Rovvavarra station is located on the similarly-named mountain massif with maximum height of 245 m above sea level. Results and discussion. There are altogether 34 mammal species on the territory of the Russian-Norwegian reserve Pasvik (Wikan et al., 1994). The fauna Micromammalia of the studied region is represented by the following rodents Myomorpha and insect- eating species Soricidae: Pygmy shrew – Sorex minutus, Sibirian shrew Sorex minutussimus, Common shrew – S. araneus, Graves shrew – S. isodon, Masked shrew – S. caecutiens, Water shrew – Neomys fodiens, Northern Bad – Eptesicus nilssoni, Wood Lemming – Myopus schisticolor, Norwegian Lemming – Lemmus lemmus, Red-backed vole – Myodes rutilus, Grau-sided vole – Myodes rufocanus, Water vole – Arvicola terrestris, Muskrat – Ondatra zibethica, Short- tailed vole – Microtus agrestis, Rott vole – M. oeconomus, Brown rat – Rattus norvegicus, House mouse – Mus musculus. The received data on species correlations of small mammals and their abundance at the stations are given. The analysis of these two time series showed that grey-sided vole, red-backed vole and common shrew are dominating species out of 11 registered species. Small-numbered species are rott vole, graves shrew and pygmy shrew. During 19 years of study the maximum abundance index for grey-sided vole was registered at Rovvavarra station and for red-backed vole – at Kalkupya station. During the whole study period at Rovvavarra the population peaks of red-backed vole were registered in 1995- 1996, 2001-2002, 2006-2007 and 2010-2011, and depressions in 1998-1999, 2003-2004, 2008-2009 and 2012. The population peaks of grey-sided voles were registered at this station in 1997-1998, 2002-2003, 2006-2007 and 2010-2011, and depressions in 1995, 1999-2000, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009. The abundance of red-backed vole in Rovvavarra station has been 3,6 times lower than in Kalkupya for the whole monitoring period. The first one is located much closer to the Pechenganikel smelter and to a large extent subjected to chemical pollution. It is known that wastes of metal production depress the state of the red-backed population. It was found out that the level of industrial emissions from the Pechenganikel smelter has started remarkably reducing since 2002. We compared the abundance of voles in Rovvavarra station during the periods of 1994-2003 and 2004-2012. It tuned out that during the last period the abundance of red-backed vole increased on average 2.3 times and of grey-sided vole - 1.5 times. Probably the faster growth of red-backed vole is a species specific reaction of this rodent to environmental improvement in the area. According to autumn records the abundance levels of red-backed vole change in both stations, which is typical for this study area having considerable cyclicity (Stenseth, 1999, Okulova, Kataev, 2003). In 1994- 2003 the population of red-backed vole in Rovvavarra station entered each phase of the population cycle ahead of schedule. Abundance peaks of two most abundant vole species: red-backed and grey-sided voles take place in the same years, but differ in height. The cyclicity indices s=0.946 and 1.471 respectively testify to considerable cyclicity of population of these species. The populations of common shrew are characterized by low cyclicity, s=0.602. The populations of grey voles Microtinae turned out to be not cyclic. (s< 0.5). Abundance dynamics of Micromammalia (specimens per 100 trap-days, improved value) at Rovvararra station during the periods of 1994-2003 and 2004-2012. Years Grey-sided Red-backed Rott-vole Short-tailed Lemmings, 2 Shrews, 4 species vole vole vole species 1994-2003 12.6 1.6 0.3 0.3 0 5.9 2004-2012 18.5 3.7 0.6 0.4 1.8 4.6 Ratio of 1.47 2.31 2.0 1.33 - 0.78 change Abundance dynamics of Micromammalia (specimens per 100 trap-days, improved value) at Kalkupya station during the periods of 1994-2003 and 2004-2012. Years Grey-sided Red-backed Rott-vole Short-tailed Lemming, 2 Shrews, 4 species vole vole vole species 1994-2003 5.0 7.5 0.4 0.4 0.0 6.6 2004-2012 10.4 11.1 0.1 1.3 0.7 5.1 Ratio of 2.08 1.48 0.25 3.25 - 0.77 change Abundance dynamics of grey-sided vole at Kalkupya and Rovvavaarra stations, 1994-2012. - 40 35 30 traps 25 20 15 days 10 5 0 specimens per 100 per specimens Years Kalkupya Rovvavaarra Abundance dynamics of red-backed vole at the stations of Kalkupya and Rovvavaarra, 1994-2012. - 25 20 15 10 days 5 0 specimens per 100traps per specimens Years Kalkupya Rovvavaarra Abundance dynamics of common shrew at the stations of Kalkupya and Rovvavaara, 1994-2012. 16 14 days - 12 10 8 6 4 2 specimens per 100traps per specimens 0 Yars Kalkupya Rovvavaarra Conclusion. The population dynamics of small mammals in mountain landscapes of an international nature reserve Pasvik was studied during 1994-2012. The data analysis displayed biodiversity and quantitative changes in the populations of the studied species. During 19 years 8 species of small mammals were registered. It is found out that grey-sided vole is a dominating species in Rovvavarra station and common shrew and red-backed vole are dominating species in Kalkupya station. All species qualified as rare were registered in both stations. The comparison of dominating species abundances showed that, the highest abundance was registered for grey- sided vole in Rovvavarra station and for common shrew and red-backed vole in Kalkupya station. Long term abundance waves were traced and it showed that population cyclicity of the dominating species is similar in the study area. Chronological-specific analysis of vole population characteristics revealed peculiarities of interannual abundance and species correlations of grey-sided and red-backed voles in Rovvavarra and Kalkupya stations. The analysis of small mammal communities revealed differences in species composition and abundance of the animals living at various distances from the Pechenganikel smelter. The field sites demonstrate decrease in species diversity and abundance of animals compared to reference levels. It was found out that the species sensitive to sulfur dioxide and heavy metal pollution of the environment are red-backed vole out of mouse-like rodents and shrews out of insect-eating mammals. Judging from the reaction to local type of pollution the local population of red-backed vole turned out to be more sensitive compared to shrew population. The received time series of population dynamics of small mammals are quite long term and can be a basis for forecast of population boom of mouse-like rodents in the study area. The rare species such as Norwegian and wood lemmings make an exception. It is difficult to forecast the uprise of their abundance basing on available data. The continuation of record and inventories in Eastern Fennoscandia is an urgent research and nature conservation issue. It is important on the one hand due to necessity in new data about the animals inhabiting the range limits of the species and on the other hand a need in zoological monitoring of the natural environment in the region subjected to anthropogenic influence and climate transformations. Thank you for your attention!.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Small-Mammal Assemblages Inhabiting Sphagnum Peat Bogs in Various Regions of Poland
    BIOLOGICAL LETT. 2012, 49(2): 115–133 Available online at: http:/www.versita.com/science/lifesciences/bl/ DOI: 10.2478/v10120-012-0013-4 Small-mammal assemblages inhabiting Sphagnum peat bogs in various regions of Poland MATEUSZ CIECHANOWSKI1, JAN CICHOCKI2, AGNIESZKA WAŻNA2 and BARBARA PIŁACIŃSKA3 1 Department of Vertebrate Ecology and Zoology, University of Gdańsk, al. Legionów 9, 80‑441 Gdańsk, Poland 2 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, ul. prof. Z. Szafrana 1, 65‑516 Zielona Góra, Poland 3 Department of Systematic Zoology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89, 61‑614 Poznań, Poland Corresponding author: Mateusz Ciechanowski, [email protected] (Received on 19 May 2011; Accepted on 1 March 2012) Abstract: We studied species composition of assemblages of small mammals (rodents and shrews) inhab­ iting Polish 25 ombrotrophic mires and quaking bogs in several regions in order to reveal characteristic features of their quantitative structure and compare them between regions, internal zones of the bog habitats, and different levels of anthropogenic degradation. We reviewed also all published results of small-mammal trapping in such habitats. Mammals were captured in pitfalls, snap traps and live traps on 12 bogs of the Pomerania region, 4 bogs of the Orawa-Nowy Targ Basin (Kotlina Orawsko-Nowotarska), 3 bogs in the Świętokrzyskie Mts, and 6 bogs in Wielkopolska and the Lubusz Land. Additionally, we included materials collected from Barber traps (pitfalls) used during studies of epigeic invertebrates on 4 bogs. In total, 598 individuals of 12 species were collected. The number of pitfall captures per 100 trap- nights was very low (7.0–7.8), suggesting low population density.
    [Show full text]
  • Controlled Animals
    Environment and Sustainable Resource Development Fish and Wildlife Policy Division Controlled Animals Wildlife Regulation, Schedule 5, Part 1-4: Controlled Animals Subject to the Wildlife Act, a person must not be in possession of a wildlife or controlled animal unless authorized by a permit to do so, the animal was lawfully acquired, was lawfully exported from a jurisdiction outside of Alberta and was lawfully imported into Alberta. NOTES: 1 Animals listed in this Schedule, as a general rule, are described in the left hand column by reference to common or descriptive names and in the right hand column by reference to scientific names. But, in the event of any conflict as to the kind of animals that are listed, a scientific name in the right hand column prevails over the corresponding common or descriptive name in the left hand column. 2 Also included in this Schedule is any animal that is the hybrid offspring resulting from the crossing, whether before or after the commencement of this Schedule, of 2 animals at least one of which is or was an animal of a kind that is a controlled animal by virtue of this Schedule. 3 This Schedule excludes all wildlife animals, and therefore if a wildlife animal would, but for this Note, be included in this Schedule, it is hereby excluded from being a controlled animal. Part 1 Mammals (Class Mammalia) 1. AMERICAN OPOSSUMS (Family Didelphidae) Virginia Opossum Didelphis virginiana 2. SHREWS (Family Soricidae) Long-tailed Shrews Genus Sorex Arboreal Brown-toothed Shrew Episoriculus macrurus North American Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Old World Water Shrews Genus Neomys Ussuri White-toothed Shrew Crocidura lasiura Greater White-toothed Shrew Crocidura russula Siberian Shrew Crocidura sibirica Piebald Shrew Diplomesodon pulchellum 3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Diseases in Mass Mortality of Wood Lemmings (Myopus Schisticolor)
    The role of diseases in mass mortality of wood lemmings (Myopus schisticolor) Sjukdomars roll i massutdöende av skogslämmel (Myopus schisticolor) Henrik Johansen Master’s thesis • 30 credits Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SLU Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Forest Science programme Examensarbete/Master’s thesis, 2021:7 Umeå, Sweden 2021 The role of disease in mass mortality of wood lemming (Myopus schisticolor) Sjukdomars roll I massutdöende av skogslämmel (Myopus schisticolor) Henrik Johansen Supervisor: Frauke Ecke, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Department of wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Assistant supervisor: Magnus Magnusson, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Department of wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Examiner: Joris Cromsigt, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Department of wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Credits: 30 credits Level: Second cycle, A2E Course title: Master’s thesis in Forest Science, A2E - Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Course code: EX0840 Programme/education: Forest Science programme Course coordinating dept: Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Place of publication: Umeå, Sweden Year of publication: 2021 Cover picture: Thomas Secher Jensen Title of series: Examensarbete/Master’s thesis Part number: 2021:7 Keywords: Wood lemming, Myopus schisticolor, Disease, Virus, Pathogens, Mass mortality, Orthohantavirus, Pan-orthohantavirus, Somatic index, Spleen index Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Faculty of Forest Science Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies Publishing and archiving Approved students’ theses at SLU are published electronically. As a student, you have the copyright to your own work and need to approve the electronic publishing. If you check the box for YES, the full text (pdf file) and metadata will be visible and searchable online.
    [Show full text]
  • Genus/Species Skull Ht Lt Wt Stage Range Abalosia U.Pliocene S America Abelmoschomys U.Miocene E USA A
    Genus/Species Skull Ht Lt Wt Stage Range Abalosia U.Pliocene S America Abelmoschomys U.Miocene E USA A. simpsoni U.Miocene Florida(US) Abra see Ochotona Abrana see Ochotona Abrocoma U.Miocene-Recent Peru A. oblativa 60 cm? U.Holocene Peru Abromys see Perognathus Abrosomys L.Eocene Asia Abrothrix U.Pleistocene-Recent Argentina A. illuteus living Mouse Lujanian-Recent Tucuman(ARG) Abudhabia U.Miocene Asia Acanthion see Hystrix A. brachyura see Hystrix brachyura Acanthomys see Acomys or Tokudaia or Rattus Acarechimys L-M.Miocene Argentina A. minutissimus Miocene Argentina Acaremys U.Oligocene-L.Miocene Argentina A. cf. Murinus Colhuehuapian Chubut(ARG) A. karaikensis Miocene? Argentina A. messor Miocene? Argentina A. minutissimus see Acarechimys minutissimus Argentina A. minutus Miocene? Argentina A. murinus Miocene? Argentina A. sp. L.Miocene Argentina A. tricarinatus Miocene? Argentina Acodon see Akodon A. angustidens see Akodon angustidens Pleistocene Brazil A. clivigenis see Akodon clivigenis Pleistocene Brazil A. internus see Akodon internus Pleistocene Argentina Acomys L.Pliocene-Recent Africa,Europe,W Asia,Crete A. cahirinus living Spiny Mouse U.Pleistocene-Recent Israel A. gaudryi U.Miocene? Greece Aconaemys see Pithanotomys A. fuscus Pliocene-Recent Argentina A. f. fossilis see Aconaemys fuscus Pliocene Argentina Acondemys see Pithanotomys Acritoparamys U.Paleocene-M.Eocene W USA,Asia A. atavus see Paramys atavus A. atwateri Wasatchian W USA A. cf. Francesi Clarkforkian Wyoming(US) A. francesi(francesci) Wasatchian-Bridgerian Wyoming(US) A. wyomingensis Bridgerian Wyoming(US) Acrorhizomys see Clethrionomys Actenomys L.Pliocene-L.Pleistocene Argentina A. maximus Pliocene Argentina Adelomyarion U.Oligocene France A. vireti U.Oligocene France Adelomys U.Eocene France A.
    [Show full text]
  • Molecular Systematics and Holarctic Phylogeography of Cestodes of the Genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 S
    Zoologica Scripta Molecular systematics and Holarctic phylogeography of cestodes of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae) in lemmings (Lemmus, Synaptomys) VOITTO HAUKISALMI,LOTTA M. HARDMAN,VADIM B. FEDOROV,ERIC P. HOBERG & HEIKKI HENTTONEN Submitted: 27 March 2015 Haukisalmi, V., Hardman, L.M., Fedorov, V.B., Hoberg, E.P., Henttonen, H. (2016). Accepted: 2 July 2015 Molecular systematics and Holarctic phylogeography of cestodes of the genus Anoplo- doi:10.1111/zsc.12136 cephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplocephalidae) in lemmings (Lemmus, Synap- tomys). —Zoologica Scripta, 45,88–102. The present molecular systematic and phylogeographic analysis is based on sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) (mtDNA) and 28S ribosomal DNA and includes 59 isolates of cestodes of the genus Anoplocephaloides Baer, 1923 s. s. (Cyclophyllidea, Anoplo- cephalidae) from arvicoline rodents (lemmings and voles) in the Holarctic region. The emphasis is on Anoplocephaloides lemmi (Rausch 1952) parasitizing Lemmus trimucronatus and Lemmus sibiricus in the northern parts of North America and Arctic coast of Siberia, and Anoplocephaloides kontrimavichusi (Rausch 1976) parasitizing Synaptomys borealis in Alaska and British Columbia. The cox1 data, 28S data and their concatenated data all suggest that A. lemmi and A. kontrimavichusi are both non-monophyletic, each consisting of two separate, well-defined clades, that is independent species. As an example, the sister group of the clade 1ofA. lemmi, evidently representing the ‘type clade’ of this species, is the clade 1 of A. kontrimavichusi. For A. kontrimavichusi, it is not known which one is the type clade. There is also fairly strong evidence for the non-monophyly of Anoplocephaloides dentata (Galli-Valerio, 1905)-like species, although an earlier phylogeny suggested that this multi- species assemblage may be monophyletic.
    [Show full text]
  • A Review of the Results Obtained During the Field Study Group Summer Camps of the Dutch Mammal Society, 1986-2014
    A review of the results obtained during the Field Study Group summer camps of the Dutch Mammal Society, 1986-2014 Jan Piet Bekker1, Kees Mostert2, Jan P.C. Boshamer3 & Eric Thomassen4 1Zwanenlaan 10, NL-4351 RX Veere, the Netherlands, e-mail: [email protected] 2Palamedesstraat 74, NL-2612 XS Delft, the Netherlands 3Vogelzand 4250, NL-1788 MP Den Helder, the Netherlands 4Middelstegracht 28a, NL-2312 TX Leiden, the Netherlands Abstract: The 28 summer camps of the Field Study Group of the Dutch Mammal Society organised between 1986 and 2014 are reviewed here. Over time the Field Study Group gradually spread out its activities throughout Europe, including former Eastern Bloc countries. Camp locations were found through contacts in host countries, who also assist in the preparation of camp activities. Out of a total of 160 participants from the Netherlands and Belgium, 80 attended a summer camp once and 80 joined more than once; 116 participants from local origin were active dur- ing these camps. For the 128 mammal species found, the observation techniques used are described. Overall, 7,662 small mammals were caught with live-traps and 990 bats were caught in mist nets. Among the trapped mammals, 421 casualties were counted, predominantly common and pygmy shrews in northern European countries. In pellets, pre- dominantly from barn owls, 21,620 small mammals were found. With detectors, 3,908 bats could be identified. Caves and (old) buildings were explored for bats, and the results of these surveys made up a large part of the total number of bats found. Sightings (> 1,740) and tracks & signs (> 1,194) revealed most of all the presence of carnivora and even- toed ungulates (Artiodactyla).
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Phylogeography As an Integrative Approach to Understand Human and Other Mammal
    Comparative phylogeography as an integrative approach to understand human and other mammal distributions in Europe Luis Oxala García Rodríguez A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of Bournemouth University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2019 This page intentionally left blank II This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with its author and due acknowledgement must always be made of the use of any material contained in, or derived from, this thesis. III Comparative phylogeography as an integrative approach to understand human and other mammal distributions in Europe. Oxala García Rodríguez Abstract Phylogeography refers to the phylogenetic analysis of organisms in the context of their geographical distribution. The analytical methods build phylogenetic trees and networks from haplotypes in order to investigate the history of the organisms. Phylogeographic studies have revealed the importance of climatic oscillations and the role of the Last Glacial Maximum (27,500 to 16,000 years ago) with the formation of refugia where distinct haplotypes originate in Europe. The population expansions and contractions into these refugial areas have driven the evolution of different lineages but the similarities and differences between species are still poorly understood. This thesis aims to gain a better understanding of the phylogeographical processes of different mammals’ species in Europe. This was done by collecting published mitochondrial DNA control region sequences of 29 different species and analysing them individually and comparatively. This research presents a standardised way of understanding phylogeography from the mitochondrial DNA perspective to improve the comparison of studies in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • Durham E-Theses
    Durham E-Theses Geometric Morphometric analysis of the Microtus M1 and its application to Early Middle Pleistocene in the UK. KILLICK, LAURA,ELIZABETH How to cite: KILLICK, LAURA,ELIZABETH (2012) Geometric Morphometric analysis of the Microtus M1 and its application to Early Middle Pleistocene in the UK., Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3550/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Geometric Morphometric analysis of the Microtus M1 and its application to Early Middle Pleistocene in the UK. Laura Elizabeth KillickDepartments of Archaeology and Anthropology, Durham University, 2012.Thesis submitted for the qualification of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Species of the genus Microtus are known to be some of the most rapidly evolving taxa during the Quaternary. Their remains are common in archaeological and palaeontological contexts and are frequently used in palaeoclimatic and habitat reconstructions as well as providing a key component of biostratigraphic dating models.
    [Show full text]
  • Is the Female Biased Sex Ratio in Wood Lemming Myopus Schisticolor Maintained by Cyclic Inbreeding?
    OIKOS 30: 89-89. Copenhagen 1978 Is the female biased sex ratio in wood lemming Myopus schisticolor maintained by cyclic inbreeding? Nils Chr. Stenseth Zoological Institute, University of Oslo Stenseth, N. C. 1978. Is the female biased sex ratio in wood lemming Myopus schisticolor maintained by cyclic inbreeding?- Oikos 30: 83-89. The hypothesis is developed where the female biased sex ratio in wood lemming Myopus schisticolor (Lillj.), a cyclic microtine, is maintained through evolutionary time by recurrent inbreeding. If the effects, with respect to sex ratio, of inbreeding are stronger than the effects of outbreeding, then the optimal strategy (being favour­ ed by individual selection) would be to produce as many females as possible; the condition is that a sufficient number of males are present to ensure fertilization of all (or most) daughters. This is ensured by producing enough sons and/or by fathers mating with daughters. Some evidence supporting the occurrence of cyclic inbreeding (both sister-brother and daughter-father matings) during large fractions of microtine cycles in general, is outlined. Female biased sex ratio is predicted to be more common among exaggerated cyclic microtines than appreciated at present. One known case that seems to be similar to the situation in the wood lemming is briefly discussed: The arctic lemming Dicrostonyx torquatus (Pall.) in arctic USS R and North America. Studies aimed at producing data for testing the hypothesized occurrence of in­ breeding are sorely needed: Microtines should be studied with respect to breeding structure during low and early increase phases. In addition, breeding experiments for analysing the genetic mechanism are needed.
    [Show full text]
  • Quaternary Stratigraphy in Karst and Cave Sediments Postojna, 2018
    INQUA SE Q S INQUA Section on European Quaternary Stratigraphy Quaternary Quaternary Stratigraphy in Stratigraphy Karst and Cave Sediments in Karst and Cave Sediments Postojna, 2018 PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS & GUIDE BOOK Postojna, 2018 INQUA Section on European Quaternary Stratigraphy Quaternary Stratigraphy in Karst and Cave Sediments PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS & GUIDE BOOK Postojna 2018 INQUA SEQS- Quaternary Stratigraphy in Karst and Cave Sediments, Postojna, Slovenia, 2018 Editors: Nadja Zupan Hajna, Andrej Mihevc, Magdalena Năpăruș-Aljančič Issued by: Karst Research Institute, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Titov trg 2, 6230 Postojna, Slovenia Published by: ZRC Publishing Represented by: Oto Luthar Printrun: 100 Organizing committee: Andrej Mihevc, Markus Fiebig, Nadja Zupan Hajna, Petra Jamšek Rupnik Supported by: Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts INQUA Commission on Stratigraphy & Chronology (SACCOM) INQUA Section on European Quaternary Stratigraphy (SEQS) SINQUA Slovenian National INQUA Committee Cover photo: Sediment section in Markov spodmol (A. Mihevc) Printed by: Cicero Begunje, d. o. o. First edition, first printrun. Postojna 2018 CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 551.44(082) 551.7"628.6"(082) Quaternary Stratigraphy and Karst and Cave Sediments: program, abstracts & guide book/ [editors Nadja Zupan Hajna, Andrej Mihevc, Magda Aljančič]. - Ljubljana: ZRC Publishing, 2018 ISBN 978-961-05-0111-4 1. Zupan Hajna,
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    Molecular phylogenetics of arvicoline rodents Item Type Thesis Authors Conroy, Christopher John Download date 24/09/2021 20:10:57 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/11122/9519 INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type o f computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back o f the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner.
    [Show full text]
  • Intrinsic and Climatic Determinants of Population Demography: the Winter Dynamics of Tundra Voles
    Ecology, 83(12), 2002, pp. 3449±3456 q 2002 by the Ecological Society of America INTRINSIC AND CLIMATIC DETERMINANTS OF POPULATION DEMOGRAPHY: THE WINTER DYNAMICS OF TUNDRA VOLES JON AARS1,3 AND ROLF A. IMS2 1Department of Zoology, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, Scotland, UK 2Department of Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Tromsù, N-9037 Tromsù, Norway Abstract. The relative impacts of intrinsic factors (e.g., density dependence) and ex- trinsic factors (e.g., climate) on winter demography may be critical for the generation of different population dynamic patterns (including cyclicity) in northern vole and lemming populations. However, little is known about winter demography because studies with tem- poral and spatial replication at the population level and an adequate sample of individuals with known fates within each population are rare. In this study, we monitored the winter demography of 48 local tundra vole populations introduced to experimentally enclosed plots the preceding spring for four years in Norway. The rate of population change over the winter (November±May) was density dependent due to recruitment. However, the large variation in the rate of change between the different winters was due to a density-independent, and most likely a climatically driven, variation in survival rate. In particular, mild weather that led to the formation of ice on the ground seemed to be detrimental for winter survival. We predict that if increased frequency of such events arose, due to climate change, normal cyclic dynamics of northern small rodent populations would be disrupted. We found support for the hypothesis that voles adjusted their body mass toward a certain mean during the winter so as to maximize winter survival.
    [Show full text]