Towards Sustainable Cities in Developing Countries

8 February, 2015

Akira NAKAMURA, Ph.D.

Infrastructure and Peacebuilding Department, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Outline of Presentation

1. What is SATREPS?

2. Outcomes into Society

3. Why is the Project in Iskandar important?

4. JICA’s Approach for Sustainable Cities

5. Conclusion 1

What is SATREPS? - Global Issues-

Glacial Lake Outburst Floods Energy

Natural resources

Infectious diseases Major natural disasters

2 What is SATREPS? – Objective -

SATREPS: Science and Technology Cooperation on Global Issues

The aims are…

3 Model Simulation What is SATREPS? – Four main targets -

Environment and Energy Bioresources “Low Carbon Society”

“Global-scale Environmental Issues”

Infectious Diseases Control Disaster Prevention and Mitigation

4 What is SATREPS? – Regional Proportion -

Regional Proportion of SATREPS Projects （Total 87 Projects)

Middle East & Europe 7%(6 Projects)

Africa 20% Southeast Asia & (17 Projects) the Pacific 45% (39 Projects)

Latin America & the Caribbean 17% (15 Projects) South Asia East Asia & 10% Central Asia (9 Projects) 1%(1 Project) 5 What is SATREPS? - Research Field and Region -

Research Field/Region of SATREPS Projects （Total 87 Projects)

Middle East & Europe 1 2 1 2

Africa 3 3 4 2 5

Latin America & the Caribbean 3 3 5 3 1

South Asia 4 1 3 1

East Asia & Central Asia 1

Southeast Asia & the Pacific 12 4 8 6 9

0 10 20 30 40 50 Low Carbon Society (19) Global-scale Environmental Issues (16) Bioresources (19) Disaster Prevention & Mitigation (16) Infectious Diseases Control (17) 6 Research Outcomes into Society

• Utilization and application of research outcomes in society is quite important.

Demonstration Application in society Diffusion Global Issues

Research

Period Technical SATREPS Cooperation

7 Why is the Project in Iskandar important?

• Sharing common target among stakeholders • Showing Roadmap (Low carbon scenario) for Sustainable Urban Development • Showing concrete actions and their effects towards utilization of research outcomes into society

SATREPS: Development of Low Carbon Society Scenarios for Asian Regions

• Lessons for other developing countries on creating low carbon society • Need to assess how to apply to existing cities

8 JICA’s Approach for Sustainable Cities - Projects in Urban Development -

(52) (22) (38) (15) (9) Total 136 projects as of 2013.3

9 JICA’s Approach for Sustainable Cities - Background of Sustainable Cities-

 International Approach on Sustainable Development • Growing international concern on the global environment in the 1970s • “Our Common Future” (WECD) focusing on sustainability, “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” • Earth Summit in 1992 (UNCED) adopted Agenda 21 toward sustainable development, followed by international framework on global environmental issues, UNFCC on and CBC on • Rio +20 in 2012 (UNCED) “The Future We Want”, mainstreaming sustainable development at all levels, integrating economic, social, and environmental aspects • SDGs: being developed as measurable outcomes (coherent to the MDGs), which cover various aspects holistically

10 JICA’s Approach for Sustainable Cities - Background of Sustainable Cities-

Reasons to promote Sustainable Cities • Cities cover only 2% of total land area. • About half of world population (3.5 billion) live in cities, which will increase to 60% by 2030 and 70% by 2050. • Cities have been an engine of economic growth. • Significant environmental cost of cities, consuming 60-80% of total energy consumption and contributing 75% of CO2 emission • Vulnerability to environmental change: seriously affected by depletion of energy resources, by sea level rise and flooding due to the concentrated rain

11 JICA’s Approach for Sustainable Cities What is Sustainable Cities and Society Eco-friendly City

Recycling society Low-carbon city

Convenience/ Favorable living Natural symbiosis Safety and Competitiveness environment Security Low-emission and Ecological lifestyle energy-efficient economy Basic Human Needs Disaster resilience Human resources to enhance industry Community Requirements International competitive Stable rules and involvement industry norms of society

Adaptability of economy Equitable re-distribution Fair social to the changing conditions of city’s wealth system Social advancement of women Equity and Fairness Creativity 都市基盤・都市経営 都市空間 City’s own originalインフラサービス Universal access culture and identity to urban services

Infrastructure/ Urban Management Human resources Means Institutions/ Social System Economic system Urban space Infrastructure services Land Energy resources Air Global Environment Water resources Animals Plant 12 JICA’s Approach for Sustainable Cities  JICA’s challenges toward sustainable urban development

Perspective toward Sustainable Cities and Society Urban-Regional Diagnosis 1) Risk management: 2) Inclusiveness (Poverty Reduction and Alleviation of Disparities) Action List 3) Creativity 4) Urban management and infrastructure responding to the Packaging complex issues 5) A diversity of participation mechanism 6) Comprehensive and regional networking Sustainable Urban Development Program

13 Conclusion

 It is important how the cities should be in the future under rapid urbanization.  Smooth utilization of research outcomes into society is essential.  Integration of knowledge and experiences of various research fields is needed.  Holistic approach is required to tackle diverse urban issues and seek sustainable cities.  Participation of various stakeholders such as researchers, government, private sectors and citizens is indispensable.  Sharing experience and learning each other among cities may bring new ideas and solutions appropriate to each city.

14 Thank for your attention!

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