DOCSLIB.ORG

Extensive Gene Duplications in Diploid Eupatorium (Asteraceae) Title 著者 Yahara, Tetsukazu / Kawahara, Takayuki / Crawford, Daniel J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Extensive Gene Duplications in Diploid Eupatorium (Asteraceae) Title 著者 Yahara, Tetsukazu / Kawahara, Takayuki / Crawford, Daniel J Kobe University Repository : Kernel タイトル Extensive Gene Duplications in Diploid Eupatorium (Asteraceae) Title 著者 Yahara, Tetsukazu / Kawahara, Takayuki / Crawford, Daniel J. / Ito, Author(s) Motomi / Watanabe, Kuniaki 掲載誌・巻号・ページ American journal of botany,76(8):1247-1253 Citation 刊行日 1989-08 Issue date 資源タイプ Journal Article / 学術雑誌論文 Resource Type 版区分 publisher Resource Version 権利 Rights DOI JaLCDOI URL http://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/handle_kernel/90001248 PDF issue: 2021-10-04 Amer. J. Bot. 76(8): 1247-1253. 1989. EXTENSIVE GENE DUPLICATIONS IN DIPLOID EUPATORIUM (ASTERACEAE)1 TETSUKAZU YAHARA,2 TAKAYuKI KAWAHARA 2 DANIEL J. CRAWFORD,3 MOTOMI ITO,4 AND KUNIAKI WATANABE5 2BotanicalGardens, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, 1842 Hanaishi-cho, Nikko 321-14, Japan;3Department of Botany, The Ohio State University, Columbus,Ohio 43210-1293; 4MakinoHerbarium, Tokyo MetropolitanUniversity, 2-1-1 Fukazawa,Tokyo 158, Japan;and 5Biological Institute,Faculty of GeneralEducation, Kobe University, Kobe 657, Japan ABSTRACT An electrophoreticstudy of isozyme number for seven soluble enzymes revealed extensive gene duplicationsin eight diploid species of American Eupatoriumbelonging to three mor- phologicalgroups. The enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase,phosphoglucomutase, phosphoglu- cose isomerase, 6-phosphogluconatedehydrogenase, and shikimate dehydrogenaseoccur as three to six isozymes in all species, whereasthe minimal conserved numbertypical of diploid plantsis two isozymes for each. Fructose1, 6-biphosphatealdolase is expressedas multibanded patternsuggesting fixed heterozygosityin all examined species. It was not possible to document gene duplicationfor triosephosphateisomerase from the electrophoreticpatterns. All species examinedhave a chromosomenumber of 2n = 20, which has been regardedas the basic diploid number for Eupatorium.However, the detection of extensive duplicationssuggests that 2n = 10 may be the originaldiploid chromosomenumber in Eupatoriumand that plants with 2n = 20 are of polyploidorigin. This hypothesiswould mean that extensive duplicationsat isozyme geneloci have been maintainedsince the originof the genus,despite chromosomal diploidization having occurred. IT HAS BEEN documented that diploid vascular cannot be employed as the sole criterion. Iso- plants have a minimal highly conserved num- zyme number has been successfullyapplied to ber of isozymes for most of the enzymes rou- systematic questions in several plant groups. tinely examined by electrophoresis(Gottlieb, Recent studies of ferns and fern-allies have 1981a, 1982, 1983, 1984). This means that an shown that plants traditionallyviewed as poly- increasein isozyme numberfor a given enzyme ploids on the basis of high chromosome num- is the result either of gene duplication at the bers are genetically diploids at isozyme loci diploid level or of polyploidy. If a plant is (Haufler and Soltis, 1986; Haufler, 1987; D. polyploid, then it should have duplications at Soltis and P. Soltis, 1987, 1988). Using the many isozyme loci, whereas a diploid plant same criterion, Soltis et al. (1987) and Chase would exhibit much less extensive increase in and Olmstead (1988) rejected the hypothesis isozymenumber(Gottlieb,1981a, 1983,1984). that species with high chromosome numbers While inferences about whether given plants arepolyploids in the Bromeliaceaeand the sub- are diploids or polyploids have often rested tribe Oncidiinae of Orchidaceae,respectively. primarily on their chromosome numbers, On the other hand, Witter (1988) supported Gottlieb (1981b) employed isozyme number the hypothesis that plants of the Hawaiian sil- to infer the ploidy level of plants when chro- verswordalliance, in which 2n = 28, are poly- mosome data per se were inconclusive. Gott- ploid by demonstratingduplicate gene expres- lieb (198 lb) arguedthat an essential featureof sion for four soluble enzymes. polyploid is the number of genomes being ex- In this paper we reportresults of an electro- pressed, and that chromosome number alone phoretic study of isozyme number for seven enzymesfrom eight speciesof Eupatoriumwith a chromosome number of 2n = 20. This has I Received for publication 1 November 1988; revision been regardedwidely as the originalbase num- accepted2 March 1989. ber for the tribe Eupatoriae (King and Rob- We thank V. I. Sullivan for her kind help in the field. This study was partly supportedby grant no. 63041048 inson, 1970a, 1987;King et al., 1976), although from Ministry of Education, Culture and Scientific Re- a number of n = 5 has been reported for the serch, Japan. tribe (Turnerand Irwin, 1960). 1247 1248 AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY [Vol. 76 MATERIALS AND METHODS -Eight species of well established for each (Randall and Givan, Eupatoriumwere examined;the species, num- 1981 for IDH; Gottlieb, 1982; Mousdale and ber of plants studied from naturalpopulations Coggins, 1985, for SKDH). In all instances, and localities of the populationsare as follows: one isozyme occursin the plastidsand the other E. capillifolium(Lam.) Small (25, Vernon Par- is cytosolic. ish, Louisiana; 24, Guilford Co., North Car- Chloroplasticisozymes were isolated from olina); E. fistulosum J. Barratt (24, Fairfield a single plant of E. perfoliatum collected in Co., Ohio; 24, Hocking Co., Ohio); E. mac- Columbus, Ohio. The method of extracting ulatum L. (12, Franklin Co., Ohio); E. mika- intact chloroplast followed Gastony and Dar- nioides Chapman (12, Wakulla Co., Florida); row (1983) except that the chloroplasts were E. perfoliatumL. (26, FairfieldCo., Ohio; 25, not centrifugedthrough Percoll. The chloro- Hocking Co., Ohio); E. purpureum L. (24, plast-enrichedpellets were broken with the tris- FairfieldCo., Ohio);E. semiserratumDC. (24, HCIgrinding buffer (above). Activities of IDH, Evans Co., Georgia; 18, Allen Parish, Loui- 6-PGD, and SKDH were stronger in flower siana) and E. serotinum Michx. (12, Franklin buds but very weak in leaves and we could not Co., Ohio; 27, Marion Co., Indiana). For E. obtain sufficient activity of these enzymes in fistulosumand E. perfoliatum,progenies grown the chloroplast fraction from leaves. from seeds were also examined (36 from three maternalparents of E.fistulosum; and 36 from RESULTS-PGI- In all eight species, enzyme two plants of E. perfoliatum; seeds were col- activity appearedin two zones in the gels. In lected from Fairfield Co., Ohio). the chloroplast-enrichedfractions of E. per- Flower buds and a small piece of leaf ma- foliatum, isozymesin the fastermigrating (more terial of individual plants were ground in 1.0 anodal) zone only were expressed. This result ml of cold extraction buffer consisting of 0.1 agrees with all the formerly obtained results M tris-HCl,pH 7.5,20 mm 2-mercaptoethanol, on electrophoreticmobilities of PGI isozymes 1.0 mM EDTA, 10 mm KCI, 10 mM MgCl2, from various plants;i.e., the chloroplasticiso- 0.25% (v/v) triton X-100, and 15 mg PVP zyme migrates faster than the cytosolic one. (modified from Odryzykoski and Gottlieb, In the slowermigrating (more cathodal) zone, 1984). For E. capillifolium and E. mikanioi- three or five bands were detected for this di- des, fresh leaves alone were used. meric enzyme in most individuals of the eight Enzymes were resolved in 12% starch gels species examined. This suggests gene dupli- using three buffer systems. System I had a gel cation for cytosolic PGI in diploid Eupato- bufferof 0.033 M tris, 0.005 M citric acid, 0.004 rium. Among progenies grown from a single M lithium hydroxideand 0.3 M boric acid with maternal parent of E. fistulosum, three phe- the pH adjustedto 7.6 and an electrode buffer notypes segregatedin the more cathodal zone of 0.039 M tris and 0.263 M boric acid with the (1-3 in Fig. IA and Fig. 2); one pattern with pH adjusted to 8.0 (P. Soltis and D. Soltis, a seemingly single heavily staining band (1 in 1987). System II had an electrodebuffer of 0.5 Fig. 1 and 2), one phenotypehaving three bands M tris, 0.016 M EDTA and 0.57 M boric acid consisting of a fast migratingvery faint, a slow with the pH adjustedto 8.0. The gel bufferwas migratingvery dark, and a band intermediate a 1:9 dilution of the electrode buffer. System in both mobility and staining intensity (2 in III consisted of an electrode of 0.065 M L- Fig. 1 and 2), and the last pattern having six histidine (free base) and 0.007 M citric acid bands (3 in Fig. 1 and 2). The first phenotype (monohydrate) adjusted to pH 6.5. The gel is interpretedas having three bands that mi- bufferwas a 1:3 dilution of the electrodebuffer grate very closely and the most anodally mi- (Cardy,Sturber, and Goodman, 1981). gratingband is very faint (see dots in Fig. IA System I resolved fructose 1, 6-biphosphate and Fig. 2-1). Also, among progenies grown aldolase (ALD, EC 4.2.1.3), phosphoglucoiso- from a single maternal parent of E. perfolia- merase (PGI, EC 5.3.1.9) and triosephosphate tum, three- and five-banded phenotypes seg- isomerase (TPI, EC 5.3.1.1). System II re- regated in the more cathodal zone (Fig. iB, solved phosphoglucomutase (PGM, EC Fig. 2-4, 2-5). These patternssuggest that fixed 2.7.5.1). System III was employed to resolve heterozygositydue to duplicated gene loci for isocitrate dehydrogenase(IDH, EC 1.1.1.42), cytosolic PGI isozyme occur in E. fistulosum 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD, and E. perfoliatum. In both species, three- EC 1.1.1.44) and shikimate dehydrogenase banded phenotypes have one faint band, and (SKDH, EC 1.1.1.25). Staining schedules fol- the same pattern was seen in E. mikanioides lowed Soltis et al. (1983). Enzymes for study (Fig. I E), in which one faint band of the three- were selected because the minimal conserved banded phenotype migrated near to a band numberof isozymes in diploid plants has been representinga chloroplasticisozyme. By com- August 1989] YAHARA ET AL. -GENE DUPLICATIONS IN EUPATORIUM 1249 A B~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~A F G I .40 Fig. 1. Electrophoreticpatterns of six solubleisozymes in diploidspecies of Eupatorium.(A-E) PGI, A, E.fistulosum; B, E. perfoliatum;C, E. semniserratum,D, E. capillifolium,E, E. mikanioldes.(F-I) PGM; F, E.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • "National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary."
    Intro 1996 National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands The Fish and Wildlife Service has prepared a National List of Vascular Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1996 National Summary (1996 National List). The 1996 National List is a draft revision of the National List of Plant Species That Occur in Wetlands: 1988 National Summary (Reed 1988) (1988 National List). The 1996 National List is provided to encourage additional public review and comments on the draft regional wetland indicator assignments. The 1996 National List reflects a significant amount of new information that has become available since 1988 on the wetland affinity of vascular plants. This new information has resulted from the extensive use of the 1988 National List in the field by individuals involved in wetland and other resource inventories, wetland identification and delineation, and wetland research. Interim Regional Interagency Review Panel (Regional Panel) changes in indicator status as well as additions and deletions to the 1988 National List were documented in Regional supplements. The National List was originally developed as an appendix to the Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin et al.1979) to aid in the consistent application of this classification system for wetlands in the field.. The 1996 National List also was developed to aid in determining the presence of hydrophytic vegetation in the Clean Water Act Section 404 wetland regulatory program and in the implementation of the swampbuster provisions of the Food Security Act. While not required by law or regulation, the Fish and Wildlife Service is making the 1996 National List available for review and comment.
    [Show full text]
  • Tomo Kahni State Historic Park Tour Notes – Flora
    Tomo Kahni State Historic Park Tour Notes – Flora Version 3.0 April 2019 Compiled by: Georgette Theotig Cynthia Waldman Tech Support: Jeanne Hamrick Plant List by Color - 1 Page Common Name Genus/Species Family Kawaisuu Name White Flowers 6 White Fiesta Flower Pholistoma membranaceum Borage (Boraginaceae) kaawanavi 6 Seaside Heliotrope Heliotropium curassavicum Borage (Boraginaceae) 6 California Manroot Marah fabacea Cucumber (Cucurbitaceae) parivibi 7 Stinging Nettles Urtica dioica Goosefoot (Urticaceae) kwichizi ataa (Bad Plate) 7 White Whorl Lupine Lupinus microcarpus var. densiflorus Legume/Pea (Fabaceae) 7 Mariposa Lily (white) Calochortus venustus Lily (Liliaceae) 7 Mariposa Lily (pinkish-white) Calochortus invenustus Lily (Liliaceae) 8 Wild Tobacco Nicotiana quadrivalvis Nightshade (Solanaceae) Soo n di 8 Wild Celery Apium graveolens Parsley (Umbelliferae) n/a Bigelow’s Linanthus Linanthus bigelovii Phlox (Polemoniaceae) 8 Linanthus Phlox Phlox (Polemoniaceae) 8 Evening Snow Linanthus dichotomus Phlox (Polemoniaceae) tutuvinivi 9 Miner’s Lettuce Claytonia perfoliata Miner’s Lettuce (Montiaceae) Uutuk a ribi 9 Thyme-leaf Spurge (aka Thyme-leaf Sandmat) Euphorbia serpyllifolia Spurge (Euphorbiaceae) tivi kagivi 9 Pale Yellow Layia Layia heterotricha Sunflower (Asteraceae) 9 Tidy Tips Layia glandulosa Sunflower (Asteraceae) April 8, 2019 Tomo Kahni Flora – Tour Notes Page 1 Plant List by Color – 2 Page Common Name Genus/Species Family Kawaisuu Name Yellow Flowers 10 Fiddleneck Amsinckia tessellata Borage (Boraginaceae) tiva nibi 10
    [Show full text]
  • The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts
    The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: The Vascular Plants of Massachusetts: A County Checklist • First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Somers Bruce Sorrie and Paul Connolly, Bryan Cullina, Melissa Dow Revision • First A County Checklist Plants of Massachusetts: Vascular The A County Checklist First Revision Melissa Dow Cullina, Bryan Connolly, Bruce Sorrie and Paul Somers Massachusetts Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program The Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program (NHESP), part of the Massachusetts Division of Fisheries and Wildlife, is one of the programs forming the Natural Heritage network. NHESP is responsible for the conservation and protection of hundreds of species that are not hunted, fished, trapped, or commercially harvested in the state. The Program's highest priority is protecting the 176 species of vertebrate and invertebrate animals and 259 species of native plants that are officially listed as Endangered, Threatened or of Special Concern in Massachusetts. Endangered species conservation in Massachusetts depends on you! A major source of funding for the protection of rare and endangered species comes from voluntary donations on state income tax forms. Contributions go to the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Fund, which provides a portion of the operating budget for the Natural Heritage & Endangered Species Program. NHESP protects rare species through biological inventory,
    [Show full text]
  • A Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists
    L Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists. TTTEN & BOULGER, A BIOaEAPHICAL INDEX OF BKITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS. BIOGRAPHICAL INDEX OF BRITISH AND IRISH BOTANISTS COMPILED BY JAMES BEITTEN, F.L.S. SENIOR ASSISTANT, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, BBITISH MUSEUM AKD G. S. BOULGEE, E.L. S., F. G. S. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY, CITY OF LONDON COLLEGE LONDON WEST, NEWMAN & CO 54 HATTON GARDEN 1893 LONDON PRINTED BY WEST, NEWMAN AND HATTON GAEDEN PEEFACE. A FEW words of explanation as to the object and scope of this Index may fitly appear as an introduction to the work. It is intended mainly as a guide to further information, and not as a bibliography or biography. We have been liberal in including all who have in any way contributed to the literature of Botany, who have made scientific collections of plants, or have otherwise assisted directly in the progress of Botany, exclusive of pure Horticulture. We have not, as a rule, included those who were merely patrons of workers, or those known only as contributing small details to a local Flora. Where known, the name is followed by the years of birth and death, which, when uncertain, are marked with a ? or c. [circa) ; or merely approximate dates of "flourishing" are given. Then follows the place and day of bu'th and death, and the place of burial ; a brief indication of social position or occupation, espe- cially in the cases of artisan botanists and of professional collectors; chief university degrees, or other titles or offices held, and dates of election to the Linnean and Eoyal Societies.
    [Show full text]
  • Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
    Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese
    [Show full text]
  • Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae
    SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII.
    [Show full text]
  • San Luis Obispo County
    Figure 1. Alternating fields of purple and gold in the Temblor Range. Figure 2. Poa secunda emerges from a solid layer of goldfields. Photo: Photo: Jennifer Buck-Diaz Diana Hickson VISITING CALIFORNIA’S GRASSLANDS: The Shifting Mosaic of Carrizo Plain by Jennifer Buck-Diaz1, Vegetation Ecologist, California Native Plant Society, [email protected] Spring has sprung, and for those who love sweeping vistas of slopes that come alive in the early spring. In certain years, you native California wildflowers, excitement is in the air. At the can investigate alternating, almost pure stands of purple top of my list of places to see showy grasslands in the state is Phacelia and gold Monolopia (Fig. 1), each thriving on a the Carrizo Plain. Each year brings a unique display to this particular combination of slope, aspect, and soil profile. Keep amazing semi-desert landscape. The plain is located in your eyes open for blazing patches of desert candle (Caulanthus northeastern San Luis Obispo County, and a large portion of inflatus) and flat terraces of the fragrant thistle sage (Salvia it is managed by the Bureau of Land Management as a carduacea) above ephemeral streams. Swing over to the other national monument. side of the Plain to climb the low hills of the Caliente Range, where you can step lightly through dense carpets of blue grass At 50 miles long and 15 miles across, you will have plenty of (Poa secunda) (Fig. 2) and waving patches of needlegrass (Stipa room to spread out and explore the myriad of grassland types cernua). that assemble in this region.
    [Show full text]
  • Bay Leaf July-August 2001
    The January 2002 Bay Leaf California Native Plant Society • East Bay Chapter • Alameda & Contra Costa Counties Calendar of Events Wednesday, January 2 Wednesday, January 23 Chapter Board meeting, home of Joe Willingham, 2512 Membership Meeting, see below Etna St. Berkeley, 7:30 p.m. Saturday January 26 Saturdays, January 5, February 2 Field Trip to Huckleberry Regional Park, p. 3 Native Plant Restoration Team, p. 3 Tuesdays, January 8, 15, 22, 29 Plant Sale, p. 3 Membership Meeting Please Note Location: Garden Room, Orinda Library ecology, unique flowers, and other organisms of vernal (directions below) pools. Her photo tour includes pools from around the state and from a variety of geomorphic settings, includ- Speaker: Carol Witham ing some of the finest remaining examples of vernal pools in California. She will also discuss threats to the The Ecology and Conservation of Vernal Pools continued existence of our vernal pools: those of eastern Merced County are severely threatened by the proposed From the cracked mud and seemingly barren plains University of California Merced campus, those of Mather comes an eruption of color on the alluvial terraces of the Field in Sacramento County are threatened by gravel eastern edge of the Great Valley of California and the mining. surrounding lower foothills. Rainbows of color bloom in a succession of concentric rings around drying vernal Carol Witham, editor of Ecology, Conservation, and pools—small, rain-filled depressions above an imperme- Management of Vernal Pool Ecosystems, is a life member of able layer of clay hardpan or volcanic material that CNPS who is active with the Sacramento Valley Chapter prevents the water from percolating.
    [Show full text]
  • Gardening with California Desert Tortoises
    GARDENING WITH CALIFORNIA DESERT TORTOISES (Gopherus agassizi) Theodore Payne Foundation for Wild Flowers & Native Plants 10459 Tuxford Street, Sun Valley, CA 91352 | 818 768-1802 | theodorepayne.org TP Desert Tortoise Mixture includes seeds for seven different native plant species, including many of those below. CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANTS NON-NATIVE PLANTS (A) = Annual wildflower: sow in fall Mulberry leaves Atriplex polycarpa (cattle spinach) Rose petals Baileya multiradiata (desert marigold) Geraniums Bouteloua curtipendula (side oats grama) Hibiscus flowers Castilleja exserta Dandelion leaves and flowers* Chilopsis linearis flowers (desert willow) Sow thistle* Eriogonum fasciculatum (CA buckwheat) Filaree* Lasthenia californica (goldfields) (A) Bermuda grass* Layia platyglossa (tidy tips) (A) St. Augustine grass* Layia glandulosa (white tidy tips) (A) Mediterranean grass* Malacothrix glabrata (desert dandelion) (A) Stinging nettle* Opuntia basilaris (beavertail cactus) Common mallow/cheeseweed* Chickweed* Phacelia distans (distant phacelia) (A) Phacelia tanacetifolia (lacy phacelia) (A) *These plants are invasive weeds in Salvia columbariae (chia) (A) California. Allow tortoises to forage on pre- Sphaeralcea ambigua (apricot mallow) existing material, but do not intentionally Stipa hymenoides (Indian rice grass) plant these. If desperate for these plants, Stipa speciosa (desert needlegrass) volunteer with a local non-profit (TPF, CNPS, Vitis girdiana (California desert grape) etc.) for the opportunity to help remove Xylorhiza tortifolia (Mojave aster) these plants from wild area TIPS Dandelion greens, as well as pre-cleaned cactus pads (nopales) and fruit (tunas) are available at certain grocery stores, such as Super King, Vallarta and Sunland Produce. once or twice a week in the form of cuttlebone (with hard backing removed) or boiled, ground eggshell. Mimic a rainstorm every couple of weeks, allowing puddles to form near your tortoise.
    [Show full text]
  • Family Taxon Common Lifeform Status ADOXACEAE Sambucus Nigra Ssp. Caerulea Blue Elderberry Shrub Native AGAVACEAE Chlorogalum Sp
    family taxon common lifeform status ADOXACEAE Sambucus nigra ssp. caerulea Blue elderberry Shrub native AGAVACEAE Chlorogalum sp soaproot Perennial herb native AGAVACEAE Hesperoyucca whipplei Chaparral yucca Shrub native AIZOACEAE Drosanthemum sp. Dewflower, iceplant Perennial herb non-native ANACARDIACEAE Malosma laurina Laurel sumac Tree, Shrub native ANACARDIACEAE Toxicodendron diversilobum Poison oak Vine, Shrub native APIACEAE Apiastrum angustifolium Wild celery Annual herb native APIACEAE Conium maculatum Poison hemlock Perennial herb invasive non-native APIACEAE Daucus pusillus Wild carrot Annual herb native APIACEAE Foeniculum vulgare Fennel Perennial herb invasive non-native APIACEAE Sanicula arguta Sharp toothed snakeroot Perennial herb native APOCYNACEAE Nerium oleander Oleander Shrub non-native ARECACEAE Washingtonia robusta Washington fan palm Tree invasive non-native ASTERACEAE Ambrosia psilostachya Ragweed Perennial herb native ASTERACEAE Artemisia californica Coastal sage brush Shrub native ASTERACEAE Artemisia douglasiana California mugwort Perennial herb native ASTERACEAE Artemisia palmeri San diego sagewort Shrub native ASTERACEAE Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush Shrub native ASTERACEAE Baccharis salicifolia ssp. salicifolia Mule fat Shrub native ASTERACEAE Brickellia californica California brickellia Perennial herb native Carduus pycnocephalus ssp. ASTERACEAE pycnocephalus Italian thistle Annual herb non-native ASTERACEAE Centaurea melitensis Tocalote Annual herb invasive non-native ASTERACEAE Chaenactis artemisiifolia
    [Show full text]
  • Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List
    Arizona Department of Water Resources Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Official Regulatory List for the Phoenix Active Management Area Fourth Management Plan Arizona Department of Water Resources 1110 West Washington St. Ste. 310 Phoenix, AZ 85007 www.azwater.gov 602-771-8585 Phoenix Active Management Area Low-Water-Use/Drought-Tolerant Plant List Acknowledgements The Phoenix AMA list was prepared in 2004 by the Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR) in cooperation with the Landscape Technical Advisory Committee of the Arizona Municipal Water Users Association, comprised of experts from the Desert Botanical Garden, the Arizona Department of Transporation and various municipal, nursery and landscape specialists. ADWR extends its gratitude to the following members of the Plant List Advisory Committee for their generous contribution of time and expertise: Rita Jo Anthony, Wild Seed Judy Mielke, Logan Simpson Design John Augustine, Desert Tree Farm Terry Mikel, U of A Cooperative Extension Robyn Baker, City of Scottsdale Jo Miller, City of Glendale Louisa Ballard, ASU Arboritum Ron Moody, Dixileta Gardens Mike Barry, City of Chandler Ed Mulrean, Arid Zone Trees Richard Bond, City of Tempe Kent Newland, City of Phoenix Donna Difrancesco, City of Mesa Steve Priebe, City of Phornix Joe Ewan, Arizona State University Janet Rademacher, Mountain States Nursery Judy Gausman, AZ Landscape Contractors Assn. Rick Templeton, City of Phoenix Glenn Fahringer, Earth Care Cathy Rymer, Town of Gilbert Cheryl Goar, Arizona Nurssery Assn. Jeff Sargent, City of Peoria Mary Irish, Garden writer Mark Schalliol, ADOT Matt Johnson, U of A Desert Legum Christy Ten Eyck, Ten Eyck Landscape Architects Jeff Lee, City of Mesa Gordon Wahl, ADWR Kirti Mathura, Desert Botanical Garden Karen Young, Town of Gilbert Cover Photo: Blooming Teddy bear cholla (Cylindropuntia bigelovii) at Organ Pipe Cactus National Monutment.
    [Show full text]
  • Field Release of the Hoverfly Cheilosia Urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae)
    USDA iiillllllllll United States Department of Field release of the hoverfly Agriculture Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Marketing and Regulatory Syrphidae) for biological Programs control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Field release of the hoverfly Cheilosia urbana (Diptera: Syrphidae) for biological control of invasive Pilosella species hawkweeds (Asteraceae) in the contiguous United States. Environmental Assessment, July 2019 Agency Contact: Colin D. Stewart, Assistant Director Pests, Pathogens, and Biocontrol Permits Plant Protection and Quarantine Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service U.S. Department of Agriculture 4700 River Rd., Unit 133 Riverdale, MD 20737 Non-Discrimination Policy The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the bases of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) To File an Employment Complaint If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency's EEO Counselor (PDF) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or in the case of a personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. To File a Program Complaint If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form (PDF), found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html, or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form.
    [Show full text]