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Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 5(1) 2017. Rod Colchicum L. (Colchicaceae) u flori Hrvatske izvorni znanstveni članak / original scientific paper Milenko Milović (Gimnazija Antuna Vrančića, Put Gimnazije 64, Medicinska škola, Ante Šupuka bb, HR-22000 Šibenik, Hrvatska; [email protected]) Milović, M. (2017): Rod Colchicum L. (Colchicaceae) u flori Hrvatske. Glas. Hrvat. bot. druš. 5(1): 20-31. Sažetak U bazi podataka Flora Hrvatske (FCD) rod visianii i C. kochii kao samostalnih entiteta već Colchicum dosad je bio zastupljen sa sedam svojti. su obje uključene u jednu šire shvaćenu vrstu C. Za dvije je bila dvojbena prisutnost u Hrvatskoj (C. haynaldii Heuffel koja je rasprostranjena na većem arenarium Waldst. et Kit. i C. cupanii Guss.), a za dijelu Balkana. Također je potvrđeno da vrsta C. dvije taksonomski status (C. kochii Parl. i C. visianii bivonae Guss. dolazi u Hrvatskoj, ali je zastupljena Parl.). Nakon provedene literaturne revizije predlaže samo na nekoliko lokaliteta u sjevernom dijelu se uklanjanje vrsta C. arenarium, C. cupanii i C. jadranskog primorja. Prethodno objavljeni nalazi neapolitanum (Ten.) Ten. koje prema dosadašnjim mrazovca u Dalmaciji pod imenima C. bivonae saznanjima ne dolaze na teritoriju Hrvatske. i C. neapolitanum su po svemu sudeći pogrešni Utvrđeno je da vrsta C. doerfleri Halácsy, dosad jer pripadaju C. haynaldii agg. Literaturna revizija smatrana sinonimom vrste C. hungaricum Janka, je pokazala da je rod Colchicum u flori Hrvatske dolazi u Hrvatskoj (Velebit), pa je treba uvrstiti kao zastupljen sa šest vrsta: C. autumnale L., C. samostalnu vrstu u popis hrvatske flore. Primjenom bivonae Guss., C, doerfleri Halácsy, C. kochii Parl., molekularnih metoda osporen je tretman svojti C. C. visianii Parl. i C. hungaricum Janka. Ključne riječi: rod Colchicum, revizija, flora Hrvatske Milović, M. (2017): The genus Colchicum L. (Colchicaceae) in the flora of Croatia. Glas. Hrvat. bot. druš. 5(1): 20-31. Abstract Until now, the genus Colchicum L. (Colchicaceae) molecular methods, it was found that there is no has been represented by seven taxa in the Flora justification for treatment ofC. visianii and C. kochii Croatica Database (FCD). For two species (C. as independent taxa, but both of them are included arenarium Waldst. et Kit. and C. cupanii Guss.) in a widely understood species C. haynaldii the appearance in Croatia was doubtful and for Heuffel, distributed in most parts of the Balkans. two other (C. kochii Parl. and C. visianii Parl.) Additionally, it was found that C. bivonae Guss. taxonomic status was questionable. In this paper a occurs in Croatia, and until now it is found only in detailed review of this genus in Croatian flora was a few localities in the northern part of the Adriatic carried out. After the audit, it is proposed to exclude coast. Former findings of colchicums from Dalmatia from the list the three taxa (C. arenarium, C. cupanii noted as C. bivonae and C. neapolitanum are found and C. neapolitanum (Ten.) Ten.), because they as misidentifications and both of them properly do not occur on Croatian territory according to belong to C. haynaldii agg. Following the literature current knowledge. It was found that C. doerfleri revision the genus Colchicum is represented by six Halácsy, previously treated only as a synonym of taxa in Croatian flora: C. autumnale L., C. bivonae C. hungaricum Janka, occurs in Croatia (Velebit). Guss., C. doerfleri Halácsy, C. kochii Parl., C. Therefore, it should be included in the list of Croatian visianii Parl. i C. hungaricum Janka. flora as an independent species. By applying the Key words: Colchicum, revision, flora of Croatia Uvod Rod Colchicum L. pripada redu Liliales i porodici na području Europe (Sredozemlje) i Azije (Irano- Colchicaceae. Sadrži oko 100 svojti koje dolaze turansko područje), sa središtem raznolikosti na 20 Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 5(1) 2017. području Grčke (oko 31 svojta) i Turske (oko 42 za područje Dalmacije navodi samo dvije svojte svojte) (Persson 1999, 2007, Fridlender i sur., roda Colchicum (C. bivonae Guss. i C. bertolonii 2014). Nakon prve obrade roda Colchicum i srodnih Stev.), u djelu Flora Croatica, Schlosser i rodova u 19. stoljeću (Baker 1879), prva i jedina Vukotinović (1869: 1105) uz navedene dvije vrste modernija monografija rodaColchicum objavljena (C. variegatum Biv. (= C. bivonae) i C. bertolonii) je prije devedeset godina (Stefanoff 1926). Nakon navode još i C. autumnale. U ekskurzijskoj flori toga je nekoliko autora izvršilo reviziju svojti roda Hrvatske, Domac (1994) navodi četiri svojte, Colchicum u pojedinim dijelovima areala: Italija Hršak (2000) u Index Florae Croaticae šest svojti, (D’Amato 1955, 1957a,1957b), Srednji Istok a samo godinu dana poslije Hršak (2001) revidira (Feinbrun1953, 1958), Europa (Brickell 1980, popis (Tab. 1) sukladno promjenama koje donosi 1986), Turska (Brickell 1984, Persson 2001), Iran Persson (1999) u reviziji roda za područje Balkana. (Persson 1992), Balkan (Persson 1999, Fridlender U bazi podataka Flora Hrvatske (Nikolić 2016) i sur. 2014). U najnovije vrijeme objavljeni su rod Colchicum je zastupljen s ukupno sedam svojti nomenklaturni sinopsis (Persson 2007) i prva (Tab. 1). Ovaj popis se temelji na prijedlogu Hršaka filogenetska analiza roda Colchicum (Persson i (2000) koji je sadržavao šest svojti (Tab. 1), a kao sur. 2011). Za razumijevanje odnosa vrsta u rodu sedma svojta je dodan C. cupanii Guss. U FCD nema Colchicum u Hrvatskoj najveće značenje ima podataka o nalazima C. cupanii u Hrvatskoj, pa se rad Persson (1999) u kojem su objavljene nove ta svojta zajedno s vrstom C. arenarium navodi kao vrste za područje Grčke te revizija nekih svojti s dvojbena. Cilj ovoga rada bio je revidirati sadašnji područja Balkana. Fridlender i sur. (2014) daju popis svojti roda Colchicum u Hrvatskoj kako bi se svoj pogled na odnose C. autumnale L. s.l. i C. uskladio s najnovijim nomenklaturnim rješenjima neapolitanum (Ten.) Ten. s.l. s taksonomskim (Goaverts i Persson 2016), a istovremeno pokušati rješenjima za svojte s histerantnim listovima razriješiti status svojti čija je prisutnost dvojbena. na području uz Jadransko more koji se dijelom Dodatni cilj bio je izrada ključa za determinaciju svojti razlikuju od predloženih u Persson (1999). koje dolaze u Hrvatskoj. U 19. stoljeću Visiani (1842: 156, 1872: 36) Tablica 1. Promjene u tretmanu roda Colchicum u flori Hrvatske u zadnjih 20-tak godina. Domac (1994) Hršak (2000) Hršak (2001) Nikolić (2016) C. autumnale C. arenarium C. arenarium C. arenarium C. hungaricum C. autumnale C. autumnale C. autumnale C. kochii C. hungaricum C. bivonae C. cupanii C. visianii C. kochii C. haynaldii C. hungaricum - C. neapolitanum C. hungaricum C. kochii - C. visianii C. neapolitanum C. neapolitanum - - - C. visianii Materijali i metode Kao polazište za analizu roda Colchicum u Nomenklatura svojti u revidiranom popisu Hrvatskoj poslužio je dosadašnji popis svojti i podatci usklađena je prema najnovijim nomenklaturno- o njihovim nalazištima u FCD-u (Nikolić 2016). taksonomskim rješenjima prema Persson (2007) Analizirana je literatura u kojoj se navode svojte koje i Goaverts i Persson (2016). Za izradu ključa za dolaze na području Hrvatske (Visiani 1842, 1872, determinaciju korišteni su opisi vrsta i ključevi iz Schlosser i Vukotinović 1869, Hayek 1933, Degen različitih flora (Hayek 1933, Domac 1994, Brickell 1936, Domac 1994, Hršak 2000, 2001), kao i rezultati 1980, 1986, Pignatti 1982) te dijagnostičke osobine najnovijih filogenetskih istraživanja (Persson 1999, iz novijih taksonomskih radova (Persson 1999). 2007, Persson i sur. 2011, Fridlender i sur. 2014) koji Fotografije mrazovaca prikazane na Sl. 5-8 snimio se odnose na svojte zastupljene u Hrvatskoj. je autor rada. 21 Glasnik Hrvatskog botaničkog društva 5(1) 2017. Rezultati i rasprava C. hungaricum, a ne na vrstu C. cupanii. Od sedam svojti roda Colchicum u sadašnjem C. cupanii Guss. (= C. bertolonii Stev.) popisu u FCD-u (Tab. 1), dvije su svojte sa sinantnim listovima, tj. razvijaju se istovremeno s cvjetovima Areal vrste C. cupanii obuhvaća južne dijelove (C. hungaricum Janka i C. cupanii), a pet svojti je Balkana (Crna Gora, Albanija, Grčka), egejske otoke s histerantnim listovima tj. cvjetaju u jesen, a listovi do Krete, Maltu, Francusku, Italiju, Sardiniju(?), se razvijaju sljedeće proljeće (C. arenarium, C. Siciliju i sjeverozapadnu Afriku (Persson 2007). Uz autumnale, C. kochii Parl., C. neapolitanum i C. tipičnu podvrstu koja dolazi u većem dijelu areala, visianii Parl.). u južnom dijelu Balkana (Crna Gora, Albanija i Grčka) zastupljena je podvrsta C. cupanii Guss. Svojte sinantnih listova u hrvatskoj flori ssp. glossophyllum (Heldr.) Rouy, koja je manjeg rasta, užih listova i intenzivnije obojenih cvjetova Svojte mrazovaca u kojih se listovi pojavljuju (ljubičasto do ružičasto-crvenkasti). istovremeno s cvjetovima. Na području Hrvatske Iako je uvrštena u FCD, svojta C. cupanii navodi ove su svojte označavane različitim nazivima pri se kao dvojbena jer nema provjerenih podataka čemu je dolazilo i do njihove zamjene u dosta o nalazima na području Hrvatske. Svi dosadašnji isprepletenoj sinonimici. U sadašnjem popisu u literaturni navodi i herbarijski primjerci označeni FCD-u (Nikolić 2016) navode se dvije svojte, C. nazivom C. cupanii u stvarnosti se odnose na vrstu hungaricum i C. cupanii. Uz C. cupanii se navodi C. hungaricum. Tako Radić (1974) navodi pogrešno da je prisutnost u Hrvatskoj dvojbena. C. cupanii (= C. bertolonii) za Biokovo, a dvije godine U
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