Temporary & Permanent Erosion & Sediment Control Measure
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The Role of Geosynthetics in Erosion and Sediment Control: an Overview
Geotextiles and Geomembranes I I (1992) 535-550 The Role of Geosynthetics in Erosion and Sediment Control: An Overview M. S. Theisen Erosion Control Materials, Synthetic Industries, Construction Products Division, 4019 Industry Drive, Chattanooga, Tennessee 37416, USA ABSTRACT The use ofgeosynthetic erosion and sediment materials continues to expand at a rapid pace. From their early beginnings in the late 1950s, geosynthetic materials today are the backbone of the erosion and sediment control industry. Geosynthetic components are an integral part of erosion and sediment materials ranging from temporary products such as hydraulic mulch geofibers, plastic erosion control meshes and nettings, erosion control blankets and silt fences to high performance turf reinforcement mats, geocellular confinement systems, erosion control geotextiles andfabric formed revetments. This paper provides a brief overview of these materials and concepts. INTRODUCTION Hopefully we are entering a new environmental era where concern for the protection of our planet's natural resources will reach global proportions. Continued technological advances have led to improved monitoring of Earth's vital signs. As such, prior theoretical modeling of environmental concerns such as the greenhouse effect, ozone depletion, rising sea levels, deforestation, drought, accelerated erosion, sediment loading of waterways, species extinction and the eventual downfall of mankind appear chillingly realistic. 535 536 M. S. Theisen Slogans such as 'Think globally, act locally', 'Love your mother' and 'Someone always lives downstream' are spearheading the efforts of numerous preservation groups. With the continued demise of oppressive governments, optimism for world peace and an unprecedented feeling of global unity, a spirit of environmental cooperation is beginning to prevail. -
Sediment Transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: an Overview
Marine Geology 345 (2013) 3–17 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Marine Geology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/margeo Sediment transport in the San Francisco Bay Coastal System: An overview Patrick L. Barnard a,⁎, David H. Schoellhamer b,c, Bruce E. Jaffe a, Lester J. McKee d a U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA b U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA c University of California, Davis, USA d San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, CA, USA article info abstract Article history: The papers in this special issue feature state-of-the-art approaches to understanding the physical processes Received 29 March 2012 related to sediment transport and geomorphology of complex coastal–estuarine systems. Here we focus on Received in revised form 9 April 2013 the San Francisco Bay Coastal System, extending from the lower San Joaquin–Sacramento Delta, through the Accepted 13 April 2013 Bay, and along the adjacent outer Pacific Coast. San Francisco Bay is an urbanized estuary that is impacted by Available online 20 April 2013 numerous anthropogenic activities common to many large estuaries, including a mining legacy, channel dredging, aggregate mining, reservoirs, freshwater diversion, watershed modifications, urban run-off, ship traffic, exotic Keywords: sediment transport species introductions, land reclamation, and wetland restoration. The Golden Gate strait is the sole inlet 9 3 estuaries connecting the Bay to the Pacific Ocean, and serves as the conduit for a tidal flow of ~8 × 10 m /day, in addition circulation to the transport of mud, sand, biogenic material, nutrients, and pollutants. -
Audubon Bend Gravel Road Repair Gavins Point Dam, SD
SPECIFICATIONS & DRAWINGS (Purchase Order - For Construction Contract) Solicitation Number W9128F21Q0018 ____________________________________________________________ Audubon Bend Gravel Road Repair Gavins Point Dam, SD March 2021 US Army Corps of Engineers Omaha District This page was intentionally left blank for duplex printing. AUDUBON BEND GRAVEL ROAD REPAIR GAVINS POINT DAM, SD PROJECT TABLE OF CONTENTS DIVISION 00 - PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS 00 10 00-3 PRICING SCHEDULE STATEMENT OF WORK 00 73 00 SUPPLEMENTARY CONDITIONS (SPECIAL CONTRACT REQUIREMENTS)FOR PURCHASE ORDERS DIVISION 01 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 01 22 00 MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT 01 33 00 SUBMITTAL PROCEDURES 01 41 26.02 24 (NEBRASKA) NPDES PERMIT REQUIREMENTS FOR STORM WATER DISCHARGES FROM CONSTRUCTION SITES 01 57 20.00 10 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 01 57 23 TEMPORARY STORM WATER POLLUTION CONTROL DRAWINGS -- End of Project Table of Contents -- Page 1 This page was intentionally left blank for duplex printing. Audubon Bend Gravel Road Repairs, Gavins Point Dam, NE GP82 SECTION 00 10 00 PRICING SCHEDULE CLIN DESCRIPTION QTY UNIT UNIT PRICE AMOUNT BASE ITEMS 0001 Mobilization and Demobilization 1 JOB XXX $_______________ Blade entire length of road surface prior to placing gravel to smooth out 0002 1 JOB XXX $_______________ scour holes, rebuild crown. Includes areas over culverts. – 4,750 FEET Reset existing 24’’ CMP with flared 0003 ends to properly drain to North East – 1 JOB XXX $_______________ 1 EACH. Install new USACE provided 48’’ 0004 culvert with flared end (includes trees’ 1 JOB XXX $_______________ removal as necessary) – 1 EACH. Reconstruct approximately 270’ of 0005 eroded road at the existing culvert 720 CY $_______________ $_______________ (includes sodding and seeding). -
The Evolution of Geosynthetics in Erosion and Sediment Control
Presented at GRI-25, Geosynthetics Research Institute, Long Beach, CA, 2013 THE EVOLUTION OF GEOSYNTHETICS IN EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL C. Joel Sprague TRI/Environmental, Inc., Greenville, SC ABSTRACT Much of the development of geosynthetics technology in environmental applications has been in response to government regulations. This is certainly true for geosynthetics used in erosion and sediment control. Geosynthetics continue to replace traditional materials such as soil and stone in performing important engineering functions in erosion and sediment control applications while simultaneously introducing greater versatility and cost-effectiveness. Geosynthetics are widely used as a “carrier” for degradable materials to the enhancement of vegetative establishment; as nondegradable materials to extend the erosion control limits of vegetation or soil; as primary slope or channel linings; as components in silt fences and turbidity curtains; and as a component in an ever growing array of sediment retention devices. Along with the introduction of geosynthetics into this wide range of applications has come the need for industry-wide initiatives to promote their correct use and new test methods to characterize them. All of which, are a “work in progress”. THE NEED FOR EROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROLS Much of the development of geosynthetics technology related to erosion and sediment control applications has been in response to government regulations. A progression of regulatory actions has brought a national focus on erosion and sediment control, including: Amendments to the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (1985) - eliminating discharge of any pollutant to navigable waters. The Clean Water Act (1987) - requiring National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permits for large construction sites. -
Progressive and Regressive Soil Evolution Phases in the Anthropocene
Progressive and regressive soil evolution phases in the Anthropocene Manon Bajard, Jérôme Poulenard, Pierre Sabatier, Anne-Lise Develle, Charline Giguet- Covex, Jeremy Jacob, Christian Crouzet, Fernand David, Cécile Pignol, Fabien Arnaud Highlights • Lake sediment archives are used to reconstruct past soil evolution. • Erosion is quantified and the sediment geochemistry is compared to current soils. • We observed phases of greater erosion rates than soil formation rates. • These negative soil balance phases are defined as regressive pedogenesis phases. • During the Middle Ages, the erosion of increasingly deep horizons rejuvenated pedogenesis. Abstract Soils have a substantial role in the environment because they provide several ecosystem services such as food supply or carbon storage. Agricultural practices can modify soil properties and soil evolution processes, hence threatening these services. These modifications are poorly studied, and the resilience/adaptation times of soils to disruptions are unknown. Here, we study the evolution of pedogenetic processes and soil evolution phases (progressive or regressive) in response to human-induced erosion from a 4000-year lake sediment sequence (Lake La Thuile, French Alps). Erosion in this small lake catchment in the montane area is quantified from the terrigenous sediments that were trapped in the lake and compared to the soil formation rate. To access this quantification, soil processes evolution are deciphered from soil and sediment geochemistry comparison. Over the last 4000 years, first impacts on soils are recorded at approximately 1600 yr cal. BP, with the erosion of surface horizons exceeding 10 t·km− 2·yr− 1. Increasingly deep horizons were eroded with erosion accentuation during the Higher Middle Ages (1400–850 yr cal. -
Sediment and Sedimentary Rocks
Sediment and sedimentary rocks • Sediment • From sediments to sedimentary rocks (transportation, deposition, preservation and lithification) • Types of sedimentary rocks (clastic, chemical and organic) • Sedimentary structures (bedding, cross-bedding, graded bedding, mud cracks, ripple marks) • Interpretation of sedimentary rocks Sediment • Sediment - loose, solid particles originating from: – Weathering and erosion of pre- existing rocks – Chemical precipitation from solution, including secretion by organisms in water Relationship to Earth’s Systems • Atmosphere – Most sediments produced by weathering in air – Sand and dust transported by wind • Hydrosphere – Water is a primary agent in sediment production, transportation, deposition, cementation, and formation of sedimentary rocks • Biosphere – Oil , the product of partial decay of organic materials , is found in sedimentary rocks Sediment • Classified by particle size – Boulder - >256 mm – Cobble - 64 to 256 mm – Pebble - 2 to 64 mm – Sand - 1/16 to 2 mm – Silt - 1/256 to 1/16 mm – Clay - <1/256 mm From Sediment to Sedimentary Rock • Transportation – Movement of sediment away from its source, typically by water, wind, or ice – Rounding of particles occurs due to abrasion during transport – Sorting occurs as sediment is separated according to grain size by transport agents, especially running water – Sediment size decreases with increased transport distance From Sediment to Sedimentary Rock • Deposition – Settling and coming to rest of transported material – Accumulation of chemical -
Erosion and Sediment Control Plan Checklist
Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Plan Checklist Page 1 of 4 What is an Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Plan? Erosion and sediment control is much more than silt fence and hay bales. Prior to developing an Erosion Prevention and Sediment Control Plan (EPSCP), it is important to have minimized the areas of disturbed soils and the duration of exposure. It is also imperative to control water at up- slope site perimeters, control water on-site, control sediment on-site, and control sediment at the downslope site perimeters. An EPSCP is the final element in the erosion and sediment control planning process and a necessary component of an Act 250 permit application. The EPSCP ensures that sediment transport is addressed in one of the most crucial stages of the project: the planning stage. A good erosion prevention and sediment control plan first minimizes the extent of disturbance by focusing on erosion control (minimizing disturbed areas, seeding, mulching, matting) by controlling the amount of soil that can run off and by stabilizing exposed soil. Sediment control measures (i.e. stabilized construction entrances) then focus on any sediment that has escaped your erosion control measures. Erosion prevention measures are far more effective than sediment control measures (such as silt fence) and should be the primary focus of any EPSCP. An EPSCP has five primary components: 1. Location map (USGS and other) 2. Existing conditions site plan 3. Grading plan and construction timetable 4. Erosion prevention and sediment control site plan and timetable 5. Narrative briefly describing the four plans The location map shows the proximity of the site to any surface water bodies, roads, etc. -
Wisconsin's Nonpoint Source Program Management Plan FFY 2016-2020
WISCONSIN’S Wisconsin’s NONPOINT SOURCE approach to addressing water quality impacts from PROGRAM nonpoint source MANAGEMENT PLAN pollution. FFY 2016-2020 Approved by EPA on September 18, 2015 Wisconsin’s Nonpoint Source Program Management Plan – FFY 2016-2020 Table of Contents Acronyms & Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 3 Chapter 1 The State of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control in Wisconsin ..................................................... 4 Chapter 2 Monitoring and Assessment ....................................................................................................... 16 Chapter 3 Watershed Planning for Nonpoint Source Pollution Control ...................................................... 30 Chapter 4 Statewide Implementation Program for Protection & Improvement of NPS Impacted Waters .. 57 Chapter 5 Tracking, Evaluation & Reporting............................................................................................... 84 Chapter 6 Future Directions - Through FFY 2020 .................................................................................... 106 2 Wisconsin’s Nonpoint Source Program Management Plan – FFY 2016-2020 Acronyms & Abbreviations Agencies, Departments and Organizations EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency FSA Farm Service Agency (part of USDA) FWS United States Fish and Wildlife Service LCD County Land Conservation Department LWCD County Land and Water Conservation Department -
Descriptions of Common Sedimentary Environments
Descriptions of Common Sedimentary Environments River systems: . Alluvial Fan: a pile of sediment at the base of mountains shaped like a fan. When a stream comes out of the mountains onto the flat plain, it drops its sediment load. The sediment ranges from fine to very coarse angular sediment, including boulders. Alluvial fans are often built by flash floods. River Channel: where the river flows. The channel moves sideways over time. Typical sediments include sand, gravel and cobbles. Particles are typically rounded and sorted. The sediment shows signs of current, such as ripple marks. Flood Plain: where the river overflows periodically. When the river overflows, its velocity decreases rapidly. This means that the coarsest sediment (usually sand) is deposited next to the river, and the finer sediment (silt and clay) is deposited in thin layers farther from the river. Delta: where a stream enters a standing body of water (ocean, bay or lake). As the velocity of the river drops, it dumps its sediment. Over time, the deposits build further and further into the standing body of water. Deltas are complex environments with channels of coarser sediment, floodplain areas of finer sediment, and swamps with very fine sediment and organic deposits (coal) Lake: fresh or alkaline water. Lakes tend to be quiet water environments (except very large lakes like the Great Lakes, which have shorelines much like ocean beaches). Alkaline lakes that seasonally dry up leave evaporite deposits. Most lakes leave clay and silt deposits. Beach, barrier bar: near-shore or shoreline deposits. Beaches are active water environments, and so tend to have coarser sediment (sand, gravel and cobbles). -
Soil Erosion, Runoff, and Sedimentation Construction Site Fact Sheet No
Soil Erosion, Runoff, and Sedimentation Construction Site Fact Sheet No. 1 What Is Soil Erosion? What Problems Happen On Construction Soil erosion is the detachment and movement of soil Sites? particles by water, wind, ice, or gravity. Safety and Nuisance Issues – Sediment on roadways and in the air can cause safety hazards. Flooding– Excessive sediment accumulation in drainage systems can create blockages that promote flooding. Sediment Build‐Up – Sediment that accumulates in streams, lakes, and bays can only be remediated by costly dredging. Increased Costs – Uncontrolled erosion and sedimentation requires costly maintenance and What Is Sedimentation? repair. It is cheaper and easier to PREVENT Sediment is the result of erosion. Sedimentation is erosion than to fix sedimentation problems. the build‐ up of eroded soil particles that are transported in runoff from their site of origin and Negative Public Perception ‐Observing muddy deposited in drainage systems, on other ground water flowing from construction sites negatively surfaces, or in bodies of water or wetlands. effects public perception. Why Should I Care? It’s the Law– Federal, State and local regulations require construction sites to be compliant with the Clean Water Act. Water Quality‐Erosion from construction projects can be a non‐point source pollutant that deteriorates the health of our lakes, streams and Narragansett Bay. Soil Loss ‐ Much of the total sediment loss that occurs each year is generated by highway construction and land development projects. Quality of Life‐ If you enjoy fishing, eating local Sediment‐filled runoff from a RIDOT construction site shellfish or swimming at one of Rhode Island’s beautiful beaches, this pollution can threaten your quality of life. -
Sedimentary Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks • a rock resulting from the consolidation of loose sediment that has been derived from previously existing rocks • a rock formed by the precipitation of minerals from solution Sedimentary Stages of the Rock Cycle Weathering Erosion Transportation Deposition (sedimentation) Burial Diagenesis Fig. 5.1 1 Table 5.1 Sorting Fig 5.2 Transport will effect the sediment in several ways Sorting:Sorting a measure of the variation in the range of grain sizes in a rock or sediment • Well-sorted sediments have been subjected to prolonged water or wind action. • Poorly-sorted sediments are either not far- removed from their source or deposited by glaciers. 2 Fig. 5.3 Sedimentary Environments Fig. Story 5.5 Table 5.2 3 Sedimentary Structures Stratification = Bedding = Layering This layering that produces sedimentary structures is due to: • Particle size • Types (s) of particles Sedimentary Layering Other Examples of Sedimentary Structures • Cross-beds • Ripple marks • Mudcracks • Raindrop impressions • Fossils 4 Cross-bedded sandstone Fig. 5.6 Fig. 5.7 Ripples on a beach Fig. 5.8 5 Ripples Preserved in Sandstone Fig. 5.9 Fig. 5.9 6 Fig. 5.10 Turbidity Currents Suspension of water sand, and mud that moves downslope (often very rapidly) due to its greater density that the surrounding water (often triggered by earthquakes). The speed of turbidity currents was first appreciated in 1920 when a current broke lines in the Atlantic. This event also demonstrated just how far a single deposit could travel. From Sediment to Sedimentary Sock (lithification) • Compaction:Compaction reduces pore space. clays and muds are up to 60 % water; 10% after compaction • Cementation:Cementation chemical precipitation of mineral material between grains (SiO2, CaCO3, Fe2O3) binds sediment into hard rock. -
Stormwater Management and Sediment and Erosion Control Plan Review Checklist for Design Professionals
Stormwater Management and Sediment and Erosion Control Plan Review Checklist For Design Professionals This Plan Review Checklist for Design Professionals has been developed to aid those who prepare Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans (SWPPPs). Adjacent to the heading for most sections are references from the corresponding portion of the NPDES General Permit for Stormwater Discharges from Construction Activities (SCR100000), which was issued on October 15, 2012. SWPPP Preparers should not utilize this checklist as a substitute for the language in the permit and should review the permit itself for more information on each specific requirement. The permit may be found at: http://www.scdhec.gov/environment/water/swater/docs/CGP-permit.pdf In the space provided please indicate the location and page number(s) where each item below can be found in your SWPPP or supporting calculations. If an item is not applicable, put N/A. The Department reserves the right to modify this checklist at any time. The Coastal Zone consists of the following counties: Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Colleton, Dorchester, Georgetown, Horry, and Jasper. *Revised Items in Red Project Information: Project Name: County: Checklist Completed by: Printed name: ___________________________ Signature: ___________________________ Date:___________ PLANS AND MAPS 1. CURRENT COMPLETED APPLICATION FORM ● Original Signature of individual with signatory authority for the applicant according to requirements set forth in R.61-9.122.22 (see Appendix C) ● All items completed and answered