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Chapter Ii-6 Technical System for Solid Waste Management

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Chapter Ii-6 Technical System for Solid Waste Management Final Report ChapterII-6 CHAPTER II-6 TECHNICAL SYSTEM FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 6.1 Source Reduction In accordance with the waste hierarchy, a series of source reduction programs was proposed on Boracay Island and the Mainland of Malay. For the reduction of biodegradable waste, which accounts for about 30-40 % of the generated waste, at the source, promotion of home composting was proposed for households and business establishments. As for the reduction of non-biodegradable waste, promotion of returning of bottles to the dealers and a reduction in the number of plastic shopping bags used were proposed. In addition, on Boracay Island, use of specific packages was proposed to be prohibited, while on the Mainland of Malay, a group recycling program was proposed for promoting the recycling activities of junkshops. The proposed source reduction programs are summarized in Table 6.1-1. Table 6.1-1 Description of Source Reduction Programs Target Program Component Description 1 Reduction of "BALIK Promotion of Small scale composting is promoted to households biodegradable BIO-WASTE" home and small scale business establishments. waste Program composting Reduction of "BALIK Promotion of The producers are requested to return container and non- BOTE" returning of packaging wastes to recycling industries. A biodegradable Program bottles to the deposit system to collect the empty container and waste dealers packaging wastes from consumers is to be introduced. "BALIK Promotion of Step by step reduction of the number of plastic BAYONG" reduction in the shopping bags used starting from “my bag” Program number of campaign. plastic shopping bags used Program on Prohibition of Using In accordance with the progress of other source Specific Packages on Boracay reduction programs, utilization of specific packages on Boracay Island will be prohibited. Program on Group Recycling Recyclable waste is to be collected at existing meeting points such as schools and churches so that junkshops can come to buy them. Source: JICA Study Team 6.1.1 Source Reduction of Biodegradable Waste Because MO No.185 stipulates that the households which have a relatively large garden (more than 50m2) should implement composting at home, home composting is mainly carried out in rural areas. This activity should be promoted by revision of the MO. Biodegradable waste generated is sometimes used for livestock feed at each source, or provided to the nearby framers and this activity is expected to be conducted continuously on 1 “BALIK” means “Return” in Tagalog, while BIO-WASTE, BOTE and BAYONG mean biodegradable waste, bottle, and bag, respectively. So, BALIK BIO-WASTE means return of biodegradable waste (to the earth), BALIK BOTE means return of bottles (to the shops), and BALIK BAYONG means return of bags (at hand) as my bag. The Master Plan on Solid Waste Management for Boracay Island and Malay Municipality II-6-1 Final Report ChapterII-6 the Mainland of Malay. This will further reduce biodegradable waste. In order to promote reduction of biodegradable waste at the source effectively, the "BALIK BIO-WASTE" Program is proposed as shown in Table 6.1-2. Table 6.1-2 Content of “BALIK BIO-WASTE” Program Target Generation Materials to be Content Target Area Source Addressed Promotion of Households and small Boracay Island Food waste and garden composting of scale business and Mainland of waste biodegradable establishments Malay waste Source: JICA Study Team The following activities are planned to be conducted by the "BALIK BIO-WASTE" Program. - Promotion of home composting of food waste and garden waste through a series of dissemination workshops and trainings including introduction of various kinds of home composting methods such as composting using compost bins and compost pits. - Introduction of incentive schemes such as reduction of the GCF and providing rewards to those business establishments who reduced the amount of their biodegradable waste. - Introduction of monitoring and instruction systems regarding home composting activities - Revision of the MO on home composting, e.g. the threshold size of the yard should be changed from “50 m2” to “30m2”. - Constitution of a new MO that requests newly developed business establishments such as hotels, resorts and restaurants to carry out composting of food and garden wastes which are generated from their premises. The implementation organization of the "BALIK BIO-WASTE" Program is shown in Table 6.1-3. The Master Plan on Solid Waste Management for Boracay Island and Malay Municipality II-6-2 Final Report ChapterII-6 Table 6.1-3 Implementation Organization of the “BALIK BIO-WASTE” Program Responsible Item Role of Responsible Organization Organization Promotion Selder Leaders2, The Selder leader promotes home composting activities for Schools, Private neighboring households. Schools are also possible venues Sector to promote composting through the students. For business Organizations establishments, the promotion is to be carried out by private sector organizations including NGOs such as BCCI and BFI Introduction of MOM The MOM will prepare the overall incentive system, while incentive schemes Barangays, barangays will implement the system Monitoring and Barangays, Monitoring and instruction is to be carried out by the Selder instruction system Selder Leaders leaders of each barangay after they have received instruction. Constitution and MOM The MOM will prepare the MO with the consultation of the Revision of MO SB Source: JICA Study Team 6.1.2 Source Reduction of Non-Biodegradable Waste With an increase in the number of tourists and a change of life style, package waste has increased and is expected to increase significantly in the future. As countermeasures, a series of source reduction programs for non-biodegradable waste are proposed as shown in Table 6.1-4. Table 6.1-4 Contents of Source Reduction Programs for Non-Biodegradable Waste Materials to be Program Target Generation Sources Target Area Addressed “BALIK BAYONG” Residents and Tourists Boracay Island Plastic shopping Program bags “BALIK BOTE” Residents and Tourists with Boracay Island Used bottles Program support of distribution industry Introduction of Waste Residents, Tourists and Boracay Island Container and Avoidance Program Business establishments packaging wastes Introduction of Group Residents on the Mainland Mainland of Malay Recyclable wastes Recycling of Malay Source: JICA Study Team (1) “BALIK BAYONG” Program This program is proposed to reduce utilization of plastic shopping bags at the generation stage, and to attain the final goals of “no utilization of plastic shopping bags”. The following sub-programs are proposed as 1st and 2nd stages. - 1st Stage : Campaign on “Bring My Bag” for Shopping - 2nd Stage: Prohibition of Plastic Shopping Bag Use for Shopping 2 Each barangay has some communities which are classified by location or region. A community is called a Selder (cell) and has a leader. Each Selder leader has an important role to provide orientation and assistance to the homeowners in setting up their own home composting. The Master Plan on Solid Waste Management for Boracay Island and Malay Municipality II-6-3 Final Report ChapterII-6 1) Campaign on “Bring My Bag” for Shopping As the first step, a campaign on “Bringing My Bag for Shopping” will be implemented. Use of reusable shopping bags is promoted for shopping through a series of campaigns. There are mainly two types of shoppers on Boracay Island, i.e. tourists and residents. As for the tourists, they can borrow a bag for shopping during their staying on Boracay Island or can purchase a bag to utilize as my bag and as a souvenir. When the tourists go to the shops, they will be able to receive rewards by an Eco-seal System (e.g. discount or stamps will be given to the shoppers when they utilize “my bag” at shops instead of plastic shopping bags. If they collect a certain number of the stamps, a reward will be provided). As for the residents, my bag, which will be distributed by the MOM through the campaign or their own bag, will be promoted to use for shopping. Same as for the tourists, those residents who use my bags for shopping will be able to receive the rewards. The concept of the first stage sub-program is illustrated in Figure 6.1-1. Bag Selling of Bag Tourist Resident Cash Reward Reward Bag Deposit Bag Bag Rental of Bag Shops Figure 6.1-1 Campaign on Bringing My Bag for Shopping Source: JICA Study Team Bags sold on Boracay Island which can be used My Bags used in the world as “May Bags” Figure 6.1-2 Example of My Bag Source: JICA Study Team, Eco-bag Book The Master Plan on Solid Waste Management for Boracay Island and Malay Municipality II-6-4 Final Report ChapterII-6 The following activities are planned to be conducted in the first stage of "BALIK BAYONG" Program as a campaign on “Bring My Bag” for shopping: - Promotion of using my bag by the residents through a series of public awareness campaign activities. This includes distribution of “my bags” to the residents for promotion purpose and explanation of the program to the shop owners and obtaining their cooperation for the promotion. My bags will be distributed to the residents free of charge during the campaign. - Introduction of an incentive system such as an Eco-seal system for those who use “my bad” for shopping. - Introduction of a rental system of “my bag” for tourists who stay short term or those residents who forget to bring “my bag”. - Selling “my bags” to the tourists at the arrival places of so that they can use the bags during their stay on Boracay Island. - Introduce a system to charge for plastic shopping bags with consideration of the customer’s attitude, response and opinions to promote the prohibition of plastic shopping bag use. 2) 2nd Stage: Prohibition of Plastic Shopping Bag Use As the second stage of the “BALIK BAYONG” Program, plastic shopping bag use is prohibited as MO.
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