Implementation and Analysis of Key Reinstallation Attack
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Page 2 L’intégrale VERISAFE Véritable cursus de formation en Cybersécurité : 120 heures de formation, 850 vidéos & 4200 slides La cybercriminalité fait peser une menace grandissante sur tous les organismes (privés ou pu- blics) et sur chaque citoyen. Pour lutter efficacement contre ce fléau, il est important de bien comprendre le phénomène et de l’anticiper. Illustrée par des exemples réels, cette formation détaille le monde cybercriminel (organisation, acteurs, motivations, techniques d’attaques, moyens financiers et humains,…). Elle présente également les acteurs et les dispositifs juri- diques pour lutter contre les cybercriminels au niveau national comme au niveau international. Face une véritable pénurie en matière de compétences en matière de sécurité Cloud, la certifi- cation CCSK de la Cloud Security Alliance est devenue la certification internationale la plus re- cherchée et se place désormais à la 1er place en matière de rémunération (Source : Certificate Magazine). Cette formation intensive a été spécialement conçue pour préparer et obtenir cette certification en 30 jours. Ransomware, espionnage économique ou scientifique, fuites de données à caractère person- nel,… le nombre de cyberattaques ne cesse d’augmenter en France et dans le monde. La ques- tion n’est donc pas de savoir si votre organisme sera attaqué mais plutôt comment répondre efficacement à ces attaques. Cette formation répond à toutes les préoccupations actuelles et dresse l’état de l’art en matière de cybersécurité à destination des entreprises et des adminis- trations. C’est la formation Cybersécurité le plus suivie en France avec 18 sessions en présentiel et plus de 316 participants en 2019. Cette formation intensive permet d’acquérir toutes les compétences nécessaires pour devenir un professionnel de la cybersécurité reconnu sur le marché. -
Cyber-Resilience
CYBER-RESILIENCE: THE KEY TO BUSINESS SECURITY Panda Security Summit | Cyber-resilience: the key to business security 2 Introduction and summary 3 The evolution of cyberthreats 5 Challenges for organizations to become cyber-resilient 7 Adoption of cyber-resilience 13 Characteristics of cyber-resilient companies 18 Conclusions 22 Panda Security Summit | Cyber-resilience: the key to business security 3 Introduction and summary goals and integrity against the latent threat of cybersecurity attacks. A cyber-resilient company is one that can prevent, A quick Google search of the term “resilient detect, contain and recover, minimizing exposure companies” turns up 44,400,000 results in less to an attack and its impact on business, against than a second. This concept, defined as “the countless threats to data, applications, and IT capacity to recover quickly from difficulties infrastructure. And especially against devices, and come out stronger”, has become key to where the organization’s most valuable assets businesses that face a large number of risks reside, since reaching them also implies attacking born from the context of a global economy: from the integrity of identities and users. cyberattacks to large-scale, global fraud and theft of personal data, to the potential adverse effects of technological advances such as artificial As hazards increase, traditional approaches to intelligence, geoengineering, and synthetic biology maintaining cyber-resilience are no longer enough. that can affect the environment, the economy, and Many entities survive in a precarious equilibrium, ultimately human beings themselves. and the slightest alteration, however small in relation to the size of the organization or the importance of its activities, can precipitate a crisis. -
Analyzing Cryptographic Vulnerabilities on Hackerone
Analyzing Cryptographic Vulnerabilities on HackerOne Atefeh Fakhari Seminar Software Composition, MCS 2020 Supervisor : Mohammadreza Hazhirpasand 1 Objective We are interested in looking for what types of cryptographic vulnerability exist on HackerOne. 2 What is HackerOne? Hacker finds a vulnerability Hacker submits it to the Company rewards the hacker company via their Security page 3 HackerOne 4 Data extraction with python 5 Dataset 9311 Hacktivity 3160 Hackers 315 Companies 5,342,500 6 Top 20 hackers Top hackers based on the total money earned Top hacker based on the total bug report 100000 70 120 80000 90000 70000 60 100 80000 60000 50 70000 80 50000 60000 40 50000 60 40000 30 40000 30000 40 30000 20 20000 20000 20 10 10000 10000 0 0 0 0 Reward earnedSeries1 Series2Number of bug Reward earnedSeries1 Series2Number of bug 7 Top 20 companies Mail.ru 684 HackerOne 433 U.S. Dept Of Defense 352 Shopify 335 Node.js third-party modules 291 Nextcloud 290 PHP (IBB) 251 Twitter 221 New Relic 195 Uber 187 Shopify-scripts 161 Legal Robot 154 GitLab 148 Weblate 139 Gratipay 136 VK.com 126 Starbucks 125 Zomato 114 Slack 110 LocalTapiola 105 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Number of Bug 8 Analyzing cryptographic vulnerability 9 Weaknesses There are 121 unique weaknesses 10 Weaknesses 11 Crypto bug types Clear text transfer / Mix content https-http 25 Certificates related problems (validation, CAA .. ) 21 Weak crypto defaults / Default encryption password and salt 18 The POODLE attack 13 The side channel attacks / The timing attacks 11 Secret key -
Authenticated Encryption Mode IAPM Using SHA-3'S Public Random
Authenticated Encryption Mode IAPM using SHA-3’s Public Random Permutation Charanjit Jutla IBM T. J. Watson Research Center New York 10598 Abstract. We study instantiating the random permutation of the block- cipher mode of operation IAPM (Integrity-Aware Parallelizable Mode) with the public random permutation of Keccak, on which the draft stan- dard SHA-3 is built. IAPM and the related mode OCB are single-pass highly parallelizable authenticated-encryption modes, and while they were originally proven secure in the private random permutation model, Kurosawa has shown that they are also secure in the public random per- mutation model assuming the whitening keys are uniformly chosen with double the usual entropy. In this paper, we show a general composabil- ity result that shows that the whitening key can be obtained from the usual entropy source by a key-derivation function which is itself built on Keccak. We stress that this does not follow directly from the usual indifferentiability of key-derivation function constructions from Random Oracles. We also show that a simple and general construction, again employing Keccak, can also be used to make the IAPM scheme key- dependent-message secure. Finally, implementations on modern AMD-64 architecture supporting 128-bit SIMD instructions, and not supporting the native AES instructions, show that IAPM with Keccak runs three times faster than IAPM with AES. 1 Introduction Symmetric key encryption of bulk data is usually performed using either a stream cipher or a block cipher. A long message is divided into small fixed-size blocks and encryption is performed by either a stream-cipher mode or a block-cipher mode employing a cryptographic primitive that operates on blocks. -
OCB: a Bock-Cipher Mode of Operation for Efficient Authenticated Encryption
OCB: A Bock-Cipher Mode of Operation for Efficient Authenticated Encryption Phillip Rogaway UC Davis This work done at Chiang Mai University [email protected] http://www.cs.ucdavis.edu/~rogaway Mihir Bellare John Black Ted Krovetz UC San Diego University of Nevada UC Davis CCS-8 — Philadelphia, USA — November 8, 2001 Slide 1 Principal Goals of Symmetric Cryptography Privacy What the Adversary sees tells her nothing of significance about the underlying message M that the Sender sent Authenticity The Receiver is sure that the string he receives was sent (in exactly this form) by the Sender Authenticated Encryption Achieves both privacy and authenticity C C* Nonce M M K Adversary K or invalid K K Sender Receiver Slide 2 Why Authenticated Encryption? • Efficiency By merging privacy and authenticity one can achieve efficiency difficult to achieve if handling them separately. • Easier-to-correctly-use abstraction By delivering strong security properties one may minimize encryption-scheme misuse. Slide 3 Easier to correctly use because stronger security properties Idealized encryption OCB Authenticated encryption [Bellare, Rogaway] IND-CPA + auth of ciphertexts [Katz,Yung] [Bellare, Namprempre] IND-CCA = NM-CCA CTR, CBC$ [Goldwasser, Micali] IND-CPA [Bellare, Desai, Jokipii, Rogaway] ECB Slide 4 Right or Wrong? It depends on what definition E satisfies K A . R K A A B EK (A . B . RA . RB .sk) EK (RB) Slide 5 Folklore approach. See Generic Composition [Bellare, Namprempre] and [Krawczyk] Traditional approach to authenticated encryption for -
Global Journal of Engineering Science And
[Arslan, 6(3): March 2019] ISSN 2348 – 8034 DOI- 10.5281/zenodo.2599921 Impact Factor- 5.070 GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES PRIVACY PRESERVING SECURITY MECHANISM FOR IOT BASED DISTRIBUTED SMART HEALTHCARE SYSTEM Farrukh Arslan School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, USA ABSTRACT Data security and privacy are one of the key concerns in the Internet of Things (IoT). Usage of IOT is increasing in the society day-by-day, and security challenges are becoming more and more severe. From a data perspective, IOT data security plays a major role. Some of the sensitive data such as criminal record, military information, the medical record of the patients, etc. Due to the size and other features of IOT, it is almost impossible to create an efficient centralized authentication system. The proposed system focused on IoT security for distributed medical record to provide perimeter security to the patient. Building trust in distributed environments without the need for authorities is a technological advance that has the potential to change many industries, the IOT is one among them. Furthermore, it protects data integrity and availability. It improves the accessibility of data by using the indexing method along with the blockchain. Moreover, it facilitate the utility of tracking the previous history of the patient record using the hyper ledger with authorization. Keywords: security, Internet of Things, Health-care, Block chain, Hyper ledger. I. INTRODUCTION Amount of information grows day by day but the security of the data is not maintained properly. Nowadays blockchain technology is very useful in IOT field such as smart cities, smart home system as well as it provides security [1]. -
CMU-CS-17-118 July 2017
Secure Large-Scale Outsourced Services Founded on Trustworthy Code Executions Bruno Vavala CMU-CS-17-118 July 2017 School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213 Faculty of Sciences University of Lisbon 1749-16 Lisbon, Portugal Thesis Committee: Peter Steenkiste, Co-Chair Nuno Neves, University of Lisbon, Co-Chair Anupam Datta Vyas Sekar Antonia Lopes, University of Lisbon Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Computer Science Copyright c 2017 Bruno Vavala This research was sponsored by Fundac¸ao˜ para a Cienciaˆ e Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) through the Carnegie Mellon Portugal Program under grant SFRH/BD/51562/2011 (until August 2016) and the Information and Communication Technology Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, by FCT through project UID/CEC/00408/2013 (LaSIGE), by the EC through project FP7-607109 (SEGRID) and project H2020-643964 (SUPERCLOUD). The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the author and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of any sponsoring institution, the Portuguese government, the U.S. government or any other entity. Keywords: Trusted Computing, Cloud Security, Trusted Execution Abstraction, Execution Integrity, Code Identity, Large-scale Data, TPM, Intel SGX, Efficient Execution Verification, Passive Replication, Service Availability This work was partially supported by the Fundac¸ao˜ para a Cienciaˆ e Tecnologia (FCT) through research grant SFRH/BD/51562/2011 (until August 2016) and through project UID/CEC/00408/2013 (LaSIGE), by the Informa- tion and Communication Technology Institute at Carnegie Mellon University, by the EC through project FP7-607109 (SEGRID) and project H2020-643964 (SUPERCLOUD). -
A Survey on Connected Vehicles Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures
Journal of Traffic and Logistics Engineering Vol. 6, No. 1, June 2018 A Survey on Connected Vehicles Vulnerabilities and Countermeasures Caleb Riggs, Carl-Edwin Rigaud, Robert Beard, Tanner Douglas, and Karim Elish Florida Polytechnic University 4700 Research Way Lakeland, FL, 33805 Email: {criggs2892, carledwinrigaud0841, rbeard3043, Tannerdouglas0256, kelish}@floridapoly.edu Abstract—With the growing ease of connecting a vehicle and Bluetooth Security Mode 1: This mode is non- other technologies to the Internet, the need for security is secure. The authentication and encryption growing. In a connected vehicle, there are many different functionality are bypassed, and the device is connections and therefore many different systems can be susceptible to hacking. Security Mode 1 is only exploited. In this paper, we shed the light on the security of several features of connected vehicles to determine whether supported up to Bluetooth 2.0 + EDR and not or not they are vulnerable to attacks and identify possible beyond. mitigations. We focus on four features, namely, Bluetooth, Bluetooth Security Mode 2: For this Bluetooth OBD (On Board Diagnostics) System, Infotainment System, security mode, a centralized security manager and OTA (Over the air). controls access to specific services and devices. The Bluetooth security manager maintains policies Index Terms—Connected vehicle, Vulnerability, OTA (Over for access control and interfaces with other the Air), OBD (On Board Diagnostics), Infotainment, protocols and device users. Telematics Bluetooth Security Mode 3: In this mode, the Bluetooth device initiates security procedures I. INTRODUCTION before any physical link is established. The There are many issues to consider when thinking about authentication and encryption are used for all putting autonomous connected vehicles on the road. -
Introduction
Hearing on “Complex Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities: Lessons Learned from Spectre and Meltdown” Written Testimony of Art Manion Vulnerability Analysis Technical Manager, CERT/CC Carnegie Mellon University Software Engineering Institute Before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation July 11, 2018 Introduction Chairman Thune and Ranking Member Nelson, thank you for the opportunity to appear before the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation to discuss Complex Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, specifically some of the challenges and lessons from the Meltdown and Spectre disclosures. I am currently the Vulnerability Analysis Technical Manager at the CERT Coordination Center (CERT/CC), part of Carnegie Mellon University’s Software Engineering Institute (SEI).1 The SEI is a Department of Defense Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC). The SEI conducts research and development in software engineering, systems engineering, cybersecurity, and many other areas of computing, working to transition new and emerging innovations into government and industry. The SEI holds a unique role as the only FFRDC sponsored by the DoD that is also authorized to work with organizations outside of the DoD. We work with partners throughout the U.S. government, the private sector, and academia. Much of the vulnerability analysis work at the CERT/CC over the past 30 years has focused on Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure (CVD). This is the practice of reporting newly discovered vulnerabilities to vendors (and/or -
Here's What You Need to Know About KRACK, the Worst Cyber Threat Yet What Is KRACK? Who's on KRACK and What Can Be Done?
Here’s What You Need to Know About KRACK, the Worst Cyber Threat Yet November 2, 2017 by Jim Akin Chances are, you’ve got passwords to at least a handful of Wi-Fi networks saved on your smartphone, tablet and laptop. Most of us do, because wireless Internet connections are central to most homes and workplaces. That’s why a recently uncovered security vulnerability known as KRACK is so significant. It puts the private data of virtually all Wi-Fi users at risk. Here’s some background on the extent of the issue, and guidelines on what you can do to protect yourself and your data. What is KRACK? KRACK is a clunky acronym for a criminal hacking technique (Key Reinstallation AttaCK) that can expose information shared on Wi-Fi networks, even over connections “secured” with data encryption and passwords. Without delving into the technical specifics, (there’s a good detailed take here if you’re curious), the vulnerability breaks WPA 2, the strongest and most common form of encryption used to protect data on home and business Wi-Fi networks. WPA 2 encryption is designed to maintain private connections so that anyone who hijacks data by “listening in” to a wireless-networking signal without your password (and the permission that implies) receives only unintelligible chunks of information. KRACK can thwart that, exposing credit card numbers, account usernames and passwords, and other private data that could end up on the dark web, for any criminal to abuse. In certain instances, KRACK can even enable crooks to install malicious code on devices and websites. -
Exploiting Host-Based Vulnerabilities
Exploiting Host-Based Vulnerabilities • Exploit Windows-Based Vulnerabilities • Exploit *nix-Based Vulnerabilities Copyright (c) 2018 CompTIA Properties, LLC. All Rights Reserved. | CompTIA.org 1 Commonalities Among Windows-Based Vulnerabilities (Slide 1 of 2) • OSs and most applications based on C, which has no default bounds-checking. • Susceptible to buffer overflows, arbitrary code execution, and privilege escalation. • Developers need to use security best practices and unit testing. • Proprietary product, so source code is not publicly available. • Fewer reviews open the door for undiscovered weaknesses. • Complexity enables vulnerabilities to remain undetected after release. • Microsoft doesn’t patch all vulnerabilities—they release new versions. • This leaves the vulnerability unaddressed in older installations. Copyright (c) 2018 CompTIA Properties, LLC. All Rights Reserved. | CompTIA.org 2 Commonalities Among Windows-Based Vulnerabilities (Slide 2 of 2) • Servers: Network-based vulnerabilities; workstations: Application-based vulnerabilities. • Uses standard protocols and technologies. • Susceptible to cross-platform exploits. • Physical access puts hosts at greater risk. • Connecting cables to administrative console ports. • Booting to a different OS. • Using removable media. • Stealing and damaging hardware. • Social engineering is required to expose certain vulnerabilities. Copyright (c) 2018 CompTIA Properties, LLC. All Rights Reserved. | CompTIA.org 3 Windows Operating System Vulnerabilities Category Description Remote code execution Any condition that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code. Buffer or heap overflow A programming error that allows attackers to overwrite allocated memory addresses with malicious code. Denial of service Any condition that allows attackers to use resources so that legitimate requests can’t be served. A programming error that allows attackers to access a program’s memory space and hijack the normal Memory corruption execution flow. -
The Evolution of Authenticated Encryption
The Evolution of Authenticated Encryption Phillip Rogaway University of California, Davis, USA Those who’ve worked with me on AE: Mihir Bellare Workshop on Real-World Cryptography John Black Thursday, 10 January 2013 Ted Krovetz Stanford, California, USA Chanathip Namprempre Tom Shrimpton David Wagner 1/40 Traditional View (~2000) Of Symmetric Goals K K Sender Receiver Privacy Authenticity (confidentiality) (data-origin authentication) Encryption Authenticated Encryption Message scheme Achieve both of these aims Authentication Code (MAC) IND-CPA [Goldwasser, Micali 1982] Existential-unforgeability under ACMA [Bellare, Desai, Jokipii, R 1997] [Goldwasser, Micali, Rivest 1984, 1988], [Bellare, Kilian, R 1994], [Bellare, Guerin, R 1995] 2/40 Needham-Schroeder Protocol (1978) Attacked by Denning-Saco (1981) Practioners never saw a b IND-CPA as S encryption’s goal A . B . NA {N . B . s . {s . A} } 1 A b a 2 a b {s . A} A 3 b B 4 {NB}s 5 {NB -1 }s 3/40 Add redundancy No authenticity for any S = f (P) CBC ~ 1980 Doesn’t work Beyond CBC MAC: regardless of how you compute unkeyed checksums don’t work even the (unkeyed) checksum S = R(P1, …, Pn) with IND-CCA or NM-CPA schemes (Wagner) [An, Bellare 2001] 4/40 Add more arrows PCBC 1982 Doesn’t work See [Yu, Hartman, Raeburn 2004] The Perils of Unauthenticated Encryption: Kerberos Version 4 for real-world attacks 5/40 Add yet more stuff iaPCBC [Gligor, Donescu 1999] Doesn’t work Promptly broken by Jutla (1999) & Ferguson, Whiting, Kelsey, Wagner (1999) 6/40 Emerging understanding that: - We’d like