COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES cy^AGAZINE Volume 10 No. 4 ^ April 1930

Back in 1923, tlie New Cornelia Open End Rod Mills, the shells of Copper Company of Ajo, Arizona, their mills were lengthened by three installed their first battery of Marcy feet which resulted in an immediate Open End Rod Mills. The installation increase of 25% in grinding capacity. t •Sir" consisted of twenty 6' x 12' units. In 1929, favorable metal prices dic­ li. tated a further increase in grinding These Marcy Open End Rod Mills capacity, and their previous exper­ prepared hard copper ore of %" size ience and complete satisfaction with for selective flotation. The manage­ Marcy Open End Rod Mills caused ment was pleased with their grinding them to order twelve more units, efficiency and high operating time. which are now being installed. In 1928, this company wanted greater You, too, may profit from their exper­ capacity quickly and at low cost and ience. Get the facts by writing for due to the simple design of Marcy Bulletin No. 73. INEandQMELTER WPOf v3 C®MBMfY MARCY MILL DIVISION DENVER, COLORADO, U. S. A.

EL PASO,TEXAS NEW YORK CITY SALT LAKE, UTAH 410 San Francisco St. 225 Broadway 121 West 2nd,Soutli

ifiii I NO VIBRATION TRANSMITTED

The TRAYLOR Vibrating Screen Supreme is constructed to handle a full load, running at top speed without transmitting any vibration to the screen supports or building* You should see one of these screens in opera­ tion, they are sturdy, compact and require less at­ tention with full surface vibration insuring more profit at least cost.

Write our engineers for information, they are always glad to help with screening problems.

ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN

1400 Delgany St. THE TRAYLOR VIBRATOR CO. Denver, Colo.

You owe it to your workmen and yourself to place a RED CROSS sign at each first aid room or station in your mine or factory. First

STONEHOUSE—Danger, Saftey First, Direction, Notice, Caution, and Be Careful signs are standard as to color and design. They Aid TIME-THAT TOUGH OLD TESTER-FINDS are approved by the leading safety engineers and authorities. A FOE THAT FIGHTS HIM OFF Play Safe With Stonehouse Signs Many generations ago. Time—That Toush Old Tester—began his fight with genuine puddled wrought iron. Against that sturdy metal of which Reading 5-point pipe is made. Time first used his most potent weapon, For /our Protection, corrosion. This Indented Spiral Forever Marks Year after year after year. Time poured his corrosive mixtures over and HOSPITAL •# LABTORYl through 5-point pipe trying to set in action the destruction which men call rust. But no loop-holes could Time find—filaments of silicious slag barred the way. Only pipe made of genuine puddled wrought iron has DESCRIPTION PRICES ON SIGNS ILLUSTRATED ABOVE 30-gauge 20-gau3e proved that it can thus fight off the test of Time—the only conclusive Red Crpss signs are 3J^"xl4" in size, colors as I sign - .60 $ .80 shown. On blank panel sign No. 1600 we can im­ 6 signs of same wording 40 each .60 each pipe test known. 12 signs of same wording 36 each .52 each print specikl copy at additional cost over prices listed 25 signs of same wording .32 each .44 each for stock signs in opposite column. 50 signs of same wording 28 each .40 each Make your first cost of pipe the last cost, avoiding damaging leaks, by Insisting on Reading genuine puddled wrought iron pipe.

READING IRON COMPANY, Reading, Pennsylvania SIQNB. INC. GENUINEEADIN PUDDLED CWROUGH TPIP IRON t R DIAMETERS RANOINO FROM I/O TO 20 INCHES

Wlicn Palronizins Advertisers Please Mention Colorado School of Mines Masazine Science and Invention Have Never Found a Satisfactory Substitute for Genuine Puddled Wrought Iron ARTHUR C. DAMAN, '15 FRANK E. BRIBER, '16 Takes less ''pull'' than Your Choice of a politics

Summer Scliool TIj'ASY on power— ' more tonnage hauled in less time. That's one way the First: The summer school you choose Card Improved Roll­ should be the school that specializes DENVER PORTABLE MILLS er Bearing Wheels on in teaching what you want to be Mills are built in 25, 50 and 100- mine cars cut costs. ton capacities with all standard taught. equipment such as Crusher (Shown Another thing is economical upkeep. Ex­ at the top). Steel Bin, Feeder, Ball Second: The summer school you choose treme simplicity of design means fewer work­ Mill, Conditioner, Classifier, Flota­ ing parts. Dirtproof—increased long life, and should be the school that is located tion Machine and Pilot Table. Can economical lubrication. Try a few and watch in a pleasant summer climate, con­ be assembled or torn down in two days. 'em! ducive both to good health and study. Write for complete information DENVER EQUIPMENT CO. C • S • Card Iron Works The Colorado School of Mines, 14/9 I7t/iStreet-^Denver, Colorado. Telephone MAin 4315 DENVER A Summer School for Engineers— Cable "DECO

At the very entrance to the Denver Mountain Parks, and only twelve miles from the City itself, Golden, the home of the School of Mines, offers to the summer student the advantages of outdoor recreation and the diversions to Economy in Mineral Exploration be found in a large city. means practical application of

The Colorado School of Mines, A Pleasant Place for Summer Study— Geophysical Instruments

Engineering students who wish to make up work or gain advanced standing during the summer are invited to Askania Geophysical instruments have been suc­ write for the Summer Session Bulletin. High School cessful in assisting geologists and mining engineers to locate iron, copper, zinc, lead, coal and salt deposits graduates deficient in entrance requirements demanded in many districts throughout the world. They re­ by engineering schools can make up such deficiencies move doubt, eliminate unprofitable borings and speed during the summer. up exploration work. They have proved through the test of time the accuracy of their analysis.

We are making and selling for geophysical work: Eoetvoes torsion balances with photographic and visual reading (large and small Come to Cool Colorado types), magnetometers, seismographs and other scientific instruments.

to Study! For particulars write

for information regarding the Summet School for Engineers, write the American Askania Corporation DIRECTOR OF THE SUMMER SESSION, at CoUlen. Colo. 1024 Marine Bank Bldg., Houston, Texas

When Patronizing Advertisers Please Mention Colorado School ot Mines Magazine ARTHUR C. DAMAN, '15 FRANK E. BRIBER, '16 Takes less ''puir' than Your Choice of a politics

Summer School "DASY on power— ' more tonnage hauled in less time. That's one way the First: The summer school you choose Card Improved Roll­ should be the school that specializes DENVER PORTABLE MILLS er Bearing Wheels on in teaching what you want to be Mills are built in 25, 50 and 100- mine cars cut costs. ton capacities with all standard taught. equipment such as Crusher (Shown Another thing is economical upkeep. Ex­ at the top). Steel Bin, Feeder, Ball Second: The summer school you choose treme simplicity of design means fewer work­ Mill, Conditioner, Classifier, Flota­ ing parts. Dirtproof—increased long life, and should be the school that is located tion Machine and Pilot Table. Can economical lubrication. Try a few and watch in a pleasant summer climate, con­ be assembled or torn down in two days, 'em! ducive both to good health and study. Write for complete inforination DENVER EQUIPMENT CO. /4/9 i^th Street •< Denver, Colorado, C • S • Card Iron Works The Colorado School of Mines, DENVER Telephone MAin 4315 A Summer School for Engineers— Cable "DECO

At the very entrance to the Denver Mountain Parks, and only twelve miles from the City itself. Golden, the home of the School of Mines, offers to the summer student the advantages of outdoor recreation and the diversions to Economy in Mineral Exploration be found in a large city. means practical application of The Colorado School of Mines, A Pleasant Place for Summer Study— Geophysical Instruments

Engineering students who wish to make up work or gain advanced standing during the summer are invited to Askania Geophysical instruments have been suc­ write for the Summer Session Bulletin. High School cessful in assisting geologists and mining engineers to locate iron, copper, zinc, lead, coal and salt deposits graduates deficient in entrance requirements demanded in many districts throughout the world. They re­ by engineering schools can make up such deficiencies move doubt, eliminate unprofitable borings and speed during the summer. up exploration work. They have proved through the test of time the accuracy of their analysis.

We are making and selling for geophysical work: Eoetvoes torsion balances with photographic and visual reading (large and small Come to Cool Colorado types), magnetometers, seismographs and other scientific instruments. to Study! For particulars write

For information regarding the Summer School for Engineers, write the American Askania Corporation DIRECTOR OF THE SUMMER SESSION, at Golden, Colo, 1024 Marine Bank Bldg., Houston, Texas

When Patronizing Advertisers Please Mention Colorado School of Mines Masazine THE LOWDEN DRYER FOR FLOTATION CONCENTRATES

A Lowden Patent Dryer will enable you to ship dry con­ IS STANDARD THE WORLD OVER centrates. It will save you freight losses due to shipping water. With the Lowden Dryer you can reduce the moisture content as low as desired. Most important of all, it dries without dusting, and therefore absolutely without dust losses. The Lowden dries those sticky, troublesome concentrates—which formerly caused so much extra labor —both rapidly and efficiently.

A Lowden Dryer following a Rotary Filter forms a per­ fect combination for the finishing of concentrates. There is no clogging or balling. The dried material is delivered in ideal condition for smelter treatment. The Lowden Dryer does away with all handling of material while in a sticky condition.

The use of the Lowden Dryer means the lowest costs for labor, maintenance and power. Lowden Dryers are made Ask for pamphlet 28-B, or better, send us full data on in a number of sizes and to meet any conditions as to your drying problems and permit us to make capacity and moisture elimination. recommendations and quote prices.

Of equal merit in their special fields, are the Impact Screen, Akins Classifier, Skinner Roaster, Colorado Rod and Ball Mills, Colorado Diaphragm Pump,

. COLORADO IRON WORKS COMPANY HE Chemistry Building is the first building of the Colorado School of Established I8 60 MAIN OFFICE AND WORKS, DENVER, COLORADO, U. S. A. Mines. Two additions were made to this building so that the structure Head. Wrightson W Co., Ltd., Stockton on Tees, England Canadian Locomotive Co., Kingston, Ontario, Canada that stands now on the original quadrangle is made up of three joined buildings.

This vine covered building holds many tales of failures and successes. Its walls have seen romance flowered and tragedy reign. What tales of humor and STEARNSROGER pathos could it tell if it were able to write its history of our School. And what memories does every student hold of its glamour. For within its walls are the first year men introduced to the requirements that Mines asks of the men that Another Colorado Mill would carry her name into the world.

Now the building has seen its walls stretched to allow all the men that desired training within its embrace and it calls sorely to furnish larger quarters for its adopted sons.

To assist the Alumni Association of the School to carry on its work in this direction the following firms of Golden have contributed this page:

THE RUBEY NATIONAL BANK COLORADO CENTRAL POWER Co. JEFFERSON COUNTY REPUBLICAN COLORADO TRANSCRIPT ROBINSON'S BOOK STORE THE GOLDEN FIRE BRICK CO.

Shenandoah-Dives 300-ton Amalgamation Flotation Mill at Silverton, Colo,

Building designed with sufficient space for installation of second 300-ton unit.

.™!STEARNSHDGERMF"°: DENVER,CaL.D. 9sH

^1-

Equi^mentp

''HELLO-HELLO, Long distance speaking. Hold the line, Spanish architecture applied to rf^/~\'^ please, here's a call from Golden, Colorado,*' hydroelectric power house at I KJJl Colorado School of Mines Commencement exercises will be held May 16, Commencement time is when the Alumni hold their T^GvQcr Qast/esm Spam regular annual meeting. The Alumni Banquet is scheduled for May 15, the day before 5 PAIN, which has housed many of her hydroelectric installations in veritable architectural castles, has invested the Graduates of 1930 receive their diplomas. As usual, this ban- 2,500,000,000 pesetas (about $500,000,000) in the quet will be held at the University Club in Denver, development of this, her foremost industry.

Scott Turner, director of the Bureau of Mines, is the Com­ / \ By closing a circuit breaker in a switching station at mencement speaker. He will be a guest of honor at the Alumni JOIN US IN THE GENERAL Central de Camarasa, 12 miles away from the source, one ELECTRIC HOUR, BROADCAST man will add 10,000 kv-a. to the capacity of that particu­ EVERY SATURDAY AT 9 P.M., banquet. Come on and help welcome him. lar power castle—when two waterwheel generators, E.S.T. ON A NATION-WIDE The election of officers will be a part of the business at the May N.B.C. NETWORK switchgear, and transformers built and tested this year by General Electric are put in operation. This installation 15 meeting. If you can't come, fill out and mail in your ballot, will be the only automatic supervisory control installation A big program for Commencement will be announced in the GENERAL outside North America and Japan. May issue, which will be mailed out in time to reach you before "Waterwheel-generator testing and study are among the the fifteenth. Among the things to look forward to is the Annual ELECTMC assignments of recruit Test men—^recent engineering Banquet, the Commencement address by Scott Turner, and the college graduates. Under the supervision of an experi­ enced "Head of Test," they carefully adjust for, and note Junior Prom, responses to, such tests as core losses, friction losses, ''HELLO-HELLO! Yes, you are invited to come back for windage, heat runs, and high-speed runs. A valuable foundation is thus laid for industrial, sales, research, the 1930 Commencement," general, or miscellaneous engineering work.

95.740DH GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY, SCHENECTADY, NEW YORK COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES cyWAGAZINE

Copyrighted 1930 Twenty-five cents a copy Colorado School of Mines Alumni Association One dollar and a half a year

VOL. XX APRIL, 1930 No. 4

OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF Published every month in the year by the Colorado School LOCAL SECTIONS EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of Mities Alumni Association. Entered as second class matter COLORADO — Chas. O. Parker, 1928-1929 at the postoffice at Golden, Colorado. Address all correspond­ President, J. E. Norman, Secretary. CHARLES J. ADAMI, '99, Prsident ence, including, checks, drafts, and money orders, to Regular monthly luncheon at Audi­ HUGH A. STEWART,'12, Vice President C. Lorimer Colburn, Secretary, Colorado School of Mines Alumni torium Hotel, April 18, at 12:15 C. LORIMER COLBURN, '07, Secretary Association, C. A. Johnson Building, 509 Seventeenth Street, noon. ALLEN B. CRAIG, '14, Treasurer Denver, Colorado. GREAT LAKES —A. L. Lynne, FRED C. CARSTARPHEN, '05 President, 100 North La Salle St., WILLIAM F. KOCH, 'II Chicago. Morton Frank, Secretary, GEORGE H. ROLL, '19, 4538 Drexel Ave., Chicago. STAFF HOUSTON —Chas. H. Stewart, President, Houston, Texas. George C. H. C. BRADEN Editor Donald M. Davis, Secretary, 1107 Advertising Representative WAYS AND MEANS O. C. KINNEY, '30 - Eagle Ave., Houston, Texas. COMMITTEE E. E. THUM, '05 Contributing Editor LEAD BELT—E. L. Bilheimer, '22, THOMAS S. HARRISON, '08, Chairman J. HARLAN JOHNSON, '23 Contributing Editor President, Rivermines, Mo. C. D. AXEL E. ANDERSON, '04 Frobes, '24, Secretary, Rivermines, The Power that STEEL Holds CHARLES N. BELL, '06 Mo. LOCAL SECTION CORRESPONDENTS THOMAS P. CAMPBELL, '24 MONTANA — A. S. Richardson, DONALD DYRENFORTH, '12 President, 1238 West Granite Street, FRANK J. NAGEL, '03 FRANK A. BROWN, '27 Tulsa Section Tramp rivers are no longer being allowed to roam the west, Butte, Montana. C. E. Calvert, CHARLES M. RATH, '05 COURTNAY BALLAGH, 'H Southern California Secretary-Treasurer, 1008 West freely dissipating their energies. They are fast being forced to E. E. THUM, '06 New York Section Prophyry Street, Butte, Montana. MONTERREY —Fidel C. Martinez, work—their energy /le/d in man-made storehouses. PUBLICATION COMMITTEE '13, President, Aptd. 347, Monterrey, N. L., Mexico; Pablo M. Sada, '29, HARVY MATHEWS, '13, Chairman Secretary-Treasurer, Aptd. loi, Mon­ WILL M. TRAVER, JR., '16 The Gila River will soon grow in power behind the steel-ribbed terrey, N. L., Mexico. HOWARD H. STORM, '29 CONTENTS NEVADA WHITE PINE—Walter J. L. EMRICH, '12, Advisor walls of the Coolidge Dam. The steel ribs that strengthen S. Larsh, President. W. F. Jones, WILLIAM P. SIMPSON, 'OI, Advisor Secretary. FRANK C. BOWMAN, 'OI, Advisor the Coolidge Dam are COLORADO concrete reinforcing Bars. NEW YORK—Harry J. Wolf, Presi­ dent, 42 Broadway, New York City, They were chosen by engineers, just as COLORADO Structural . Editorial & Comment—Preeminence—Do Your Bit—Cart Frank A. Downes, Secretary, 247 ATHLETIC COMMITTEE Before the Horse—Selective Process—The May Issue— Park Avenue, New York City. Shapes, Mine Rails and COLORADO Grinding Rods are being FRED C. STEINHAUER, '99, Chairman Character or Reputation—No Advantage in Secrecy— ROCK SPRINGS—James L. Libby, Our Column 12, 13 President, J. E. Edgeworth, Sec­ chosen — because engineers want the rust-resisting permanence that WILLIAM B. MILLIKEN, '93 retary, Rock Springs, Wyoming. FRANK J. REINHARD, '05 Endowment for a Greater School of Mines 14 SAN FRANCISCO—Clyde M. Eye, the native copper-bearing qualities of COLORADO Steel give. JAMES H. STEELE, '00 RUSSELL H. VOLK, '26 Principles of the Hydro-Metallurgy and Electrodeposition of President and Secretary, 1107 Ho- the Metals—//. Unit Operation, etc.—Roasting 15 bart Building. Write for information on Colorado Steel and the enduring service School Given Model Furnaces Used in Carson Litigation— 20 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA—Ward it will render in your construction or mining jobs. Address the Blackburn, President, 1460 E. 4th INSTRUCTION COMMITTEE Oil and Gas Flow Through Reservoir Rocks 21 Street, Los Angeles. William F. ARTHUR S. ADAMS, '27, Chairman Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Steel Sales Division, Denver, Colorado. Courses in Applied Geophysics Given at the Colorado Dugan, Secretary, 416 West 8th BYRON B. BOATRIGHT, '22 Street, Los Angeles, Calif. School of Mines 23 JOHN J. CORY, '05 OKLAHOMA—G. V. Dunn, Presi­ J. MARVIN KLEFF, '06 Alumnus Made Vice President of Oil Company 25. dent, 2334 E. 13th Place, Tulsa. M. COLORADO GRINDINO BARS COLORADO MINE RAILS LOYAL W. TRUMBULL, '04 Colorado and its School of Mines—Part X—The Territory Edward Chapman, Secretary, Tulsa, COLORADO STRUCTURAL BARS & SHAPES COLORADO STEEL REINFORCING RODS Takes Charge 26 Oklahoma. Weekly luncheon, Fri­ days, at Bishop's on Third Street. Alumnus Made General Manager of United Verde Copper 28 LEGISLATIVE COMMITTEE UTAH—W. F. Koch, President, 573 East Second South Street, Salt Lake MALCOLM E. COLLIER, '22, Chairman M. C. A. Secretary Resigns 29 City. Otto Herres, Secretary, FRANK D. ALLER, '92 Athletics 31, 34 United States Fuel Co., Box 1699, 7Ae Colorado Fuel SL Iron Co. EDWARD P. ARTHUR, '95 Salt Lake City. PHILO D. GROMMON, '07 Campus Topics 32 WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA— NEIL M. MCNEILL, '14 General Offices: Steel Works: News from the Chapters 35 Pierce E. Barker, Secretary, 527 So. Braddock St., Pittsburgh, Pa. PUEBLO, COLORADO Alumni Letters 36 DENVER, COLORADO W Y O M IN G—Dudley L. Rankin, NOMINATION COMMITTEE Personal Notes 37 President, Midwest Refining Co,, CHARLES O. PARKER, '23, Chairman Midwest, Wyoming. E, W. Ginet, Moving the Mountain to the Sea.- 38 BEN C. ESSIG, '15 Secretary, 139 N, Grant St,, Casper, J. H. WINCHELL, EX-'17 Index to Advertisers 40 Wyoming.

Page Elevett When Patronizing Advertisers Please Mention Colorado School of Mines Magazine The Colorado School of M.ines M.agaz.ine APRIL 1930

Character or Reputation, Which? ROM the heading' of this article one may be in­ Our Column F clined to ask, "Why cannot we have both?" The answer is, of course, that we can and should have both. There is a real difference in the meaning of these two terms. A school child, on being asked Annual Meetings, sessions of all kinds—they are to define these terms, wrote: "Character is what we a part of the system AAdiich has been AA'orked out for really are; Reputation is what people think we are. American Business. There is a gi'cat need for talk and Preeminence Selective Process Character we have; Reputation we make." This is the trading of ideas in this s)'stem. not a half bad definition, if Ave qualify it in a few N spite of all the derogatory statements that are N the selection of men for professional or indus­ respects. * * * made about the Soviet govermiient, we must give trial work, character, education, and training are I In the first place, the "people" in question should Probably the largest organized "talk-trading ses­ theI m credit for the attempt to industrialize Russia. the most potent factors. It is through these factors be the general public. If we were to judge our own sion" is the annual meeting held by the A. I. M. E. The prosperity of any nation, whether communistic that an organization exercises a selective process. reputations only on what our best friends say about in NeAA' York City. Many AA^orthAvhile papers are or capitalistic, depends upon the development of its This selection means elimination of the unfit which us, we might look in the mirror some day to see resources and the extension of its trade. results in a better product. whether our angelic dispositions had yet caused us to read at this yearly affair. No one ever hears them American engineers are being imported by the This process of selection is not only in evidence at sprout wings. On the other hand, if we judge our all, for that is an impossibility. Not CA^ery one goes Soviet g'overnment because Russia, now, has few the time of employment but is continuous thereafter. reputations only on what our worst enemies say to listen to the papers. AnyhoAV, they AA'ill be pub­ trained men. These Americans will set the wheels AVhether a man is a roustabout in the field, a student about us, we may well look in the mirror to see lished later. to going. in college, or a member of the training school of some whether we may be sprouting horns. In the second * t' * Latel}' three Mines men have been chosen to help great corporation, this observation of employees con­ place, while it is true that we do make our own repu­ in this tremendous task. They were asked to come tinues and the incompetent, regardless of alibis, tations, we also make, and re-make our own charac­ Such an annual meeting affords a great opportunity to Russia because they were recognized by the Soviet sooner or later are numbered with the unemployed. ters, and do not lose them like we may lose our repu­ for men from all sections of the country to gather in government as preeminent engineers in their respec­ The purpose of this selection is the same in each in­ tations. one common place. There is a social side to such a tive fields. stance; that is, to determine individual equalities in An Engineer who commits an act which deservedly gathering as Avell as a business side. It is good for a man which later will determine his abilit)^, leader­ causes him to lose his good reputation, is in fact, ship and strength of character. These qualities being a man to ht Avith his kind for a feAV days each year Do Your Bit committing professional suicide. And he also finds determined, nine cases out of ten the principle pro­ that it is imich easier to lose a good reputation than whether he plays or Avhether he AA'orks. motion or dismissal naturally follows. HE School of Mines now conducts the "engi­ it is to rebuild one. In law, a man accused of a crime * * * T neering summer school of the Rocky Mountain There is no such thing as Madam Luck in the is supposed to remain innocent until he is proven Region." Alumni should do their part by helping actual accomplishment of things worth while in this guilty. But in practice, with the gossipers, and the The Mining Engineers meet, the Petroleum Geolo­ with a little personal advertising. game. The choosing of the right opportunity as it reputation-assassins which exist everywhere, he is gists meet, they all meet. And so that is Avhy the There will be two terms of Summer School extend­ presents itself may be termed luck by some, but in assumed guihy until proven innocent.—R. P. EG., '10. Colorado School of Mines Alumni hold an Annual ing over a period of eight weeks and six weeks re­ the final analysis it is the exercise of good judgment. Meeting-. There is much to exchange; a lot of talk spectively. All eight-week courses will begin June Obtaining an initial position through influence may 30 and close August 22. Six-week courses will be­ be termed good fortune but as to what a man does No Advantage in Secrecy to trade; a lot of Adsiting to do. A little business, yes. gin July 14. Summer School closes August 22. 'I' ^ with that position depends entirely upon his own 'npHE result of the famous Carson litigation is one abilit)'. The term "luck" when used as an excuse is X more argument in favor of publicity in the con­ The Mines Alumni Association's Annual Meeting simply another term for failure. Engineering, above duct of industry. A¥hen a new device or process is Cart Before thie Horse is held during commencement Aveek. That is the all professions must be considered as an exact science introduced it should either be patented at once or HEN a young man is graduated from high dependent upon the unvarif)dng laws of nature ap­ prompt!}' published for the benefit of the world at logical time to hold it. A ncAV class then comes into plied with precision and common sense. W school with the desire to become an engineer, large. the ranks, and there is a point of contact betAveen he should take up engineering courses immediately. —Dean Morgan The records of the Carson lawsuits show that side School and Graduates, both old and ncAV. We are The proposition that the high school graduate should feeding was used for many years before any mention looking forAvard to the 1930 Annual Meeting, the have two years or four years in a liberal arts school Tlie May Issue Avas made of it. The Awious smelting companies program of AA'hich AA'ill be announced in the next issue before he begins his special training in the engineer­ making use of it realized its advantages, but either of the Magazine. ing profession seems to be a fallacy. HE next issue of the Magazine will be the Com­ AA'ere afraid that an open acknoAvledgement of that mencement number. A special edition is being Many of the schools of the mineral industries have T fact might incur the payment of a small royalty to >|: * * found that their enrollments are decreasing each year. planned. Commencement will be May 16, the Annual the man or men Avho developed the improvement, or This meeting of Mines men Avill be different in Those schools which have required pre-college work Alumni meeting will be held Maj^ 15. that its publication might induce mOre of their com­ are hardest hit. This seems to indicate that the stu­ In order to have the program of these events in petitors to use it. The field of metallurgy is so AAdde, one AA'ay from the sessions held yearly by other or­ dent of engineering should go from high school im­ your hands early, the May issue will be scheduled Avith ramifications extending in so many different ganizations, for Mines men have something- more mediately to the engineering school. for Saturdajf 10, instead of Tuesday 13. directions, iuA^ohdng almost CA^ery branch of science, than their profession in common. They are not only The broadening process is, of course, desirable. that it is impossible for any one company to go it Engineers but all are sons of the same Alma Mater—• Experience indicates that the broadening, cultural The will has just been proved of a man living in a alone. The smelting- and refining companies are "L'lui pour tons et tons pour I'ltn." subjects are best undertaken as graduate work along southwest suburb of London who died last November, competing not so much Avith each other as AA'ith the with advanced technical courses. It appears that in which he left to his wife : "One pair of my trousers, markets. By cooperating, instead of fighting, each That may not be good French, but translated it the cart is hitched before the horse; but few edu­ free of duty, and carriage paid, as a symbol of what other, they could loAver the cost of production, cheap­ means: "E pluribus nnuui." At least the transla­ cators will listen, in spite of the evidence which seems she wanted to wear in my lifetime, but did not." en the products and thus increase the consumption. tion is something Hke that. In good Old United to bear out this statement. •—Englkh Paper. —Irving A. Palmer. States, of course, it means "let's all stick together."

Paae Twelve The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga '^i n e APRIL 1930 APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magaz.ine Principles of the Hydro-metaliurgy and Electrodeposition of the Metals

BOARD OF DIRECTORS DR. M. F. COOLBAUGH The Purpose of the Foun­ IL The Unit Operations of Hydrometallurgy President. Colorado School dation is to advance the of Mines. engineering profession and Electrodeposition—Roasting DR. WILLIAM H. SMILEY through the Colorado School Supt. Emeritus Denver COLORADO of Mines I to provide a regu­ Public Schools. lar channel through which By THOMAS P. CAMPBELL MAX W. BALL, '08 gifts, bequests and other Consulting Petroleum donations may be made . Associate Professor of Metallurgy, Colorado School of Mines Geologist, Denver, Colo, SCHOOL e/^ MINES available; make possible the JESSE F, MCDONALD, '05 President, Carbonate employment of the best American National teachers, the production of 1. REACTIONS AND APPARATUS ing is a step preparatory to leaching; and the object of the Bank, Leadville, Colo, FOUNDATION the best research and the WILLIAM D. WALTMAN, '99 provision for more adequate N ore is a metal-bearing substance from which a roast is to make one or more constituents of the ore soluble, V.-Pres„ Franco-Wyoming Established by the Colorado School of buildings and equipment. and to render harmful components less harmful. Oil Co., SSl-Sth Ave., A metal, alloy, or metallic compound can be extracted New York, N. Y. Mines Alumni Association, May 17,1928. at a profit." From which it follows that the distinction "Roasting may be defined as heating to an elevated tem­ 1 between ore and dirt is purely economic. None the less, perature, without fusion or with at most, incipient fusion, it is an essential distinction, and one well worth keeping a metal or metallic compound in contact with"" some oxi­ in mind. dizing or reducing agent in order to effect a chemical Ores may be classified broadly according to the manner change in one or more solid constituents, and to ebminate in which the metals occur in the economic minerals. Thus one or more components by volatilization. Roasting should Endowment for a Greater School of Mines we have native, oxide, and sulfide ores. Gold, silver, not be confused with calcining'' which is the "process of platinum, copper and mercury are the metals most common­ expelling a volatile constituent of a compound at a tempera­ ly found in the native, or elementary state in nature. In ture below fusion without otherwise affecting chemically What Endowments Have Done for Other Schools Throughout the Country the oxide group, we may include any metal in the form of the resulting product".** oxide, or in any of its oxygen salts (carbonate, silicate, sul­ Thus we may classifj' roasting processes according to the phate, etc.). The sulfide group then comprises the sulfides, particular agent emplo5'ed to bring about the "chemical The Mines Alumni Association was organized primarily Harvard is not the only institution of higher learning arsenides, tellurides, antimonides, etc., of the metals. There change". For example, Ave may distinguish oxidizing, for the promotion of greater friendship among those who that has progressed because of the liberality of its friends. are some occurrences, also, of halogen salts of the metals,—• chloridizing, sulphatizing, and reducing roasts." Then, for have been trained as engineers at the Colorado School of There are ten universities and colleges in the United States e.g., "horn silver", AgCl. the first, ox5'gen (from air) is the active agent, and Ave may Mines. This Association, however, is something more than that have a $20,000,000 endowment or greater. These a social organization, and its activities in furthering the schools, it is true, are strictly endowed colleges; but there Aside from native metals and oxides, practically all ores represent the reaction simply by engineering profession have met with much success. • are a number of state supported institutions that have large require some kind of preliminary treatment to render their 1 .... 2MS-f 30,=2MO+SO,,+heat, metal content soluble in commercial solvents. To carry out In building a greater School of Mines, the Alumni feel endowments. AA'here M stands for any bivalent metal. The object of the a satisfactory leach in a reasonable length of time it is that they are contributing to the advancement of the min­ chloridizing roast is to form soluble metal chlorides. The ENDOWED STATE SCHOOLS necessary that the mineral to be attacked be exposed with eral industries. It has been this desire to build which has most common procedure is, first, to carry out an oxidizing as large a surface as possible in proportion to the mass, and prompted Mines men to sponsor the Colorado School of More than fifteen state universities and colleges are en­ roast in AA'hich is formed a certain amount of sulfate (usual­ that the mineral particles be of such chemical nature that Mines Foundation Plan. This plan has provided a regular dowed with one million dollars or over. The University of ly of iron and copper) ; and then to mix this product Avith they can react readily with the solvent employed. channel through which gifts, bequests and other donations Texas heads this list with over $17,000,000 endowment. salt (NaCl) and reheat, or alloAV to cool sloAA'ly Avith mix­ may be received and administered for the emploj'ment of State institutions having a million dollars endowment or This may seem like putting the cart before the horse. ing. The essential reaction involved here is that betAA^een the best teachers, the production of the most fruitful re­ over are: The University of California, the University of That is, it would seem more logical to fit the solvent to the SO.j and salt; mineral rather than the mineral to the solvent. But as a search, and for the construction of more adequate buildings. Idaho, the University of Michigan, Missouri University, 2.... 2NaCl+2SO,=Na,SO^-f Cl,+SO,, matter of practice, and of cold commercial fact, it is usually The sponsoring of the Foundation Plan is the most sig­ the University of Nebraska, University of North Carolina, or between H.jSO^ and salt: better, both metallurgically and economically, to treat the nificant task that has ever been undertaken by the Mines North Dakota Agricultural College, the University of 3 .... "2NaCl+H,SO,=Na2SO,+2HCl. Alumni Association. North Dakota, Ohio State University, the University of ore to adapt it to a given solvent, rather than to employ ex­ Thus cupric sulfate and ferrous sulfate form cupric chloride Pennsylvania, the University of Southern California, the pensive, complex, or highly corrosive liquids for the extrac­ tion of each given ore. and ferrous chloride in the presence of salt; these chlorides, HARVARD'S ENDOWMENT University of Texas, the University of Vermont, the Uni­ Thus, for instance, there are a number of solvents which together with AA'hatever free chlorine or HCl may also be The full significance of what this plan may mean to the versity of Virginia and the University of Washington. can be used in the laboratory to dissolve sphalerite, ZnS, present, then react Avith silver, or insoluble silver com­ School of Mines in future j'ears, may be gleaned from the The majority of these are western schools but none of or pyrite, FeSg, or a mixture of both. But hot, concen­ pounds, to yield brine-soluble silver chloride. This general reports on endowments of older institutions. Harvard them are from the Rocky Mountain group. Two Rocky trated acids are hard to handle in large quantities and their type of chloridizing roast fell into disuse for many )'ears University, for instance, has accumulated approximately Mountain colleges have over one million dollars endow­ action is not selective. Hence, in this case, the problem is folloAA'ing the introduction of cyanidation of gold and silver 100 million dollars endowment since John Harvard's ment, but these are not state institutions. much simplified if we change the iron and zinc to oxides by ores, but has been revived lately in connection Avith brine initial gift of his library volumes in 1603. President heating the sulfides in contact with air. Then we can dis­ leaching of lead-silver ores, residues, etc. Lowell's report for 1928-29 records that "the sums received NOT IMPOSSIBLE FOR MINES solve the ZnO in dilute (10%) sulphuric acid and at the Another type of chloridizing roast utilizes the direct from gifts and legacies have been larger than ever before." same time attack very little of the iron. Again, consider action of chlorine gas on zinc sulphide. Blende is not More than thirteen and one half million dollars came to A million dollar endowment for the Colorado School of an ore containing an inert substance such as AgjTe; this attacked by salt, nor is zinc sulphate at the usual roasting Harvard last 5'ear through personal contributions and be­ Mines may seem a remote dream now, but it is not an im­ cannot be extracted economically with any solvent; but by temperatures; but zinc sulphide, chlorine, and an oxidizing quests on the part of those interested in the welfare of this' possibility. The school has numerous friends in the min­ heating in air the Te is eliminated as TeOj, and the silver agent react readily— institution. This large sum does not include subscriptions eral industries, and it is only a matter of acquainting these then becomes amenable to cyanidation. made by Harvard alumni to the Alumni Endowment Fund. friends with the Alumni's purpose in order to secure their 4 .. .. ZnS+Cl,+0,=ZnCL+S02; According to President Lowell's report, some of the large assistance. The Foundation plan is new, and few realize The aim of every hydrometallurgical process is, essen­ and the reaction is highly exothermic. Since zinc chloride gifts were as follows: A gift of over 145 thousand dollars yet that the Mines Alumni have undertaken to endow their tially, to dissolve, as selectively and completely as possible, is volatile above 730°C, this AA'ould appear to be a sound some one metal or metallic compound from a mass of solid for a new gymnasium; a five and one half million dollar School. Greater success will come in time as the Alumni «—Hofman, General Metallurgy, p. 403; N. Y., 1913. gift for the construction of houses, in accordance Avith make their purpose known. There is no reason why an particles. Unfortunately, however, very few ores contain '—Strangely enough, the product of an oxidizing roast is usually called metals or their compounds which are directly soluble in com­ "the calcine." Harvard's new housing plan for undergraduate students; institution with the reputation that the School of Mines —Hofman, op. cit., p. 402. mercial solvents. In the great majority of cases, then, it "—For more detailed information on roasting reactions, see Hofman, op. cit., and several gifts exceeding $100,000 for construction of has built cannot be considered worthy of its friends' pp. 403-415; also Greenawalt, Hydrometallurgy of Copper; and B. of Mines building and "general purposes of the university." generosity. is necessary to roast the ore, or concentrate. Thus roast­ Bull. no. 270, "Production of Sponge Iron; AA^ashington, 1927.

Page Fifteen APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in^ The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in APRIL 1930 method for separating a soluble compound of zinc from ]% Cu) which contain iron and copper sulfides. The Now if we take particles of different sizes, and beat them ores and concentrates. Unfortunatelj', however, chloride reaction rate is very slow (say six years required to effect together, in contact with air, we notice that the smaller ones solutions are difficult to handle, and are particularly a 70% recovery), being dependent upon the action of dis­ ignite at a lower temperature than do tbe larger particles. troublesome in electrolysis, so that this roast is not of im­ solved oxygen in solutions percolating slowly downward Further, if we take particles of uniform size, but of differ­ mediate value. through heaps of coarsely broken ore to yield cupric sulfate ent minerals, we notice that some minerals ignite at a much lower temperature than others.^" In a general way, it The reducing roast is very little used; its chief applica­ and ferrous and ferric sulphates. may be said that the ignition temperatures of the various tion is in treatment of silicates and ferruginous substances; The great bulk of ores and concentrates today are handled by one of two types of roasting apparatus. For minerals stand in about the same order as their molecular 5 .. . . CuSiO,-KCO=Cu+Si02+CO„, roasting ahead of C5'ahidation, and for most chloridizing heats of formation (q.v.), for uniform grain size. 6 . ... 3Fe,03+CO=2Fe30^+CO.. roasting, the Edwards straight-line, mechanically rabbled, In brief, we are dealing with a sj'stem in which the re­ Of late years the production of base-metal sulfates has furnace is largely used^*; while for practically all other action takes place at one or more surfaces, or interfaces, attained to some importance. In almost any normal oxi­ ores and concentrates undergoing oxidizing and sulphatiz­ between different phases. The heat evolved is an approxi­ dizing roast a certain amount of SO, is formed in the gases ing roasts ahead of leaching, some modification of the cjdin- mate measure of the "affinity", and the temperature is a in contact with the solid ore bed. This oxidation of SO, is drical, superimposed hearth furnace is employed. These measure of the intensity factor, or the "push" required to undoubtedly due to the catalytic action of certain of the furnaces are manufactured under various names, such as start the reaction (energy change) going. Evidently, then, solid surfaces; and since the trioxide begins to break down Skinner, McDougal, Evans-Klepetko, Wedge, Herreshoff, since we are concerned with a reaction at a surface, it fol­ rapidly only above 400° C, considerable amounts of sulfate etc.^". Figure 1 shows the Skinner roaster, a tj'pical fur­ lows that the greater the surface exposed in proportion to maj' be formed in slowly rabbled, relatively cool portions nace of this t5'pe, and the travel of solid particles through the masses involved, the faster the reaction will go. Hence of a roasting mass. Taking advantage of these facts, con­ the furnace. See also figures 2 and 3. The differences in roasting we should try to have the particles as small as siderable work has been done on the production of water- between the various types are those of degree, rather than possible. The lower limit to grain size must then be de­ soluble zinc sulphate from concentrates and ores, and of of kind. termined by economic factors, such as cost of grinding, dust copper sulphate from matte by means of the conctirreni Rotary kilns (such as cement kilns) have found appli­ loss, etc.; and the optimum grain size for a given case roast, and the split-draft roast'^°. The reactions taking cation in certain cases for reducing roasts and, more late- usually represents a compromise between the metallurgist place may be conveniently represented— and the treasurer. Incidentally, this condition will be Liddell, Handbook of Chemical Engineering, vol. II, p. 817; N. Y., 1922. found to obtain throughout all industry. 7 .... 2MS-f 30,^2MO+SO.„ —^Hofman, op. cit., p. 428. See aho various trade catalogues; e.g., Pacific Foundry Co., Colorado Iron Worlcs, Bethlehem Foundry & iNIachine Co., Tbe initial reaction takes place at the exposed surface 2SO,-HO,=2SO„ etc. MO+SO",=MSb,. of the solid particles; but almost immediately that surface is altered from sulfide to oxide and is covered by a layer of Another method of forming sulphates which has come the gaseous reaction product, SO,. Before the reaction can into importance recently^^ is that utilizing the direct action proceed, it is necessary to remove this gas film in order that of very hot, concentrated sulphuric acid on certain metallic FIGURE 2—Travel of ore through a seven-heartli Wedge furnace. fresh air can come to the next underlying sulfide surface. compounds,—notably "zinc ferrate" (ZnFe^O^), a common Furthermore, this air must then penetrate through the outer insoluble formed in zinc roasting. Here the aim is to con­ layer of oxide before encountering the reactive sulfide sur­ vert all the bases to sulphates, and then to break down some ly, in the metallurgy of mercury. Tunnel kilns, with pan face. Once this is accomplished, the SOj, Nj, and other of them by thermal decomposition. Incidentallj', this is a conveyors, are convenient for use in sulphatization with inert gases, if any, must diffuse out again through the oxide good way of volatilizing water-soluble arsenic and other concentrated sulphuric acid. layers before they can be swept away to make room for similar troublesome impurities. The sulphatizing reaction more air. Thus, as the roast proceeds, the reaction rate between the ferrate and, say, 66° Be acid, takes place 2. THEORY OF ROASTING. must become slower and slower, since diffusion is not a readily at temperatures over 200°C— rapid process at best, and since all the pores, or channels, In any roasting reaction we have to deal with a poly­ 8 . . .. ZnFe,0,-K4H,SO,-=ZnSO,-KFe,(SOJ„-K4H,0; phase system. That is, we have one or more kinds of solid, 1"—Hofman, op. cit., p. 404. then at temperatures above 560°C the ferric sulphate under­ one or more kinds of gas, and goes an energetic decomposition— perhaps a liquid phase as well, —as in the case of the sulphatiz­ 9.... 2Fe, (SO J 3=2Fe,0,-K6SO„ ing roast with liquid acid. 6SO,$:6SO,-^30,; Hence we have what is known as a heterogeneous sj'stem, or whereas at temperatures below 700 °C, the zinc sulphate re­ system of more than one phase. mains unaffected. The application of this type of roasting has accomplished a notable increase in the overall recovery To take the simplest case, of zinc at one large electrolytic plant; and has made pos­ suppose we are dealing with the sible the recoverj' of pure electrolytic cadmium from lead reaction between ZnS and air. blast furnace flue dust. Furthermore it may attain to con­ By experiment we find that, siderable importance in the future in connection with the once this solid/gas system is recovery of alumina from alurainosilicates.^- heated to a sufficient tempera­ Since the ores and concentrates which must be roasted ture (about 650°C) the oxygen for hj'drometallurgical purposes are usually fine-grained,— of the air reacts with the sul­ as zinc concentrates,—and since in any event the time of fide, producing ZnO and SOj. & roasting and the completeness of the roast are both favored If some iron is present (as by small grain-size, the older methods of roasting in heaps pyrite, for instance), other re- " . and stalls find little application today. In certain cases^^, actions may take place, not only ^^J°<-^ to be sure, roasting and leaching actions are combined; such- in the solid, but in the gas phase ^ conditions usually apply to low-grade copper ores (less than as well. Two points may be noted at once, however; first, "^Coolbaugh & Read, U. S. Pat. Tios. 1644692 (1927), 1582347 (1926), 1657711 (1928), 1694794 (1928), 1719534 (1929), 1744867 (1930). the temperature must be kept . B. H. Strom, E, & M. J. 129, 79 (1930). above a certain minimum point; —Ralston, et al, "Acid Processes for the Extraction of Alumina;" B. ot Mines Bull. no. 267, 1927. and second, the reaction evolves r-t—"Heap Leaching Low Grade Ores at Bisbee, Arizona", A- W- Hudson, Min. Congress Jour., p. 114, Feb., 1926. Trans. A. I. M. & M. E. LXIX, 1923. FIGURE 1—Skinner Roaster. heat,—is exothermic.

Paae Sixteen Page Seventeen APRIL 1930 APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Maga'^in

If w represents the weight of a given material, At the through the oxide layers must carry two-way traffic with­ To summarize the foregoing, we may list the more im­ temperature change, and h the specific heat of the material, out the aid of any such master minds or mechanical de­ portant factors governing the speed and extent of roasting —100 then vices as preside over our street intersections. as follows; H=hxwxAt, (a) Particle size (ratio of surface to mass), The actual conditions in a roasting furnace are still more H (b) Chemical nature of the particle, complicated by the fact that the solid particles are not or At= , (c) Surface condition of the particle, isolated from each other, nor is there free access of air to hxw all particles on all sides. The ore, or concentrate, usually (d) Agitation of the bed (rabbbng), where H is the total heat absorbed or evolved in the tem­ lies in a bed, several inches deep, on the hearth of the (e) Rate of air feed, perature change, and is the sensible heat or heat content. furnace. Hence, in order that all particles may roast at (f) Temperature, Unfortunately, the value of h remains constant only over about the same rate, the bed must be stirred, or rabbled. (g) Impurities in the ore (formation of insolubles). small temperature ranges,—if, indeed, it can be said to be Here again, theory would call for a rate of stirring which The interaction of all these factors leads to a lack of constant at all,—for all known substances. Hence, in cal­ usually proves to be uneconomic; power, furnace deprecia­ direct proportionality between time of roast and extent culations involving large temperature changes we must tion, dust loss, and other costs mount rapidly with rate of of roast. To simplify the case, however, we may assume know tbe mean value of h for the range in question, or rabbling. So, again, each case must be determined by a that we are dealing with a first-order reaction in a hetero­ we must express h as a function of t; e.g., balance between the factors involved. The ideal furnace geneous sj'stem; then we may write, for the instantaneous would consist simply of a shaft, or other space, in which velocity of reaction, at any time, t, measured from the start h=at-^^t^+yf'+ +h„, the solid particles could fall freely, or be injected by air of the reaction, where a, fi, y, etc., are empirical constants. blast (as in firing pulverized coal) in such a way that no dx/dt=KS(a—x), Item (3) depends upon the type of roast concerned, for two particles would touch, and all would have the same where x represents the extent of conversion (say of sulfide exposure to the oxidizing medium.^' TIME OF ROASTING K0UR3 the most part; the calculation of heats of reaction will be to oxide) at time t; a is the value of x at 100% conver­ FIGURE 4—Roasting Curves, Pecos Zinc Concentrate. taken up later. Item (6) is usually very difficult of exact Since not only the rate, but also the extent, of a roast sion ; K is a constant characteristic of the system, and S is calculation; if the exposed surface, the material of which it depends upon the percolation of gases through the pores the surface factor. Assuming that KS remains constant, temperature or "isothermal" process. That is, over any is made, and internal and external temperatures are known, of a solid particle, it follows that the density (concentra­ integrating and converting to Log^o, we have period of time, the heat lost must equal the beat gained; the heat loss by radiation and convection can be estimated^" tion of matter) of the solid must be of importance. Thus and by proper analysis and calculation we may set up a with a fair degree of accuracy; but, as a rule, this loss magnetite, Fe^O^, is more dense than hematite, Fe^O^; and "heat balance" sheet for the process. is best determined by difference,—as shown below in the by the same token magnetite is reduced at about one-half For convenience of calculation, then, we may list the example of an actual roaster heat balance. the speed of hematite b)' hydrogen, for equal weights, and thermal items involved as follows: Under the heat gained, or thermal asset, items, the first equal particle size. In the case of an oxidizing roast, the That is, the degree of completion of the roast is a logarith­ matter for consideration is that of the "Heat of Reaction". density of the solid product is the important factor; if the mic function of time, as shown, for example, by Fig. 4. (a) Thermal Assets; Heat Gained— This, in turn, leads to some of the concepts of thermo­ oxide formed is of low porosity, then the rate of movement Curve A is the theoretical, and curve B the actual course of (1) Combustion of external fuel. chemistry. of gases to and from the active surface must be slow, and reaction in roasting a Pecos Zinc Concentrate of composition (2) Heats of reaction occurring on or in the ore To take a simple case, let us consider the reaction the roast must be slow. Of course, sintering must also be Zn Fe Pb Cu Insol. bed (exothermic reactions). avoided, since this produces an impervious surface, and (b) Thermal Liabilities; Heat Lost— 2H2-fO,=2H,0. blocks all further action. 51.4% 8.5% 1.3% 0.4% 3.6% (1) Absorbed in drying and heating solids; In words, this equation states that when 4.032 units of Rise of temperature increases the rate of all chemical at an average temperature of 1370°F.* Tbe wide de­ (2) Absorbed in drying and heating air; hydrogen gas react with 32 units of oxygen gas, there is reactions. Hence the higher the temperature, below the parture from the theoretical during the early stages of the (3) Heats of reaction in or on ore bed (endother- formed 36.032 units of water. We know that when this sintering point, the faster the roasting reaction. The limit­ roast is due to the fact that all the impurities (FeSg, CuoS, mic) ; reaction takes place, heat is also evolved; but, if we allow ing factors here are fuel cost and the production of un­ PbS, etc.) roast ahead of the ZnS. (4) Carried out of furnace in hot solids; the process to take place in, say, a gas calorimeter, so that desirable compounds. Thus in roasting zinc concentrates Of courses the application of this simple logarithmic (5) Carried out of furnace in hot gases; the product is cooled down again to room temperature, then containing iron, the ferric oxide and zinc oxide formed com­ function to an actual roasting operation postulates the (6) Lost by radiation and convection, water in the liquid form is obtained. The net heat eifect, bine rapidly above 750° to form zinc ferrate, which is not existence of ideal conditions which may be approached, but In other words, a heat balance sheet is to the metallur­ as measured by the calorimeter, is called the "Heat of readily soluble in dilute sulfuric acid. In some zinc ores never attained in practice. None tbe less, the realization gist what a financial balance sheet is to the accountant: it formation of water. "| Thus, for the above reaction, the iron and zinc are combined as a double sulfide known that the general ti'end of a roasting reaction is along an shows not only distribution, but condition as well. the heat evolved is found to be 246,200 B.t.u. To as marmatite, "the isomorphous iron of which, on roasting, exponential curve is helpful in interpreting the observed Considering first the debit items, we note that all except complete our verbal statement, then, we should say that so readily combines to form zinc ferrate that no satisfactory facts of commercial roasting operations. (3) and (6) fall in the class known as "sensible heats", when 36.032 pounds of liquid water are formed from the method of overcoming this difficulty has }'et been developed. It should be noted that the relation or "heat content". Sensible heat means physical heat (as elements, hydrogen and oxygen, the heat given off at 60°F is 246,200 B.t.u.-^ Zinc ferrate can be broken up, of course, by sulphatizing the dx/dt=KS(a—x) distinguished from chemical heat, as heat of reaction), and zinc, but the problem of disposing of the surplus sulphuric is calculated by multiplying the weight of material by tbe ^°—Walker, Lewis & McAdams, Principles of Chemical Engineering, Ch. IV; holds only for constant temperature. As a matter of fact, acid would have to be overcome and a new roasting tech­ temperature change and by the mean specific heat of the N. Y., 1923. Ray & Kreisingcr, Flow of Heat Through Furnace Walls, B. of the hearth temperatures are seldom constant throughout a Mines Bull. No. 8; Washington, 1912. nique developed. Careful work has shown that each unit material over this temperature range. Specific heat, in =^1—Haslam & Russell, op. cit., Ch. VIII. roaster,—although the temperature on any one hearth, or in t—This quantity is measured either in calories per gram, kilogram-calories of isomorphous iron under normal roasting conditions ren­ turn, is defined as the quantity of heat energy required to a given region, usually remains fairly constant. For in­ per kilogram, pound calories per pound, B.t.u. per pound, or in the corresponding' ders approximately 0.58 of a unit of zinc insoluble as zinc raise unit mass through unit temperature change under molal quantities. The usual practice is to express heats of -formation in terms o'f stance, at Trail, B.C., the hearth temperatures of the calories per gram-mole, or in B.t.u. per pourid-mole. ferrate. In other words, practically all the iron in the given conditions (e.g., at constant temperature or at con­ Wedge furnaces are about as follows marmatite is found existing as zinc ferrate after a normal stant volume).** From this it appears that specific beat New Editor for Mining Age roast. The iron in the ore, which is present as pyrite or 2nd hearth, 1430°F; 3rd hearth, 1420°F; is the proportionality constant, or connecting link, between 4th hearth, 1360°F; 5th hearth, 1315°F; PS'rrhotite, does not combine to the same extent. The most temperature, or heat intensity, and quantity of heat (asso­ J. A. Theobald, for sixteen j'ears editor and manager 6th hearth, 1350°F; 7th hearth, 1230°F. important factors determining the quantity of ferrate form­ ciated with matter),—just as tbe "specific resistance", p of the Summit County Journal at Breckenridge, Colo., re­ ed by pyritic iron are: (1) the temperature of the ore bed, (The hearths are numbered from tbe top down; no. 1 is connects tbe obmic resistance of an electrical conductor with cently became the Editor and Manager of the Mining Age, (2) the length of time the particles are in contact, (3) tbe dryer hearth.) its dimensions, or as the "reluctance" of a magnetic cir­ Colorado's monthly magazine covering the mining industry fineness of the particles, (4) the conditions under which the However, considering the furnace as a whole, we may cuit links flux with magnetomotive force. over the Rocky Mountain states. conceive of the operation as being essentially a constant roast is finished, viz., oxidizing, sulphatizing, or reduc- * *—We have in common use two systems of heat units: the British and the Associated with Mr. Theobald in this new venture will Metric. In the former, the unit of heat quantity is the British Thermal Unit, ing."^^ Copper and iron oxides also form a ferrate; and, in —The Development of the Sullivan Min'e, and Processes for the Treatment be W. R. Lewis, for ten 5'ears editor and publisher of the of its Ores; Staff of the Cons. Min. & Smelt. Co., Trail, B. C; Trans. Can. defined as l/180th part of the energy required to raise one pound of water from fact, such compounds are common under the generic name In.st. Min. & Met., vol. XXVII, p. 35; 1924. Also E. & M. J. 122, 5, 18S 32° to 212°F. (See Haslam & Russell, Fuels and their Combustion, p. 138; N. Mineral Age. Mining Age will continue in the field of Y., 1926). Similarly, in the metric system, the gram-calorie may be defined as of "spinels"." (1926). the Mineral Age, adding many new features to its pre­ 1"—Text-book of Mineralogy, E. S. Dana; p. 337; N. Y., 1898. the quantity of energy required to heat one gram of water through 1°C. (See *—Hydrometallurgical Laboratory, Colorado School of Mines; hand rabbled Lewis & Randall, Thermodynamics, p. 59; N. Y., 1923). Thus, in either sys­ decessor in the field. "—Fulton & Read; Trans. A. I. Al, & M, E. LXXI, 929, 1925. iir electric muffle furnace. tem, the specific heat of liquid water is 1. (1 B.t.u. = 252 cal.) Page Nineteen Page Eighteen APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma ga-^in e The Colorado School of Mines Magax^ine APRIL 1930

Oil and Gas Flow Through Reservoir Rocks

By BYRON B. BOATRIGHT*

SOURCES OF RESISTANCE differential small. This waste of energy can be A number of factors enter into a consideration minimized by control of producing pressures. of energy losses due to friction in a sand. The Formation of Drainage Channels. porosity of the sand, distance the oil travels, That drainage channels may be formed in oil presence of drainage channels and the phj'sical horizons, by migrating oil and gas, is borne properties of the oil all have a bearing upon out by the fact that wells with small produc­ the magnitude of the friction loss. tion are sometimes found between good Pore Friction producers in spite of similar sand conditions. Porosity: The amount of resistance to the Tbe presence of these channels would ob­ One of the three reverberator}/ furnace models recently presented to the Colorado School of Mines, Department of viously tend to lower the energy loss due to Metallurgy. This model was used in the Carson Patent litigation. flow of any given fluid through a sand is dependent upon the degree and continuity friction. The beneficial effects of these of porosity. Sands with a large percentage lanes of low resistance in a sand are offset of pore space have less surface in contact to some extent by the plugging of pore School Given Model Furnaces with the oil; consequently less friction loss spaces near the well with debris resulting occurs. This adpantage is lost unless the from their formation. Used in the Carson Patent Litigation porosity is continuous throughout the sand. Physical Properties of Oil Size of Grains: The permeability of the The resistance to flow exhibited by a sand is also affected by tbe size of the sand OME time ago the Colorado School of Mines received tion on both sides, and the legal expenses must have been sand and the amount of oil retained in a particles. It has been experimentally from the American Smelting and Refining Company enormous. sand after the economic limit is reached are S determined that water will flow 2500 i three of the copper reverberatory furnace models used in Carson himself was a man of limited means, and could influenced by tbe phj'sical properties of the times as fast through gravel as through sand the famous Carson patent litigation. The gift was made not have conducted the litigation single-handed. He suc­ oil. A study of the relation of surface ten­ with the same porosity. Capillary action is through the kindness of A. F. Richards, manager of the ceeded, however, in interesting a group of capitalists, in­ sion, viscosity and gas absorptive power to greater in the sand and some clogging of the Tacoma plant of the smelting company. Mr. Richards cluding Rudolf Spreckels, the sugar magnate. The Carson the underground flow of fluids is essential pore spaces probably takes place. If bubbles is the father of A. F. Richards, Jr., who was a student at Investment Company was organized to defend the patents, to an understanding of the subject. They of gas are present there is an additional re­ Mines for a time during the first semester of the present and from that time there was no lack of funds. will be discussed separately although each in­ tarding action due to the "Jamin effect" occur- school year. fluences the other to some degree. According to the newspapers, the total sum that Carson ing in the capillary pore spaces of the sand. The models have been set up in the Metallurgical De­ Surface Tension: Surface tension is a result and his associates are entitled to receive from the smelting Jamin Effect: "Jamin effect" is used to desig­ partment. They are about five and one half feet long, and of the unbalanced valencies existing on the sur­ companies may amount to as much as $20,000,000. Ana­ nate the increased force required to produce a have been very carefully constructed. Every important face of a liquid. It acts the same as would a conda alone was sued for $15,000,000. The courts, how­ given flow, through a capillary tube, when bubbles of detail of a full sized furnace is shown in the models, with membrane stretched across the surface of the liquid ever, decided that the damages in each case should be gas are present. The magnitude of this force depends each dimension according to its proper scale. The group of except that surface tension has no relation to the determined by estimating the additional earnings due to upon the surface tension of the fluid and upon the num­ three models includes one representing a reverberatory fur­ area involved. the use of the furnace feeding sj'stem covered hj the pat­ ber of bubbles present. nace equipped for side feeding only, one, pictured in tbe ents. For some time past the Anaconda company has been A number of variables influence the surface tension of accompanying illustration, a side fed furnace which has been conducting tests on two furnaces for this purpose. One In fine sands the "Jamin effect" may be responsible for any given oil. It increases with increased density. Density converted into one feeding from the center; and one a of the furnaces is fed from the side, as specified in the pat­ a large part of the friction loss. It has been calculated^ is decreased by a rise in temperature or an increase in the furnace which is fed from the center only. The first two ents, and the other from the center. The tests are being that the pressure drop caused by this effect may amount amount of gas absorbed in the oil. The amount of gas models represent furnaces fired by oil or pulverized coal, carried out under the supervision of a third party. to as much as 100 pounds per sq. in. per foot of sand thick­ absorbed in turn, for any given oil and gas, varies directly and the third, an old-fashioned furnace using grate firing The American Smelting and Refining Company has just ness. Maintenance of sand pressures, which tends to keep as tbe pressure (Henry's Law). Indirectly then, surface with run of mine coal. announced, in its annual report for 1929, that it had the gases in solution and reduce surface tension, will re­ tension is affected by the temperature and pressure of the It might not be amiss to refer briefly to the long drawn effected a settlement in full with the Carson Investment duce friction losses from this cause. formation, another reason for maintaining back pressure out lawsuits waged against the copper smelting companies Company for $1,059,585, which includes also the right to Production Rate: The rate at which oil is produced has on producing wells. by George C. Carson, the holder of the patents covering the use the patents until their expiration. Adjustments have an appreciable affect upon the pore friction. If oil con­ Except for its influence upon the Jamin effect, surface side feeding of reverberatory furnaces. The litigation ex­ been and are now being made with a number of other com­ taining gas is allowed to flow rapidly, the gas has a tendency tension is not an important factor in a consideration of the tended over a period of many years, and involved all of panies, but in most cases no details are published. to escape through the center of the pores leaving the more sources of resistance to underground fluid flow. It is how­ the leading copper sulfide smelting companies in the United George Campbell Carson is an old time prospector and viscous oil behind. This will result in a Avastage of gas ever, through its influence upon capillarity and adhesion, States. Two of these companies, the American Smelting inventor whose home is in California. He does not seem energy and lower ultimate recoverj'. responsible for the major portion of the oil retained in a and Refining Company and the Anaconda Copper Mining to have had any practical experience in copper smelting, Distance Oil Must Travel sand after the economic limit has been reached. The oil Company carried the fight to the United States Supreme but claims to have erected and operated an experimental held in a sand by these two forces mark the limit of extract- Court. In both instances, however, the case was remanded The force necessary to cause flow is directly proportional reverberatory furnace at Berkeley. He applied for his first to the distance through which the fluid must move, pro­ able oil and can be obtained only by solution, replace­ back to the lower courts, where Carson had won out. The ment or distillation. patent on Jan. 15, 1907. It was a long time, however, viding the resistance encountered is uniform. In the early decision of the Supreme Court refusing to review the Ana­ before the Government could see any merit in the applica­ stages of a well's life, unless control measures are adopted, The adhesive power exhibited by an oil with respect to conda case was made on October 22, 1928, and probably tion, and the patent was not granted until Aug. 10, 1915, the oil in the immediate vicinitj' of the well bore receives a solid depends upon the composition of the solid, roughness marked the close of the litigation as to the validity of Car­ more than eight years after it had been filed. Another the benefit of the energy available due to large pressure of the faces of the solid and the surface tension of the oil. son's patents. patent was granted on April 20, 1919. As there may be as much as several hundred square feet of differentials. As the oil travels only a short distance this The Anaconda Company fought its own case for three The first suit was started on August 17, 1921, against sand area exposed to contact with oil, in a cubic foot of energy is not needed nearly so much as in later stages when 5'ears after the American Smelting and Refining Company the Afterthought Copper Compan}', a small mining and sand, adhesion plaj's a more important part in the retention the distances are comparatively great and the pressure had lost in its appeal to the Supreme Court. Charles Evans smelting company operating in Northern California. A of oil by a sand than often realized. Hughes was Anaconda's chief counsel during this period. small organization was chosen because the suit was in the * —Professor of Petroleum Engineering, Colorado School of Mines. Capillary attraction exhibited by an oil depends upon its Many other well known lawj'ers took part in the litiga­ ^—^A'liller: "Function of Natural Gas in Production of Oil" Cooperative (Continued on page 2$) report U. S. B. of M, and A. P. I. 1929. surface tension, the force of gravity at that point, and the Page Twenty Paae Tiventv-one The Colorado School of Mines Magazin APRIL 1930 APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magaz.in diameter of the capillary opening. Under atmospheric The composition of the gas in contact with the oil has conditions this force has been estimated to be equivalent a decided effect upon its absorptive power. Methane is the Courses in Applied Geophysics Given at the to as much as 700 pounds per square inch for oil. It is least soluble with Air and Hydrogen next. Ethane, Pro­ about three times as large for pure water. pane and Butane have progressively higher solubility. Car­ As capillarity is affected by surface tension it is also bon Dioxide is the most soluble of tbe gases commonly Colorado School of Mines associated with oil. dependent upon the pressure and temperature of the forma­ By C. H. C. BRADEN tion. The force of gravity and diam­ High gravity oils will absorb more eter of the openings are factors which of a given gas than low gravity oils. HERE has been a great deal of This short description of Other courses are for graduates cannot be controlled. Conservation The solubility decreases with in­ Tdiscussion lately upon the teach­ and deal with the various methods or restoration of gas pressures thus creased temperature. The presence the Colorado School of The first part of this article ing of applied geophysics in the min­ of prospecting with geophysical in­ become the only methods of reducing of liquified gas in the oil decreases Mines' courses in applied geo­ was published in January. It eral industries schools. Several papers struments. the amount of oil held in a sand by the density and increases power to •was planned at that time to have been presented at various asso­ physics is given for the pur­ The course in general geophysics this agent. absorb gases. The amount absorbed publish the second part in the. ciation meetings, and a conference on pose of bringing to the atten­ at the School of Mines is given varies directly as the absolute pres­ Viscosity: Frictional resistance to February number, but unfore­ the teaching of geophysics was held throughout the school year, three sure; again stressing the necessity of tion of the companies now flow, offered by an oil, depends prin­ seen interruptions prevented at the Colorado School of Mines in hours a week. The second part of the maintaining formation pressures. employing geophysical meth­ cipally upon its viscosity. It might be Professor Boatright from co?n- October 1929. course is required of senior students defined as, "The property of a fluid ods of prospecting the nature pleting his manuscript in time UNUSED ENERGY The proceedings of this conference in the geological option and of by virtue of which it resists flow." for either the February or and extent of the training advanced students taking the special After reaching tbe well bore, the have been pubbshed in mimeographed The quantity of oil which will flow March issue. offered at the School of Mines. geophysical work, while the first part fluid contains the fraction of its orig­ form by the School of Mines. Several through a sand, under given condi­ The preceding article dealt is required of the latter only. inal energy not used in overcoming conclusions were reached at this meet­ tions, is inversely proportional to its zvith the sources of energy, The first semester is devoted to a study of the physics of frictional resistance in tbe reservoir. ing in regard to the teaching of geophysics. Principal viscosity. To produce a given flow, represented in the equation de­ the earth. The physical aspects of the evolution of the This remaining energy is represented among these was the recommendation that all instruction the pressure required varies directly rived from Bernoulli's theorem earth are discussed, and includes work in the fields of in the equation, derived in the pre- in geophysics, except general courses, be given only to as the viscosity. It thus becomes ob­ by (X^-fPiVi), responsible for paleogeography and paleoclimatology. Following this in­ V,' graduate students. It was also recommended that pre­ vious that anything tending to reduce underground fluid flow. This troduction to tbe subject, constitution and dynamics of the ceding article, by P2V2 requisites for students of applied geophj'sics should include or prevent an increase in viscosity will article tuill deal with the sources atmosphere are studied, special attention being given to 2g courses in geology, physics and mathematics. It was agreed result in greater ultimate recovery of of resistance to floiu represent­ meteorology and atmospheric electricity. The third part of V, that the study of geology should be comprehensive and the oil. ed in the derived equation by tbe first semester's work deals with the constitution and The energy represented by thorough, and that tbe training in mathematics and physics Viscosity of oils is reduced by ab­ (F) and unused energy repre- dynamics of the hydrosphere. The fourth part of this 2g should be adequate for tbe interpretation of results and sorbed gas. As stated before, the semester is devoted to the constitution and dynamics of the can be disregarded for all practical for the prosecution of research work. amount of gas absorbed by an oil de­ lithosphere. It deals with the shape and density of the sented by purposes. It is due entirely to veloc- The conference outlined a necessary prerequisite course creases with increased temperature earth, gravity, isostasy, earth magnetism, radioactivit}', earth 2g ity and in all but exceptional cases and an advanced course in geophysical prospecting. The and increases with increased pressure. electricity, physical and chemical composition of the in­ will have a value equivalent to less representatives at this conference questioned the advisability The presence of liquified gas in the oil terior of tbe earth, movement of the earth in space, migra­ than one pound of pressure head. of all schools' giving advanced work in applied geophysics. decreases the viscosity directly as well tion of the poles, bodily tides, volcanism, movements of the P2V2 then becomes the principal energy source for pro­ Many of the mineral industries institutions, it is believed, as greatly increasing the amount of gas which tbe oil will earth's crust and seismology. absorb. It is possible that, under the temperature and pulsion of oil to the surface. When wells are first drilled should look only to the preparation of men for advanced During the second semester a survey study of the geo­ pressure conditions found in some fields, tbe viscosity of in this energy is commonly in excess of that needed to courses in geophysics, which should be given only by one physical methods of prospecting is completed. The object tbe oil in the formation approaches that of kerosene. produce the oil and often has been allowed to waste by ex­ or two schools having the necessary equipment. of this part of the course is to present an introduction to all No attempt will be made to discuss the effect of gas com­ panding through separators or traps. This can be avoided geophysical methods of prospecting and point out their position upon the viscosity of oils, in this article. How­ to a great extent through proper back pressure control COLORADO SCHOOL OF MINES COURSES relative merits. No work with the instruments is given ever, it should be taken into consideration in repressuring within economic limits. A course in applied geophysics maj' be planned according in this general course. The geophj'sical methods are dis­ problems. In addition to the wasted energy, which means that tbe to the trade school idea where men would be taught to cussed in reference to their fundamental principles, ele­ wells must be produced mechanically much sooner, an in­ Gas Absorptive Power: Through its effect upon viscosity handle the instruments with little or no theory included mentary theory, properties of rocks, instruments, the theory creased resistance to flow is set up through tbe effect of de­ and surf are tension, the ability of oils to absorb gas has a in the program of instruction; but the well balanced course, of the effects of insulated bodied and continuous formations creased pressure on tbe physical properties of the oil. The definite bearing upon energy losses due to friction in an and the most successful course, is one in which both theory upon the method at hand, and their geological applications. ultimate result is decreased recovery and an economic loss. oil horizon. and practical operation of instruments are combined. Statistical reviews of the successes so far obtained are also It has been said that a geophysicist is nothing more than presented. The methods discussed include the use of the a "real good geologist." His success in the field certainly gravity pendulum, the torsion balance, the magnetometer, calls for a thorough knowledge of geology. Geophysics the seismograph, and the various methods of electrical, geo- Interesting Geological Formation Near La Veta^ Colorado studied as a pure science is not "applied" geophysics, of tbermal, and radioactivity prospecting. course, and a practical course would necessarily include something more than theory. Instruction in any depart­ SPECIAL GEOPHYSICAL COURSES The scene pictured on the left is one of Each special geophysical course, with two exceptions, is ment of engineering must have for its objective tbe appli­ given in one semester, three lecture and three laboratory six views used in an article, "Some Inter­ cation of the principles studied in pure science to actual periods a week. The courses are so arranged that the esting Geological Formations in Southern projects. practical laboratory Avork is presented simultaneously with Colorado," which appeared in the March With this objective in mind. Dr. C. A. Heiland, profes­ tbe theory given in tbe lectures. Approximately two weeks Magazine. It shows the "Devil's Stair sor of geophysics at the Colorado School of Mines, has are set aside each semester for field work with each method. Steps," one of the dikes radiating from arranged the work of his department so that the student The field Avork AA'ith torsion balance, seismographs, and of geophysical prospecting will be trained well both in tbe west Spanish Peak, near La Veta, Colo­ magnetometers is done in an area, the geological structure theory and in the practical field operation of instruments. rado. Through a typographical error the of AA'hich has been AA'orked by the senior students during the summer folloAA'ing their junior year. The electrical AA'ork is location of this and the other formations GENERAL GEOPHYSICS COURSE done in a mining district, the vicinity of AA'hich has been pictured in the March article was given as The only course offered to undergraduates is one in gen­ surA'eyed by tbe students betAA'een their junior and senior being near La Junta. This is a rhuch re­ eral geophj'sics. The purpose of this course is to give A'ear in their mining geology course. Work in other areas gretted error. the student the necessary background for advanced work. is done if possible or feasible.

Page Tiventy-t/iree APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Magazin APRIL 1930

In addition to the so called special Depth Attainable by Electrical Methods Alumnus Made Vice President of courses, the geophysics department offers Oil Company a seminar and a class in geophj'sical re­ in Applied Geophysics Henry G; Schneider, graduated from the Colorado search, for graduate students. Repeated experiments have firmly established the conclu­ sions that there are several different electrical methods that School of Mines in 1918, was recently made Vice President EQUIPMENT can, under favorable circumstances, detect conducting min­ of tbe Dixie Oil Company, Incorporated. Mr. Schneider The following equipment is available eral bodies underground, even when their presence could will be in charge of the Land and Geological departments at the Colorado School of Mines for in­ not be inferred by any other method than actual drilling. with headquarters in Tulsa, Oklahoma. struction in geophj'sics: Torsion bal­ The primary objects of geophysical prospecting are to guide ance ; apparatus for the standardization the mining engineer in such a manner as to avoid useless of wires; two magnetometers for vertical expenditure of time and money in drilling for ore or for oil and horizontal intensity; apparatus for at random and to select for him those definite points or standardization of.same; an earth induc­ localities where the indications (magnetic, electrical, seis­ tor; instruments for the determination mic, gravitational, thermal, or radioactive) point to the of magnetic properties of rocks; mechan­ presence of mineral deposits. However, tbe exploring ical seismographs for photographic re­ physicist must himself be guided by the geologist, the min­ cording, now being supplemented by ing engineer, or the prospector into regions that are likely electromagnetic types; short wave radios to yield minerals in profitable quantities. Clearlj', then, for time signal transmission; equipment there must be close cooperation, rather than jealous com­ for the self-potential, resistivity, D.C. petition, between mining men, geologists, and those apply­ equipotential, A.C. equipotential and ing the newer methods of geophysics. electromagnetic methods; apparatus for At conferences and public meetings the two questions that the determination of resistivity of rocks arise most often are those of depth attainable in geopbj'sical and for model experiments; two sets of prospecting and of cost; both are difficult to answer. Never­ geophones; one emanation electrometer; theless, tbe question of the depth from which indications one deep well temperature apparatus. can be obtained is so fundamental that the Bureau of Mines decided to devote several months to its investigation, TEXTS Tbe results of the work done have just been published as A set of mimeographed notes together Technical Paper 463 by A, S. Eve, D. A. Keys, and F. W. with the text books by Jeffreys, Guten­ Lee. The paper discusses natural currents, parallel wires, berg and Humphreys, etc., are used dur­ elliptic polarization, use and value of direction survej's in ing the first semester of the general geo­ electromagnetic loop methods, vertical loop methods, elec­ HENRY G. SCHNEIDER, '18 physical course. In the second semester, tromagnetic induction method, alternating-current induc­ tbe text books by Ambronn and by Eve tion method, "leapfrog" surveys, surface potential method, Schneider's rise in the oil industry has been the result of and Keys, together with a quarterly pre­ and earth resistivity. An appendix discusses the use of steady and purposeful application. His affiliation with the Dart Wantland, instructor in geophysics at the Colorado School of Mines pared by tbe Colorado School of Mines Dixie Oil Company six 5'ears ago followed a period of explaining hoiv this torsion balance, lohich is part of the geophysical the megger. Copies of Bureau of Mines Technical Paper equipment in the School's laboratories, is manipulated. on "Geophysical Prospecting" are used. 463 may be obtained from tbe Superintendent of Docu­ practical experience gained in many of the major oil fields In this part of the course, extensive use ments, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C, in the United States and South America. His work during is also made of lantern slides. at a price of 15 cents. this time brought him into close contact with operations The special courses are so arranged that all geophysical The text books mentioned above are also used in the in practically every department of the oil business. With Development in Science of Geophysics. By C. A. methods of prospecting may be covered within one year. special geophj'sics courses and are supplemented by the such a varied experience, and the natural ability and train­ Heiland. The Oil and Gas Journal, October 10, 1929. This has been done in order to accommodate graduate stu­ volume on geophysical prospecting, prepared by tbe A. I. ing needed to make the most of it, Schneider's rise to the dents who are sent to the institution by oil and mining com­ M. E., and other special geophysical publications. How­ In this article Heiland gives a brief description of the top among the oil men of the Mid-Continent field is not panies. However, senior students of the Colorado School ever, the instructor uses his own notes for the most part development in science of geophysics in Germany which he surprising. A splendid future lies before him. had opportunity to study during his recent visit to that of Mines are allowed to take one special geophysical course in each special course. Schneider was very active in campus affairs while at­ country. The article is divided into the following parts: in each semester according to choice. Such stu­ tending Mines. He was captain of football in 1917 and (1) Activities of State institutions and scientists connected dents must have obtained good grades in their plaj'ed three 5'ears on the team. He was for one 5'ear a with such institutions; (2) Activities of consulting com­ mathematics and physics classes. The mathe­ member of the School of Mines faculty. matics department gives, during tbe junior year, panies; and (3) Manufacturers of instruments. a review course for students of geophysics. This Model Furnaces United States Civil Service Examination course is required of students in the geology-geo­ (Continued jrom page 20) ASSISTANT GEOPHYSICAL TECHNOLOGIST physics option. Tbe physics department also nature of a test case. Carson won, but was awarded only Applications for assistant geophj'sical technologist must gives a course, throughout the junior year, spec­ one dollar in damages. Later on, litigation was started be on file with the Civil Service Commission at Washing­ ially designed for students in geophysics, also «... against most of the larger copper companies in the United ton, D. C, not later than April 30, 1930. required in the geology-geophysics option. Con­ States, with results as above related. The examination is to fill a vacancy in the Bureau of sequently, the senior students of the Colorado The gist of the various court decisions in favor of Car­ Mines, Department of Commerce, for duty in the field, and School of Mines are well prepared for the special son and his associates was that, although tbe side feeding vacancies occurring in positions requiring similar qualifica­ courses in geophysics. The special courses are, I I of copper reverberatory furnaces seems to have been prac­ tions, for duty in Washington, D. C, or in the field. however, primarily designed for graduate stu­ ticed long before the first Carson patent bad been applied The entrance salary ranges from $2,600 to $3,100 a 5'ear. dents. for, there was no prior patent covering it, and no reference Higher-salaried positions are filled through promotion. There are six "special courses" in geophysical * I to it in technical literature. There was much scrambling by The duties are to design, develop, make drawings and prospecting offered at the Colorado School of the defendants' attorneys to find evidence to controvert la5'outs, write specifications for, and supervise the con­ Mines. These are: (1) The Torsion Balance, this, but they failed in their efforts. Had the first use of struction and testing of new electrical, mechanical, acousti­ (2) The Seismograph, (3) Geothermal Inves­ the side feeding of reverberatory furnaces been published cal, or visual apparatus required for geoph5'sical prospect­ tigations, (4) Magnetic Prospecting, (5) Elec­ at the time it was introduced Carson would have been un­ ing. trical Prospecting, and (6) Radioactive Methods able to get it patented. The courts have ruled that a man Competitors will not be required to report for examina­ of Prospecting. Each of these courses is described A corner of one of the geophysical laboratories at the Colorado School cannot patent a device or process that is already known as tion at any place, but will be rated on their education and in the regular Colorado School of Mines catalog. of Mines. Magnetometers are shoivn set up on ihe right. having been invented by someone else. experience.

Page Tioenty-four Page Tiventy-five APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Magazine APRIL 1930

Episcopal Church shall have refused to properly secure to AA'ould keep tbe smelters open just as long as paying ore the Territory the full and untrammeled use of the School Avas mined. Colorado and its School of Mines of Mines. On February 9, 1874, the bill AA'as finally passed and Avas After this much by AA'ay of ansAvering tbe shadoAvy objec­ approved by Gov. Elbert. The bill legally established the Part X—The Territory Takes Charge tions to this institution, AA'C Avill noAV briefly cite its points school as a state institution, appropriated $5000 for ks support, and named a board of trustees of prominent citi­ By M. R. BUDD, '24 of advantage; 1. Its location is at the center of tbe mining region of zens. The provisions of the original act Avere as follows: the Rocky Mountain Slope, and AA'ithin immediate reach of ITH Denver clamoring for the school to be trans­ located at Golden—is noAV before us, and from it AA'e learn AN ACT the developed mining districts of Colorado, being Avithin W ferred there, and with church officials forced to tbe following facts: An Act to EstabUsli a School of Mines at or near Golden, a fcAV miles of all the leading and successful metallurgical Jefferson County, Colorado Territory. finance part of the current expenses of the school, Golden The present building, of brick, tAvo stories, Avith Mansard works of the Territory, AA'here the different methods of Be it enacted by the Council and House of Representatives of citizens realized that it Avas "do or die" Avith the Legisla­ roof and toAver—Avas put up in 1870-71, costing the Terri­ Colorado Territory: treating ores can be observed to advantage. ture in 1874. The state Avould have to take bold com­ tory of Colorado $3,872.45, and the late Bishop Randall That there shall be established at, or near. Golden, in the County 2. It already exists, and requires but slight aid from pletely or tbe school AA'ould either be moved to Denver or $500 more. In addition to this cost there has been con­ of Jefferson, a School of Mines, to be under the control and man­ the Territory to put it into active Avorking order, AA'hereas close its brief existence. Consequently, Editor West began tributed to or purchased for the school, since its erection, agement of the Territory of Colorado, as shall be hereinafter a ncAV institution of the same nature, AA'ould require at least designated. his editorial campaign on Jan. 14, 1874 with an appeal that apparatus for instruction in chemistry and natural science, a two J'ears' time to gain as good a foothold. SECHON 2. Such a School of Mines is hereby declared a body reflected this attitude of "noAV or never". The editorial collection of minerals and coals peculiar to Colorado, a corporate, and may sue and be sued; may take and hold real 3. Its nearness to Jarvis Hall and MattheAA's Hall— sheds an interesting light on these dark A&ys: natural historj' collection, and a large herbarium of native estate by gift, bequest, devise or purchase, and may, if not Institutions noAV in successful operation—gives it a large "We trust that our immediate representative in the Legis­ plants. During last summer Avhen the classes first began, needed for such School of Mines, sell and dispose of same. class of students from the start, and insures to it a degree SECTION 3. It shall be the object of such School of Mines to fur­ lature—Hon. Levi Harsh—Avill give a portion of his time some $1,500 more Avas expended on the school, in the Avay of usefulness that it could not possibly hope for AA'ere it nish facilities for the education of such persons as may desire and attention in the interest of tbe Territorial School of of providing assay furnaces, additional chemical apparatus located at a point distant from those schools. to receive special instruction in chemistry, metallurgy, mineralogy, Mines, an institution that seems to labor under tbe mis­ and laboratory tables for the students. mining, raining engineering, mathematics and mechanics. 4. Its nearness to the mining districts, and its distance fortune of being located in Golden—, AA'here it ought to All this brings the present cost, in money, to $6,072.45, SECTION 4. There shall be seven Trustees, namely; W. A. H. from the vices of a half-groAvn city, makes it at once eco­ Loveland, Alpheous Wright, N. P. Hill, W. W. Ware, C. C. be—instead of in Denver—^AA'here it ought not to be. In to say nothing of the collections and apparatus that have nomical and safe, the first guaranteeing a saving of many Davis, J. Marshall Paul and William Amsbary, who shall com­ tbe time of the good Bishop Randall, this institution Avas been receiA'ed as free gifts, and AA'hich, if valued at their dollars each j'ear in the AA'ay of traveling expenses to and pose the Board of Trustees of said School of Mines, and said pretty AA'CII looked after, and had it not been for the actual AA'ortb, AA'ould bring the present outlay up to at least Trustees shall, on or before the first (1) day of June, 1874, meet from the mines, and the second securing for the institution capacious pocket of the demagogue McCook, the school $10,000. at Golden and organize as a Board of Trustees with one of their the favor of parents living at a distance. AA'ould noAV be in a flourishing condition, reflecting honor on number as President of the Board, and shall then proceed to And noAV, AA'hat is proposed? As many of the mining schools thus far established have divide, by lot or otherwise, themselves into three classes, the first the Territory at large, and some positive benefit on our class shall consist of two, and hold their offices for two years; The school, Avithout further assistance from the Legisla­ partially failed of complete success by reason of their dis­ mineral interests. We have not been able to consult the ture, cannot go on Avith its appropriate Avork, as tbe build­ the second class shall consist of two, and hold office for four tance from the mines—thereby depriving the students of years, and the third class shall consist of three, and hold office Standing Committee of the Protestant Episcopal Church ing is in an unfinished state, and but part of the apparatus concerning this matter, but presume that thej', in the ab­ the advantages of personal investigation—the location of for six A'ears. needed is noAV on hand. 1874-2. sence of Bishop Spaulding, AA'ould be AAulling to make any this school at a point so convenient as Golden, cannot be As j'et no bill has been introduced into the present legis­ SECTION 5. The Board of Trustees are authorized to erect suit­ reasonable concession the Legislature might demand in the too much dAvelt upon in considering the merits—^not lature for the assistance of this school, but fearing that one able buildings for such School of Mines, to procure such ma­ interest of the Territory. It Avould be only fair to try prejudices—^that pertain to the case in point. chinery and other appliances as may be necessary and requisite might be introduced, the local organs of Denver have them, and if they, from local prejudice, should elect to Leaving out the matter of location the utility of an in­ to carry out the intention of this act, out of any moneys that ground out the folloAving objections; stand in the AA'ay, AA'hy, the sooner Ave find it out the better. stitution of this kind is too plain to need extended argu­ may be appropriated for that purpose. The Board of Trustees One editor advances tbe opinion that a Avagon road may make all needful by-laws and regulations for the govern­ Jarvis Hall and MattheAA's Hall, on the same ground AA'ith ment, even AA'here the most ignorant are among those who might be AA'orth more to the Territory than a school of ment of said Board and for the management and government of the School of Mines are noAV pretty Avell filled AA'ith young deny, or question, the fact. The principles upon AA'hich said School of Mines, not inconsistent with the Organic Act and mines, and, in order to support this enlightened position, men AA'ho intend to remain in Colorado, and AA'ho could, Avere mining and metallurgy depend for success, are those of the laws of this Territory. he further says that "schools of mines are undoubtedly the latter school in operation, avail themselves of its course great sciences, and these, Avhen applied in a proper Avay to SECTION 6. The School of Mines shall be open to any inhabitant good things, but so far wherever they have been tried they of the Territory of Colorado without regard to sex or color, and of study. We have no right to expect that the School of technical purposes, can in no case fail to produce good re­ haA'e proved more ornamental than useful." * * * sults, or to assist in removing the cloud of technical ig­ with the consent of the Board of Trustees, students may be re­ Mines alone could attract, a great number of students, but ceived from the States or other Territories. The mining schools of SAA'eden, Germany and England taken in connection Avith tbe other schools that are es­ norance under Avhicb the mining industry of Colorado has SECTION 7. All the property of such School of Mines shall be tablished near it, the attendance AA'ould be—and AA'as last are not failures—neither is Columbia College of New too long suffered, producing losses, in time, money and under the charge and control of the Board of Trustees. summer—large enough to justify a fair appropriation from York, the Sheffield Scientific School of NeAv Haven, the confidence, far in excess of the amount of money that a suc­ SECTION 8. There is hereby appropriated ont of any money in the Territorial Treasury, not otherwise appropriated, the sum_ of the Legislature. Governor Elbert, true to his reputation as school for natural sciences in connection Avith Harvard cessful school of mines could in any case call for. College, or even the young School of Mines of the State five thousand dollars, to be used in the completion of the build­ a Territorial man, has taken an interest in this school, and If mining schools did not exist each individual student ing now erected at or near Golden, known as the building of the may safely be relied upon to approve of any aid that our of Missouri. would have to provide himself—did he Avish to study min­ School of Mines, and in furnishing the laboratory with such laAA'makers, in the exercise of a just discretion, may see fit * * * The NeAA's (Rocky Mountain NeAA's) saj's that ing or metallurgy—AA'ith costly apparatus and appliances, articles as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this "all donations for religious, educational, scientific or charit­ Avhich AA'ould place this line of study out of the reach of Act. Said sum of money shall be paid to the President of the to grant." Board of Trustees, immediately after organization of said Board able institutions should be personal—the public purse should the great body of students, to say nothing of the incon­ No bill had been introduced for a School of Mines on and it is hereby made the duty of the Territorial Treasurer to never be opened to them." venience entailed, or"the lack of AA'CII qualified teachers—for pay said sum of five thousand dollars to the President of said January 21, 1874, but on January 24, tbe bill AA'as in­ Admitted—AA'ith conditions. the latter cannot exist unless there be institutions that call Board of Trustees immediately after the organization of said troduced by Representative Levi Harsh. But the concern We fail to see AA'herein the patronage of a religious de­ for their services. Board. at the time Avas so great, because of the attacks in the 1874-3 nomination can in any AA'ay taint a scientific institution. In a Avord, let the Territorial School of Mines be tried Denver papers, that it seemed only a miracle could keep SECTION 9. No part of the said sum of five thonsand dollars Ask an5' man of liberal education hoAA' many of the higher the school in operation. It Avas the indomitable AA'ills of W. on its OAA'u merits, and if, in the estimation of Colorado's shall be paid to the President of said Board of Trustees until schools and colleges of this and other countries have been the title of the building now erected near Jarvis Hall, near A. H. Loveland, George West, E. L. Berthoud and C. C. Legislature, it be found unAvorthy of assistance, AA'e Avill aided and patronized by religious bodies ? And if his answer appeal our case to a future time, Avhen. wagon roads and Golden, and known as the School of Mines, shall be vested in the Welsh that kept the school in Golden. As an indication of said School of Mines, including five acres of land adjoining and admits the fact and concludes therefrom tbe existence of the predicament of the institution, and hoAV it AA'as subjected scientific institutions AA'ill not be Aveighed the one against the near said building. taint, Ave AA'ill fully agree AA'ith the liberal editor of tbe to merciless attacks, the Transcript article of January 21, other, or the aid of a Christian church be considered as a SECTION 10. The said Board of Trustees may, out of said five NcAA's, and admit tbe possibility of an Episcopal assay, a thousand dollars received, pay to the authorities of Jarvis Hall 1874 is a revelation. It AA'as the greatest and most poAA'er- taint. Methodist chunk of coal, or a Presbyterian specimen of any advances made and used in constructing the building now ful editorial ever Avritten concerning the Colorado School A NEW ARGUMENT FOR THE SCHOOL known as the School of Mines; Providing, Said sum so to be refractory ore, AA'herein "total depravity" is fully set forth. of Mines. The article fOIIOAA'S ; One little factor, as Ave vicAV things UOAA', but important paid shall not exceed the sum of five thousand dollars. The position is very liberal, indeed, that forbids to any body in February, 1874, Avas the closing of the SAvansea smelter SECTION 11. Should a majority of the said Trustees fail to meet of Christians good AA'ill toAvard a scientific institution. at Golden before the first of June, 1874, such organization may THE SCHOOL OF MINES in Denver. Supporters of the School of Mines quickly The report of the commissioners, appointed to superin­ Again, it is AA'ell to give this denominational objection the be made at any subsequent time, when no less than four of the turned tbe failure into an argument for a mining school to said Trustees may meet, and the President of the Board shall tend the erection of the Territorial School of Mines— go by, until tbe Standing Committee of the Protestant teach the metallurgy that would evolve processes Avhich give security for the faithful disbursement of the funds of such

Page Tweniy-six Page Tiventy-seveTi APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in APRIL 1930

School of Mines, in double the amount hereby appropriated, to be approved by the Territorial Treasurer. Alumnus Made General Manager, M. C. A, Secretary Resigns SECTION 12. If said property and building known as the School United Verde Copper The resignation of Ray C. Roberts as secretary of tbe of Mines building, is not deeded over to the Board of Trustees, Mines Christian Association was announced March 25 at on or before the expiration of six. months from the passage of A well-merited promotion has been given to a Colorado this act, then this act, and provision thereof, shall be null and a dinner given in his honor at the Golden Waffle Inn. The void, and the money so appropriated shall revert back to the School of Mines graduate in the naming of W. V. De resignation will become effective at the close of the school Territory. Camp as general manager of United Verde Copper Com­ J'ear, at which time Mr. Roberts will leave Golden for SECTION 13. The Governor of Colorado shall, with the approval pany, Jerome, Arizona. Announcement of the appoint­ Seattle, Washington, to take up the new duties of religious of the Council of Colorado, at each regular session of the Legis­ ment was made in an official bulletin issued hy Robert E. lature, fill the vacancies of Trustees occasioned by the expira­ secretary of the Seattle Y. M. C. A. Tally, former general manager of the companj', and re­ tion of office, or resignation, death or otherwise, and the Governor The dinner was planned by a group of friends for Mr. may, when the Legislature is not in session, fill any vacancy in cently elected president. the Board until the meeting of the Legislature and when the Roberts to express in a simple, friendly way their apprecia­ Trustees heretofore named, shall organize and become a Board, Graduating from the Colorado School of Mines in 1908, tion of his untiring efforts in behalf of the students at as provided, then the present Board of Trustees shall be relieved Mr. De Camp filled various positions in Old Mexico and Mines. After dinner talks convej'ed to Mr. Roberts the from further duty. Arizona, between that year and his entry into the army gratitude of those present for his sincere work as head of SECTION 1+. This act shall take effect and be in force from and in 1918, serving for a while as engineer with El Tigre the Mines Christian Association. after its passage. Mining Company in Sonora, as miner and shift boss at Approved Feb. 9, 187+. United Verde, and as superintendent of mines for Con­ The Transcript reports the event, with headlines bold solidated Arizona Smelting Company at Humboldt, For Cleaning Fossils and black, proclaiming: Golden the "Athens of Colorado." Arizona. The years 1918 and 1919 were spent as First A flexible shaft utility tool for cleaning fossils has been "On Friday of last week the appropriation for the Terri­ Lieutenant, 428 Engineers, Camp Humphries, Virginia. added to the equipment of the Geology laboratories. This torial School of Mines, passed the Council by a unanimous interesting little machine resembles one of those pleasant vote, and on Monday afternoon His Excellency, Governor drills which tbe dentists use in the process of filling teeth. Elbert attached his approval thereto, thereby putting $5,000 It will clean out the most inaccessable corners of tbe hard­ within the i-each of this deserving institution. est fossil. Above is a picture of the machine in operation. "It is estimated that this appropriation will complete the present building, and also establish the school on a sound The Colorado State Board of basis, where it can be of immediate use to tbe mining in­ terests of Colorado. Prof. E. J. Mallett, of Columbia Immigration Gives Data College, New York, and William West, Esq., Superintend­ There was expended in drilling for oil and gas in Colo­ ent of the Golden Smelting Works, form part of the pres­ rado in wells completed or abandoned in 1929 approxi­ ent faculty." mately $1,632,000 according to estimates made by the state That "log-rolling" is nothing new and was resorted to immigration department. This estimate includes only actual to secure the passage of the act, is noticed in tbe press of the drilling costs for wells that were finished during tbe j'ear period. It was stated on good authority that Levi Harsh and not overhead expenses or wells that were uncompleted was compelled to seek assistance for the School of Mines at the end of the j'ear. It is based on an average of $8 bill by aiding other bills of much less merit, sponsored by per foot covering all areas. legislators outside of Denver. It took many j'ears to change The final figures of tbe department show that there were this method of securing collegiate patronage in Colorado, 90 wells completed or abandoned in 1929, of which 28 were but last year (1927) saw the state institutions of higher oil producers, 5 were gas wells and 57 were dry or aban­ learning present a dignified and joint program stating their doned. Fremont county led all counties with 38 wells, individual needs. W. V. DE CAMP, '08 of which 15 were producers and 23 were dry or abandoned. RAY C. ROBERTS Life was still interesting at Jarvis Hall; on April 1, Pueblo county came second with 13 wells, all of which were 1874, Prof. F. C. Seldon resigned as principal and Daniel failures. Routt county was third with 3 producers and 6 After his discharge from the army, Mr. De Camp took Ray Roberts was a football star in his student days. He N. Allen, A.B. was elected to the post for the remainder wells abandoned. Las Animas and Moffat counties each graduate work in geology at Columbia University. This plaj'ed on both the Boulder and Mines teams some quarter of the school year. had 8 completions, the latter having 6 producers, 1 gas work later proved of especial value to him in handling the of a century or more ago. He received a degree from the Baseball was taking the country by storm and Capt. well and 1 failure and Las Animas county 4 gas wells and difficult geological conditions encountered at United Verde. University in Civil Engineering. He was a very popular Smith was one of those who never tired of the sport. He 4 abandoned. He reentered the employ of United Verde Copper Com­ member of his class and an excellent student, which brought was instrumental in forming several teams at Golden and pany in 1920, as general mine foreman. Since that time One new field commenced producing and shipping oil on to his last days, he never failed to appreciate a smart base­ him the honor of Tau Beta Pi. his progress has been rapid. He has held the various posi­ a commercial basis during the j'ear, this being the Standard Roberts never followed the engineering profession after ball play. On June 10, 1874, the "White Legs" of Jarvis tions of mine superintendent, general mine superintendent, (formerly Berthoud) dome in Larimer county in which the Hall were defeated by the champion "Stars" of Central graduation but took up Y. M. C. A. work instead. He and assistant general manager with this Company. Five Square Oil and Gas company commenced marketing was a missionary to China for thirteen j'ears, and has City, 51 to 25 after three hours play. oil from one well completed in the Muddy sand. United Verde Copper Company is one of the outstanding devoted his whole life to Christian work. If perseverence, The first meeting of the new board of trustees was held examples of the effective use of the bonus sj'stem. Practi­ A new gas field was discovered on the Bartram dome in enthusiasm and character count, his success in the Seattle on July 8, 1874, with all members present. The complete northern Moffat county by the Texas Production com­ Y. M. C. A. is assured. list was as follows: cally all operations at the mine and smelter are carried on bonus or contract, seventy-five per cent of employes being pany in the Pioneer well which is capable of making so engaged. A large share of the credit for the successful 72,000,000 cubic feet of gas per day from 4 horizons, the FIRST TRUSTEES OF THE SCHOOL OF MINES Mines Professor Given Credit operation of this plan must go to Mr. De Camp, who has well still continuing to drill deeper at the end of the j'ear. Hon. W. A. H. Loveland, Pres....Golden, Jefferson County given unsparingly of his efforts in this direction. Another gas field was discovered in Rio Blanco county on Professor J. Harlan Johnson of the Colorado School of Hon. Alpheus Wright Boulder, Boulder County the Piceance Creek dome by the White Eagle Oil & Re­ Mines is given credit for contributions to a bulletin of the Hon. N. P. Hill Black Hawk, Gilpin County Mining organizations with which Mr. De Camp is fining company, which had a flow of more than 8,000,000 Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. Hon. J. Marshall Paul Fairplay, Park County actively affi.liated are the American Institute of Mining and cubic feet per day at 2,880 feet, but which is still drilling This bulletin is entitled "The Fossil Ants of North Hon. William Amsbary Canon City, Fremont County Metallurgical Engineers, and the American Mining Con­ with favorable prospects for encountering oil. America," and was written by F. M. Carpenter. Hon. W. W. Ware Georgetown, Clear Creek gress. Deeper drilling resulted in the discovery of gas in lower C. C. Davis, Esq U. S. Mint, Arapahoe County Professor Johnson's contribution was a collection of Mr. De Camp was married in 1907 to Miss Margaret horizons previously not tested on the Hiawatha dome in fossil specimens which were given over to Mr. Carpenter Hon. E. L. Berthoud was entered on the roster as Hinman of Iowa Citj', Iowa. Mr. and Mrs. De Camp Moffat county. Two wells drilled to the Sundance on the for his examination. Paratj'pes of the Florissant species registrar. have two children, Rosemary Shirley, and Henry Jerry. Moffat dome definitely proved the horizon. were to be found in Professor Johnson's collection. Page Tiventy-eig/it Paae Tiventv-ntne APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in APRIL 1930

Display Equipment Given the P.E, Department

Several pieces of oil field equipment have recently been donated to the Colorado School of Mines Petroleum En­ gineering Department to be used for instruction and display thlcDc#| purposes. Two pressure control valves were loaned, for an in­ definite period, by the Ohaplin-Fulton Manufacturing Conference Attendants Revise Rules Intramural Swimming George Allen Made Director of Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Both are full scale, Physical Education Representatives from twelve colleges The Barbs won the Intramural swim­ two inch valves which were cut away, in places necessary and universities of the Rocky Mountain ming meet with 26 points, the Sigma Nu's George Allen, head football coach at to show construction details, at the factory. One of the Athletic Conference, met in .Denver in were second with 16 points, and S. A. E. the Colorado School of Mines, was ten­ March for a revision of the constitution third with 15 points. valves is a pressure regulator for low operating pressures, dered the position of director of physical of that organization along lines which In case Mines has a swimming team the other a back pressure regulator for high operating pres­ education to fill the vacancy which will would remove much of the administrative there should be a lot of good material, occur when the resignation of Ervin sures. Pressure regulators are an indispensable part of gas friction which has existed heretofore. brought out by this meet. Wilson, Barb; Hinds becomes effective at the close of transmission sj'stems and the valves a valuable addition to Each of the institutions was represented Ed, Rice, A. T. O,; and Quinn, S, A, E., the present school year. This action was by its president and faculty athletic rep­ were the outstanding stars. the petroleum laboratory. taken at the March meeting of the Board resentative. In the discussion which fol­ The final score was: Barbs—26; S, N. Tbe Zero Hour Torpedo Company of Boulder, Colo­ of Trustees. lowed the rules of the North Central —16; S, A, E,—15; Beta—10; A, T. 0.— rado, sent a glass enclosed, working model of their time Association of Colleges were accepted. 6; S, P. E,—2; K, S.—2. Allen has accepted the position, and bomb together with a complete testing outfit. These bombs The question of over night excursions Summary: will set about completing his organiza­ are used to detonate the charges of nitroglj'cerin when was considered. It was finally decided Sprint Relay—1st, S, A, E.—McClure, tion of the department. The athletic director at the School is in full charge of "shooting" oil wells. The model enables tbe observer to that this matter should be left to the Guinn, Alderfer, Burrett, Time, 38 1-6 descretion of the individual schools. sec. 2nd, S, N,—^Ross, Johnson, Robbins, all sports. Whether one full-time man, to see how they function in addition to the construction de­ The new athletic standards of the Bonnet, fill in the vacancy left by Hinds, or two tails. Rocky Mountain Conference, as adopted Breast Stroke—1st, Wilson, Barbs, or more part-time coaches, to oversee The Meriam Company of Cleveland, Ohio, donated a and revised are as follows: Timt 1:24 sec. 2nd, Scholfield, Barbs, various sports, will be selected, is a mat­ ter which has not yet been decided, Allen ten inch, "Jumbo" manometer for use in measuring small 1— Final decision in all matters of Sprint Dash—1st, Quinn, S, A. E, athletic policy shall rest with the faculty will himself continue as head football fluid pressures. These manometers are especially valuable Time 19 sec. 2nd, Tibbs, Barb. or with administrative officers represent­ Back Stroke—1st, Wilson, Barbs, Time coach, giving most of his attention to the in laboratory or gas measurement work. ing the faculty, 41 sec. 2nd, Bennett, Beta. linemen. 2—Academi c requirements and assign­ Distance Swim—1st, Tibbs, Barb. Time During the four years Allen has been ments of scholarships, student aid funds 1,03 sec, 2nd Alderfer, S, A, E, at Golden he has made an impressive and remunerative employment for stu­ Diving—1st, Rice, A, T, O, 48,1 points, record as a football coach. In 1926 he are high in output, low in upkeep dents, shall be immediately and finally 2nd, Towle, S. N. was freshman coach. The following year controlled by the faculty, acting directly Medley Relay ^—^ 1st, Beta—^ Bennett, he was appointed varsity coach and or through its regular constituted officers Allan, TurnbuII Time 31 sec, 2nd, from that time the Mines football teams XCEPT for the muffle, its plates and or committees, without discrimination Barbs-Wilson, Scholfield, Tibbs. have shown constant improvement. either in favor or against athletics. Extreme regret went with the accept­ E supports, there is nothing in this fur­ 3— Payment of money to students for ance of Hind's resignation. Hinds leaves services as athletes, hiring athletes or the Intramural Sports Rules and Mines to devote his entire time to the equivalent of such procedure, and main­ nace to be replaced. Utterly simple in de­ By-Laws study of medicine at the Denver medical sign, built to cheat repair bills, this muffle tenance of free training tables are not school of the University of Colorado, permissible. The Intramural sports program shall Hinds was the first director of physical type oil burning furnace sets a high stand­ ^—-Personal solicitation of prospective consist of the following sports: Volley­ education at Mines, taking the place and students by athletic coaches through the ball, Basketball, Boxing, Wrestling, Swim­ inaugurating a new system of athletics in ard for efficient service.Complete furnace or offering of any such special inducements, ming, Baseball and Tennis, (doubles), 1927, when athletic activities were re­ as are indicated in Sec. 3 above, is not 1, Permanent sport trophies are to be organized, anyrepair part can be furnished from stock. permissible. given each year in each sport 5—^Coache s should be regular consti­ 2, First place to count 10 points, sec­ tuted members of the faculty, fully re­ DFC Assay Furnaces are built to burn oil ond place to count six. In case of ties, Allen Will Select Assistant Coach sponsible to the administration, the points are to be added and divided under high, low, and medium pressures, 6— Faculties should control and keep by the number of organizations, tieing for George Allen, newly appointed direc­ within reasonable limits the amount of first place (in the sport in which there tor of physical education at Mines, is now gas, gasoline, or coal. Write for complete time devoted to athletics. This refers to are ties) only, busy selecting assistants for the coming data on any DFC product. Clmplin-FuHon Pressure regulator which has been loaned to tlie hours of daily practice as well as to the 3, No letter man will be allowed to year, number of contests and length of trips, Petroleum Engineering department for an indefinite period. compete in any sport in which he has Ervin Hinds, who will sever his capac­ or any other athletic requirements, which earned a letter. ity with the school at the end of the pres­ detract from academic efficiency. 4, No man will be allowed to compete ent term, to devote his time to the study A two inch, lubricated plug valve, manufactured by the in any sport after the coach has selected of medicine, has coached basketball and Wyoming University Wins his squad in that sport, Barco Manufacturing Companj' of Chicago, Illinois, was baseball and football backfield men. sent to the department with their compliments. The valve A. A. U. Title 5, Men who are dropped from a squad by the coach for other reasons than quit­ is especially designed for use under severe operating con­ M'^yoming University wriggled and ting, not training, etc., will be permitted No Basketball Championship ditions. It can be lubricated, without dissembling, in a passed its way through an inadequate to play, You will find DBG crucibles VMSiil All sizes of muffles of frequent Colorado College defense to take the leastexpensiveinthelongrun. jjjghStqual- demand are carried in stock, high pressure line avoiding the "sticking" so common to 6, Men who earned letters in a sport No Rocky Mountain basketball champ­ Rocky Mountain Amateur Athletic Union ity; absolutely and who have not received the same be­ ionship will be awarded this year. The most plug valves. basketball championship into the state of uniform. cause of quitting, not training, etc, will Eastern Division champions, Colorado Wyoming for a year. not be permitted to compete in that sport University, found it impossible to play The clever Cowboys squelched the sen­ "And while we are at it, it's just as well to recall that 7, One representative from each or­ after examinations. The Western Divi­ sational Tigers by a 31 to 19 score in the no tutor ever discovered that Wellington was a bright lad, ganization shall meet with the athletic sion was compelled to play off a tie, final of the most representative regional department representative to arrange all throwing the inter-division schedule out or suspected how Sir Isaac Newton would later fill his tourney ever held. All DFC clay goods have "survival value" because made schedules and to determine all forfeits. of gear. quill with indelible ink and rewrite science and philosophy. from materials carefully analyzed and tested. (a) A team not able to play on the "Richard Wagner, Oliver Goldsmith and Sir Walter Intramural Baseball Schedule Montana State, for three years the date set, must notify their opponent at wonder team of the West, lost the third Scott, additional graduates of the dunce stool, sitting pretty First Round—Beta vs. S, N, least one hour before the scheduled time Second Round—S. A, E. vs, P. L. A.; game of the championship play off series on the peaks of Olympus, also thumb noses at the shallow or the game will be forfeited, DENVER ^^^^ COLO.U.S.A. S. P, E. vs, K, S, of the Western Division to Utah State, (b) A team must be ready to play score 37-29, March 1. By virtue of pates where cheating scales weighed and found them want­ Barbs vs. winner of first round, within 30 minutes time of the time set for State's victory they gain the title. BRANCHES AT SALT LAKE CITY, EL PASO, AND NEW YORK ing."—Kaufman. A, T. O. vs. Stray Greeks. play or a forfeit will be declared. (Th\s section is continued on page 34) APRIL I 930 The Colorado School of Mines Maga^.' The Colorado School of Mines Magai^ne APRIL 1930

Study Engineering Campus *Jopics MINERS EVERYWHERE! in Cool Colorado Let Us Serve Your Needs

Engineers' Supplies, Books and Fraternity News Dames Club Entertains Mines Has Cosmopolitan New Quarterly on School Mine The School of Mines chapter of Beta All the panoply of a night club was Magazines French Class The Colorado School of Mines spring Theta Pi competed in the basketball present in Guggenheim Hall, Monday quarterly is ready for distribution. It is "Vous Lisez—N'esi-ce-pas?" tournament of their district and lost to evening, March 24, when the Dames club Robinson's Book Store a description of the Mine that is main­ the Colorado College Beta's, 24 to 20, entertained the ladies of the faculty. We have known all along that our tained at Idaho Springs for experimental The Colorado College frat^ won the The premier event of the evening was School of Mines is a most cosmopolitan Golden Colorado purposes. This quarterly is written by championship of the district. the apearance of Alice Mickey Volk in a body of students. Rarely, however, is the J, Burns Read, Professor of Mining, and song and dance number that was most fact brought out so forcefully as in the TAU BETA PI PLEDGES Dr. James Underhill, Director of the Ex­ cordially received. This was Mrs. Volk's French class of this semester. Here the The Tau Beta Pis, held their second perimental Mine at Idaho Springs. first appearance in two years in Golden man from the United States seems an semester pledging on the campus early The treatise is thorough in every re­ and her vocal number, "Grandma's outlander among his classmates who have last month. The fraternity chose four spect. It gives, besides the purpose and Song," and her dance, "Voices of Spring," gathered from many remote points. members of the junior class for prospec­ courses offered in mining, a map of the were greatly appreciated, The Rubey National Bank Luis Zubria comes from Mexico, but tive members for the coming year. The geology which was made by Professor Janet Van der Veer, whose hobby is feels quite at home in the United States men taken were D. Dellinger, L. of Huleatt. The book itself is attractive and marionettes, presented her collection in a for he spent several years in a New Buchanan, E, Dallemand, and F, Welker, is filled with illustrations and maps. The fantasy combining Chinese courtliness and Golden York High school. From Venezuela comes "M" CLUB PLANS DANCE geological maps in the center spread of American jazz. Carlos Delgado, who has been in our At a meeting of the "M" club a week the book are in color and are especially Other numbers on the program includ­ Golden is at the foot of the Rocky country no great time, hence, for him, ago the date for their annual dance yyas attractive and complete. There is ed songs by the Golden girls, two play­ The Miners' Bank translation from French to English is a set for April 18. This will be the last Mountain Range. Twelve miles to the another illustrative map showing the lo­ lets, the game "Cootie", and a specialty real task, informal dance of the school year, and it east lies Denver, with 325,000 inhabi­ cations of the claims in the vicinity of by the Denver Dames, "The Ball and Bulgaria is represented by Dagon takes place the night before the Senior tants. To the west is the great Conti­ Idaho Springs which is very interest­ Chain," featuring a parody on "The Thoroughly Reliable and Lambreff, much of whose education came Inspection trips. ing to the students of Mining Law, Mining Engineer," nental Divide, with streams and for­ to him in the Bulgarian language. To Competent The quarterly is divided into sub­ C. U. FRATS TO BUILD Between numbers refreshments were ests and snowcapped peaks rising to his credit stand several junior college heads and each topic of the work and Fraternities and sororities at Colorado served by Mines maids. Mrs, Roscoe years of Latin, Russian and French. Just the sky, the conditions that exist at Idaho Springs University are considering a $250,000 Morton and Mrs. Paul Stroud composed now, however, his task is translating during the summer courses are discussed building project for the coming year, the general committee. French into English, not into Bulgarian in detail. according to recently announced plans. as before. Mr, Lambreff, recently spent The information included in the pamph­ Five Greek organizations will get new ENGINEERING six months in France, let is complete and will answer questions homes, if present hopes materialize, Spring Fools the Military "Cliapeau has" of men that are interested in the courses THETA TAU PLEDGES Friday is the day for Military dress More Power to Mines SUMMER SCHOOL Everyone, of course, knows where that are offered in the summer to the Theta Tau held its spring celebration parade. The whims of the Spring sea­ Estonia is; you just turn to the map, embryo engineer. This quarterly is sent and pledged eight men. The following son decreed recently that snow should and where is that place?" It is there all out in response to the various inquiries were honored by the fraternity; Grogan fall on a certain Thursday night. No Golden OF THE right, for from it Edward Matsen is en­ received for information on the Mine, Kelley, Claude Wilkerson, Jack McCIave, dress parade Friday thought the Miners. rolled as a scholarship student. When It also gives the requirements and in­ Ernest Bond, Gene Pressett, Art Bennett, But same whims of Spring decided to you know that Ed, has been in the United ducements made to men seeking fellow­ Walter Adams and Clj'de TurnbuII, melt the snow before noon and Capt, ROCKY MOUNTAIN States only about a year and further learn ships in the Mining Department, BLUE KEY INITIATES Cole at first glance mistook the hetero­ Colorado Central Power Co. The Department also offers the use of that upon arrival in New York he knew Blue Key, honorary fraternity, initiated geneous array of corduroys, lumber-jacks, the mine to any industries that are seek­ REGION virtually no English but at once enrolled eight new members last week. The men miners caps (and uniforms) for the Golden, Colorado ing a means of working out some of the in Columbia in the English class for non- that were taken into the order were Jack Mexican army. On recognition, however, practical problems that are confronting English speaking students, well, as the Dempsey, Claude Barker, William Cline, he decided that aggressive appearance Basic engineering courses in Mathe- them, French have it, "Chapeau bas!" to Ed, Emil Holmberg, Kenneth Dickey, C, would not be helped by formation and he rnatics, Chemistry, Physics, English From Estonia, so easy to find, let us Towele, Gilbert Marshall and George most generously gave over the time to and Design, Also courses in Assaying, turn to Siberia, boyhood home of Nicholas Theta Tau Dance Davidson, an "M" Club assembly. Geology, Analytical Mechanics, Graph­ Nickolai ICohanowsky, who really might One of the most pleasant parties of the All of these are juniors and will take feel far from home in Colorado. How­ year was presented Friday, March 14, by ic Statics, Strength of Materials and over the work of the graduating seniors. Dr. Van Tuyl, J. Harlan Johnson and ever, his first impressions of the United Theta Tau, in the form of their annual Golden Fire Brick Co. Plane and Mine Surveying, Prepara­ S, G, E, PLEDGES TWO PROFS Doctor Hieland have returned from the States were so favorable that he induced dance. The ball-room, decorated in the annual meeting of the American Associa­ tory subjects of Chemistry, Physics, Among the nine men pledged recently his father to leave the homeland for the blue and white of Mines, and the red tion of Petroleum Geologists. The con­ New World. and gold of the Theta Tau, furnished a to the Sigma Gamma Epsilon honorary Advanced Algebra and Solid Geometry fraternity, are Dr. C, A. Heiland, head vention was held at New Orleans and One of Golden's Mineral Still thinking of Siberia, imagine the very novel surrounding for the feature of offered for students deficient in en­ of the Geophysics department and J. A, Doctors Van Tuyl and Hieland presented surprise which may have come to Yao the evening—the dropping of numerous Industries Malkovsky, also of this department. Seven papers before the convention. trance requirements, Lee, recently enrolled at Mines from multi-colored balloons from a huge juniors were pledged. Manchuria, when he met Nicholas and American flag suspended above the dancers. ^ Tony Farrero, and his band, At a dinner of lovely appointments, they learned that over there they had Golden Colorado July 7 to August 23.1930 lived only 200 miles apart. playing in their snappiest form, kept the Riveted Construction Shown in with St. Patrick green predominating, the Dames club entertained for their hus­ The Mines' French club. Cosmopolitan, couples continually applauding for more, Motion Pictures bands and sons, March 1, at the Hotel per se, includes one native-born Ameri­ and his novel rendering of the vocal re­ This Summer Session is given especi­ ^ A series of motion pictures showing Berrimoor. Bridge was played the re­ can, who wishes to become acquainted frains, with his trusty accordian as ac­ riveted construction, was started at the mainder of the evening. ally for students who wish to make up companiment, produced more "pep" than with the language of science and diplo­ School, March 25, The Civil Engineer­ work or to secure additional credits. macy. Meet Charles Shields of St, Paul, usually seen at Mines functions. ing and Mechanical Engineering Depart­ Mrs, A. J. Hintze is the new assistant Minn,—Oredigger. All work is conducted by the regular ments are cooperating in securing . the in the office of the director of publica­ Faculty of the School of Mines, For Professor Huleatt Returns films. tions for the Colorado School of Mines. Telling the News of Golden and the Catalog of the Summer Session, write Band Gives Concert Professor W. Huleatt has returned to Among the pictures to be featured are: Mrs. Hintze is taking the place of Mrs. School of Mines to the Registrar for Booklet W, school. He has recovered from his opera­ Lee's Ferry Bridge over the Grand Canon H, J, Vandevere, Musical Ireland, Egypt and Venice was of the Colorado, and the Bank of Man­ tion for goiter and is looking extremely SINCE 1866 featured in the concert of the Colorado well. It will be only a short time until hattan Building, New York City, which When the colored couple were being School of Mines band, March 30. These he takes up his lectures. Professor Huleatt is about 100 feet taller than the Wool- married by the clergyman and the words, concerts are finding increasing favor went to the Mayo Clinic some weeks ago, worth building. Both of these are rivet­ "Love, honor and obey" were spoken, the COLORADO TRANSCRIPT Colorado School of Mines with both Golden residents and Mines ed structures. Pictures of a four story bridegroom interrupted: men as the large attendance at recent building erected in Cleveland, entirely GOLDEN, COLORADO Ray Roberts of the Mines Christian "Read that again, suh! Read it once Give Yourself a Weekly Present from concerts testifies. association has been selected as chairman electric welded steel, and another film moah, so'e de lady kin ketch de full the Old Campus—$2.50 per Year The cooperation of the Glee Club acts of the committee which is promoting showing acetylene welding of a building solemnity ob de meanin', I'se been mar­ as an added attraction to the concerts. Golden's 8th Annual Music week. at Niagara Falls, N. Y,, were also shown. ried befoh," Page Thirty-tivo Page Thirty-three The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magazine APRIL 1930

Prospector The Trend of Flotation Athletic Editorial Baseball Schedule Oklahoma Section The Colorado Section is now ready for distribution This issue of the Magazine will be Eight games will be played this spring The Oklahoma Section met at Bartles­ President C, O, Parker called the meet­ Price 25c printed by the time the Miners play their by the Colorado School of Mines' baseball STUDENT YEAR BOOK ville, Oklahoma on Saturday, March 8 ing to order at 12:15 P. M, at the Audi­ first baseball game of the season. Con­ nine, according to announcement made by for dinner at the Hotel Maire. After a torium Hotel on March 21st. sequently, a great deal cannot be said Dave Johnston, Manager of Athletics. splendid dinner, the thirty-three men and The section was afforded the pleasure about the prospects of the team, without Mines' schedule is as follows; April: women present adjourned to the home of of listening to short talks by Ed. H, Piatt, Colorado School of Mines Quarterly being stale after this first game. class of 1900 of Sheridan, Wyo. and E. F. 5—Denver University at Denver Mr. and Mrs, Fred Lichtenheld, where The Miners hope to redeem themselves Reid, class of 1922 of Chanaral, Chile, Vol. XXIV, No. 4 8^—Denver University at Golden we spent the rest of the evening at bridge The 1930 Year Book will be in baseball, and make up for their dis- S, A, both of whom are visiting in Den­ 12—State Teachers at Greeley and dancing. asterous basketball season. We could say ver, The Bartlesville Section are to be con­ something different from now that things look bright for the 18—Colorado Aggies at Fort Collins 19^—Colorado Aggies at Fort Collins gratulated on giving such a fine party. W, H. Paul of the class of 1896 was books of past years. diamond squad—^but wait until the first May: Everyone from Tulsa and the other parts introduced and spoke of the operations Write to thie game has been played, April 5. of the state, who were fortunate to get of the Delores Mine located in the State We understand that the proposed 10—State Teachers at Golden to this affair, enjoyed it immensely. of Chihuahua, Mexico. DIRECTOR OF PUBLICATIONS "spring football game" with a conference 16— Colorado University at Golden Subscribe Now You will note that it has been moved Mr. Paul told in a very interesting way team was not planned to be a game at all, 17— Colorado University at Boulder Colorado School of Mines and seconded at one of our recent meet­ of the many difficulties that were eii- but only a "scrimmage" and no admis­ ings that the old Tulsa Section name be countered and overcome in operating this GOLDEN, COLORADO PHIL DIXON^, Manager sion, no advertising, no big noise and rich and famous mine located in one of Coach Allen Talks broadened, so this will include the whole rah-rah^—just a practice session between the most inaccessible and isolated sections Golden, Colorado state. We believe this is only fair to the Miners and some other aggregation. Coach Allen gave a short talk to of Mexico. the rest of the men in the state, and es­ Well, in that case, much of what we the "M" Club assembly in March. He pecially so as there are quite a number After describing the ore deposits and harped on in last month's editorial goes pointed out that a football player gets from outside points who come into Tulsa the mining and milling operations he re­ by the board. We mean, of course, that little compensation for the load he carries for the usual monthly meetings. We hope lated some of the stirring and exciting a scrimmage practice session does not throughout the long three months of foot­ that by changing the name to the events that occurred during the numerous Lindrooth. shubart & Co. carry with it some of the threatening ball season. He especially stressed the revolutions that happened from the time "OKLAHOMA SECTION", more of the DUPLICATES BOSTON BLDG., evils that a regular admission, spring fact that the linesmen get little satisfac­ of the Diaz regime down to the present DENVER, COLORADO boys will feel they want to make their game does. More added emphasis on col­ tion through glory. In the sensational time. donation of at least $1.00 per month BELT CONVEYORS lege football anywhere at this particular moments of the game the "mule" gives through this Section to the WAYS AND The following members attended the in SILENT CHAIN DRIVES time, when a reaction is setting in, would forth superhuman efforts so that the play MEANS COMMITTEE. luncheon: C. O, Parker, '23; W. H, Paul, ORE FEEDERS not stimulate the sport but would, we feel, maj' be effective while the spectator, eyes '96; E. F, Reid, '22; W, B. Milliken, '93; The next regular monthly meeting will BATTERY AND TROLLEY LOCOMOTIVES help to make it so "top-heavy" that the ever on the ball, misses some real plug­ Harvey Ma.thews, '13; John J. Reddin, be held at the Tulsa Athletic Club on the Library COAL CUTTING MACHINES reaction throughout the country would ging. '24; Arthur J. Heister, '12; Howard A. April 12, and we hope to have the usual POWER TRANSMISSION MACHINERY only be augmented. This surely we do Storm, '29; E. O, Kistler, C, Lorimer large turn-out which we have been en­ FAST'S FLEXIBLE COUPLINGS not want, A straw or two more is likely Colburn, '07; H, W, C. Prommel, '17; joying since the monthly meetings have for Sale to break the camel's back. Rifle Team Scores High Chas. M, Rath, '05; W. P, Simpson, '01; been opened to the ladies also. The Rifle team has completed the A, E, Craig, '14; F, M, Stephens, '13; J. Eighth Corp Area Intercollegiate match H, Winchell, '17; Jesse R. Morgan, Dean; with a score of 3486 out of a possible Wyoming Section E. H. Piatt, '00; Dave Johnston, Dewey 4000, The standing of the team cannot Dutton, '21; J. E. Norman, '98. U. S. FOUNDRIES, Inc. This meeting was held in the Gladstone be determined as the results from some A. C. HOVEY, Pres. and Gen. Mgr. 3975 Williams Street, Denver Hotel, Casper, at 7:30 P. M. on March Write Librarian of the other teams have not been sub­ 20, The members and their guests first mitted. enjoyed a turkey dinner during which Colorado School of Mines at Carbon and Alloy Steel Castings In the position the team did remark­ they were entertained with musical num­ able, making 97% out of a possible 100, CARL A. BLAUROCK^ '16 bers on the piano by Erie Fry, GoLDENj COLORADO In this match the team has shown pro­ For mantles and liners for ball mills In the business session which followed gressive improvement for the past three Refiner of Precious Metals President Rankin read a telegram from MOLLY-Chrome years. the Rock Springs Section giving us per­ Last year among the seven colleges mission to use the Wyoming State scholar­ Assayers Proof Gold and gives service far superior to any other castings on the market. competing, Mines finished third. With ship this year. In response to a letter Silver .9999 + the marked improvement the team expects from the Colorado Section, a motion was Our specialty is to get a higher place. The team is now passed that the Wyoming Section approve DUPLICATES shooting the Society of American Military 522 Mack Bldg, Denver, Colo, MOLLY-Chrome the suggestion of raising the dues and Engineer Trophy Match, magazine subscription to $5,00 a year. STEEL CASTINGS The annual election of officers was next "Your uncle seems rather hard of hear­ on the program. The following men were ing?" elected: T, H. Andrews, President; R, "Hard of hearing! Why, once he con­ D, Ferguson, Vice President; and S, L. Jeffers, Secretary-Treasurer, Manufacturers of ducted family prayers while kneeling on TORSION BALANCE the cat," President Rankin then presented a copy and "National" Brands Safety Fuse for use in all Blasting Operations of the school catalogue and book of views to each of the four high school student Brands Dentist: "What tooth do you want ex­ guests present at the meeting. Mr, Dan- Magnetometer Surveys tracted?" ford gave an informal talk to our guests, Sylvanite Black Monarch White Aztec Double Tape Pullman Porter: "Lower 7, suh," telling them about the school, its reputa­ White Monarch Bear Black Aztec Triple Tape tion as an engineering college, the advantages of a technically trained man, GEORGE STEINER A policeman caught a Welsh motorist and some of his own experiences in en­ exceeding the speed limit in his car, gineering work. PETROLEUM BLDG.—HOUSTON, TEXAS The National Fuse & Powder Co. and Denver, Colorado Established 1900 "What's yer name?" he demanded. Our guests at this meeting were the PETROLEUM SECURITIES BLDG.—LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA "Aubrey Llewellyn Brynmawr of Lle­ Messrs, Gleghorn and Patterson of Cas­ wellyn," was the reply. Rocky Mountain Distributors—Cordeau-Bickford Detonating Fuse for per, Kenney and Herrin of Midwest. Report by Sole American Representative The policeman put his notebook away The following members were present: deep well blasting. and eyed the offender sternly. Donald C. Barton Suss Visual—Suss Rybar Automatic Rankin, Ginet, Knowles, Crawford, Dan- Consulting Geologist and Geophysicist Torsion Balances "Well, don't let me catch you again!" ford, Buell, Schilling, and Guenin, he said severely.

Paffe Thirty-four Pane Thirtv-U've APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Maga^in APRIL 1930

Oklahoma City, Okla., Don Ray, '25 and Buck Weaver, '26, March S, 1930. are still in Peru, Don is in the experi­ Dear Mr. Cothurn— mental mill at the smelter and Buck is Please note that I have changed my running the assay lab at the mines at address to the above. I have been in the crsona Cerro de Pasco. He expects to return city for some time now, but have been too to the States in August, when his con­ busy or too lazy alternately to let you tract is completed. know. My Magazine has been forwarded Breese Rosette, '15 and Gobbler Mc­ regularly from Covington, so I haven't Rancagua, Chile, S. A., Baguio, P. I,, IVilliatn P. Gray, '23, who is connected IVill M. Traver, Jr., '16, of the Pack­ Cormack, '26 are still in Lima, Peru with had any "holler" to make. February 10, 1930. Feb, 8, 1930. with William Brothers Company is now age Delivery Service, Inc, of Denver, has Ingersoll-Rand Company, Am still with Sinclair in the Geological To the Secretary— Dear Mr. Coiburn— residing at 1711 West Easton Court, moved his residence to 2051 Eudora St, Lisle R. Van Burgh, '17, Valuation En­ Department. This city field gets bigger Enclosed find check for $3.50 to cover Shortly after I wrote you, some time Tulsa, Okla, T. L. "Par Regan, '28, and E. F. gineer, Treasury Department, has a every day and the "Subsurface" business the iriitiation fee, alumni dues and sub­ ago, I got a job with the Itogon Mining Horace T. Reno, '02, is at present "Shanty" Gallagher, '28, were recent visi­ change of residence address to 1491 is rushing. scription to the Magazine for one year. Company which is located about eight located at Montrose, Colorado ,where he tors at Mines. The former has been with Millar Drive, Glendale, California, There are a number of Mines men in I have been intending to kick through miles south of the Benguet Consolidated is doing work for the State Highway Ingersoll-Rand Company and was on his William J. Rupnik, '29, Geologist for this vicinity, but I haven't run across any for almost three years, especially when Mining Company, where F. L. Roots, '27, Department, way to accept his new position as Assist­ the Signal Oil & Gas Company, has in this particular field. I have seen con­ we were receiving that snappy line of is working. I have been intending for Thomas H. Garnett, '11, formerly Gen­ ant Petroleum Engineer with the Southern moved his residence to 1915 Freeman, siderable of "Tiny" Lewis and Ben sales talk used in your earlier campaigns some time to dash over to see him, but eral Superintendent, Mining Department, Crude Oil Purchasing Company at Fort Route 1, Box 647, Long Beach, Calif. Parker, who stay in the city and , add to get the new Magazine started. I sup­ have not had time as yet. Mineral Point Zinc Company at Galena, Worth. The latter is stationed at Idaho Thomas W, Callahan, '14, Geologist Springs where he is redesigning a mill. and Engineer, Mexican Seaboard Oil "surface" for E. W. Marland all over pose it was inherent laziness that held The Itogon comprises a group of 26 Illinois, is now associated with the Em­ Phil Simmons, '29, has gone to Virginia, Company and Chief Geologist for the the state. "Bud" Gregory (Ex-'28) is me back. Also, since there is quite a claims in the same area as the newly pire Zinc Company at Gilman, Colorado. Minnesota, where he is engaged in min­ Milham Corporation, sends in a change going to school in Norman; Carl Blakey colony of Miners down here, and prac­ started subsidiary to the Benguet, known Dudley M. Wilson, '09, of the firm of ing, of address to 3511 Broadway, San is with the Dixie in Shawnee; Mark tically all are subscribers, it has been as the Balatoc Mining Company, The M^ilson & Seward, General Contractors, Eduoin H. Crabtree, '27, is Metallurgist Antonio, Texas. Danford is with Carter in Seminole; and quite too easy to graft off the rest and Balatoc was able to make good progress has moved his headquarters from Corsi- for the Canam Metals Corporation and is Bill Ingham is floating around somewhere read their copies of the Magazine. A. in its two years of operation due to the cana to Brownwood, Texas, located at Richer, Oklahoma. and doing his stuff for Skelly. That com­ F. Boyd and J. A. Martin returned re­ enormous capital put into it. As for us IVilliatn J. Niemi, '26, Asst, Thawing Louis E. Cotulla, '25, Geologist for the pletes the list of the ones I have seen. cently from the States and their stories we have not the money behind us neces­ Engineer, Fairbanks Exploration Com­ Petroleum Company, has been transferred What in the Hell was wrong with make one realize that he indeed loses sary to sensational development; but like pany, is spending a vacation in Wenat- to Albany, Texas. Mines' basketball team? Some of the something by not keeping in touch. the proverbial racing tortoise we are chee, Washington, where his address is United Verde Copper Go. Lieut. Louis W. Prentiss, '21, has been scores look awful! At times we have been strongly tempt­ progressing in a sort of slow, but sure 627 Orondo Avenue, ed to blossom forth with a contribution. transferred to the Corps of Engineers, How does football look for next year? way. Robert S. Burton, '29, recently accepted Mines at Jerome, Arizona Our delinquency can be attributed to U. S, A, and is stationed at Fort Humph­ Not too bright, I hope. We always had Unlike the Benguet country rock, which a position with J, Marvin Kleff, '06, modesty coupled with that same laziness. reys, Virginia, optimi-sm in the spring and a good team is andesite, ours is diorite which is highly Mining Engineer at Leadville, Colorado, B. N. Kilbourn, '13, is now associated Smelter and Concentrator —but a losing one in the fall. Maybe a However, we shall see what can be done altered in our present workings near the Arthur H. Buck, '97, Mine Superintend­ with Burns Potter & Company, Invest­ little gloom and pessimism would turn the in the near future. surface. At present we are developing ent, Empire Zinc Company, is now located ment Bankers, of Omaha, Nebraska, Clarkdale, Arizona trick! I hope we can be restored to the ranks two lodes that run more or less parallel at Eagle, Colorado. Frank B. Harris, '13, Chief Engineer of Loyal Miners without going through in an east-west direction. The Taka lode Jay L. Emrich, '12, has moved his resi­ Well, I must sign off before I fall for the Honover-Bessemer Iron & Cop­ the ordeals accorded to entering Junior is a solid quartz vein with calcite-raan- dence to 2853 Dexter Street, Denver, asleep with the pen in my hand. per Company, has been transferred to members. ganese gangue averaging about $18.00 a Leroy T. Brown, '26, who has been their Salt Lake City Office, 901 Newhouse Sincerely, Sincerely yours, ton. The Sesame is a calcite-manganese with the Cerro de Pasco Copper Com­ Building, ARTHUR C. AUSTIN, '29. PATRICK M. KINNEY, '27. vein with a quartz layer along the foot- pany in Peru since graduation, has re­ wall. This averages about $13,00. turned to the States and is at present at Oil Fields, Calif., It may interest my friends to know that his home, 95 West 183rd Street, New March 11, 1930. I have taken the inevitable plunge by York City. Dear Mr. Colburn— marrying Miss Mercedes de Jesus of Wayne A. Harrod, '16, Mining Engi­ neer of Los Angeles, sends in a change While we "are passing around the Manila on January 19 of this year. Please of address to 547 South Alexandria laurels for our excellent magazine, I send my mail to the above address. Avenue, Alumni would like to hand some to the artist who Most sincerely yours, Adolph Pfeil, '27, is engaged as Gas draws the cover pictures. These pictures F. G. JOAQUIN, '26. W. A. Austin Engaged Climax, Colo. are so good that I keep them. He cer­ Engineer in Long Beach, California, his address being 294 Molino Avenue, Announcement was made in Santiago, tainly puts the MINES SPIRIT into them. Chile, on January 23, of the engagement Joseph U. G. Rich, '08, who is in the We poor devils out struggling for an of Miss Norah Mary Hobbins of Santiago Ironwood, Mich., Contracting business in Nashville, Ten­ existence certainly owe a lot to the man to William A. Austin, Jr., '27, Austin has nessee, sends in a change of residence The Colorado School of Mines who makes this magazine what it is. March 6, 1930. been with the Braden Copper Company address to 1900 28th Avenue, South. I am in a wonderful locality for col­ To the Secretary— since his graduation. His contract is up SUMMER SCHOOL lecting fossils and I am sending a number Mr. George E. Norris, Mines '27, hand­ Joshua L. Soske, '29, is located with the this spring when he will return to the Standard Oil Company of California in is for to the School. Most of us fellows are in ed me the enclosed application blank with States, _ " Inspiration places where we can get fine specimens the suggestion that I fill it out. their Producing Department with head­ of minerals and fossils; but it seldom quarters in the Standard Oil Building, ENGINEERS In the 13 years which I have spent Consolidated Copper occurs to us to send some to our school. Los Angeles, Calif, since leaving Mines to enter the Army Married in Philippines A. F. Boyd, '26, and J. A. Martin, '26, If all of us would keep this in mind, our and then to settle in the Lake Superior Word comes from the Philippines of the Company have returned to Rancagua, Chile after school would soon have a reference col­ District I have seen but three Mines men: marriage of Miss Mercedes de Jesus to extended vacations in the States, They New York Office, 25 Broadway lection to be looked up to. It costs one Small and Eisele, '17, and now Norris, F. G, Joaquin, Class of 1926, The cere­ nothing to send them to the School and are with the Braden Copper Co, '27, Is it to be wondered at that I have mony was performed in Manila, January Mines and Plants MINES fine specimens are certainly welcome. lost touch with things out there ? Un­ Guy E. Miller, '19, visited the Presi­ 19, 1930, With best regards to you and the gang dent's office, March 25 while on a vaca­ Inspiration, Gila Co., Arizona is building a great Summer doubtedly there are others in this dis­ that puts this magazine out, I am. trict but I have not heard of them, I tion in Golden, Williams is connected School, and your help is solicited. Yours sincerely, find it rather difficult to establish the fact with Shell Oil Company, His home is in James-Swan that Colorado is a better school than Long Beach, California, NORMAN WHITMORE, '26, News of the recent marriage of Miss IF D. Moreno, '22, has recently gone to Michigan with 75% of the Mining men Olive Swan to U. S, James, a Mines stu­ Tocopilla, Chile, where he has accepted from Houghton, dent, came as a surprise to the campus, you know of a prospective student New York City, a position with the Anglo Chilean Con­ Storage Tanks I have seen a few copies of the Maga­ James is from Maplewood, New Jersey, for the summer, recommend February 25, 1930. solidated Nitrate Corporation, To the Secretary— zine recently and feel that you are to be and is a member of the Sigma Nu For Gasoline, Oil and kindred pro­ Charles P. Van Gilder, '22, is Engineer fraternity. His bride is a Denver girl, ducts, Air Compressor Tanks, Sheet Mines to him. I want to take this opportunity to con­ congratulated on the quality of your pub­ for the New York Telephone Company, and plate construction of all kinds. gratulate you on the success and appear­ lication. Although merely an Ex-Miner I finished my Junior year when the War his address being No, 1 Oakley Place, Complete stock of sheets and plates in ance of the Alumni Magazine, It is read r^ yanked the props out from under every­ Mt, Vernon, N, Y, Beeler-Tedrow Denver Warehouse. by many men in Peru who are alumni thing—I believe that I am eligible to James A. Ogilvie, '29, is now working Miss Imogene Tedrow and Henry S, of other schools and does much for the join the Association, for the Carnegie Steel Company as Beeler were united in marriage March Eaton Metal Products Co. prestige of "Mines" through its interest­ Metallurgist in their Homestead Plant, 8, in Denver, Beeler attended the School ALUMNI Very trulj' yours, ing articles, His address is 2041 Wightman Street, of Mines from 1926 to 1929, He is the Denver Colorado LEROY T. BROWN, '26, CARROLL C, TAYLOR, EX-'18. Pittsburgh, Penna, son of Henry C, Beeler of the class of '96,

Pige Thirty-six P/j/7>» T hlrtv-teat^ii The Colorado School of Mines Magazine APRIL 1930 APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine

yards to the bite, drop their loads into hoppers, which in The self-dumping type of scow is built reversible, with turn feed the contents onto the 36-in. wide movable belt two decks for alternate loading, and an intermediate convej'or, where the gray stream of earth starts—a constant chamber for water or air. When ready to dump, inlet "^ith Owr ADVERTISERS monotony of motion—^for its ultimate destination at the valves are opened, introducing water to throw the scow bottom of Elliott Bay; or the material is delivered, if de­ out of balance, and permit it to dump as it capsizes. After sired, to railroad cars or trucks, where it can be used as fill. the water is pumped out, the reversed deck is ready for From Fifth Avenue and Battery Street the hill is ma­ a new load. Policy of this Department jestically moving down Battery Street. It goes on the belt The cut is being made in two benches, two shovels conveyor system running overhead, clearing street car operating at the top bench making a cut of about 40 feet. It is tlie policy of the Colorado School of Mines Magazine to cooperate with its trolley wires, without interfering with traffic or with Two other shovels operate on the lower level, which is advertisers to the fullest extent. All of our advertisers are specialists in their field of Seattle's general business, down a vista of over a half mile, on the grade line. Belts are 36-in. wide, operate at a speed endeavor. They accumulate vast stores of information of an engineering and technical crossing over Railroad Ayenue and railroad tracks, to of 500 feet per minute, and have a capacity of more than nature—information that holds great interest for our readers. This space is set aside Seattle's ocean doorstep. The long, straight run of over­ 600 cubic yards per hour. for them to use for the publication of such information. It is free to our advertisers head conveyor discharges on to the pier conveyor, which When the project is completed, field or portable con- and limited exclusively to their use. runs at an angle out to the end of the pier, where tbe vej'ors, one of which can be seen above feeding to tbe stream of earth tumbles onto barges, huge Leviathans of main line conveyor, will be running in the opposite direc­ scows, of self-dumping construction. These are moved out tion, having turned gradually around the junction point, into the bay to discharge their load in deep water. to an angle of 108 degrees from starting position. The lengths of the different Moving the Mountain to the Sea conveyor sections are 1360-ft., 920-ft., and 60'0-ft., centers, and From Link-Belt N-eius the field conveyors are 200-ft. centers. The portable or mova­ ble hoppers are fitted with NE of the outstanding material handling achievements sluiced in a big tunnel down Bell Street, emptying into apron feeders, which are so of the past year, is the Denny-Hill Regrade Project flumes carrying mud and water out into the bay for dis­ O timed as to deliver tbe two-yard No. 2, in Seattle, Wash., where 5,000,000 cubic yards of posal. In addition to this, steam shovels were emplo5'ed, load onto the belt before the earth are being moved from the midst of the busy city by delivering their material into cars of the industrial type, shovel can return with another belt conveyors to barges and dumped into Elliott Bay. which in turn dumped their contents into the tunnel, where load. It would be less of a drama if, in the swift continuous hjrdraulic jets broke up the debris, all being delivered into flowing even progress there were noise, the crash and the bay. The belt conveyors are work­ clatter of gears, or the bumping and falling of roclcs strilc- In tbe previous grading projects just described, the City ing 23^ hours a day, six daj's ing iron or timber. of Seattle has moved approximately 50,000,000 cubic yards a week, only stopping 15 min­ But tbe Anti-Friction Belt Conveyor which is carrying of earth by various methods other than by belt conve5'ors. utes at the end of each 8-hour the hill to the sea is almost silent. Therefore, when it came time to shift. During the last two Night and day it conveys a gray study the present grading project now months they have been handling stream of earth, never speeding, never well under way and widely known as from 500 to 600 cubic yards per slowing—relentless, irresistible — and Seattle's Denny-Hill Regrade Project hour and at times as much as faster than the average man can walk, No. 2, Mr. W. B. Barkhuff, Seattle's 900 cubic yards an hour have Denny Hill is being hurried into chief engineer, had an excellent op­ been handled. Puget Sound. portunity to compare the striking differ­ ences between what were considered The recently taken airplane In 1906 Seattle's first project of good standard methods of moving view shows the portion of regrading, which consisted of the materials a few 5'ears ago, and the Seattle involved in Denny Hill leveling and removal of approximate­ simpler, more efficient and economical Project No. 2. A little at the ly 5,400,000 cubic 5'ards of earth, was right of the center will be seen use of conveyors as now applied. Conveying Denny Hill to scows in Elliott Bay, at the rate of 600 cu. yds. an hour over inaugurated. Forty-three city blocks the portion on which shovels were embraced in tbe area affected, After investigation and compari­ Link-Belt Anti-Friction Belt Conveyor Idlers. about Fourth Avenue and Blanchard sons Mr. Barkhuff decided that the The journey begins, with the material being loaded by shovel onto field conveyors. Street. Also in the same year another proposed arrangements of convej^ors Day and night the material is conveyed, never stopping, never slowing. project was started, known as the would not only handle the material at At the end of th West Lake Fill. In both of these reasonable cost, but would eliminate projects industrial railroad methods t^A'' wear and tear on the city's streets, were used for handling the excavated •*ttm/l^' .••".•1 cause no interference with traffic, and material. would do away entirely with the noise Then, in 1907, a project at Third and annoyances formerly endured by residents and business houses on the Avenue and Spring Street was under­ housing, carrying liell Conveyor in streets along which the material was taken, and the previous methods were Denny Hill over streets and traffic. again employed. to be handled. What is known as the old Denny Regrade, or Denny It was required for Project No. 2 that the material be '"0 I-AlJi\'DJl^ Regrade No. 1, was started in 1909 and this time the h;'- moved from Fifth Avenue to the Ba}^ and after a careful JSeBlfiP'S draulic process was tbe principal method used. Water study of the whole situation in consultation with Link- from Elliott Bay was pumped at the rate of 3,500 gallons Belt Engineers, the belt conveyor system was approved. a minute against a pressure head of 180 pounds; and from The contract was awarded to George Nelson & Com­ Lake Union it was pumped at the rate of 12,000 gallons pany, who are using Link-Belt Anti-Friction Belt Con­ per minute under similar pressure head. This tremendous veyor equipment throughout, and they have 300 working volume of water was played upon banks of earth by nozzles da5rs in which to complete this stupendous undertaking. having diameters of from 3" to 31/2". The water and This work is now in full swing. earth were delivered to large pipes, and the debris was Electric crawler shovels bite deeply into the hill, 2 cubic

Paae Thirtv-eiaht Page Thirty-nine APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of NLine s TAa gamine Conveying Denny-Hill to the Sea on and field conve5'or are at work, with the overhead conveyor, as \ shown on Page 39, leading down Link-Belt Anti-Friction Belt Conveyors Battery Street, and off at an angle over the pier, to the barges in Elliott Bay. Much of the lower right-hand portion of The journey begins with the mate- the view will be included ulti- 1 i.il beinu In.uli d by shovel onto the matel)' in the regrading opera­ I'ld L-onM->ois. sho«n in ilhistr.i- tion. luin .No. 1. riice ilfli\cr 10 ihi' So it is that, day and night, ii(.i'i\ini; end of elc\.iled I)eh jon- without noise or show Denny M-\oi sho\tn in illnsti .ition No. 2, Mhiih coii\i->. the m.iti 1 i.i) 2,K">0 Hill melts under the magic of fl. to Mo^s in 1 IlioU n.i>, .It thf energy and brains of man—a I, le (it (lOO cu. >di. .in houi. Ilhis- mammoth hill from the city's ti.ilion No. i show, till' i.iiiMiii; midst, silently and unobstru- iiMi ol J'iinki'n oqiiipiKd I inlv-lSi-lt sively disappearing to the depths .\nli-l lii-tion licit C;on\i->or wen in of Puget Sound. illiisti.ilion No. 2.

Card Catalog No, 30 Superintendents and master mechanics, and mining men in general, who have anything to do with haulage problems, will find much of interest in the new catalog issued by the Index to Advertisers C. S. Card Iron Works Company, Denver, Colorado. This is a 124-page book, substantial!}' bound, covering the entire Card line of wheels, trucks, coal mine, ore and in­ dustrial cars, track equipment, rope haulage equipment, Page tipple equipment, etc. In addition to illustrations and de­ scriptions full data is given covering dimensions, weights, American Askania Corporation 5 etc., wherever it is practical to do so. C. S. Card Iron Works Co. 5 Carl A. Blaurock, Refiner 35 Climax Molybdenum Co. 37 Colorado Central Power Co. — 33 Colorado Fuel & Iron 10 Colorado School of Mines .„4, 32 Colorado Transcript — 33 Colorado Iron Works Co. -- 7 Denver Equipment Company ; 5 Denver Fireclay 30 Dupont 43 Centrifugal Sand Pumps Eaton Metal Products Co. 37 PATENTED Flexible Steel Lacing Co. 42 Gardner-Denver Co. 46 General Electric Co. 9 the pumps without a stuffing box Golden Fire Brick Co. 33 AFTER making a careful study of modern hand- This belt conveyor system handles the material at Golden Page 6 ^ ling methods, W. B. Barkhuff, Seatde's Chief a reasonable cost, eliminates wear and tear on city Goodman Mfg. Co. 42 Engineer, in conference with Link-Belt Engineers, streets by trucks, and interference with traffic. The conveyors are practically noiseless. Night and day Hercules Powder Co. 47 selected belt conveyors to move the 5,000,000 cu. yds. they convey the material, never stopping, never Inspiration Consolidated Copper Co. 37 of earth from Denny-Hill Regrade Project No. 2. Lindrooth, Shubart & Co. 34 speeding, never slowing. The contract was awarded to Geo. Nelson & Co., Link-Belt Co. 41 Experienced Link-Belt engineers are always ready who are using Link-Belt Anti-Friction Belt Con­ Mine & Smelter Supply Co. 48 to help you solve your handling problems. veyors. The conveyor sections are 1,360 ft., 920 ft., Midwest Steel & Iron Co. 1 45 and 600 ft., and the field conveyors 200 ft. Send for Belt Conveyor Data Book No. 615. National Fuse & Powder Co. 34 Professional Cards 44, 45 LINK-BELT COMPANY F. B. Robinson Book Store 33 Leading Manufacturers of Elevating, Conveying, and Power Transmission Chains and Machinery Reading Iron 3 CHICAGO,300W.PershingRd, INDIANAPOLIS, 200S.BelmontAve. PHILADELPHIA,2045 W.HuntingParkAve DENVER, 520 Boston Bldg, Liiik-Belt Meese CB, Gottfried Co. SAN FRANCISCO, 19th and Barrison Sts. LOS ANGELES, 361 S. Anderson St. Rubey National Bank 33 Standard of the Mining Industry Stearns-Rogers Mfg. Co. 7 Steiner, Geologist 35 Stonehouse Signs 2 Traylor Vibrator Co. 2 U. S. Foundries, Inc. 34 Pirn] Deni^er, Co/o.'^n.S.A. United Verde Copper Co. 37 A. R. Wilfley & Sons . 40 -BELT

Paae Foriv APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Magazine The Colorado School of Mines Magazin APRIL 1930

Mineral Wealth of Western Colorado Will be Advertised Two New Low Density Explosives Announced The Chamber of Commerce of Grand Junction has begun an active campaign to list and find markets and de­ E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Company, Wilmington, These new products are intended for use in ore mines velopment capital for the minerals of Western Colorado. Delaware, announces that the Eastern Laboratory has re­ and for the underground mining of limestone and other A survey of the mining properties has been started. cently developed two new low density gelatin explosives non-metallic minerals. Both Gelex No. 1 and Gelex No. The following twenty-seven counties will be included in which will be marketed under the names of Gelex No. 1 2 are extremely cohesive and plastic so that they will load the survey: Alamosa, Archuleta, Conejos, Costilla, Delta, and Gelex No. 2. well in upward pointing boles. Dolores, Eagle, Garfield, Grand, Gunnison, Hinsdale, Jackson, La Plata, IVIesa, Mineral, Moffat, Montezuma, Montrose, Ouray, Pitkin, Rio Blanco, Rio Grande, Routt, Air Cooled Compressor DYNAMITE clears the way for modern engineering wonders! Saguache, San Juan, San Miguel, and Summit. Gas, oil, coal, shales, rare claj's, stones, precious and semi­ A new model air cooled single stage com­ precious metals and stones will be included in the survey. pressor has just been placed on the market Individual properties will be listed, investigated and findings by the Gardner-Denver Company of Quincy, will be publislied in booklet form through which it is ex­ Illinois. This is to be known as the A-C-E pected investment capital and markets may become available. Model. It consists of a 31/2 by 4 duplex compressor and a five horsepower motor Complete description of each property, extent, develop­ mounted on a cast iron base on top of the air ment work, values and samples will be required, and to facilitate and expedite the work, citizens of every com­ receivers. The unit has a displacement of 26 munity are urged to co-operate. The project is enormous cubic feet per minute, operating at a rate of in extent. 600 revolutions per minute. This rate can be reduced and altered to fit the particular cir­ cumstances. Years of Observation have brought us to the conclusion The use of the V-type belt drive, a fan that the only reason a great many American families do type of flywheel, the use of Hyatt type of not own an elephant is that no one has ever offered ele­ roller bearings, after cooler in the base, are phants for a dollar down and easy monthly payments. other features of the compressor. NEW YORK An. outstanding feature is the enclosing of CENTRAL SOONER OR LATER the suction and discharge valves in separate used Mr. Feedbag—Where's my waiter? compartments. The valves are special, heat- Manager—Serving, sir. DYNAMITE treated and ground steel discs. The use of Mr. Feedbag—He must be serving time. the compartments prevents tbe air from to widen its being heated when passing through the in­ main line take valves.

from l^torm King to Maiiitou! A Feature that Appeals The Engineer HE task of clearing the way for dams, subways. It digs coal, tjuarries The tawny, glistening, silent plain T additional tracks on the main line rocic . . . unearths raw materials that to Every Operator— Lies shimmering through ten thousand years; of a busy system seems an almost im­ go into tlie making of a thousand and The Indian's moaning cry for rain possible undertaking. And yet the one every-day products. Brings no response but his own tears. New York Central Railroad did it. No engineer of tomorrow can afford From Storm King to Manitou, New not to know all there is to know about Four Heavy Coil Springs The pack-train drags its weary way York a distance of nearly 15 this valuable tool . . . dynamite. You Along the scorching leagues of sand. support the locomotive frame, which miles .. . new tunnels driven, old ones liave a cliance to learn more about in turn carries the battery. The campfire at the end of day enlarged, ledges of rock, from 60 to 90 explosives and how to use them . . . The only cheer in all the land. feet high, removed—while 125 trains now . . . while you're still in college. This Spring Mounting of the frame and bat­ Upon the desert's margins far, per day sped by within a few feet of All you need to do is to write the the operations! tery box provides a cushioning effect, The snow-clad mountains stand as guard du Pont Company for a copy of the Without dynamite such a feat would Blasters' Handbook. This book con­ thereby reducing the shocks and jars to the Beneath the silence of the star, ha vebeen practically impossible. With tains a wealth of information about battery caused by track irregularities. The desert wolf their only ward. the help of du Pont Explosives, the explosives—information gathered by O gathering snow that blinds and chills! job of excavating 900,000 cubic yards du Pont in 128 years' experience in And, this feature of construction, combined O mocking streams that plunge and race! of rock went through and this famous making and improving explosives. So with the 3-point chassis suspension, in­ O rivers lost among the hills! railroad improved its passenger and valuable is this book ... so compact creases greatly the track riding ability of freight service! and handy . . . it is used in the class­ O desolate, shimmering, silent place 1 the Goodman Trammer. What a part dynamite plays in mod­ rooms and dormitories of many of the But Look I One comes who dares to dream, ern life! It breaks ground for towering leading technical institutions. Your Complete Specifications sent upon request. The pick and blast his magic wands. skyscrapers. Itbuildstunnels. Itaids free copy is waiting for you. Write And from the hills he leads the stream in the construction of bridges, roads, for it. Refer to Page 141 in the Keystone THE GOODMAN TRAMMER Metal-Quarry Catalog. And sends it laughing o'er the lands. Lo! Desert sands are changed to gold; Hope rules the ancient seat of Fear, MANUFACTURING While reverent Wonder cries: "Behold! W\^W> EXPLOSIVES COMPANV Builders of REG.U.S.PAT. OFF. HALSTED ST.at48TH. The footprints of The Engineer." E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & CO., INC., Explosives Department, Wilmington, Del. CHICAGO---lUL. Metal Mine Locomotives Locomotives "Loaders - Coal Cutters for 42 Years. —Jatnes B. JVeaver. PITTSBUR6H-Wll.KES-BARRE-HUNTINGTON,W.VA.-CINCINNATI-BIRMIN6HAM-ST.LOUIS-OENVER-PRICE,UTAH Page Forty-three APRIL 1930 The Colorado School of Mines Ma gamine The Colorado School of Mines Maga^^ine APRIL 1930

^K/^ore Professional Card^S ^^ro fessionalCar d J

JAMES UNDERHILL ROGER F. WHITE, '18 | HARRY J. WOLF, '03 (Consulting Petroleum Engineer Mining Engineer Mining Engineer 804 Hellman Bank Bldg. A. E. ANDERSON, E.M. '04 JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, Hon. '09 E. I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., Inc. G. MONTAGUE BUTLER '02 Idaho Springs, Colo, Los Angeles, Calif. 42 Broadway New York 922 Midland Savings Bldg. Mining and Geological Engineer Mining Engineer Denver, Colo. Dean College of Mines and Engineer­ 120 Broadway New York, N. Y, H. J. WOLF, INCORPORATED ing, University of Arizona, Tucson. WM. D. WALTMAN, '99 JOHN H. WILSON, E.M., '23 Franco Wyoming Oil Company Examinations and problems involving Geologist and Geophysicist An Investment Trust EDWARD P. ARTHUR, '95 persistence, change in character, and THOMAS S. HARRISON, '08 551 Fifth Avenue, New York City ' loss of ore. Box 187 Golden, Colo. 15 Exchange Place Jersey City, N.J. Consulting Oil Geologist 422 First Nat. Bank Bldg., Denver Mining Engineer Diamonds and other gems secured for Miners or their friends at reduced rates. 705 First National Bank Bldg. Cripple Creelc, Colo. Denver, Colo. Milling Practice Articles Lighting the International Exposition

MAX W. BALL FRED C. CARSTARPHEN, '05 MONTANA LABORATORY CO. The publication of a new series of papers which will Consulting Petroleum Engineer Specializing in Design and Erection present the details of milling practice and itemized costs Aerial Tramways E. E. Blumenthal '98 First National Bank Building, Denver Consulting Engineer Chemist and Assayer at the principal ore-dressing plants in the United States is Exchange National Bank Bldg., Tulsa 721 Marion St. Denver, Colo. Phillipsburg, Mont. announced by Scott Turner, Director of the United States Bureau of Mines. Officials and mill superintendents of the mining companies will prepare these papers, in coopera­ HENRY C. BEELER, '96 C. LORIMER COLBURN, '07 A. E. MOYNAHAN, '00 tion with the mining division of the Bureau of Mines, and Mining Engineer Mining Engineer Consulting Mining Engineer in accordance with an outline designed to obtain uniform presentation. C. A. Johnson Bldg. Denver, Colo. C. A. Johnson Bldg. Denver, Colo. 241 Coronado Bldg. Denver, Colo, The first paper in this series is Information Circular 6236, "Milling Practice at the Alaska Juneau Concen­ CHARLES N. BELL, '06 SHRIVE B. COLLINS, '01 JOHN EDWARD NORMAN, '98 trator," by P. R. Bradley. Mining Engineer Consulting Mining Engineer Mining Engineer C. A. Johnson Bldg. Denver, Colo. 1765 Glencoe Street Denver, Colo. 1267 Race Street Denver, Colo. "No man ever becomes educated or effective as a result of what he learns in school. By the time he gets into the JACK P. BONARDI, '21 ARTHUR V. CORRY, '98 CHARLES M. RATH, '05 arena of action either he has forgotten what he learned in Night view of the National Palace and Cascade at the Sales Manager Member Harper, MacDonald and Co. Petroleum Geologist and Appraiser school or the facts he learned in school days have gone International Exposition at Barcelona, Spain. Elaborate The Mine & Smelter Supply Co. Mining Engineers Midwest Refining Co. Denver, Colo. obsolete in this rapidly changing day. But if a man can and spectacular are the immense lighting effects achieved 225 Broadway, New Yorlc City Butte, Mont. blot available jor -private loork learn how to learn he can afford to come to the end of his at this Exposition. The engineering organization of the school days knowing even less than the average college Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company work­ graduate now knows on commencement day." FRANK C. BOWMAN, '01 A. E. CRAIG, '14 FRANK J. REINHARD, '05 ed out these effects. Clarence Guth, graduate of Mines, Mining & Metallurgical Engineer Metallurgical Engineer —Glen Fratik. '22, is a part of Westinghouse's organization. Equitable Life Assurance Society 1412 Franklin St., Apt. No. 4 The Mine & Smelter Supply Co. DENVER, COLORADO DENVER, COLORADO Security Bldg. Denver, Colo. ALBERT G. FISH, Pres. & Treas. IRA C. BOWER, Sec.

r LIONEL BROOKE, '14 ROBERT H. SAYRE Mining Engineer DONALD DYRENFORTH, '12 Mining Engineer 824 Royal Bank Bldg. 715 First National Bank Bldg. THE DORR COMPANY DENVER Montreal, Canada Denver, Colo.

W. E. Burlingame, '01 Charles 0. Parker, '23 JOHN WELLINGTON FINCH WILLIAM P. SIMPSON, '01 Consulting Geologist and Engineer Root & Simpson BURLINGAME & PARKER Metallurgical Chemists, Assayers Chemists and Assayers 1st National Bank Bldg., Denver, Colo. Denver, Colo.

Specializing in umpire and control work All types of analytical and HEY W. G. SWART, HON., '17 commercial problems Mining Engineer 711 Lonsdale Bldg. 1901 Lawrence St. Denver, Colo. MINERS! DULUTH, MINNESOTA STRUCTURAL STEEL and ORNAMENTAL IRON We've started another page of Professional cards How about yours? The Midwest Steel and Iron Works Company (Incorporated) WRITE NOW to C. Lorimer Colburn, Secretary, Colo. School of Mines Alumni Ass'n. C. A. Johnson Bldg., 509 17th St., Denver, Colo. Office No. Z5 Larimer Street, DENVER Branch Plant P. O. Box 1184, PUEBLO, COLO.

Page Forty-four Page Forty-five ANNOUNCING

THE EXPLOSIVE FOR YOUR WORK IS IN THIS LIST

• HERCULES GELATIN EXTRA L. F.-Dense and strong • plastic and water-resisting - first in fumes • the leading gelatin-type, all- purpose explosive • strengths! 30% to 90% • 190 cartridges.*

n HERCULES GELATIN L. F.-Dense and WHEN MINING CONDITIONS strong • plasficandwater-resisting • needed only under severest conditions • first in fumes • strengths! 20% to 90% • 184 car­ It yTODEL 411 is a light ARE COMPLICATED tridges.* • GELAMITE 2-Semi-plastic. water-resist­ JLVX weight machine re­ ing • bulkier than Ihe gelatins • often re­ places gelatins up to, and including, 40% cently added to the Gardner- Complex faults and folds in metamorphic rock areas strength at a saving in cost . 240 cartridges.* n HERCULES STRAIGHT NITROGLYCERIN Denver line of popular and may delight geologists—but not mine superintendents. L.F.-Strong • fast' water-resisting in higher Model strengths • strengths! lS%lo60% . 208 car­ economical drills. Although The job of mining under such conditions is no easy one, tridges.* weighing but 39 pounds, it is a HERCULES EXTRAL.F.-Forgeneral blast­ although the selection of proper methods, equipment, ing • strengths!20%lo60% • 220cartridges.* ruggedly built, and embodies D HERCOMITES 2 to 7—General purpose and supplies considerably offsets natural difficulties. explosives • very economical where suit­ the fine workmanship that able • 240 cartridges* for No. 2, to 350 for No. 7 • also Hercomite Bag packed in 12y2 is evident in all Gardner- lb. bags. Specifying the correct explosive for each blasting need • HERCULESTORPEDO GELATIN-Repldces Denver products. liquid nitroglycerin for shooting oil, gas, and is one way of making mining easier. Because the Her­ waierwells • strength!80% • 196cartridges.* • HERCULES BLASTING GELATIN-Wdter- Its low air consumption cules Powder Company has explosives for all purposes, resisting and powerful • valuable for sub­ marine blasting, shooting gas or oii wells • makes it an ideal drill for use mine superintendents know that each blasting require­ 100% strength • 200 cartridges.* n HERCULES CONTRACTORS DYNAMITE- with portable compressors, Low-strength explosives with strong heaving ment will be met by one of them. action • strengths! 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% . 5% and due to its fast drilling and packed in 12y2 lb. bags only, others 216* cartridges. economy it will find a wide The list at the right briefly describes this complete n HERCULES BLASTING POWDERS-"A"! J 8 granulations (coarse lo finel and dust-- range oi usefulness in mines, series. Of course, there is more to be said about each "B"! 7granulations and Herco—Hercoi used in well-drill holes with Cordeau-Bickford quarries and construction detonating fuse—all powders packed in 25 type of explosive than is included in this coupon-list, lb. kegs.

work. • HERCULES BLASTING SUPPLIES-A com­ so check and mail it for the information concerning plete series of detonators and blasting accessories. Further inlormation will gladly the explosives in which you are interested. */V0 TE: Cartridge counts refer lo tlie approx­ be jurnishid on request imate number ot 1%" by a" cartridges In 100 lbs, of tbe explosive, • • • (iAKDNKR-Dl'INVKR COMPANY HERCULES POWDER COMPANY KOLK I;liril DIMsldS HERCULES POWDER COMPANY (Incorporated) DI-NVIII, mi OKADO (INCORPORATED) 931 King Street, Wilmington, Delaware Gentlemen! Please send me pamphlets de­ S,llil OJcll 'Ilroaghiu IIK H'I 'IJ ALLENTOWN, PA. Wilmington Delaware POTTSVILLE, PA, scribing the explosives checked. ST. LOUIS BIRMINGHAM Name .•, BUFFALO HAZLETON, PA. NEW YORK CITY SALT LAKE CITY Company CHICAGO HUNTINGTON, W. VA. NORRISTOWN, PA. SAN FRANCISCO DENVER JOPLIN, MO. PITTSBURG, KAN. WILKES-BARRE Street. DULUTH LOS ANGELES PITTSBURGH, PA. WILMINGTON, DEL. EARDilER-DENVEll P. O. C.2