Featured Topic Community Health & Health Disparities
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a publication of the behavioral science & policy association volume 4 issue 1 2018 featured topic community health & health disparities behavioralpolicy.org ` founding co-editors disciplinary editors Craig R. Fox (UCLA) Behavioral Economics Sim B Sitkin (Duke University) Senior Disciplinary Editor Dean S. Karlan (Northwestern University) senior policy editor Associate Disciplinary Editors Oren Bar-Gill (Harvard University) Colin F. Camerer (California Institute ofTechnology) Carol L. Graham (Brookings Institution) M. Keith Chen (UCLA) bspa executive director Julian Jamison (World Bank) Kate B.B. Wessels Russell B. Korobkin (UCLA) advisory board Devin G. Pope (University of Chicago) Jonathan Zinman (Dartmouth College) Paul Brest (Stanford University) Cognitive & Brain Science David Brooks (New York Times) Senior Disciplinary Editor Henry L. Roediger III (Washington University) John Seely Brown (Deloitte) Associate Disciplinary Editors Yadin Dudai (Weizmann Institute & NYU) Robert B. Cialdini (Arizona State University) Roberta L. Klatzky (Carnegie Mellon University) Adam M. Grant (University of Pennsylvania) Hal Pashler (UC San Diego) Daniel Kahneman (Princeton University) Steven E. Petersen (Washington University) James G. March (Stanford University) Jeremy M. Wolfe (Harvard University) Jeffrey Pfeffer (Stanford University) Decision, Marketing, & Management Sciences Denise M. Rousseau (Carnegie Mellon University) Senior Disciplinary Editor Eric J. Johnson (Columbia University) Paul Slovic (University of Oregon) Associate Disciplinary Editors Linda C. Babcock (Carnegie Mellon University) Cass R. Sunstein (Harvard University) Max H. Bazerman (Harvard University) Richard H. Thaler (University of Chicago) Baruch Fischhoff (Carnegie Mellon University) executive committee John G. Lynch (University of Colorado) Morela Hernandez (University of Virginia) Ellen Peters (Ohio State University) Katherine L. Milkman (University of Pennsylvania) John D. Sterman (MIT) Daniel Oppenheimer (Carnegie Mellon University) George Wu (University of Chicago) Todd Rogers (Harvard University) Organizational Science David Schkade (UC San Diego) Senior Disciplinary Editors Carrie R. Leana (University of Pittsburgh) Joe Simmons (University of Pennsylvania) Jone L. Pearce (UC Irvine) bspa team Associate Disciplinary Editors Stephen R. Barley (Stanford University) Rebecca M. Henderson (Harvard University) Kaye N. de Kruif, Managing Editor (Duke University) Thomas A. Kochan (MIT) Carsten Erner, Statistical Consultant (FS Card) Ellen E. Kossek (Purdue University) Lea Lupkin, Media Manager Elizabeth W. Morrison (NYU) A. David Nussbaum, Director of Communications (Chicago) William Ocasio (Northwestern University) Daniel J. Walters, Financial Consultant (UCLA) Sara L. Rynes-Weller (University of Iowa) Ricki Rusting, Editorial Director Andrew H. Van de Ven (University of Minnesota) consulting editors Social Psychology Dan Ariely (Duke University) Senior Disciplinary Editor Nicholas Epley (University of Chicago) Shlomo Benartzi (UCLA) Associate Disciplinary Editors Dolores Albarracín (University of Illinois) Laura L. Carstensen (Stanford University) Susan M. Andersen (NYU) Susan T. Fiske (Princeton University) Thomas N. Bradbury (UCLA) Chip Heath (Stanford University) John F. Dovidio (Yale University) David I. Laibson (Harvard University) David A. Dunning (Cornell University) George Loewenstein (Carnegie Mellon University) E. Tory Higgins (Columbia University) Richard E. Nisbett (University of Michigan) John M. Levine (University of Pittsburgh) M. Scott Poole (University of Illinois) Harry T. Reis (University of Rochester) Eldar Shafir (Princeton University) Tom R. Tyler (Yale University) Sociology policy editors Senior Disciplinary Editors Peter S. Bearman (Columbia University) Henry J. Aaron (Brookings Institution) Karen S. Cook (Stanford University) Matthew D. Adler (Duke University) Associate Disciplinary Editors Paula England (NYU) Peter Cappelli (University of Pennsylvania) Peter Hedstrom (Oxford University) Thomas D’Aunno (NYU) Arne L. Kalleberg (University of North Carolina) J.R. DeShazo (UCLA) James Moody (Duke University) Brian Gill (Mathematica) Robert J. Sampson (Harvard University) Michal Grinstein-Weiss (Washington University) Bruce Western (Harvard University) Ross A. Hammond (Brookings Institution) Ron Haskins (Brookings Institution) Arie Kapteyn (University of Southern California) John R. Kimberly (University of Pennsylvania) Mark Lubell (UC Davis) Annamaria Lusardi (George Washington University) Timothy H. Profeta (Duke University) Donald A. Redelmeier (University of Toronto) Rick K. 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Behavioral Science & Policy Volume 4 Issue 1 2018 ii Editors’ note Steven Patierno & Sim B Sitkin Features 1 17 Review Proposal What is health equity? Applying population health science principles Paula Braveman, Elaine Arkin, Tracy Orleans, to guide behavioral health policy setting Dwayne Proctor, Julia Acker, & Alonzo Plough Catherine Ettman, Salma M. Abdalla, & Sandro Galea 27 39 Essay Report The ubiquity of data & communication: Using pay-for-success financing for supportive A double-edged sword for disparities housing interventions: Promise & challenges Robert M. Califf Paula M. Lantz & Samantha Iovan 51 Essay Improving the match between patients’ needs & end-of-life care by increasing patient choice in Medicare Donald H. Taylor, Jr. 62 Editorial policy Support for this special issue of BSP was provided by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The views expressed here do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foundation. editors’ note elcome to this special edition of is needed is a shared, unambiguous definition Behavioral Science & Policy, dedicated of health equity that can withstand social and Wto the complex issues surrounding political forces that seek to bend the definition health equity. This Spotlight Topic Forum was to promote particular policies and practices. co-edited by Steven Patierno (Duke University), They propose a definition of health equity that is Ingrid Gould Ellen (New York University), aimed at ensuring fair and just practices across and Todd T. Rogers (Harvard University) and all stakeholder sectors, is actionable, can be draws on research presented at the daylong operationalized and measured, and accounts workshop Achieving Health Equity: The Impact for social concerns. Achieving health equity of Housing, Employment, and Education on will require reducing health disparities, both by Health Disparities. This event was hosted by the improving the health of socially disadvantaged Behavioral Science & Policy Association, Duke groups and by addressing social determinants University, and Duke Health. of health disparities, including poverty and discrimination. The symposium drew attention to the interconnectedness of social, structural, and In the second article, Catherine Ettman, Salma biological determinants of health and provided M. Abdalla, and Sandro Galea propose a policy- elegant examples of the ways that interwoven impacting framework that allows for the assess- socioeconomic and geospatial factors drive ment of a broad range of global, national, health inequity. structural, and environmental health determi- nants and how these affect individual behaviors. As early as 1989, Dr. Samuel Broder, former They identify four principles that can serve as director of the National Cancer Institute, guides in the development of more effective acknowledged that “poverty is a carcinogen.”1 health policies: (1) recognize that population In 2003, the Institute of Medicine published health is not binary (sick versus not sick) but a Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and continuum of symptoms from mild to severe; Ethnic Disparities in Healthcare, in which it stated, (2) focus on high-prevalence determinants “A large body of published research reveals that that affect the most people rather than high- racial and ethnic minorities experience a lower risk, low-prevalence behaviors of fewer indi- quality of health services, and are less likely to viduals; (3) consider the trade-offs between receive even routine medical procedures than health interventions that may be easy to carry are white Americans.”2