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Heamatological Studies on Sida Rhombifolia Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Micronor Induced Infertility in Female Rats

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Heamatological Studies on Sida Rhombifolia Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Micronor Induced Infertility in Female Rats Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(3): 1751-1759 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 8 Number 03 (2019) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.205 Heamatological Studies on Sida Rhombifolia Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Micronor Induced Infertility in Female Rats R.U. Ukpanukpong1*, R.N. Uyabeme2, F.D. Adebiyi4, D.I. Basiru2, B.S. Akinfesola2 and P.O. Aigbadumah3 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Calabar, Nigeria 2 Department of Chemical Sciences, Biochemistry Unit, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Osun State, Nigeria 3Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Jos, Nigeria 4Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, University of Lagos, Nigeria *Corresponding author ABSTRACT K e yw or ds The research investigated the heamatological indices of Sida rhombifolia ethanolic leaf Body Weight extract on micronor induced infertility in female rats. Sida rhombifolia is a shrub from the Indices, Weight family of Malvaceae. Forty eight (48) female albino rats were randomly placed into six (6) Blood cell Count, study groups of eight (8) rats each and designated as; positive control group (PC) placed Re d Blood Cell on distill water and normal feeds, micronor control group (MC) induced with micronor but Counts Neutrophil not treated with Sida rhombifolia, Sida rhombifolia control group (SRC), (SRM1, SRM2, and Mean SRM3) induced with micronor and treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Sida rhombifolia Corpuscular Haemoglobin at concentrations of 100mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg body weight respectively for 14 Concentration days. Animals treated with 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg Sida rhombifolia ethanolic leaf extract showed a significant increase in white blood cell count activity and neutrophil Article Info concentration compared to the micronor control. There was also a significant increase (P<0.05) in the red blood cell counts of the extract treated group compared to the positive Accepted: control. The extract was found to be non-toxic as seen in the extract fed normal rats. 15 February 2019 Findings depicts that ethanolic leaf extract of Sida rhombifolia possessed some Available Online: hematopoitic effect on micronor induced infertility in female rats. 10 March 2019 Introduction towards the top, entire towards the base. Sida rhombifolia contains a variety of Sida rhombifolia is a small erect woody, very phytochemicals that has led to its use in many variable annual or perennial under shrub areas of medicine. Sida rhombifolia is about 1.5 meters high with rough branches demulcent, diaphoretic, diuretic, emollient, and stellate hairs. Leaves are very variable in stomachic, tonic, sudorific, appetite and shape up to 5mm by 18 mm, short petioled, stimulant. It has significant medicinal rhomboid-lanceolate to lanceolate, serrated applications for which it is cultivated 1751 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(3): 1751-1759 throughout the world. Leaves and roots are center. Each of the five overlapping petals is used for piles, gonorrhea, Diuretic, asymmetric, having a long lobe on one side. aphrodisiac. Roots are held in great repute in The stamens unite in a short column. The fruit treatment of rheumatism. Stems abound in is a ribbed capsule, which breaks up into 8 to mucilage and are employed as demulcents 10 segments. The plant blooms throughout the and emollients both for external and internal year. It is usually confined to waste ground, use. The herb is also useful in calculous such as roadsides and rocky areas, stock troubles and as a febrifuge with pepper. camps or rabbit warrens, but can be Mucilage is used as an emollient and for competitive in pasture, because of its scorpion sting. Australian aborigines use the unpalatability to livestock (Dukej, 2004). herb to treat diarrhea. Leaves are smoked in Mexico and a tea is prepared in India for the The hot aqueous extract of dried aerial parts stimulation it provides (Bhatt et al., 2003). of Sida rhombifolia is used for snake bite in East Africa. The hot aqueous extract of entire Sida rhombifolia is a perennial or sometimes plant of S. rhombifolia in Borneo is used as an annual plant in the family Malvaceae, it is abortifacient when it is taken orally by native to the new world tropics and pregnant women. The hot aqueous extract of subtropics. Other common names include entire plant is used as an abortifacient on oral rhombus-leaved sida, paddy’s Lucerne, jelly administration in pregnant women in Central leaf and also somewhat confusingly as Cuban Africa (Bhandary et al., 2005). In India, the jute, Queensland hemp and Indian hemp decoction of entire plant of S. rhombifolia (Although Sida rhombifolia is not related to when given orally to human adults reduces either jute or hemp).Synonyms include Malva rheumatic pain. The decoction is also mixed rhombifolia. It is used in Ayurvedic medicine, with equal proportion of cow’s milk and taken where it is known as Kurumthotti. This is every morning for about a week for the same another species native to India, Sida purpose. The hot aqueous extract of the plant cordifolia. The stems are erect to sprawling in Malaysia is used for irregular menses when and branched, growing 50 to 120 centimeters taken orally by adult females (Zamora and in height, with the lower sections being Pola, 2002). woody. The dark green, diamond-shaped leaves are arranged alternately along the stem, The decoction prepared from entire plant of S. 4 to 8 centimeters long, with petioles that are rhombifolia in Mexico is used to treat head less than a third of the length of the leaves. cold when applied externally (Amico, 2007). They are paler below, with short, grayish The hot aqueous extract of the entire plant in hairs. The apical half of the leaves has toothed Mozambique is used for cough when given or serrated margins while the remainder of the orally to both sexes of human adults. The leaves is untoothed. The petioles have small roots and leaves in Honduras are used as spiny stipules at their bases (Kirtikar and poultice when applied externally on boils Basu, 2001). (Sahu, 2004). The hot aqueous extracts of the entire plant in India is used as an aphrodisiac The moderately delicate flowers occur singly and in treatment of fever and urinary diseases on flower stalks that arise from the area when given orally to adult humans. The between the stems and leaf petioles. They infusion of dried leaf of S. rhombifolia in consist of five petals that are 4 to 8 Central Africa is used for diabetes, chest pain millimeters long, creamy to orange-yellow in and diarrhea on oral administration. The color, and may be somewhat reddish in the infusion of this plant is applied locally for the 1752 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2019) 8(3): 1751-1759 treatment of skin diseases and infected The animal feed pallet was purchased from wounds. the Osogbo central market, Oshogbo, Osun State. The leaf juice of the plant in India has been in use for the treatment of spermatorrhea on oral Experimental animals administration. The leaf juice of this plant in Madagascar is applied externally in abscesses Forty eight (48) adult female albino Wistar and the leaf is useful in treating menstrual rats between 100-150g were purchased from a pain in Argentina (Noumi and Yomi, 2001). disease free stock of the Ladoke Akintola The leaf and root infusions of the plant in University of Technology Medical Laboratory Cameroon are given orally in dysentery and Osogbo Osun State and used for the study. diarrhea whereas in Mozambique, these are The animals were allowed to acclimatize for applied externally as emollient. The decoction two weeks before the commencement of the of leaf and root of this plant are given orally experiment. The rats were randomly assigned to facilitate child birth (Deka et al., 2003). on the basis of their weight into six study The hot aqueous extracts of dried leaf and groups of eight (8) rats each. root of the plant in India are used to treat nervous diseases, heart diseases, burning Normal feed and clean running water were sensation of the body and as aphrodisiac and given to the rats ad libitum. They were kept in tonic. The decoction of leaf and stem of S. wooden cages of eight (8) rats per cage, rhombifolia in Guatemala is taken orally in placed in the well-ventilated animal house of urinary inflammation. In India the leaf juice Joseph Ayo Babalola University Ikeji Arakeji mixed with sesame oil for the treatment of Osun State at normal temperature of 30-35oC. snake bite and the fresh leaf juice is given The cages were cleaned regularly and the rats orally in spermatorrhoea. The fresh leaf juice were treated according to the international in New Guinea has been in use for the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory treatment of diarrhea in children. The fresh animals (NIH, 2008). plant juice in India, is taken orally to dissolve stones in urinary tract, while in Nepal, the Plant materials and identification plant juice is applied externally for boils (Burkill, 2006). Fresh and healthy plants of Sida rhombifolia was obtained from the Federal University of Materials and Methods Agriculture, Ijapo, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The plant samples were taken to the Materials, equipments and chemicals Department of Botany, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife for identification and Drug: Micronor (BAYER WEIMAR GmbH authentication. and Co.KG Germany/Allemagne), Ethanol (Fimlab), Centrifuge (Sorvall RC-5B super Preparation of plant extract speed, England), spectrophotometer (Spectrum lab 22PC England). ELISA KITS The Sida rhomibifolia plants were sorted out were products of Randox Laboratories and thoroughly washed to get rid of sand, the Limited (Antrim, United Kingdom leaves were detached from the entire plant BT294QY), Analytical weighing balance and allowed to air dry properly under a shade (AXIS, model: BT200, Gdansk, Poland).
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